F.L. Knopf F. B. Samson Douglas H. Johnson 1997 <p><span>The mixed-grass prairie is one of the largest ecosystems in North America, originally covering about 69 million ha (Bragg and Steuter 1995). Although much of the natural vegetation has been replaced by cropland and other uses (Samson and Knopf 1994, Bragg and Steuter 1995), significant areas have been preserved in national wildlife refuges, waterfowl production areas, state game management areas, and nature preserves. Mixed-grass prairie evolved with fire (Bragg 1995), and fire is frequently used as a management tool for prairie (Berkey et al. 1993).</span></p> application/pdf 10.1007/978-1-4757-2703-6_8 en Springer Effects of fire on bird populations in mixed-grass prairie chapter