<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Dan Mikros</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Ellen Dunkle</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kelly Jaenecke</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kylle Roy</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Robert W. Peck</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2026</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;ol class=""&gt;&lt;li&gt;Wood boring ambrosia beetles play a central role in the spread of Ceratocystis wilt of ‘ōhi‘a, a fungal disease caused by&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ceratocystis lukuohia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;that kills the bioculturally important ‘ōhiʻa (&lt;i&gt;Metrosideros polymorpha&lt;/i&gt;) tree. Beetles contribute to the spread of the disease by extruding fungus-infected wood particles (frass). Disease mitigation can benefit from knowledge of ambrosia beetle life-history and fungal survival in affected ‘ōhi‘a.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;We investigated temporal associations among tree death, the timing and duration of beetle attacks, and the persistence of viable&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. lukuohia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;within intentionally infected (inoculated) ʻōhiʻa at three sites that approximate the elevational range of the disease on the Island of Hawaiʻi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Beetles most frequently attacked inoculated trees at the time when foliage first showed symptoms of infection (yellow leaves;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9) although some attacks were observed during earlier (green leaf;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) and later (brown leaf;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) stages of symptom progression. On average, beetles initiated new attacks for nearly one year after trees were inoculated.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;We tracked active galleries of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Xyleborinus saxesenii&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Xyleborus ferrugineus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Xyleborus simillimus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and found they produced frass with viable&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. lukuohia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;propagules for 122.8 ± 40.0, 275.8 ± 32.7 and 304.2 ± 53.4 days, respectively.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Infected ʻōhiʻa felled from our mid-elevation site at the end of the study revealed viable fungal propagules and the presence&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;of X. ferrugineus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;over two years after trees first appeared symptomatic of infection, suggesting that Ceratocystis wilt of ʻōhiʻa remains a threat to spread from infected trees long after trees succumb to the disease.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1111/afe.70007</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Royal Entomological Society</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Temporal associations between ambrosia beetles and ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha) artificially inoculated with Ceratocystis lukuohia</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>