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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Christina A. Neal</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Tom H. Knappenberger</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Deborah H. Needham</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Robert B. Harper</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>William P. Steele</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>David R. Sherrod</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>William E. Scott</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Peter H. Stauffer</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Carolyn L. Driedger</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2008</dc:date>
  <dc:description>The 2004 reawakening of Mount St. Helens quickly 
caught the attention of government agencies as well as the 
international news media and the public. Immediate concerns 
focused on a repeat of the catastrophic landslide and blast 
event of May 18, 1980, which remains a vivid memory for 
many individuals. Within several days of the onset of accelerating seismicity, media inquiries increased exponentially. 
Personnel at the U.S. Geological Survey, the Pacific Northwest 
Seismic Network, and the Gifford Pinchot National Forest 
soon handled hundreds of press inquiries and held several 
press briefings per day. About one week into the event, a 
Joint Information Center was established to help maintain a 
consistent hazard message and to provide a centralized information source about volcanic activity, hazards, area closures, 
and media briefings. Scientists, public-affairs specialists, and 
personnel from emergency-management, health, public-safety, 
and land-management agencies answered phones, helped in 
press briefings and interviews, and managed media access to 
colleagues working on science and safety issues. For scientists, in addition to managing the cycle of daily fieldwork, 
challenges included (1) balancing accurate interpretations of 
data under crisis conditions with the need to share information quickly, (2) articulating uncertainties for a variety of volcanic 
scenarios, (3) minimizing scientific jargon, and (4) frequently 
updating and effectively distributing talking points. Success 
of hazard information management during a volcanic crisis 
depends largely on scientists’ clarity of communication and 
thorough preplanning among interagency partners. All parties 
must commit to after-action evaluation and improvement of 
communication plans, incorporating lessons learned during 
each event.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.3133/pp175024</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>U.S. Geological Survey</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Hazard information management during the autumn 2004 reawakening of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington</dc:title>
  <dc:type>reports</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>