Nahid Hasan
Ashish Shrestha
Rajagopalan Rengarajan
Mark Lubke
Daniel Steinwand
Paul Bresnahan
Jerad L. Shaw
Kathryn Ruslander
Esad Micijevic
Michael J. Choate
Cody Anderson
Jeff Clauson
Kurt Thome
Amit Angal
Raviv Levy
Jeff Miller
Cibele Teixeira Pinto
Md Obaidul Haque
2026
<html><body><p>The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote- sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.<br/>This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9 for quarter 4 (October–December) of 2025. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: <a data-mce-href="https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov" href="https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov">https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov</a>.<br/>One specific activity that the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team closely monitored was a Landsat 9 safehold anomaly. On October 17, 2025, Landsat 9 experienced a Solar Array Drive Assembly potentiometer fault. The onboard fault response put both the Operational Land Imager sensor and the Thermal Infrared Sensor into safe mode. Additionally, the Thermal Infrared Sensor focal plane assembly was turned off, but the cryocooler remained on. On October 20, 2025, the Solar Array Drive Assembly recovery commanding was successfully performed to put the spacecraft into nadir viewing mode. The following day, Operational Land Imager activation and recovery started, including focal plane assembly warmup. After reaching nominal operational temperatures and achieving thermal stability, science imaging resumed on October 23, 2025. Additional information about the Landsat 9 safehold anomaly is here: <a data-mce-href="https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-9-returns-normal-operations-following-brief-safehold" href="https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-9-returns-normal-operations-following-brief-safehold">https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-9-returns-normal-operations-following-brief-safehold</a>.</p></body></html>
application/pdf
10.3133/ofr20261014
en
U.S. Geological Survey
ECCOE Landsat quarterly calibration and validation report—Quarter 4, 2025
reports