Rachel R. Holser Garrett T. Shipway Arina B. Favilla Birgitte I. McDonald Daphne M. Shen Amber R. Diluzio Sarah H. Peterson Joshua T. Ackerman Daniel E. Crocker Arthur N. Popper Joseph A. Sisneros Paul A. Lepper Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa Daniel P. Costa 2026 <p><span>Noise exposure is a potential stressor for free-ranging marine mammals and is often studied in the absence of other environmental factors. Here, a multi-investigator, interdisciplinary effort was undertaken to examine the response of elephant seals to multiple stressors. An integrated physiological and ecological approach was taken, including immunology, stress physiology, toxicology, animal behavior, population biology, and life history theory, to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple stressors in elephant seals. While we measured the response of individual animals, a population response can be predicted by incorporating these results into the long-term data on elephant seal demographics.</span></p> application/pdf 10.1007/978-3-031-94229-7_40-1 en Springer Nature Cumulative effects of multiple stressors on marine mammals: Elephant seals as a model system chapter