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Groundwater from 16 monitoring wells installed in basins in southern New Jersey was compared to the quality of shallow groundwater from 30 wells in areas of new-urban land use. Basin groundwater contained much lower levels of dissolved oxygen, which affected concentrations of major ions. Patterns of volatile organic compound and pesticide occurrence in basin groundwater reflected the land use in the drainage areas served by the basins, and differed from patterns in background samples, exhibiting a greater occurrence of petroleum hydrocarbons and certain pesticides. Dilution effects and volatilization likely decrease the concentration and detection frequency of certain compounds commonly found in background groundwater. 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"129","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e0e4b0c8380cd51894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, D.","contributorId":92218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51978,"text":"wri20034207 - 2003 - Evaluation of Streamflow, Water Quality, and Permitted and Nonpermitted Loads and Yields in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, Water Years 1991-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wri20034207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4207","title":"Evaluation of Streamflow, Water Quality, and Permitted and Nonpermitted Loads and Yields in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, Water Years 1991-98","docAbstract":"Seventeen water-quality constituents were analyzed in samples collected from 21 surface-water sampling sites in the Raritan River Basin during water years 1991-97. Loads were computed for seven constituents. Thirteen constituents have associated instream water-quality standards that are used as reference levels when evaluating the data. Nine of the 13 constituents did not meet water-quality reference levels in all samples at all sites. The constituents that most commonly failed to meet the water-quality reference levels in the 801 samples analyzed were total phosphorus (greater than 0.1 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in 32 percent of samples), fecal coliform bacteria (greater than 400 counts/100 milliliters in 29 percent), hardness (less than 50 mg/L in 21 percent), pH (greater than 8.5 or less than 6.5 in 17 percent), and water temperature in designated trout waters (greater than 20 degrees Celsius in 12 percent of samples). Concentrations of chloride, total dissolved solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and sulfate did not exceed water-quality reference levels in any sample. Results from previous studies on pesticides and volatile organic compounds in streamwater during 1996-98, and organic compounds and trace elements in sediments during 1976-93, were summarized for this study. Concentrations of pesticides in some samples exceeded the relevant standards. \r\n\r\nWater-quality data varied significantly as season and streamflow changed. Concentrations or values of 12 constituents were significantly higher in the growing season than in the nongrowing season at 1 to 21 sites, and concentrations of 6 constituents were significantly higher in the nongrowing season at 1 to 21 sites. Concentrations or values of seven constituents decreased significantly with increased streamflow, indicating a more significant contribution from base flow or permitted sources than from runoff. Concentrations or values of four constituents increased with increased flow, indicating a more significant contribution from runoff than from base flow or permitted sources. Phosphorus concentrations increased with flow at two sites with no point sources and decreased with flow at five sites with four or more permitted point sources. Concentrations of five constituents did not vary significantly with changes in streamflow at any of the sites. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of constituents differed significantly between sites. The sites with the most desirable values for the most constituents were Mulhockaway Creek, Spruce Run, Millstone River at Manalapan, Manalapan Brook, and Lamington River at Pottersville. The sites with the least desirable values for the most constituents were Millstone River at Blackwells Mills, Matchaponix Brook, Raritan River at Bound Brook, Neshanic River, and Millstone River at Grovers Mill. \r\n\r\nThe total instream loads of seven constituents - total ammonia plus organic nitrogen (TKN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate plus nitrite (NO3+NO2), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus, and total suspended solids (TSS) - were analyzed at low, median, and high flows. The quantities of total instream load that originated from facilities with permits issued by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to discharge effluent to streams (permitted sources) and from other sources (nonpermitted sources) were estimated for each sampling site. TOC and TSS loads primarily were contributed by nonpermitted sources at all flows. BOD and TDS loads primarily were contributed by nonpermitted sources at median and high flows. At low flow, permitted sources contributed more than one-third of the TDS load at 10 sites and more than one-third of the BOD load at 3 sites. Permitted sources contributed more than one-third of the total phosphorus load at 15 and 14 sites at low and median flows, respectively. Permitted sources accounted for more than one-third of total instream load of NO3+NO2 at low- and median-flow conditions at nearly ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20034207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Water Supply Authority","usgsCitation":"Reiser, R.G., 2003, Evaluation of Streamflow, Water Quality, and Permitted and Nonpermitted Loads and Yields in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, Water Years 1991-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4207, xii, 210 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034207.","productDescription":"xii, 210 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1990-10-01","temporalEnd":"1997-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12679,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.16666666666667,40 ], [ -75.16666666666667,41 ], [ -74,41 ], [ -74,40 ], [ -75.16666666666667,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f8626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiser, Robert G. 0000-0001-5140-2745 rreiser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":4083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Robert","email":"rreiser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51977,"text":"wri20034000 - 2003 - Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System in 1992, and Simulated Effects of Projected Ground-Water Withdrawals in 2020 in the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20034000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4000","title":"Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System in 1992, and Simulated Effects of Projected Ground-Water Withdrawals in 2020 in the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"In 1992, ground-water withdrawals from the unconfined and confined aquifers in the New Jersey Coastal Plain totaled about 300 million gallons per day, and about 70 percent (200 million galllons per day) of this water was pumped from confined aquifers. The withdrawals have created large cones of depression in several Coastal Plain aquifers near populated areas, particularly in Camden and Ocean Counties. The continued decline of water levels in confined aquifers could cause saltwater intrusion, reduction of stream discharge near the outcrop areas of these aquifers, and depletion of the ground-water supply. Because of this, withdrawals from wells located within these critical areas have been reduced in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, the Englishtown aquifer system, and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer. \r\n\r\nA computer-based model that simulates freshwater and saltwater flow was used to simulate transient ground-water flow conditions and the location of the freshwater-saltwater interface during 1989-92 in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. This simulation was used as the baseline for comparison of water levels and flow budgets. Four hypothetical withdrawal scenarios were simulated in which ground-water withdrawals were either increased or decreased. In scenario 1, withdrawals from wells located within critical area 2 in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system were reduced by amounts ranging from 0 to 35 percent of withdrawals prior to 1992. Critical area 2 is mainly located in Camden County, and most of Burlington and Gloucester Counties. With the reductions, water levels recovered about 30 feet in the regional cone of depression centered in Camden County in the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer and by 20 ft in the Lower and Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers. \r\n\r\nIn scenarios 2 to 4, withdrawals projected for 2020 were input to the model. In scenario 2, withdrawal restrictions within the critical areas were imposed in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, the Englishtown aquifer system, and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, but withdrawals were increased outside the critical areas to the projected 2020 demand. With withdrawals restrictions in critical areas, water levels recovered about 20 feet at the center of the regional cone of depression in the Upper Potomac-Raritan Magothy aquifer. Water levels recovered by about 20 feet at the center of a regional cone of depression in the Englishtown aquifer system in Ocean County, and by about 20 feet in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in the same area. In scenario 3, withdrawals were increased to the projected 2020 demand inside and outside the critical areas. As a result, water levels declined as much as 20 feet at the center of a regional cone of depression in the Englishtown aquifer system in Ocean County, and as much as 10 feet in the Wenonah-Mounty Laurel aquifer near this area. The Englishtown aquifer system and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer are particularly sensitive to increases and decreases in withdrawals because in certain areas the transmissivities of these aquifers are lower than the transmissivities of other confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, and because these aquifers are hydraulically connected. Simulated water levels declined by as much as 10 ft at the center of the regional cone of depression in Atlantic County. In scenario 4, withdrawal amounts were equal to that in scenario 2, except an additional 13.2 million gallons per day was withdrawn from hypothetical wells located outside the critical areas in the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, Englishtown aquifer system, and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer. The additional withdrawals resulted in increased leakage from overlying aquifers to the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and subsequently to the Englishtown aquifer system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20034000","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Gordon, A.D., 2003, Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System in 1992, and Simulated Effects of Projected Ground-Water Withdrawals in 2020 in the New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4000, vii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034000.","productDescription":"vii, 61 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4000/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,41.416666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,41.416666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48f3e4b07f02db55aa1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, Alison D. 0000-0002-9502-8633 agordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-8633","contributorId":890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Alison","email":"agordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56954,"text":"wri20034259 - 2003 - Review of Selected References and Data sets on Ambient Ground- and Surface-Water Quality in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek Basins, New Jersey, 1980-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wri20034259","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4259","title":"Review of Selected References and Data sets on Ambient Ground- and Surface-Water Quality in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek Basins, New Jersey, 1980-2001","docAbstract":"Surface water and ground water from unconfined aquifers are the primary sources of drinking water for much of the population, about 391,000, in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek watersheds in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. The quality of these sources of drinking water is a concern because they are vulnerable to contamination. Indications of the occurrence, distribution, and likely sources and transport mechanisms of certain contaminants were obtained from 48 selected reports and 2 selected data sets on water quality in or near the watersheds (1980-2001). These indications are described and briefly summarized in this report.\r\n\r\nThe findings of studies on ground-water quality indicate that shallow ground water within the study area generally meets primary drinking-water standards, with notable exceptions. Volatile organic compounds, mercury, arsenic, radionuclides, nitrate, and coliform bacteria have been detected in shallow ground water in some areas at levels that exceed Federal and State drinking-water standards. For example, results of analyses of untreated samples collected from more than 13,000 private wells during 1983-99 indicated that concentrations of volatile organic compounds in samples from 7.3 percent of the wells exceeded at least 1 of 11 drinking-water standards, according to records maintained by the Ocean County Health Department. In cases of exceedances, however, water treatment, well replacement, and (or) retesting assured that applicable drinking-water standards were being met at the tap. Reported concentrations of the pesticide chlordane in some areas exceeded the drinking-water standard; few data are available on the occurrence of other pesticides. Studies of nearby areas, however, indicate that pesticide concentrations generally could be expected to be below drinking-water standards. The combination of low pH and low dissolved solids in many areas results in shallow ground water that is highly corrosive and, if untreated, able to leach trace elements and release asbestos fibers from plumbing materials. \r\n\r\nReported concentrations of nitrate, volatile organic compounds, trace elements, and pesticides in samples from the monitored mainstem and tributary streams within the study area generally are below maximum contaminant levels for drinking water or below detection limits. Results of studies in other areas indicate that pesticide concentrations in surface water could be considerably higher during high flows soon after the application of pesticides to crops than during low flows. Fecal coliform bacteria counts in streams vary considerably. Concentrations or counts of these classes of surface-water-quality constituents likely are functions of the intensity and type of upstream development. Results of limited monitoring for radionuclide concentrations reported by the Brick Township Municipal Utilities Authority of the Metedeconk River indicate that radionuclide concentrations or activities do not exceed maximum contaminant levels for drinking water. As a consequence of organic matter in surface water, the formati ultraviolet absorbance in samples from the Metedeconk River and the Toms River exceeded the alternative compliance criteria for source water (2.0 milligrams per liter for total organic carbon and 0.02 absorbance units-liters per milligram-centimeter for specific ultraviolet absorbance) with respect to treatment requirements for preventing elevated concentrations of disinfection by-products in treated water.\r\n\r\nWater-quality and treatment issues associated with use of ground and surface water for potable supply in the study area are related to human activities and naturally occurring factors. Additional monitoring and analysis of ground and surface water would be needed to determine conclusively the occurrence and distribution of some contaminants and the relative importance of various potential contaminant sources, transport and attenuation mechanisms, and transport pathways.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20034259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, R.S., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., and Cauller, S.J., 2003, Review of Selected References and Data sets on Ambient Ground- and Surface-Water Quality in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek Basins, New Jersey, 1980-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4259, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034259.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12148,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.58333333333333,39.833333333333336 ], [ -74.58333333333333,40.25 ], [ -74,40.25 ], [ -74,39.833333333333336 ], [ -74.58333333333333,39.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6041ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cauller, Stephen J. 0000-0002-1823-8813 sjcaulle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-8813","contributorId":3641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cauller","given":"Stephen","email":"sjcaulle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":255978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39798,"text":"wri014197 - 2002 - Ground-water levels and potentiometric surfaces, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-29T20:07:15.166296","indexId":"wri014197","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4197","title":"Ground-water levels and potentiometric surfaces, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2000","docAbstract":"Water levels were measured in wells at the decommissioned Naval Air Warfare Center in West Trenton, N.J., during 2000. Water-level hydrographs prepared from data collected at seven observation wells on the base show changes caused by seasonal and daily climate conditions and by the pumping of contaminated water from recovery wells. Stressed and unstressed potentiometric surfaces for 2000 are similar in shape to those during 1995–99, but are not as deep. The greatest differences between the potentiometric surfaces in 2000 and those in 1995–99 were caused by turning off sump pumps in NAWC buildings when the base was closed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., 2002, Ground-water levels and potentiometric surfaces, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2000 (Version 1.1: August 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4197, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014197.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4197/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":67678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4197/wri20014197.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4197"},{"id":356945,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4197/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.04 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Warfare Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.8167,\n 40.2667\n ],\n [\n -74.8083,\n 40.2667\n ],\n [\n -74.8083,\n 40.275\n ],\n [\n -74.8167,\n 40.275\n ],\n [\n -74.8167,\n 40.2667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: August 2018","contact":"Director, New Jersey Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike
Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
A network of seven observation wells that transmit ground-water-level data on a real-time basis through satellite telemetry is operating (started May 2001) in New Jersey through a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The water-level data from these observation wells are transmitted every 4 hours and then are immediately posted for viewing on the Internet. This fact sheet describes the rationale for real-time monitoring of ground-water levels, the design of the network, and the equipment used to measure water levels and transmit the data to the Internet. Instructions for viewing the data are included.
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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov/
Residents of the southern New Jersey Coastal Plain are increasingly reliant on the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system for public water supply as a result of increasing population and restrictions on withdrawals from the deeper, confined aquifers. Elevated nitrate concentrations above background levels have been found in wells in the surficial aquifer system in agricultural and urban parts of this area. A three-dimensional steady-state ground-water-flow model of a 400-square-mile study area near Glassboro, New Jersey, was used in conjunction with particle tracking to examine the effects of land use and travel time on the distribution of nitrate in ground and surface water in southern New Jersey. Contributing areas and ground-water ages, or travel times, of water at ground-water discharge points (streams and wells) in the study area were simulated. Concentrations of nitrate were computed by linking land use and age-dependent nitrate concentrations in recharge to the discharge points. Median concentrations of nitrate in water samples collected during 1996 from shallow monitoring wells in different land-use areas were used to represent the concentration of nitrate in aquifer recharge since 1990. On the basis of upward trends in the use of nitrogen fertilizer, the concentrations of nitrate in aquifer recharge in agricultural and urban areas were assumed to have increased linearly from the background value in 1940 (0.07 mg/L as N) to the 1990 (2.5-14 mg/L as N) concentrations. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the simulation results to measured nitrate concentrations and apparent ground-water ages. Apparent ground-water ages at 32 monitoring wells in the study area determined from tritium/helium-3 ratios and sulfur hexafluoride concentrations favorably matched simulated travel times to these wells. Simulated nitrate concentrations were comparable to concentrations measured in 27 water-supply wells in the study area. A time series (1987-98) of nitrate concentrations at base-flow conditions in three streams that drain basins of various sizes and with various land uses was compared to simulated concentrations in these streams. In all three of the streams, a reasonable fit to the measured concentrations was achieved by multiplying the simulated concentration by 0.6. Because nitrate appeared to move conservatively (not degraded or adsorbed) in ground water to wells, the apparent non-conservative behavior in streams indicates that about 40 percent of the nitrate in aquifer recharge is removed by denitrification in the aquifer near the streams and (or) by in-stream processes. The model was used to evaluate the effects of various nitrate management options on the concentration of nitrate in streams and water-supply wells. Nitrate concentrations were simulated under the following management alternatives: an immediate ban on nitrate input, reduction of input at a constant rate, and fixed input at the current (2000) level. The time required for water to move through the aquifer results in a time lag between the reduction of nitrate input in recharge and the reduction of nitrate concentration in streams and wells. In the gradual-reduction alternative, nitrate concentrations in streams and wells continued to increase for several years after the reduction was enacted. In both the immediate-ban and gradual-reduction alternatives, nitrate concentrations remained elevated above background concentrations long after nitrate input ceased. In the fixed-use alternative, concentrations in streams and wells continued to increase for 30 to 40 years before reaching a constant level. The spatial distributions of simulated nitrate concentrations in streams in 2000 and 2050 were examined with the assumption of no change in land use, nitrate concentration in recharge, or ground-water withdrawals. As expected, nitrate concentrations were highest in agricultural areas and lowest in largely undeveloped areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014117","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, L.J., Baehr, A.L., Ayers, M.A., and Stackelberg, P.E., 2001, Effects of land use and travel time on the distribution of nitrate in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4117, vii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014117.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11816,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.5 ], [ -76,40.5 ], [ -73.5,40.5 ], [ -73.5,38.5 ], [ -76,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30983,"text":"wri20004230 - 2001 - Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri20004230","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4230","title":"Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water","docAbstract":"Water from 265 domestic wells that tap the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey contained concentrations of mercury that are equal to or exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 2 ug/L (micrograms per liter). The wells range in depth from 50 to 200 feet, and are located in 32 discrete, mostly residential, areas that were developed primarily on former agricultural land during the 1950?s through the 1970?s. Concentrations in two other areas exceeded 1 ug/L. Naturally occurring mercury concentrations in ground water from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system typically are less than 0.01 ug/L, but concentrations in water from some wells were as much as 42 ug/L. No evidence currently exists that conclusively links known point sources such as landfills, industrial operations, or commercial enterprises to most of the elevated concentrations of mercury in ground water in the residential areas. Possible sources of the mercury include pesticides and atmospheric deposition. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of water from wells in 6 of the 34 areas for other constituents indicates that nitrate concentrations also commonly are elevated above background levels (which typically are undetectable at 0.01 milligrams per liter), and exceed the MCL of 10 milligrams per liter in some samples. Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including chloroform, also have been measured in water from wells at many of the 34 sites. Analytical results for water samples collected at several depths from boreholes at 2 of the 34 sites indicate elevated concentrations of calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, nitrate, and chloride, which may be related to both agricultural chemical applications and septic-system effluent. Determinations of tritium and helium concentrations indicate that water containing elevated concentrations of mercury recharged the aquifer between 9.4 and 79 years ago, which includes the period during which many of the 34 sites were undergoing a change from agricultural or undeveloped to residential land use. \r\n\r\nBatch equilibrium experiments were used to measure adsorption of dissolved mercury, mercuric chloride, and phenylmercuric acetate by aquifer sediments at pH 3.5-4.0, 4.5-5.0, and 5.5-6.0. In nearly all cases, 55 to 95 percent of the mercury added to the sediments was adsorbed. Mercury mobilization from aquifer sediments inoculated with mercury was investigated by leaching the sediments with two concentrations of nitric acid (a component of acid rain), a sodium chloride solution (simulating road salt), and three fertilizer solutions. A solution of 20-20-20 (nitrogenphosphorous-potassium) fertilizer removed virtually all of the mercury with which the sediments had been inoculated. The sodium chloride solution was moderately effective in removing applied mercury from the sediments, as was a solution of nitric acid. A more dilute nitric acid solution and two sodium nitrate fertilizer solutions were less effective. \r\n\r\nResults of these experiments indicate that mercury adsorbs to aquifer sediments, but that varying amounts can be removed by infiltrating solutions, some of which can be related to specific land uses. Land-use history at the 34 sites generally indicates a change from agricultural or undeveloped settings to residential settings. Whatever the source of mercury to these sites, a change in the geochemical environment of the soil and aquifer brought about by land-use change probably provides mechanisms for mobilizing the mercury from soils and sediments to ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection ","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., and MacLeod, C., 2001, Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4230, vii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004230.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11707,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, Cecilia L.","contributorId":62250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Cecilia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30977,"text":"wri014229 - 2001 - Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Maurice River area: Maurice and Cohansey River Basins, New Jersey, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T21:58:16.854563","indexId":"wri014229","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4229","title":"Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Maurice River area: Maurice and Cohansey River Basins, New Jersey, 1994-95","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014229","usgsCitation":"Charles, E.G., Storck, D.A., and Clawges, R.M., 2001, Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system, Maurice River area: Maurice and Cohansey River Basins, New Jersey, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4229, 5 Plates: 34.36 × 45.75 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014229.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 34.36 × 45.75 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395414,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49781.htm"},{"id":272658,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4229/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":272657,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4229/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":272654,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4229/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":272656,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4229/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":272655,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4229/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":159986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4229/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.375,\n 39.1833\n ],\n [\n -74.8667,\n 39.1833\n ],\n [\n -74.8667,\n 39.7278\n ],\n [\n -75.375,\n 39.7278\n ],\n [\n -75.375,\n 39.1833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storck, Donald A. dstorck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"Donald","email":"dstorck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clawges, Rick M.","contributorId":71583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214409,"text":"70214409 - 2001 - Frequently co‐occurring pesticides and volatile organic compounds in public supply and monitoring wells, southern New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T18:57:39.20074","indexId":"70214409","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-25T13:46:10","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequently co‐occurring pesticides and volatile organic compounds in public supply and monitoring wells, southern New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"One or more pesticides were detected with one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in more than 95% of samples collected from 30 public supply and 95 monitoring wells screened in the unconsolidated surficial aquifer system of southern New Jersey, USA. Overall, more than 140,000 and more than 3,000 unique combinations of pesticides with VOCs were detected in two or more samples from the supply and monitoring wells, respectively. More than 400 of these combinations were detected in 20% or more of the samples from the supply wells, whereas only 17 were detected in 20% or more of the samples from the monitoring wells. Although many constituent combinations detected in water from the supply and monitoring wells are similar, differences in constituent combinations also were found and can be attributed, in part, to differences in the characteristics of these two well types. The monitoring wells sampled during this study yield water that typically was recharged beneath a single land‐use setting during a recent, discrete time interval and that flowed along relatively short paths to the wells. Public supply wells, in contrast, yield large volumes of water and typically have contributing areas that are orders of magnitude larger than those of the monitoring wells. These large contributing areas generally encompass multiple land uses; moreover, because flow paths that originate in these areas vary in length, these wells typically yield water that was recharged over a large temporal interval. Water withdrawn from public supply wells, therefore, contains a mixture of waters of different ages that were recharged beneath various land‐use settings. Because public supply wells intercept water flowing along longer paths with longer residence times and integrate waters from a larger source area than those associated with monitoring wells, they are more likely to yield water that contains constituents that were used in greater quantities in the past, that were introduced from point sources, and/or that are derived from the degradation of parent compounds along extended flow paths.
Particulates that move with ground water and those that are artificially mobilized during well purging could be incorporated into water samples during collection and could cause trace-element concentrations to vary in unfiltered samples, and possibly in filtered samples (typically 0.45-um (micron) pore size) as well, depending on the particle-size fractions present. Therefore, measured concentrations may not be representative of those in the aquifer. Ground water may contain particles of various sizes and shapes that are broadly classified as colloids, which do not settle from water, and particulates, which do. In order to investigate variations in trace-element concentrations in ground-water samples as a function of particle concentrations and particle-size fractions, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, collected samples from five wells completed in the unconfined, oxic Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Samples were collected by purging with a portable pump at low flow (0.2-0.5 liters per minute and minimal drawdown, ideally less than 0.5 foot). Unfiltered samples were collected in the following sequence: (1) within the first few minutes of pumping, (2) after initial turbidity declined and about one to two casing volumes of water had been purged, and (3) after turbidity values had stabilized at less than 1 to 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units. Filtered samples were split concurrently through (1) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter, (2) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter and a 0.0029-um pore size tangential-flow filter in sequence, and (3), in selected cases, a 0.45-um and a 0.05-um pore size capsule filter in sequence. Filtered samples were collected concurrently with the unfiltered sample that was collected when turbidity values stabilized. Quality-assurance samples consisted of sequential duplicates (about 25 percent) and equipment blanks. Concentrations of particles were determined by light scattering.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground","conferenceDate":"November 1-2, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Newton, MA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.456922","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Oden, J., Gibs, J., Rice, D., and Ding, Y., 2001, Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4575, Newton, MA, November 1-2, 2001, p. 42-61, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456922.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.28955078125,\n 40.53258931069554\n ],\n [\n -74.41314697265625,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -74.8004150390625,\n 40.18516846826054\n ],\n [\n -75.07507324218749,\n 39.97922477476731\n ],\n [\n -75.14923095703125,\n 39.8992015115692\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 39.857046423130654\n ],\n [\n -75.399169921875,\n 39.838068180000015\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 39.65011210186371\n ],\n [\n -75.5474853515625,\n 39.480725519034394\n ],\n [\n -75.15472412109375,\n 39.20033381963202\n ],\n [\n -74.97344970703124,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -74.893798828125,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.9380483825641\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 39.41497702499074\n ],\n [\n -74.05334472656249,\n 39.787433886224406\n ],\n [\n -73.948974609375,\n 40.44276659332215\n ],\n [\n -74.014892578125,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -74.28955078125,\n 40.53258931069554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4575","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc153e4b08c986b32a510","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","contributorId":128453,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jensen J LBurggraf L W","id":536502,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oden, J.H. 0000-0002-6473-1553","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-1553","contributorId":76401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, D.E.","contributorId":44188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ding, Y.","contributorId":96871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":44875,"text":"wri20014180 - 2001 - Simulated Effects of Alternative Pumping Strategies on Ground-Water-Flow Patterns and Areas Contributing Recharge to Selected Wells near Kenvil, Morris County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"wri20014180","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4180","title":"Simulated Effects of Alternative Pumping Strategies on Ground-Water-Flow Patterns and Areas Contributing Recharge to Selected Wells near Kenvil, Morris County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Ground-water-flow patterns and areas contributing recharge to supply wells change in response to new or altered pumping stresses. An understanding of these potential changes is essential for the effective evaluation of possible future water-supply alternatives, especially if the supply wells may be vulnerable to contamination from the land surface. Demand for water from a valley-fill and carbonate-rock aquifer system in the study area near Kenvil in Morris County, New Jersey, is expected to increase as the population of communities grows in and near the area. As withdrawals increase and new supplies are developed over time, ground-water-flow patterns and areas contributing recharge to supply wells in the area are expected to change. \r\n\r\nFlow patterns and areas contributing recharge to selected supply wells in the aquifer system in the study area, under a variety of hypothetical withdrawal conditions, were evaluated by use of numerical modeling techniques. Under the four alternative scenarios evaluated, withdrawals from selected wells are increased by a total of 1.3 to 2.4 million gallons per day, or 32 to 56 percent over the recent (1991-95) total withdrawals from the study area. The scenarios were incorporated in simulations of ground-water flow that were conducted by use of a previously developed three-dimensional numerical model. \r\n\r\nFlow-path comparisons indicate that ground-water-flow patterns change in response to changes in pumping rates and (or) new pumping stresses. Under the scenarios represented in the simulations, water levels (hydraulic heads) in the study area decline from 0 to as much as 63 ft. Under most of the scenarios evaluated, downward leakage of ground water increases and upward discharge to streams decreases. In some scenarios, supply wells intercept additional local flow, whereas in other scenarios additional regional flow is intercepted. Areas contributing recharge to wells also change or develop. Changes in flow patterns and in the location, size, and shape of areas contributing recharge to supply wells depend on the location and magnitude of the change in withdrawal stress and on other hydrogeologic factors, such as the configuration of aquifer boundaries and differences in aquifer properties.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20014180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Morris County Municipal Utilities Authority","usgsCitation":"Spitz, F.J., and Nicholson, R.S., 2001, Simulated Effects of Alternative Pumping Strategies on Ground-Water-Flow Patterns and Areas Contributing Recharge to Selected Wells near Kenvil, Morris County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4180, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014180.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11706,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.91666666666667,40.666666666666664 ], [ -74.91666666666667,41 ], [ -74.5,41 ], [ -74.5,40.666666666666664 ], [ -74.91666666666667,40.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b8e4b07f02db5ccd39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spitz, Frederick J. 0000-0002-1391-2127 fspitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-2127","contributorId":2777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fspitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005924,"text":"wdrNJ993 - 2000 - Water Resources Data - New Jersey, Water Year 1999, Volume 3, Water-Quality Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"wdrNJ993","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-99-3","title":"Water Resources Data - New Jersey, Water Year 1999, Volume 3, Water-Quality Data","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1999 water year for New Jersey are presented in three volumes, and consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 3 contains a summary of surface and ground water hydrologic conditions for the 1999 water year, a listing of current water-resource projects in New Jersey, a bibliography of water-related reports, articles, and fact sheets for New Jersey completed by the Geological Survey in recent years, water-quality records of chemical analyses from 133 surface-water stations, 46 miscellaneous surface-water sites, 30 ground-water stations, 41 miscellaneous ground-water sites, and records of daily statistics of temperature and other physical measurements from 17 continuous-monitoring stations. Locations of water-quality stations are shown in figures 11 and 17-20. Locations of miscellaneous water-quality sites are shown in figures 29-32 and 34. These data represent the part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ993","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"DeLuca, M., Romanok, K., Riskin, M., Mattes, G., Thomas, A., and Gray, B., 2000, Water Resources Data - New Jersey, Water Year 1999, Volume 3, Water-Quality Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-99-3, xii, 517 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ993.","productDescription":"xii, 517 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_NJ_99_3.gif"},{"id":101706,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1999/nj-99-3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.5,40.666666666666664 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.5,40.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLuca, M.J.","contributorId":7663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLuca","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanok, K.M.","contributorId":55900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riskin, M.L.","contributorId":33384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riskin","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattes, G.L.","contributorId":85544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattes","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thomas, A.M.","contributorId":47735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gray, B.J.","contributorId":100331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206025,"text":"70206025 - 2000 - Analysis of persistent organic pollutants in the Newark Bay Estuary, New Jersey, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T10:52:01","indexId":"70206025","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T10:44:59","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2959,"text":"Organohalogen Compounds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of persistent organic pollutants in the Newark Bay Estuary, New Jersey, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Environmental Agency","issn":"1026-4892","usgsCitation":"Thal, D.I., Mills, S.A., Wilson, T.P., and Bonin, J., 2000, Analysis of persistent organic pollutants in the Newark Bay Estuary, New Jersey, U.S.A.: Organohalogen Compounds, v. 45, p. 74-77.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Newark Bay Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.13711547851562,\n 40.73997376331186\n ],\n [\n -74.19479370117188,\n 40.665014570215\n ],\n [\n -74.19204711914062,\n 40.63375667842965\n ],\n [\n -74.0753173828125,\n 40.63167229840464\n ],\n [\n -74.07119750976562,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -74.10827636718749,\n 40.65459689980922\n ],\n [\n -74.09042358398438,\n 40.71916022743469\n ],\n [\n -74.13711547851562,\n 40.73997376331186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thal, D. I.","contributorId":219847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thal","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, S. A.","contributorId":219848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":773342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022615,"text":"70022615 - 2000 - Change in field turbidity and trace element concentrations during well purging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T16:33:43.228146","indexId":"70022615","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change in field turbidity and trace element concentrations during well purging","docAbstract":"Various physical and chemical properties were monitored sequentially in the field during well purging as indicators of stabilization of the composition of the water in the well. Turbidity was monitored on site during purging of oxic water from three wells with screened intervals open to an unconfined aquifer system in the Coastal Plain of southern New Jersey to determine if stabilization of turbidity is a reliable indicator of the optimum purge time required to collect unbiased trace element samples. Concurrent split (one filtered, one unfiltered) samples collected during purging of the wells were analyzed for concentrations of trace elements so that the relationships between trace element concentrations and turbidity could be compared.
Turbidity correlated with the whole water recoverable (WWR) concentration of trace element species, such as iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) in the oxic ground water. Turbidity appeared to be independent of other field-measured characteristics of water such as conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. The WWR concentration of lead and copper, considered to be hydrophobic, correlated significantly with the sum of the WWR concentration of Fe, Al, and Mn. High values of field-measured turbidity were a key indicator of an overestimate of ambient hydrophobic trace element WWR concentrations. Stabilization of turbidity was a better indicator of stable, unfiltered trace element concentrations than were the other commonly measured field characteristics. At one well, turbidity was a better indicator of stable, filtered trace element concentrations than the other commonly measured field characteristics. As analytical methods for trace elements improve resulting in smaller MRLs (method reporting levels) and better precision, turbidity of ground water at values of less than 10 NTU (nepheiometric turbidity units) will become important in interpreting the significance of both unfiltered and filtered sample results.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00250.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gibs, J., Szabo, Z., Ivahnenko, T., and Wilde, F., 2000, Change in field turbidity and trace element concentrations during well purging: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 4, p. 577-588, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00250.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"588","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -73.828125,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -73.828125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 39.01918369029134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f401e4b0c8380cd4baa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivahnenko, T.","contributorId":20495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilde, F.D.","contributorId":50933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4187,"text":"cir1201 - 2000 - Water quality in the Long Island-New Jersey coastal drainages, New York and New Jersey, 1996–98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T19:08:21.474726","indexId":"cir1201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1201","title":"Water quality in the Long Island-New Jersey coastal drainages, New York and New Jersey, 1996–98","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1201","usgsCitation":"Ayers, M.A., Kennen, J., and Stackelberg, P.E., 2000, Water quality in the Long Island-New Jersey coastal drainages, New York and New Jersey, 1996–98: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1201, iv, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1201.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1201.jpg"},{"id":394677,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34809.htm"},{"id":71,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island - New Jersey coastal drainages","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 38.90385833966778\n ],\n [\n -72.125244140625,\n 38.90385833966778\n ],\n [\n -72.125244140625,\n 41.15797827873605\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 41.15797827873605\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 38.90385833966778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22418,"text":"ofr99257 - 2000 - Use of Low-Flow Trend and Transfer-Function Models to Determine Relation of Low Flows to Regional Urbanization and Precipitation, Rahway River Basin, New Jersey, 1940-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr99257","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-257","title":"Use of Low-Flow Trend and Transfer-Function Models to Determine Relation of Low Flows to Regional Urbanization and Precipitation, Rahway River Basin, New Jersey, 1940-91","docAbstract":"The Rahway River Basin in northern New Jersey has become heavily urbanized. The importance of the Rahway River as a water-supply source for the region led to an investigation of trends in the river's low-flow characteristics over time and their relation to regional urbanization and precipitation. Since 1950, low flows at a stream-gaging station near Springfield, N.J., increasingly have tended to exceed those at a station at Rahway. Polynomial-trend models for three measures of low-flow difference between the two stations during 1940-91 show trends in all three measures, indicating that they have changed significantly in level during the study period. Transfer-function models indicate that differences in low flows between the two gaging stations are significantly related to measures of basin urbanization and regional precipitation. A rough water budget for the inter-gage part of the basin confirms these results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99257","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T.H., Reiser, R.G., and Price, C.V., 2000, Use of Low-Flow Trend and Transfer-Function Models to Determine Relation of Low Flows to Regional Urbanization and Precipitation, Rahway River Basin, New Jersey, 1940-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-257, v, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99257.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"1991-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12644,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.66666666666667,40.416666666666664 ], [ -74.66666666666667,40.833333333333336 ], [ -73.75,40.833333333333336 ], [ -73.75,40.416666666666664 ], [ -74.66666666666667,40.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60518a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas H.","contributorId":42252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, Robert G. 0000-0001-5140-2745 rreiser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":4083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Robert","email":"rreiser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005239,"text":"wdrNJ981 - 1999 - Water Resources Data: New Jersey, Water Year 1998, Volume 1, Surface-Water Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T09:39:52","indexId":"wdrNJ981","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-98-1","title":"Water Resources Data: New Jersey, Water Year 1998, Volume 1, Surface-Water Data","docAbstract":"This volume of the annual hydrologic data report of New Jersey is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and water quality provide the hydrologic information needed by state, local and federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ981","collaboration":"Prepared in coooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Reed, T., Centinaro, G., Dudek, J., Corcino, V., Stekroadt, G., and McTigure, R., 1999, Water Resources Data: New Jersey, Water Year 1998, Volume 1, Surface-Water Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-98-1, xx, 281 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ981.","productDescription":"xx, 281 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_nj_98_1.gif"},{"id":91777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1998/nj-98-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd32b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, T.J. 0000-0002-9943-4081","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-4081","contributorId":15224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Centinaro, G.L.","contributorId":61892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centinaro","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudek, J.F.","contributorId":31818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudek","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corcino, V.","contributorId":28653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corcino","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stekroadt, G.C.","contributorId":106249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stekroadt","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McTigure, R.C.","contributorId":104203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McTigure","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":29323,"text":"wri994154 - 1999 - Relation of pesticide concentrations to season, streamflow, and land use in seven New Jersey streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri994154","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4154","title":"Relation of pesticide concentrations to season, streamflow, and land use in seven New Jersey streams","docAbstract":"The presence and variability of pesticides in seven New Jersey streams was documented by analyzing 146 samples collected from the streams from April 1996 through June 1998. The samples were analyzed for 85 pesticides, including 50 herbicides, 28 insecticides, and 7 degradation products, at method detection limits that ranged from 0.001 to 0.018 μg/L (micrograms per liter). Pesticides were frequently detected; however, concentrations were generally low. The pesticides most frequently detected were atrazine, in 97 percent of the samples; prometon, 96 percent; metolachlor, 95 percent; desethyl-atrazine, 91 percent; simazine, 88 percent; diazinon, 58 percent; alachlor, 56 percent; and carbaryl, 54 percent. Detection frequencies were highest during the growing season (April-September). At least one pesticide was detected in all but one of these samples, and 49 percent of the samples contained 9 or more pesticides. The numbers of pesticides detected at a given site ranged from 13 to 29.\n\nTen pesticides were detected at concentrations that exceeded established water-quality criteria. Thirty-one of these detections were in samples collected during the growing season and one during the nongrowing season. The pesticides that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level for drinking water were atrazine, which exceeded 3 μg/L in four samples, and alachlor, 2 μg/L in two samples. Cyanazine exceeded the USEPA liftime health advisory level (HAL) of 1 μg/L in two samples. These eight detections occurred during runoff shortly after spring pesticide applications and represent a potential threat to municipal water supplies in the Raritan River basin. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos, chlorthalonil, diazinon, ethyl-parathion, and methyl-azinphos exceeded the chronic life criteria for the protection of aquatic life (ACQR) in 20 samples at four sites during the growing season. Dieldrin was detected in four samples and DDE in two samples at concentrations that exceeded New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) human health criteria. \n\nIndividual and total-pesticide concentrations and total numbers of pesticides detected in the samples varied with season and flow conditions. Median and maximum concentrations of most of the pesticides were highest during runoff in the growing season. Pesticide concentrations were typically lower and less variable in the nongrowing season than in the growing season, regardless of changes in hydrologic conditions; however, median concentrations of most pesticides were slightly lower during runoff than during base flow. The median total-pesticide concentration and median total number of pesticides detected were highest and most variable in runoff samples in the growing season. In the nongrowing season, the median total-pesticide concentration was lowest in runoff samples and least variable during base-flow conditions. Median total numbers of pesticides were lowest and least varibale in the nongrowing season during base-flow conditions at most sites. \n\nThe highest total-pesticide concentrations were detected in samples from the two small agricultural basins (greater than 25 percent of land use is agricultural) during runoff in late spring and early summer. In general, insecticides were detected more frequently and in greater concentrations at urban sites. Concentrations of agricultural herbicides generally decreased with increasing flow at the four sites with less than 10 percent agriculture land use and increased with increasing flow at the three sites with more than 25 percent agricultural land use. Most of the pesticides that correlated positively with streamflow were detected at sites where land use in the basin would indicate the use of those particular pesticides. Most of the pesticides that correlated negatively with streamflow were present at the site in the Coastal Plain or at sites in which the land use in the basin would not indicate heavy u","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994154","usgsCitation":"Reiser, R.G., 1999, Relation of pesticide concentrations to season, streamflow, and land use in seven New Jersey streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4154, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994154.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4154.gif"},{"id":24437,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey;New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.58333333333333,38.81666666666667 ], [ -75.58333333333333,41.416666666666664 ], [ -71.45,41.416666666666664 ], [ -71.45,38.81666666666667 ], [ -75.58333333333333,38.81666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiser, Robert G. 0000-0001-5140-2745 rreiser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":4083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Robert","email":"rreiser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29183,"text":"wri984216 - 1999 - Simulation of ground-water flow and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the New Jersey coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"wri984216","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4216","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the New Jersey coastal plain","docAbstract":"The confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain are sands that range in thickness from 50 to 600 feet and are separated by confining units. The confining units are composed of silts and clays that range in thickness from 500 to 1,000 feet. The aquifers are recharged by precipitation on their outcrop areas. This water then flows laterally downdip and vertically to the deeper confined aquifers. The confined aquifers ultimately discharge to the Raritan and Delaware Bays and to the Atlantic Ocean. \r\n\r\nIn 1988, ground-water withdrawals from confined and unconfined New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers were approximately 345 million gallons per day, more than 75 percent of which was pumped from the confined aquifers. These withdrawals have created large cones of depression in several Coastal Plain aquifers near populated areas, particularly in Camden and Monmouth Counties. The continued decline of water levels in confined aquifers can cause saltwater intrusion, reduce stream discharge near the outcrop areas, and threaten the quality of the ground-water supply. \r\n\r\nSHARP, a quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference computer model that can simulate freshwater and saltwater flow, was used to simulate the ground-water flow system in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, including the location and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in nine aquifers and eight intervening confining units. The freshwater-saltwater interface is defined as the hypothetical line seaward of which the chloride concentration is equal to or greater than 10,000 milligrams per liter. Model simulations were used to estimate the location and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface resulting from (1) eustatic sea-level changes over the past 84,000 years, (2) ground-water withdrawals from 1896 through 1988, (3) and future ground-water withdrawals from 1988 to 2040 from Coastal Plain aquifers. Simultion results showed that the location and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface are more dependent on the historical sea level than on the stresses imposed on the flow system by ground-water withdrawals from the Coastal Plain aquifers from 1896 to 1988. \r\n\r\nResults of a predictive simulation in which pumpage from existing wells was increased by 30 percent indicate that additional withdrawals from each of the eight confined aquifers in the Coastal Plain would broaden and deepen the existing cones of depression and result in significant drawdowns from the 1988 potentiometric surfaces. Drawdowns of 30 feet were simulated at the center of the cone of depression in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers in Camden and Ocean Counties. Simulated drawdowns exceeded 80 feet at the center of the cone of depression in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel and Englishtown aquifers in Monmouth County. Drawdowns of 30 feet were simulated in the lower Kirkwood-Cohansey and confined Kirkwood aquifers in Cape May County. Simulation results showed that the increase in ground-water withdrawals would result in only minimal movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface by 2040, despite large drawdowns.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984216","usgsCitation":"Pope, D.A., and Gordon, A.D., 1999, Simulation of ground-water flow and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the New Jersey coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4216, ix, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984216.","productDescription":"ix, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4216.gif"},{"id":24407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.75,38.583333333333336 ], [ -75.75,40.916666666666664 ], [ -72,40.916666666666664 ], [ -72,38.583333333333336 ], [ -75.75,38.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49aee4b07f02db5c7f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, Alison D. 0000-0002-9502-8633 agordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-8633","contributorId":890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Alison","email":"agordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}