Temperature
Links
- Document: Report (940 KB pdf) , HTML , XML
- Related Work: Techniques and Methods 9-A0 - General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”
- Project Site: National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (NFM)
- Superseded Publications:
- Download citation as: RIS | Dublin Core
Abstract
The “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (NFM) provides guidelines and procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation’s surface-water and groundwater resources. This chapter, NFM A6.1, provides guidance and protocols for the measurement of temperature of air, of a surface-water body or in groundwater, which include the scientific basis of the measurement, selection and maintenance of equipment, calibration verification, troubleshooting, and procedures for measurement and reporting. It updates and supersedes USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chapter A6.1, version 2.0, by Franceska D. Wilde.
Temperature of air and water is routinely measured when water samples are collected, is often measured continually at USGS streamgages, and is a parameter regularly measured during laboratory and field experiments. The field method for measuring temperature described in this chapter is applicable to air and most natural waters.
Before 2017, the NFM chapters were released in the USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations series. Effective in 2018, new and revised NFM chapters are being released in the USGS Techniques and Methods series; this series change does not affect the content and format of the NFM. More information is in the general introduction to the NFM (USGS Techniques and Methods, book 9, chapter A0) at https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A0. The authoritative current versions of NFM chapters are available in the USGS Publications Warehouse at https://pubs.usgs.gov/. Comments, questions, and suggestions related to the NFM can be addressed to nfm@usgs.gov.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Geological Survey, 2024, Temperature: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 9, chap. A6.1, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A6.1. [Supersedes USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A6.1, version 2.0.]
ISSN: 2328-7055 (online)
Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1.0 Introduction
- 2.0 Equipment and Supplies
- 3.0 Calibration Verification of Temperature Sensors
- 4.0 Measurement
- 5.0 Troubleshooting
- 6.0 Reporting
- Acknowledgements
- Selected References
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | Temperature |
| Series title | Techniques and Methods |
| Series number | 9-A6.1 |
| DOI | 10.3133/tm9A6.1 |
| Year Published | 2024 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Publisher location | Reston, VA |
| Contributing office(s) | WMA - Observing Systems Division |
| Description | v, 14 p. |
| Online Only (Y/N) | Y |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |