R.S. Park J.H. Roberts Michael T. Bland S. M. Brooks J. C. Castillo-Rogez G. Cascioli A. Genova T. Greathouse H. Hussmann Randolph L. Kirk A. Magnanini E. Mazarico F. Nimmo M. S. Park F. Petricca K. Retherford D.M. Schroeder K.M. Soderlund P. Tortora M. Zannoni G. Steinbrügge 2026 <p>The Europa Clipper mission will investigate the geophysical properties of Europa, one of Jupiter’s Galilean moons, to assess its habitability. Geodetic measurements will play a critical role in determining Europa’s internal structure, rotational state, and tidal deformation. The Geodesy Focus Group (GFG) coordinates cross-instrument efforts to measure Europa’s global shape, rotational parameters, gravity field, and degree-2 tidal Love numbers (<i>k₂</i> and <i>h₂</i>). The data provided by the Gravity/Radio Science (G/RS) investigation, Europa Imaging System (EIS), Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding (REASON), and Europa Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) will be used to infer geodetic constraints on the interior structure and construct a precise cartographic reference system. This combined dataset will provide new constraints on Europa’s tidal response, ice shell thickness, and the properties of its subsurface ocean. The resulting geodetic information will contribute to a deeper understanding of Europa’s internal dynamics and the potential habitability of its ocean.</p> application/pdf 10.1007/s11214-025-01250-x en Springer Nature Geodetic investigations of the Europa Clipper mission article