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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Timothy P. Brabets</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Edward H. Moran</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2005</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The headwaters of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;are located&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;near&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;the village of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Anaktuvuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Pass&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in the central Brooks Range of interior&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Alaska&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. With the recent construction of a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-supply system and a wastewater-treatment plant, most homes in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Anaktuvuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Pass&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;now have modern&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and wastewater systems. The effluent from the treatment plant discharges into a settling pond&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;near&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;a tributary of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. The headwaters of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;are adjacent to Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is a designated Wild&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Due to the concern about possible&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;quality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;effects from the wastewater effluent, the hydrology of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;near&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Anaktuvuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Pass&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;was studied from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;through&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Three streams form the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;at&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Anaktuvuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Pass&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;: Contact Creek, Giant Creek, and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;River&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Tributary. These streams drain areas of 90.3 km (super 2) , 120 km (super 2) , and 4.6 km (super 2) , respectively.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;Water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;quality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;data collected from these streams from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-03 indicate that the waters are a calcium-bicarbonate type and that Giant Creek adds a sulfate component to the John River. The highest concentrations of bicarbonate, calcium, sodium, sulfate, and nitrate were found at the John River Tributary below the wastewater-treatment lagoon. These concentrations have little effect on the water quality of the John River because the flow of the John River Tributary is only about 2 percent of the John River flow. To better understand the ground-water/surface-water interactions of the upper John River, a numerical groundwater-flow model of the headwater area of the John River was constructed. Processes that occur during spring break-up, such as thawing of the active layer and the frost table and the resulting changes of storage capacity of the aquifer, were difficult to measure and simulate. Application and accuracy of the model is limited by the lack of specific hydrogeologic data both spatially and temporally. However, during the mid-winter and open-water periods, the model provided acceptable results and was coupled with a particle-movement model to simulate the movement and possible extent of conservative particles from the wastewater-treatment-plant lagoon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.3133/sir20055229</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Geosciences Institute</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Water quality and ground-water/surface-water interactions along the John River near Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, 2002-2003</dc:title>
  <dc:type>reports</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>