<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Hilary F. Stockdon</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kara S. Doran</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Nathaniel G. Plant</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Karen L.M. Morgan</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kristy K. Guy</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kathryn E. L. Smith</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Kristin L. Sopkin</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2014</dc:date>
  <dc:description>Hurricane Sandy, the largest Atlantic hurricane on record, made landfall on October 29, 2012, and impacted a long swath of the U.S. Atlantic coastline. The barrier islands were breached in a number of places and beach and dune erosion occurred along most of the Mid-Atlantic coast. As a part of the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project, the U.S. Geological Survey collected post-Hurricane Sandy oblique aerial photography and lidar topographic surveys to document the changes that occurred as a result of the storm. Comparisons of post-storm photographs to those collected prior to Sandy’s landfall were used to characterize the nature, magnitude, and spatial variability of hurricane-induced coastal changes. Analysis of pre- and post-storm lidar elevations was used to quantify magnitudes of change in shoreline position, dune elevation, and beach width. Erosion was observed along the coast from North Carolina to New York; however, as would be expected over such a large region, extensive spatial variability in storm response was observed.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.3133/ofr20141088</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>U.S. Geological Survey</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Hurricane Sandy: observations and analysis of coastal change</dc:title>
  <dc:type>reports</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>