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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Angela S. Crain</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2001</dc:date>
  <dc:description>Loads and yields of suspended solids,&#13;
nutrients, major ions, trace elements, organic&#13;
carbon, fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen, and&#13;
alkalinity were estimated for 22 streams in&#13;
11 major river basins in Kentucky. Mean daily&#13;
discharge was estimated at ungaged stations or&#13;
stations with incomplete discharge records&#13;
using drainage-area ratio, regression analysis, or&#13;
a combination of the two techniques.&#13;
Streamflow was partitioned into total and base&#13;
flow and used to estimate loads and yields for&#13;
suspended solids and water-quality constituents&#13;
by use of the ESTIMATOR and FLUX&#13;
computer programs. The relative magnitude of&#13;
constituent transport to streams from groundand&#13;
surface-water sources was determined for&#13;
the 22 stations. Nutrient and suspended solids&#13;
yields for drainage basins with relatively&#13;
homogenous land use were used to estimate the&#13;
total-flow and base-flow yields of nutrient and&#13;
suspended solids for forested, agricultural, and&#13;
urban land.&#13;
Yields of nutrients?nitrite plus nitrate,&#13;
ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and total&#13;
phosphorus?in forested drainage basins were&#13;
generally less than 1 ton per square mile per&#13;
year ((ton/mi2)/yr) and were generally less than&#13;
2 (ton/mi2)/yr in agricultural drainage basins.&#13;
The smallest total-flow yields for nitrogen&#13;
(nitrite plus nitrate) was estimated at Levisa&#13;
Fork at Paintsville in which 95 percent of the&#13;
land is forested. This site also had one of the&#13;
smallest total-flow yields for ammonia plus&#13;
organic nitrogen. In general, nutrient yields&#13;
from forested lands were lower than those from&#13;
urban and agricultural land.&#13;
Some of the largest estimated total-flow&#13;
yields of nutrients among agricultural basins&#13;
were for streams in the Licking River Basin, the&#13;
North Fork Licking River near Milford, and the&#13;
South Fork Licking River at Cynthiana.&#13;
Agricultural land constitutes greater than&#13;
75 percent of the drainage area in these two&#13;
basins. Possible sources of nutrients discharging&#13;
into the Licking River are farm and residential&#13;
fertilizers. Estimated base-flow yields of&#13;
suspended solids and nutrients at several basins&#13;
in the larger Green River and Lower&#13;
Cumberland River Basins were about half of&#13;
their estimated total-flow yields. The karst&#13;
terrain in these basins makes the ground water&#13;
highly susceptible to contamination, especially&#13;
if a confining unit is thin or absent.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.3133/wri014075</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>U.S. Geological Survey</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Estimated loads and yields of suspended solids and water-quality constituents in Kentucky streams</dc:title>
  <dc:type>reports</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>