Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 21 surface-water stations within the drainage area of the Raritan River Basin for water years 1976-93. Surface-water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and between constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall’s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows.
Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes through time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) or constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. Highand low-flow trends in concentrations were determined for some constituents at 13 of the 21 water-quality stations; 8 stations have insufficient data to determine trends. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 16 of the 18 constituents. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of the dilution of instream concentrations by storm runoff.
The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent sources (storm runoff). Greater slope values indicate larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations increase in the downstream direction for alkalinity at North Branch Raritan and Millstone Rivers, for some or all of the nutrient species at South Branch and North Branch Raritan Rivers, for hardness at South Branch Raritan River, for dissolved solids at North Branch Raritan River, for dissolved sodium at Lamington River, and for suspended sediment and dissolved oxygen at Millstone River. Likewise, the slopes of load-tostreamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and ground-water discharge. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations decrease in the downstream direction for dissolved solids at Raritan and Millstone Rivers; for dissolved sodium, dissolved chloride, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and total ammonia at South Branch Raritan, Raritan, and Millstone Rivers; for dissolved oxygen at North Branch Raritan and Lamington Rivers; for total nitrite at Lamington, Raritan, and Millstone Rivers; for total boron at South Branch Raritan and Millstone Rivers; for total organic carbon at North Branch Raritan River; for suspended sediment and total nitrogen at Raritan River; and for hardness, total phosphorus, and total lead at Millstone River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994045","usgsCitation":"Buxton, D.E., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., and Hickman, R.E., 1999, Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Raritan River basin, New Jersey, water years 1976-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4045, Report: ix, 101 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994045.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 101 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55274,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":328520,"rank":301,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4045/appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Raritan River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -74.256591796875,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -74.256591796875,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 40.22921818870117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26453,"text":"wri994016 - 1999 - Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Wallkill and upper Delaware River basins, New Jersey and vicinity, water years 1976-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T21:10:49.846895","indexId":"wri994016","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4016","title":"Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Wallkill and upper Delaware River basins, New Jersey and vicinity, water years 1976-93","docAbstract":"Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 18 surface-water stations within the drainage basins of the Wallkill and upper Delaware Rivers in New Jersey and vicinity for water years 1976-93. Surface-water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and between constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall’s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows.
Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes through time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) or constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. Highand low-flow trends in concentrations were determined for some constituents at 15 of the 18 water-quality stations; 3 stations have insufficient data to determine trends. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 16 of the 18 constituents. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of the dilution of instream concentrations by storm runoff.
The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent (storm runoff) sources. Greater slope values indicate larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations for several nutrients and dissolved ions increase in the downstream direction at the Wallkill River, Paulins Kill, and Musconetcong River. Likewise, the slopes of load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and groundwater discharge. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations for several dissolved ions decrease in the downstream direction at the Delaware River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri994016","usgsCitation":"Buxton, D.E., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., and Hickman, R.E., 1999, Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Wallkill and upper Delaware River basins, New Jersey and vicinity, water years 1976-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4016, Report: ix, 98 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994016.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 98 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406887,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19321.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":328519,"rank":102,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4016/appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":328518,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/wri99-4016/pdf/wrir99-4016.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/wri99-4016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Wallkill River basin, Upper Delaware RIver basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.77844238281249,\n 40.21873275657034\n ],\n [\n -75.06134033203125,\n 40.419769381446194\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -75.18218994140625,\n 40.77638178482896\n ],\n [\n -75.05035400390625,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -75.14923095703125,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.92950439453125,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 41.27367811566259\n ],\n [\n -74.78668212890625,\n 41.32938883149375\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 41.35825713137813\n ],\n [\n -74.3280029296875,\n 41.19105625669688\n ],\n [\n -74.77844238281249,\n 40.21873275657034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6348be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27801,"text":"wri984244 - 1999 - Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Atlantic Coastal, lower Delaware River, and Delaware Bay basins, New Jersey, water years 1976-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:30:45.859601","indexId":"wri984244","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4244","title":"Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Atlantic Coastal, lower Delaware River, and Delaware Bay basins, New Jersey, water years 1976-93","docAbstract":"Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 28 surface-water-quality stations within the drainage area of the Atlantic Coastal, lower Delaware River, and Delaware Bay Basins for water years 1976-93. Surface-water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and between constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall\\'s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows. Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes through time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) and constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. High- and low-flow trends in concentrations were determined for some constituents at 26 of the 28 water-quality stations. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 10 constituents at 14 or more stations. Dissolved oxygen shows seasonal dependency at all stations. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of dilution of instream concentrations from storm runoff. The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent sources (storm runoff). Greater slope values indicate larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. Load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. Likewise, load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and ground-water discharge. The magnitudes of the load slopes for five constituents increase in the downstream direction along the Great Egg Harbor River, indicating an increased relative importance of storm runoff for these constituents along the river. The magnitudes of the load slopes for 11 constituents decrease in the downstream direction along the Assunpink Creek and for 5 constituents along the Maurice River, indicating a decreased relative importance of storm runoff for these constituents along the rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984244","usgsCitation":"Hunchak-Kariouk, K., Buxton, D.E., and Hickman, R.E., 1999, Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Atlantic Coastal, lower Delaware River, and Delaware Bay basins, New Jersey, water years 1976-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4244, Report: xii, 146 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984244.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 146 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1975-10-01","temporalEnd":"1993-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4244/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95671,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4244/pdf/wri98-4244.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":328180,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/wri984224/appendix/wri98-4244_appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.583,\n 38.937\n ],\n [\n -75.583,\n 40.402\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40.402\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 38.937\n ],\n [\n -75.583,\n 38.937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25680,"text":"wri994027 - 1999 - Nitrate, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides in ground water — A summary of selected studies from New Jersey and Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T20:44:37.411442","indexId":"wri994027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4027","title":"Nitrate, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides in ground water — A summary of selected studies from New Jersey and Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"This report describes the ground-water systems in the unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers of the Coastal Plain of New Jersey and Long Island and in the fractured bedrock and valley-fill aquifers of northern New Jersey; summarizes current knowledge about the occurrence and distribution of nitrate, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pesticides in these systems; and explains why some ground-water systems are more vulnerable to comtamination than others. Although the vulnerability of ground water to contamination from the land surface is influenced by many factors, the degree of aquifer confinement, the depth of the well, and the surrounding land use are key factors. Unconfined aquifers generally are much more vulnerable to contamination than confined aquifers. For a well in a confined aquifer, the farther the well is from the unconfined area, the less vulnerable it is to contamination. Generally, the deeper the well, the less vulnerable it is to contamination. Finally, because human activities greatly affect the quality of water that recharges an aquifer, the amount and type of land use in the area that contributes water to the well is a key factor in determining vulnerability. Nitrate contamination of ground water typically occurs in agricultural and residential areas, especially where the aquifer is very permeable and unconfined and nitrogen-fertilizer use is high. In New Jersey and on Long Island, concentrations of nitrate exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) more often than those of VOCs or pesticides. Nitrate contamination generally is associated with nonpoint sources. VOC contamination of ground water occurs primarily in urban areas, especially in mixed urban and industrial areas where chemicals are used. In general, VOC concentrations are low and do not exceed MCLs. High concentrations of VOCs generally are associated with point sources. Pesticide contamination of ground water occurs in some agricultural and residential areas, where the aquifer is very permeable and unconfined, and where the chemicals are used. Concentrations of pesticides in New Jersey and on Long Island generally are low; in agricultural areas of Long Island, however, some have been found to exceed MCLs. Pesticide contamination generally is associated with nonpoint sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994027","usgsCitation":"Clawges, R.M., Stackelberg, P.E., Ayers, M.A., and Vowinkel, E.F., 1999, Nitrate, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides in ground water — A summary of selected studies from New Jersey and Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4027, vii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994027.","productDescription":"vii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4027.gif"},{"id":91896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394337,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95551.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5597,\n 38.9267\n ],\n [\n -71.8489,\n 38.9267\n ],\n [\n -71.8489,\n 41.180\n ],\n [\n -75.5597,\n 41.180\n ],\n [\n -75.5597,\n 38.9267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clawges, Rick M.","contributorId":71583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vowinkel, Eric F.","contributorId":53788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26451,"text":"wri984049 - 1998 - Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Hackensack, Passaic, Elizabeth, and Rahway River basins, New Jersey, water years 1976-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-13T15:47:35","indexId":"wri984049","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4049","title":"Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Hackensack, Passaic, Elizabeth, and Rahway River basins, New Jersey, water years 1976-93","docAbstract":"Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 19 surface-water-quality stations within the drainage basins of the Hackensack, Passaic, Elizabeth, and Rahway Rivers in New Jersey for water years 1976-93. Surface-waterquality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall’s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows.
Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes over time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) or constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. Highand low-flow concentration trends were determined for some constituents at 11 of the 19 waterquality stations; 8 stations have insufficient data to determine trends. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 16 of the 18 constituents. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of dilution of instream concentrations from storm runoff.
The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent sources (storm runoff). Greater slope values suggest larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. Load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. Likewise, load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and ground-water discharge.
For most of the 18 constituents, load-to-streamflow relations at stations along a river reach remain constant or decrease in a downstream direction. The slopes increase in the downstream direction for some or all of the nutrient species at the Ramapo, lower Passaic, and Rahway Rivers; for dissolved solids, dissolved sodium, and dissolved chloride at the lower Passaic River; and for alkalinity and hardness at the Rahway River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984049","usgsCitation":"Buxton, D.E., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., and Hickman, R.E., 1998, Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Hackensack, Passaic, Elizabeth, and Rahway River basins, New Jersey, water years 1976-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4049, Report: x, 102 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984049.","productDescription":"Report: x, 102 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984049.PNG"},{"id":328516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":328517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4049/appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.27581787109375,\n 40.490826256468054\n ],\n [\n -73.90502929687499,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -74.43511962890624,\n 41.23857658460282\n ],\n [\n -74.86083984375,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -74.27581787109375,\n 40.490826256468054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6348a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206079,"text":"70206079 - 1998 - Evaluation of geologic radon potential in two regions in southwestern and southern Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T07:07:11","indexId":"70206079","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T10:57:27","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of geologic radon potential in two regions in southwestern and southern Poland","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe","conferenceDate":"September 15-17, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Warsaw, Poland","language":"English","publisher":"Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas","usgsCitation":"Strzelecki, R., Wolkowicz, S., Wolkowicz, W., Mamont-Ciesa, K., Mose, D., Szabo, Z., Ivahnenko, T.I., and Mushrush, G., 1998, Evaluation of geologic radon potential in two regions in southwestern and southern Poland, in International Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe, Warsaw, Poland, September 15-17, 1998, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Poland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[15.017,51.10667],[14.6071,51.74519],[14.68503,52.08995],[14.4376,52.62485],[14.07452,52.98126],[14.35332,53.24817],[14.11969,53.75703],[14.8029,54.05071],[16.36348,54.51316],[17.62283,54.85154],[18.62086,54.68261],[18.69625,54.43872],[19.66064,54.42608],[20.89224,54.31252],[22.7311,54.32754],[23.24399,54.22057],[23.48413,53.9125],[23.52754,53.47012],[23.80493,53.08973],[23.7992,52.6911],[23.19949,52.48698],[23.508,52.02365],[23.52707,51.57845],[24.02999,50.70541],[23.92276,50.42488],[23.42651,50.30851],[22.51845,49.47677],[22.77642,49.0274],[22.55814,49.08574],[21.60781,49.47011],[20.88796,49.32877],[20.41584,49.43145],[19.82502,49.21713],[19.32071,49.57157],[18.90957,49.43585],[18.85314,49.49623],[18.39291,49.98863],[17.64945,50.04904],[17.55457,50.36215],[16.86877,50.47397],[16.71948,50.21575],[16.17625,50.42261],[16.23863,50.69773],[15.49097,50.78473],[15.017,51.10667]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Poland\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strzelecki, Ryszard","contributorId":219881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strzelecki","given":"Ryszard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolkowicz, Stanislaw","contributorId":219882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolkowicz","given":"Stanislaw","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolkowicz, Wojciech","contributorId":219883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolkowicz","given":"Wojciech","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mamont-Ciesa, Kalina","contributorId":219884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mamont-Ciesa","given":"Kalina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mose, D.G.","contributorId":33461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mose","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara I. 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":2050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":773506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mushrush, G.W.","contributorId":92811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushrush","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":6885,"text":"fs09198 - 1998 - New Jersey Tide Telemetry System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T10:14:59","indexId":"fs09198","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"091-98","title":"New Jersey Tide Telemetry System","docAbstract":"Each summer the population of the barrier-island communities of New Jersey increases by tens of thousands. When a hurricane threatens these communities, the few bridges and causeways that connect the islands with the mainland become overcrowded, making evacuations from the barrier islands to the mainland difficult. Timely evacuation depends on well defined emergency evacuation plans used in conjunction with accurate flood forecasting and up to the minute (real-time) tide-level information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs09198","usgsCitation":"Summer, W.M., 1998, New Jersey Tide Telemetry System: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 091-98, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09198.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":923,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0091","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs09198.jpg"},{"id":328513,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.210876,39.865709],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.142421,39.886413],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.140006,39.888465],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.092481,39.974606],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.059994,39.991618],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.013796,40.020214],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.97432,40.048899],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.898573,40.072967],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.724134,40.14731],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.751943,40.183483],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.864692,40.290684],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.942954,40.341643],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.066402,40.536532],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.19487,40.578591],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190369,40.591642],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.196803,40.60858],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.09772,40.926679],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.120316,40.96263],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.120435,40.968302],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.967136,41.094441],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.641544,41.332879],[-74.607348,41.317774],[-74.499603,41.267344],[-74.457584,41.248225],[-74.378898,41.208994],[-74.365849,41.202999],[-74.320995,41.182394],[-74.301994,41.172594],[-74.234473,41.142883],[-74.21321,41.134192],[-74.18239,41.121595],[-74.096786,41.083796],[-74.092486,41.081896],[-74.041054,41.059088],[-74.041049,41.059086],[-73.91188,41.001297],[-73.907054,40.998476],[-73.90501,40.997591],[-73.90268,40.997297],[-73.893979,40.997197],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-73.90728,40.951498],[-73.91558,40.924898],[-73.91768,40.919498],[-73.917905,40.917577],[-73.918405,40.917477],[-73.919705,40.913478],[-73.926758,40.895355],[-73.929006,40.889578],[-73.933406,40.882078],[-73.933408,40.882075],[-73.938081,40.874699],[-73.948281,40.858399],[-73.953982,40.848],[-73.963182,40.8269],[-73.968082,40.8207],[-73.984822,40.797444],[-73.991568,40.788074],[-74.000223,40.77605],[-74.009184,40.763601],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-74.021117,40.727417],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.038538,40.710741],[-74.051185,40.695802],[-74.069885,40.684502],[-74.082786,40.673702],[-74.089986,40.659903],[-74.087397,40.653607],[-74.094086,40.649703],[-74.143387,40.641903],[-74.161397,40.644092],[-74.181083,40.646484],[-74.186027,40.646076],[-74.189106,40.643832],[-74.202223,40.631053],[-74.206731,40.594569],[-74.208988,40.576304],[-74.214788,40.560604],[-74.218189,40.557204],[-74.231589,40.559204],[-74.248641,40.549601],[-74.251441,40.542301],[-74.246237,40.520963],[-74.26829,40.499205],[-74.269998,40.495014],[-74.27269,40.488405],[-74.26759,40.471806],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-74.236689,40.457806],[-74.225035,40.453301],[-74.224047,40.452919],[-74.222959,40.452499],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-74.206188,40.440707],[-74.206419,40.438789],[-74.208655,40.43752],[-74.207205,40.435434],[-74.202128,40.43894],[-74.193908,40.440995],[-74.191309,40.44299],[-74.187787,40.447407],[-74.174787,40.455607],[-74.174893,40.454491],[-74.175074,40.449144],[-74.176842,40.44774],[-74.175346,40.446607],[-74.169977,40.45064],[-74.167009,40.448737],[-74.166193,40.447128],[-74.164029,40.448312],[-74.163314,40.448424],[-74.157787,40.446607],[-74.153611,40.447647],[-74.152686,40.447344],[-74.151952,40.448062],[-74.142886,40.450407],[-74.139886,40.453407],[-74.138415,40.454468],[-74.135823,40.455196],[-74.133727,40.454672],[-74.131135,40.453245],[-74.127466,40.451061],[-74.124692,40.44958],[-74.122327,40.448258],[-74.116863,40.446069],[-74.088085,40.438407],[-74.076185,40.433707],[-74.058984,40.422708],[-74.047884,40.418908],[-74.006383,40.411108],[-73.998505,40.410911],[-73.995486,40.419472],[-73.991682,40.442908],[-74.006077,40.464625],[-74.017783,40.472207],[-74.017917,40.474338],[-74.014031,40.476471],[-74.0071,40.475298],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-73.976982,40.408508],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-73.971381,40.34801],[-73.977442,40.299373],[-73.981681,40.279411],[-73.993292,40.237669],[-74.016017,40.166914],[-74.030181,40.122814],[-74.03408,40.103115],[-74.031861,40.101047],[-74.031318,40.100541],[-74.033546,40.099518],[-74.039421,40.081437],[-74.058798,40.001244],[-74.064135,39.979157],[-74.077247,39.910991],[-74.090945,39.799978],[-74.097071,39.767847],[-74.096906,39.76303],[-74.09892,39.759538],[-74.101443,39.756173],[-74.113655,39.740719],[-74.141733,39.689435],[-74.190974,39.625118],[-74.240506,39.554911],[-74.249043,39.547994],[-74.27737,39.514064],[-74.291585,39.507705],[-74.311037,39.506715],[-74.312451,39.499869],[-74.313689,39.493874],[-74.308344,39.483945],[-74.304778,39.482945],[-74.302184,39.478935],[-74.304343,39.471445],[-74.334804,39.432001],[-74.36699,39.402017],[-74.406692,39.377516],[-74.406792,39.373916],[-74.408237,39.365071],[-74.412692,39.360816],[-74.459894,39.345016],[-74.521797,39.313816],[-74.541443,39.300245],[-74.551151,39.293539],[-74.553439,39.286915],[-74.560957,39.278677],[-74.581008,39.270819],[-74.597921,39.258851],[-74.614481,39.244659],[-74.636306,39.220834],[-74.646595,39.212002],[-74.651443,39.198578],[-74.67143,39.179802],[-74.714341,39.119804],[-74.71532,39.116893],[-74.714135,39.114631],[-74.704409,39.107858],[-74.705876,39.102937],[-74.738316,39.074727],[-74.778777,39.023073],[-74.786356,39.000113],[-74.792723,38.991991],[-74.807917,38.985948],[-74.819354,38.979402],[-74.850748,38.954538],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.865198,38.941439],[-74.870497,38.943543],[-74.882309,38.941759],[-74.90705,38.931994],[-74.920414,38.929136],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.963463,38.931194],[-74.967274,38.933413],[-74.971995,38.94037],[-74.955363,39.001262],[-74.94947,39.015637],[-74.93832,39.035185],[-74.903664,39.087437],[-74.897784,39.098811],[-74.892547,39.113183],[-74.885914,39.143627],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-74.914936,39.177553],[-74.962382,39.190238],[-74.976266,39.192271],[-74.998002,39.191253],[-75.026179,39.193621],[-75.028885,39.19456],[-75.027824,39.199482],[-75.023586,39.202594],[-75.023437,39.204791],[-75.026376,39.20985],[-75.035672,39.215415],[-75.041663,39.215511],[-75.047797,39.211702],[-75.052326,39.213609],[-75.062506,39.213564],[-75.086395,39.208159],[-75.101019,39.211657],[-75.107286,39.211403],[-75.114748,39.207554],[-75.12707,39.189766],[-75.136548,39.179425],[-75.139136,39.180021],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.164798,39.216606],[-75.170444,39.234643],[-75.177506,39.242746],[-75.205857,39.262619],[-75.21251,39.262755],[-75.241639,39.274097],[-75.244056,39.27769],[-75.242881,39.280574],[-75.244357,39.2857],[-75.251806,39.299913],[-75.271629,39.304041],[-75.28262,39.299055],[-75.285333,39.292212],[-75.288898,39.289557],[-75.30601,39.301712],[-75.315201,39.310593],[-75.326754,39.332473],[-75.327463,39.33927],[-75.333743,39.345335],[-75.341969,39.348697],[-75.355558,39.347823],[-75.365016,39.341388],[-75.39003,39.358259],[-75.394331,39.363753],[-75.395181,39.371398],[-75.399304,39.37949],[-75.407294,39.381954],[-75.422099,39.386521],[-75.431803,39.391625],[-75.442393,39.402291],[-75.465212,39.43893],[-75.476279,39.438126],[-75.483572,39.440824],[-75.505672,39.452927],[-75.508383,39.459131],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.544368,39.479602],[-75.542693,39.496568],[-75.528088,39.498114],[-75.527141,39.500112],[-75.529368,39.501229],[-75.53014,39.505373],[-75.529978,39.510817],[-75.526654,39.526638],[-75.526787,39.53144],[-75.527676,39.535278],[-75.531575,39.536825],[-75.534014,39.540702],[-75.532342,39.54328],[-75.526003,39.548488],[-75.519026,39.555401],[-75.514756,39.562612],[-75.511932,39.567616],[-75.512732,39.578],[-75.515228,39.580752],[-75.519628,39.583248],[-75.521596,39.583088],[-75.525677,39.584048],[-75.531133,39.587984],[-75.534477,39.590384],[-75.537213,39.592944],[-75.53954,39.594251],[-75.539949,39.594384],[-75.543965,39.596],[-75.545405,39.596784],[-75.553502,39.602],[-75.55587,39.605824],[-75.556734,39.606688],[-75.557502,39.609184],[-75.556878,39.612144],[-75.558446,39.617296],[-75.559614,39.624208],[-75.559102,39.629056],[-75.559446,39.629812],[-75.556246,39.634912],[-75.550645,39.637912],[-75.547197,39.640528],[-75.542045,39.646012],[-75.539245,39.646112],[-75.535144,39.647212],[-75.526744,39.655113],[-75.526844,39.655713],[-75.526344,39.656413],[-75.522343,39.660813],[-75.518343,39.663913],[-75.514643,39.668613],[-75.511743,39.674313],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.509742,39.686113],[-75.509042,39.694513],[-75.507162,39.696961],[-75.504042,39.698313],[-75.496241,39.701413],[-75.491341,39.711113],[-75.488553,39.714833],[-75.485241,39.715813],[-75.483141,39.715513],[-75.481741,39.714546],[-75.47894,39.713813],[-75.47764,39.715013],[-75.476888,39.718337],[-75.477432,39.720561],[-75.47724,39.724713],[-75.47544,39.728713],[-75.475384,39.731057],[-75.474168,39.735473],[-75.469239,39.743613],[-75.466263,39.750737],[-75.466249,39.750769],[-75.463039,39.758313],[-75.463339,39.761213],[-75.459439,39.765813],[-75.452339,39.769013],[-75.447339,39.773313],[-75.448135,39.773969],[-75.448639,39.774113],[-75.440909,39.780831],[-75.437938,39.783413],[-75.405337,39.796213],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.389764,39.815819],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.210876,39.865709]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov/
The timely warning of a flood is crucial to the protection of lives and property. One has only to recall the flood of August 2, 1973, in Somerset County, New Jersey, in which six lives were lost and major property damage occurred, to realize how unexpected and costly, especially in terms of human life, a flood can be. Accurate forecasts and warnings cannot be made, however, without detailed information about precipitation and streamflow in the drainage basin.
Recognizing the need for detailed hydrologic information for Somerset County, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Somerset County, installed the Somerset County Flood Information System (SCFIS) in 1990. The availability of data provided by this system will improve the flood forecasting ability of the National Weather Service (NWS), and has assisted Somerset County and municipal agencies in planning and execution of flood-preparation and emergency evacuation procedures in the county.
This fact sheet describes the Somerset County Flood Information System and identifies its benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs09098","usgsCitation":"Summer, W.M., 1998, Somerset County Flood Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 090-98, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09098.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34192,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":925,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0090/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Somerset County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-74.7276,40.7216],[-74.6191,40.7445],[-74.6027,40.749],[-74.5973,40.7495],[-74.5912,40.7509],[-74.5572,40.759],[-74.5554,40.7572],[-74.5536,40.7527],[-74.5518,40.7486],[-74.5487,40.7409],[-74.5499,40.7364],[-74.5487,40.7327],[-74.5408,40.7309],[-74.5354,40.7291],[-74.5317,40.7277],[-74.533,40.7246],[-74.5323,40.7223],[-74.5336,40.7205],[-74.533,40.7191],[-74.5305,40.7178],[-74.5269,40.7141],[-74.5257,40.7092],[-74.5202,40.7042],[-74.516,40.6992],[-74.5184,40.6888],[-74.5245,40.6878],[-74.5287,40.6847],[-74.5287,40.6783],[-74.5269,40.6747],[-74.5281,40.6706],[-74.5311,40.6683],[-74.5329,40.667],[-74.5323,40.6652],[-74.5299,40.6633],[-74.5287,40.6611],[-74.5281,40.6588],[-74.5275,40.6565],[-74.5263,40.6516],[-74.5214,40.6493],[-74.5154,40.6488],[-74.5105,40.6502],[-74.5075,40.6529],[-74.5057,40.6561],[-74.5044,40.6584],[-74.5026,40.6597],[-74.4972,40.6611],[-74.4953,40.662],[-74.4929,40.6629],[-74.4881,40.6647],[-74.4838,40.6652],[-74.479,40.6661],[-74.4729,40.6674],[-74.462,40.6711],[-74.4584,40.6665],[-74.4554,40.6579],[-74.4529,40.652],[-74.4287,40.6606],[-74.4196,40.6588],[-74.4063,40.6656],[-74.4051,40.6633],[-74.4057,40.6542],[-74.4087,40.6434],[-74.4154,40.6316],[-74.4318,40.6175],[-74.4512,40.6048],[-74.4578,40.6017],[-74.4687,40.5976],[-74.4772,40.5949],[-74.4857,40.5894],[-74.499,40.5853],[-74.5135,40.5799],[-74.5226,40.5731],[-74.5268,40.5631],[-74.525,40.5581],[-74.5244,40.5559],[-74.5171,40.5445],[-74.5117,40.5395],[-74.5008,40.5323],[-74.4936,40.5259],[-74.4857,40.5128],[-74.4821,40.5114],[-74.4627,40.5082],[-74.4603,40.501],[-74.4573,40.4942],[-74.4585,40.491],[-74.4658,40.4883],[-74.4778,40.4842],[-74.479,40.4837],[-74.4833,40.4815],[-74.4845,40.4801],[-74.4863,40.4783],[-74.4875,40.4769],[-74.4917,40.472],[-74.4954,40.4688],[-74.4978,40.467],[-74.5002,40.4656],[-74.5165,40.4538],[-74.5238,40.4479],[-74.5256,40.4466],[-74.5352,40.4389],[-74.5377,40.4379],[-74.5606,40.4252],[-74.5666,40.4243],[-74.5769,40.4221],[-74.5781,40.4216],[-74.5847,40.4184],[-74.586,40.4175],[-74.5913,40.3966],[-74.6046,40.3799],[-74.6058,40.3794],[-74.6131,40.3762],[-74.6149,40.3753],[-74.6167,40.3744],[-74.6209,40.3735],[-74.6209,40.3771],[-74.6215,40.3803],[-74.6227,40.3826],[-74.6245,40.3871],[-74.6505,40.3916],[-74.6578,40.3911],[-74.7199,40.3738],[-74.7229,40.3765],[-74.7277,40.3856],[-74.7314,40.3919],[-74.7362,40.4019],[-74.7381,40.4051],[-74.7466,40.4214],[-74.7484,40.4241],[-74.749,40.4264],[-74.7498,40.4272],[-74.7514,40.4304],[-74.7526,40.4323],[-74.7533,40.4332],[-74.7606,40.4463],[-74.763,40.4504],[-74.7654,40.4553],[-74.7685,40.4608],[-74.7697,40.4635],[-74.7727,40.4685],[-74.7739,40.4707],[-74.7758,40.4748],[-74.777,40.4766],[-74.777,40.4776],[-74.7782,40.4794],[-74.7794,40.4812],[-74.7806,40.4834],[-74.7812,40.4852],[-74.7825,40.4871],[-74.7831,40.488],[-74.7849,40.4911],[-74.7873,40.4966],[-74.7892,40.5002],[-74.7898,40.502],[-74.7977,40.5156],[-74.7965,40.5156],[-74.7959,40.5151],[-74.7953,40.5152],[-74.7941,40.5147],[-74.7923,40.5138],[-74.791,40.5138],[-74.7904,40.5133],[-74.7771,40.5048],[-74.7747,40.5043],[-74.7669,40.517],[-74.7645,40.5207],[-74.7633,40.5225],[-74.7554,40.5338],[-74.7494,40.5438],[-74.747,40.5475],[-74.7434,40.5529],[-74.7428,40.5534],[-74.7283,40.5593],[-74.7223,40.5679],[-74.7102,40.5829],[-74.7235,40.5883],[-74.7187,40.5983],[-74.7199,40.5988],[-74.7218,40.5997],[-74.7212,40.6015],[-74.7151,40.6096],[-74.7133,40.6119],[-74.7115,40.611],[-74.7091,40.611],[-74.7031,40.6196],[-74.7037,40.621],[-74.7061,40.6224],[-74.7103,40.626],[-74.7134,40.6319],[-74.7182,40.6323],[-74.7261,40.6346],[-74.7273,40.6377],[-74.7213,40.6423],[-74.7231,40.6464],[-74.7195,40.6509],[-74.7213,40.6563],[-74.7262,40.66],[-74.728,40.6636],[-74.728,40.665],[-74.7208,40.6727],[-74.7196,40.679],[-74.7172,40.6831],[-74.7166,40.6863],[-74.7202,40.6876],[-74.7227,40.6899],[-74.7215,40.694],[-74.716,40.6995],[-74.7154,40.7049],[-74.7179,40.7076],[-74.7209,40.7135],[-74.7234,40.7176],[-74.7276,40.7216]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Somerset\",\"state\":\"NJ\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov/
Properties of and pore-water solute chemistry in confining units in the New Jersey Coastal Plain were studied to determine whether leakage of solute-enriched pore water from confining units affects regional aquifer-water chemistry, which ultimately may result in aquifer waters with high sodium and bicarbonate concentrations. Pore-water samples collected from a continuously cored borehole in the lower Miocene Kirkwood Formation at Atlantic City, NJ, were analyzed: 15 samples were obtained from clay-silt confining-unit sediments, and four samples were from silt interbeds in the sand of the major confined aquifer in the region, the Atlantic City 800-ft sand. The samples were analyzed to assess interrelations among mineralogy, texture, fluidretention properties, sediment chemistry, and pore-water chemistry, and to document the scale of variation in these properties.
Linear regressions were developed to describe the relations of constituents dissolved in 14 pore-water samples collected from the lower confining unit overlying the Atlantic City 800-ft sand and from the silt interbeds in the upper sand unit of the Atlantic City 800-ft sand. The regressions were for concentrations of magnesium and calcium (m = 0.27, R2 = 0.99); concentrations of sodium and the sum of calcium and magnesium (m = 0.17, R2 = 0.92); concentrations of sulfate and the sum of calcium and magnesium (m = 1.14, R2 = 0.99); and concentrations of sodium and sulfate (m = 0.14, R2 = 0.89). The percentage of fine sand was greatest in the shallowest sampled interval, where pore-water concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate were greatest.
The pore-water samples were of three distinct water-quality types (hydrogeochemical facies): a calcium-sulfate type, a mixed calcium-sodium-sulfate-chloride-bicarbonate type, and a sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate-chloride type. The first two types were found only in the lower confining unit; the third type was found only in the composite confining unit underlying the Atlantic City 800-ft sand. Each of these hydrogeochemical facies generally is found within distinct intervals over a range of tens of feet in the core.
Krige estimates of pore-water–constituent variations with depth were made by using only the analytical results for the 14 samples from the lower confining unit overlying the Atlantic City 800-ft sand and the silt interbeds in the upper sand unit of the Atlantic City 800-ft sand. Geostatistical analysis of the pore-water–quality data generally resulted in two types of semivariograms. One semivariogram type best fits concentration trends with depth for calcium, magnesium, strontium, sodium, sulfate, and specific conductance; lithium and chloride may also fit this semivariogram type. The other semivariogram type best fits concentration trends with depth for silica, cation exchange capacity, and dissolved inorganic carbon. The scale of variation of the concentrations and properties is indicated by the maximum lag autocorrelation distance of the theoretical semivariograms (the range) and ranged from 44 to 110 ft (13.4–33.5 m). The scale of variation of pore-water major-ion concentrations of sulfate, chloride, calcium, and magnesium alone is on the order of 65–70 ft (19.8–21.3 m). The semivariograms for all pore-water constituents except silica have significant variance at the smallest lag distance, indicating that the constituent concentration varied over a larger scale than the sampling interval.
The dominant exchangeable cation in the sediment is calcium. Cation exchange reactions do not appear to be the dominant process in the sediments of the lower confining unit above the Atlantic City 800-ft sand, because a linear correlation exists between the concentration of sodium and the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations in the pore water; concentrations of all these constituents increase in the upward flow direction, and the ratio of sodium to chloride in the pore water is about 1.0.
Two significant principal components explained 82.5% of the total variation in pore-water solute chemistry. Principal component 1 represents about 53% of the variation in pore-water quality and includes calcium, magnesium, sulfate, strontium, and lithium. Coupled chemical processes in the confining units, such as incongruent dissolution of carbonate and other mineral phases or redox transformations of sulfur, likely explain the covariance of these constituents. Principal component 2 represents about 30% of the variation and includes sodium, dissolved inorganic carbon, and chloride. Covariance of sodium and chloride probably is caused by the presence of residual seawater.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Leg 150X-Scientific results: Island Beach, Atlantic City and Cape May sites, New Jersey coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Project","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.150X.321.1997","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A., Szabo, Z., and Owens, J., 1997, Variations in pore-water quality, mineralogy, and sedimentary texture of clay-silts in the lower Miocene Kirkwood Formation, Atlantic City, New Jersey, in Leg 150X-Scientific results: Island Beach, Atlantic City and Cape May sites, New Jersey coastal plain, p. 317-341, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.150X.321.1997.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"341","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Atlantic City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.94073486328125,\n 40.390488829277956\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 40.42813291388417\n ],\n [\n -75.27008056640625,\n 39.87391156801293\n ],\n [\n -75.58319091796875,\n 39.631076770083666\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ],\n [\n -74.080810546875,\n 39.57817336212527\n ],\n [\n -73.94073486328125,\n 40.390488829277956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, A. A.","contributorId":74410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pucci","given":"A. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, James P.","contributorId":9691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206081,"text":"70206081 - 1997 - Sr-isotopic evidence for leakage of pore water from clay-silt confining units to the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, Atlantic City, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:24:10","indexId":"70206081","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-31T11:16:07","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sr-isotopic evidence for leakage of pore water from clay-silt confining units to the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, Atlantic City, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The evolution of water quality in confined aquifers in the New Jersey Coastal Plain may be affected by leakage of pore water from the adjacent confining units. We investigated the distribution and sources of solutes, particularly Sr, in pore water mechanically extracted from clay-silt core samples collected from depths of 552–840 ft (168–256 m) in the lower Miocene Kirkwood Formation at Atlantic City, New Jersey (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 150X). The sampled sediments consist of thin clay-silt stringers in the upper part of the Atlantic City 800-ft sand, a major aquifer, and the massive clay-silt units above and below it. The distribution of Sr and the ratio of 87Sr to 86Sr in the pore water and adjacent shell material were used to identify the possible sources of, and physical processes that may affect the distribution of, Sr in the pore water. Concentrations of Sr in 14 pore-water samples from the clay-silt unit above the aquifer and the clay-silt interbeds in the upper part of the aquifer ranged from 2.74 to 28.19 µM/L; those in the four pore-water samples from the clay-silt unit below the aquifer ranged from 0.52 to 7.30 µM/L. Concentrations of Sr in the samples varied with depth but correlated strongly with pore-water concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, and SO4. Cation-exchange processes may be responsible, in part, for the lower concentrations of Sr, Ca, and Mg in pore water from the clay-silt unit below the aquifer than in that above the aquifer. 87Sr/86Sr values in 11 samples of aragonitic mollusk shells (bearing no visible evidence of recrystallization) collected from depths in the clay-silt unit similar to those from which the pore-water samples were collected ranged from 0.708468 to 0.708713 , and decreased (Sr in the shells was less radiogenic) with depth. This trend is consistent with the decrease in the 87Sr/86Sr value in seawater through time during the early Miocene. The 87Sr/86Sr values in 12 pore-water samples from the studied stratigraphic interval ranged from 0.708257 to 0.708527 and also decreased with depth. The Sr-isotope ratios in the pore water were lower than those in the shell material from nearby or adjacent sediments for all samples but one. Because the only known source of Sr with an isotope ratio this low is shell material from sediments deeper than the strata from which the pore-water samples were collected (including pre-Miocene stratigraphic units), the isotope ratio in the pore-water samples from the lower Miocene claysilt units may result from upward movement of pore water into lower Miocene strata through geologic time, which could create the observed difference in Sr isotope ratios between the pore water and shells.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; scientific results; New Jersey coastal plain; covering onshore boreholes as part of the New Jersey sea-level transect, Island Beach and Atlantic City sites, March-August 1993, Cape May site, March-April 1994","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.150X.322.1997","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Pucci, A.A., and Feigenson, M.D., 1997, Sr-isotopic evidence for leakage of pore water from clay-silt confining units to the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, Atlantic City, New Jersey, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; scientific results; New Jersey coastal plain; covering onshore boreholes as part of the New Jersey sea-level transect, Island Beach and Atlantic City sites, March-August 1993, Cape May site, March-April 1994, v. 150X, p. 343-354, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.150X.322.1997.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"354","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.150x.322.1997","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.28955078125,\n 40.53258931069554\n ],\n [\n -74.41314697265625,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -74.8004150390625,\n 40.18516846826054\n ],\n [\n -75.07507324218749,\n 39.97922477476731\n ],\n [\n -75.14923095703125,\n 39.8992015115692\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 39.857046423130654\n ],\n [\n -75.399169921875,\n 39.838068180000015\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 39.65011210186371\n ],\n [\n -75.5474853515625,\n 39.480725519034394\n ],\n [\n -75.15472412109375,\n 39.20033381963202\n ],\n [\n -74.97344970703124,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -74.893798828125,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.9380483825641\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 39.41497702499074\n ],\n [\n -74.05334472656249,\n 39.787433886224406\n ],\n [\n -73.948974609375,\n 40.44276659332215\n ],\n [\n -74.014892578125,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -74.28955078125,\n 40.53258931069554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150X","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pucci, A. A. Jr.","contributorId":100000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feigenson, Mark D.","contributorId":35198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073490,"text":"70073490 - 1997 - Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in microcosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T07:21:10","indexId":"70073490","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in microcosms","docAbstract":"Laboratory microcosms were used to determine the concentrations of oxygen (O2) and methane (CH4) that optimize trichloroethylene (TCE) biodegradation in sediment and ground-water samples from a TCE-contaminated aquifer at Picatinny Arsenal, Morris County, New Jersey. The mechanism for degradation is the cometabolic activity of methanotrophic bacteria. The laboratory data will be used to support a field study designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of combining air sparging with cometabolic degradation of TCE for the purpose of aquifer remediation. Microcosms were constructed in autoclaved 250-mL (milliliter) amber glass bottles with valves for repeated headspace sampling. Equal volumes (25 mL) of sediment and ground water, collected from a depth of 40 feet, were added. TCE was added to attain initial aqueous concentrations equal to the field level of 1,400 mu g/L (micrograms per liter). Nine microcosms were constructed with initial headspace O2 concentrations of 5%, 10%, or 14% and CH4 concentrations of 0.5%, 3%, or 5%, with nitrogen making up the balance. Sterile controls, controls without CH4, and controls without sediment were also constructed. A 4-mL gas sample was removed periodically and TCE, O2 , CH4 , and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were measured by using gas chromatography. As biodegradation proceeded, the decrease in O2, CH4 , and TCE concentrations and the production of CO2 were monitored. An initial acclimation period of at least 100 days was observed in those microcosms in which significant microbial activity occurred, as determined from decreases in O2 and CH4 concentrations and an increase in CO2 content. Degradation of TCE occurred with O2 concentrations of 2.7 to 8.7% and CH4 concentrations of 0.5 to 3.5%. Microcosms that initially contained 10% O2 and 3% CH4 showed the greatest microbial activity and the greatest amount of TCE degradation. The greatest rates of TCE degradation occurred when O2 and CH4 headspace concentrations reached levels of 7.7 to 8.7% and 1.7 to 2.7%, respectively, which correspond to aqueous concentrations of 2.9 to 3.5 mg/L and 0.4 to 0.6 mg/L, respectively. Over these ranges, TCE degradation rates ranged from 15 to 20 mu g of TCE per kilogram of sediment per day. Analysis of the control microcosms indicated that these TCE degradation rates are much greater than those attributable to experimental variation. The results indicate that the microbial community of the sediment is capable of TCE degradation and that significant rates of degradation can be achieved with obtainable O2 and CH4 concentrations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"In situ and on-site bioremediation: Papers from the Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, New Orleans, April 28-May 1, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 28-May 1, 1997","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Press","usgsCitation":"Kane, A., Wilson, T.P., and Fischer, J., 1997, Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in microcosms, in In situ and on-site bioremediation: Papers from the Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, New Orleans, April 28-May 1, 1997, v. 3, New Orleans, LA, April 28-May 1, 1997, p. 115-123.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 38.676933444637925\n ],\n [\n -73.487548828125,\n 38.676933444637925\n ],\n [\n -73.487548828125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 38.676933444637925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51dce4b0b290850f42ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Allen C.","contributorId":28164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Allen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72570,"text":"ofr96327 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, Sussex County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr96327","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-327","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, Sussex County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Flood magnitude and frequency values are presented for Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert at milepost 32.2 of New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, New Jersey. The values were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. A description of the drainage-basin characteristics also is included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 218 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96327","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-327, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96327.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_327.gif"},{"id":204864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-327/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex County","city":"Franklin Borough","otherGeospatial":"Franklin Pond","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.58416666666666,41.1 ], [ -74.58416666666666,41.13333333333333 ], [ -74.55,41.13333333333333 ], [ -74.55,41.1 ], [ -74.58416666666666,41.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f7e4b0c8380cd53e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72568,"text":"ofr96325 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and at the Conrail culvert downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr96325","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-325","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and at the Conrail culvert downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods at Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 at milepost 8.3 and at the Conrail culvert 0.21 miles downstream, in West Deptford Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. Flood-magnitude and -frequency estimates, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimates are 285 cubic feet per second at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and 345 cubic feet per second at the Conrail culvert.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96325","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and at the Conrail culvert downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-325, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96325.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_325.gif"},{"id":204862,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-325/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Gloucester County","city":"West Deptford Township","otherGeospatial":"Main Ditch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.21666666666667,39.8175 ], [ -75.21666666666667,39.85 ], [ -75.18333333333334,39.85 ], [ -75.18333333333334,39.8175 ], [ -75.21666666666667,39.8175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f9e4b0c8380cd53e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72569,"text":"ofr96326 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Mantual Creek at the culvert at milepost 7.8 on New Jersey Route 44, and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr96326","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-326","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Mantual Creek at the culvert at milepost 7.8 on New Jersey Route 44, and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods at Little Mantua Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 at milepost 7.8 and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, in West Deptford Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. Flood-magnitude and -frequency estimates, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimates are 249 cubic feet per second at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44, and 243 cubic feet per second at the Conrail culvert.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96326","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Mantual Creek at the culvert at milepost 7.8 on New Jersey Route 44, and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-326, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96326.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_326.gif"},{"id":204863,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Gloucester County","city":"West Deptford Township","otherGeospatial":"Little Manuta Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.2175,39.801111111111105 ], [ -75.2175,39.85 ], [ -75.16777777777779,39.85 ], [ -75.16777777777779,39.801111111111105 ], [ -75.2175,39.801111111111105 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f8e4b0c8380cd53e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72567,"text":"ofr96324 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Black Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94, Vernon Township, Sussex County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr96324","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-324","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Black Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94, Vernon Township, Sussex County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods at Black Creek tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94 at milepost 43.0 in Vernon Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. Estimates of flood magnitude and frequency calculated by the Special Report 38 method, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 261 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96324","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T.H., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Black Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94, Vernon Township, Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-324, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96324.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_324.gif"},{"id":112503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-324/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f5e4b0c8380cd53e85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, T. H.","contributorId":29468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72566,"text":"ofr96321 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Timber Creek at the culvert on Interstate Route 295, Haddon Heights Township, Camden County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr96321","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-321","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Timber Creek at the culvert on Interstate Route 295, Haddon Heights Township, Camden County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods at the Little Timber Creek at the culvert on Interstate 295, at milepost 28.9, in Haddon Heights Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. Flood-magnitude and -frequency estimates, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 770 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96321","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T.H., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Timber Creek at the culvert on Interstate Route 295, Haddon Heights Township, Camden County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-321, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96321.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_321.gif"},{"id":112502,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-321/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"New Jersey","county":"Camden","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f9e4b0c8380cd53e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, T. H.","contributorId":29468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006207,"text":"ofr96320 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Monongahela Brook at the culvert on New Jersey Route 41, Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr96320","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-320","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Monongahela Brook at the culvert on New Jersey Route 41, Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Monongahela Brook in Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, were determined by using the rational method. Flood-magnitude and -frequency estimates, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 80 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96320","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Monongahela Brook at the culvert on New Jersey Route 41, Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-320, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96320.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_320.gif"},{"id":111041,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-320/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Deptford Township","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.1,39.78333333333333 ], [ -75.1,39.80027777777777 ], [ -75.08333333333333,39.80027777777777 ], [ -75.08333333333333,39.78333333333333 ], [ -75.1,39.78333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10fae4b0c8380cd53e9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006206,"text":"ofr96319 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Jacks Run at the culvert on U.S. Route 206, Southampton Township, Burlington County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr96319","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T14:13:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-319","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Jacks Run at the culvert on U.S. Route 206, Southampton Township, Burlington County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Jacks Run at the culvert on U.S. Route 206, Southampton Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the rational method. Flood magnitude and frequency estimates, as well as basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 29 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Jacks Run at the culvert on U.S. Route 206, Southampton Township, Burlington County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-319, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96319.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_319.gif"},{"id":111040,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Southhampton Township","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,40 ], [ -75,39.5 ], [ -74.5,39.5 ], [ -74.5,40 ], [ -75,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f8e4b0c8380cd53e8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206061,"text":"70206061 - 1996 - Ground-water flow in the unconfined aquifer of the northern Barnegat Bay Watershed, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-18T17:05:29","indexId":"70206061","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T17:05:10","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water flow in the unconfined aquifer of the northern Barnegat Bay Watershed, New Jersey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Barnegat Bay Ecosystem Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Barnegat Bay Ecosystem Workshop","conferenceDate":"November 14, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Toms River, NJ","language":"English","publisher":"Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Ocean County","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, R.S., and Watt, M.K., 1996, Ground-water flow in the unconfined aquifer of the northern Barnegat Bay Watershed, New Jersey, in Proceedings of the Barnegat Bay Ecosystem Workshop, Toms River, NJ, November 14, 1996, p. 31-47.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.13162231445311,\n 39.95185892663005\n ],\n [\n -74.11514282226562,\n 39.945542175353026\n ],\n [\n -74.13436889648438,\n 39.93869836991711\n ],\n [\n -74.16183471679688,\n 39.948174225938324\n ],\n [\n -74.19273376464844,\n 39.9476478239225\n ],\n [\n -74.13780212402344,\n 39.93132735238237\n ],\n [\n -74.10621643066406,\n 39.93132735238237\n ],\n [\n -74.13162231445311,\n 39.89446035777916\n ],\n [\n -74.13436889648438,\n 39.85862770657272\n ],\n [\n -74.17556762695312,\n 39.80115102364283\n ],\n [\n -74.19410705566405,\n 39.75154536393759\n ],\n [\n -74.16732788085938,\n 39.71141252523694\n ],\n [\n -74.21676635742186,\n 39.66491373749128\n ],\n [\n -74.17831420898436,\n 39.65434146406167\n ],\n [\n -74.10346984863281,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -74.07806396484375,\n 39.93659244591381\n ],\n [\n -74.13162231445311,\n 39.95185892663005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205825,"text":"70205825 - 1996 - Use of a gaseous tracer to determine air-flow pathways in low-permeability aquifers during air-sparging tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T10:40:02","indexId":"70205825","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T12:40:29","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of a gaseous tracer to determine air-flow pathways in low-permeability aquifers during air-sparging tests","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Remediation Conference : November 13-15, 1996, Houston, Texas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Remediation Conference","conferenceDate":"November 13-15, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publishing Company","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., Wilson, T.P., and Kane, A., 1996, Use of a gaseous tracer to determine air-flow pathways in low-permeability aquifers during air-sparging tests, in Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Remediation Conference : November 13-15, 1996, Houston, Texas, Houston, TX, November 13-15, 1996, p. 601-618.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"618","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":187753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":772506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kane, A.C.","contributorId":70847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205974,"text":"70205974 - 1996 - Case study: Natural attenuation of a trichloroethene plume at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-14T10:22:22","indexId":"70205974","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T10:09:52","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Case study: Natural attenuation of a trichloroethene plume at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"EPA","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T.E., Ehlke, T.A., Wilson, B., and Wilson, J., 1996, Case study: Natural attenuation of a trichloroethene plume at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, p. 83-89.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=20012GPW.PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Picatinny Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.49623107910156,\n 40.99544751505735\n ],\n [\n -74.5199203491211,\n 40.99337446752447\n ],\n [\n -74.5865249633789,\n 40.9469729829084\n ],\n [\n -74.5920181274414,\n 40.92570553920497\n ],\n [\n -74.57725524902344,\n 40.91091803848203\n ],\n [\n -74.52644348144531,\n 40.94541706066315\n ],\n [\n -74.51339721679686,\n 40.95293701189724\n ],\n [\n -74.4927978515625,\n 40.99207877971285\n ],\n [\n -74.49623107910156,\n 40.99544751505735\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehlke, Theodore A.","contributorId":83523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlke","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Barbara H.","contributorId":219768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Barbara H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, John T.","contributorId":217913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"John T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22862,"text":"ofr95729 - 1996 - Reconnaissance of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface at Rutgers University, Busch Campus, Piscataway Township, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-26T08:16:26","indexId":"ofr95729","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-729","title":"Reconnaissance of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface at Rutgers University, Busch Campus, Piscataway Township, New Jersey","docAbstract":"During 1991-92, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a hydrogeologic reconnaissance at a site near the Rutgers University, Busch Campus, Chemical Engineering building, C-Wing. Results of analyses of the soil-gas samples, which were collected at 43 locations, indicated the presence of volatile organic compounds, primarily carbon tetrachloride, near the C-Wing building and about 550 feet downgradient from and southwest of the C-Wing building. Concentrations of the compound in soil-gas samples were highest (2.1 ug/L (micrograms per liter)) along the southwestern wall of the C-Wing building. Ground-water samples were collected at depths as great as 55 feet from five wells and piezometers near the C-Wing building. Samples collected along the southwestern wall of the building also contained the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of carbon tetrachloride in the ground-water samples ranged from < 0.35 ug/L to 3,400 ug/L, and concentrations of tetrachloro- ethylene ranged from < 0.28 ug/L to 85 ug/L. Ground-water samples collected at depths of 55 feet or more from two wells located on the Rutgers University Golf Course about 2,400 feet down- gradient from the C-Wing building contained concentrations of tetrachloroethylene as great as 17.7 ug/L. Water levels measured in six wells and six piezometers indicated that the general flow direction in the shallow part of the aquifer is to the southwest of the C-Wing building. An electrical-resistivity survey was conducted by azimuthal resistivity techniques. The results of the survey were consistent with field measurements, and the dominant vertical fractures near the Busch Campus trend northeast. An electromagnetic survey was ineffective as a result of cultural interferences and could not be used to determine the hydrogeologic characteristics of the site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95729","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"DePaul, V.T., 1996, Reconnaissance of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface at Rutgers University, Busch Campus, Piscataway Township, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-729, Report: v, 26 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95729.","productDescription":"Report: v, 26 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52279,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0729/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0729/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Middlesex County","city":"Piscataway","otherGeospatial":"Rutgers University","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-74.213,40.5993],[-74.213,40.5992],[-74.2125,40.5986],[-74.2125,40.5983],[-74.2115,40.5974],[-74.2114,40.5973],[-74.2096,40.5945],[-74.209,40.5943],[-74.2089,40.5942],[-74.2086,40.5941],[-74.2085,40.594],[-74.2083,40.5939],[-74.2072,40.5939],[-74.2064,40.5931],[-74.2064,40.5928],[-74.2061,40.5925],[-74.2061,40.5922],[-74.2064,40.5914],[-74.2064,40.5911],[-74.2078,40.5897],[-74.2083,40.5892],[-74.2083,40.5883],[-74.2081,40.5881],[-74.2081,40.5867],[-74.2083,40.5864],[-74.2083,40.5861],[-74.2086,40.5858],[-74.2086,40.5842],[-74.2089,40.5839],[-74.2089,40.5836],[-74.21,40.5825],[-74.2103,40.5825],[-74.2108,40.5819],[-74.2108,40.5806],[-74.2111,40.5803],[-74.2111,40.5797],[-74.2114,40.5794],[-74.2114,40.5792],[-74.2111,40.5789],[-74.2111,40.5786],[-74.2117,40.5781],[-74.2117,40.5778],[-74.2119,40.5775],[-74.2119,40.5769],[-74.2122,40.5767],[-74.2122,40.5761],[-74.2119,40.5758],[-74.2119,40.5736],[-74.2122,40.5733],[-74.2122,40.5728],[-74.2125,40.5725],[-74.2125,40.5722],[-74.2128,40.5719],[-74.2128,40.5717],[-74.2136,40.5708],[-74.2136,40.5706],[-74.2144,40.5697],[-74.2144,40.5692],[-74.2142,40.5689],[-74.2142,40.5683],[-74.2139,40.5681],[-74.2139,40.5672],[-74.2142,40.5669],[-74.2144,40.5667],[-74.2144,40.5661],[-74.2147,40.5658],[-74.2147,40.5647],[-74.215,40.5644],[-74.215,40.5642],[-74.2156,40.5636],[-74.2158,40.5636],[-74.2161,40.5633],[-74.2164,40.5633],[-74.2164,40.5628],[-74.2169,40.5622],[-74.2169,40.5619],[-74.2183,40.5606],[-74.2186,40.5603],[-74.2192,40.5597],[-74.2197,40.5592],[-74.22,40.5594],[-74.2206,40.5589],[-74.2211,40.5589],[-74.2214,40.5592],[-74.2219,40.5592],[-74.2222,40.5594],[-74.2225,40.5594],[-74.2233,40.5603],[-74.2236,40.5603],[-74.2239,40.5606],[-74.2242,40.5606],[-74.2243,40.5607],[-74.2244,40.5608],[-74.2256,40.5608],[-74.2258,40.5611],[-74.2261,40.5611],[-74.2264,40.5614],[-74.2267,40.5614],[-74.2269,40.5611],[-74.2278,40.5611],[-74.2281,40.5614],[-74.2283,40.5614],[-74.2286,40.5617],[-74.2297,40.5617],[-74.23,40.5614],[-74.2303,40.5614],[-74.2306,40.5611],[-74.2311,40.5608],[-74.2314,40.5608],[-74.2317,40.5611],[-74.2317,40.5614],[-74.2319,40.5617],[-74.2322,40.5617],[-74.2328,40.5611],[-74.2333,40.5611],[-74.2336,40.5608],[-74.2339,40.5608],[-74.2347,40.56],[-74.235,40.56],[-74.2361,40.5589],[-74.2364,40.5586],[-74.2367,40.5587],[-74.2372,40.5581],[-74.2383,40.5581],[-74.2386,40.5581],[-74.2388,40.5579],[-74.2391,40.5576],[-74.2397,40.5575],[-74.2401,40.5575],[-74.2403,40.5575],[-74.2405,40.5572],[-74.2417,40.5572],[-74.2419,40.5569],[-74.2428,40.5569],[-74.2431,40.5567],[-74.2433,40.5567],[-74.2436,40.5564],[-74.2442,40.5564],[-74.2444,40.5561],[-74.2447,40.5561],[-74.245,40.5558],[-74.2453,40.5558],[-74.2458,40.5553],[-74.2461,40.5553],[-74.2464,40.555],[-74.2467,40.555],[-74.2469,40.5547],[-74.2472,40.5547],[-74.2475,40.5544],[-74.2478,40.5544],[-74.2481,40.5547],[-74.2489,40.5547],[-74.2492,40.5544],[-74.2494,40.5544],[-74.2497,40.5542],[-74.25,40.5542],[-74.2503,40.5539],[-74.2508,40.5539],[-74.2514,40.5533],[-74.2517,40.5533],[-74.2533,40.5517],[-74.2533,40.5514],[-74.2539,40.5508],[-74.2539,40.5506],[-74.2542,40.5503],[-74.2542,40.5494],[-74.2544,40.5492],[-74.2544,40.5486],[-74.2547,40.5483],[-74.2547,40.5472],[-74.2544,40.5469],[-74.2544,40.5464],[-74.2542,40.5461],[-74.2542,40.5458],[-74.2539,40.5456],[-74.2539,40.5447],[-74.2536,40.5444],[-74.2531,40.5439],[-74.253,40.5436],[-74.2528,40.5433],[-74.2528,40.5414],[-74.2536,40.5406],[-74.2539,40.5405],[-74.2542,40.5403],[-74.2542,40.5398],[-74.2542,40.5397],[-74.2531,40.5386],[-74.2531,40.5378],[-74.2536,40.5372],[-74.2536,40.5367],[-74.2531,40.5361],[-74.2525,40.5356],[-74.2525,40.535],[-74.2522,40.5347],[-74.2522,40.5344],[-74.2519,40.5342],[-74.2519,40.5322],[-74.2514,40.5317],[-74.2514,40.5314],[-74.2517,40.5311],[-74.2519,40.5308],[-74.2522,40.5308],[-74.2525,40.5306],[-74.2525,40.5303],[-74.2522,40.53],[-74.2522,40.5294],[-74.2519,40.5292],[-74.2519,40.5278],[-74.2519,40.5267],[-74.2517,40.5264],[-74.2517,40.5261],[-74.2511,40.5256],[-74.25,40.5234],[-74.25,40.5208],[-74.2506,40.5203],[-74.2508,40.5203],[-74.2511,40.52],[-74.2514,40.52],[-74.2547,40.5167],[-74.2547,40.5164],[-74.2556,40.5156],[-74.2558,40.5156],[-74.2561,40.5153],[-74.2564,40.5153],[-74.2567,40.515],[-74.2575,40.515],[-74.2578,40.5147],[-74.2578,40.5144],[-74.2583,40.5139],[-74.2583,40.5136],[-74.2586,40.5133],[-74.2586,40.5131],[-74.2589,40.5128],[-74.2592,40.5123],[-74.2598,40.5118],[-74.2604,40.5107],[-74.2611,40.5078],[-74.2611,40.5075],[-74.2614,40.5072],[-74.2614,40.5069],[-74.2617,40.5067],[-74.2617,40.5053],[-74.2619,40.505],[-74.2619,40.5042],[-74.2622,40.5039],[-74.2622,40.5036],[-74.2625,40.5033],[-74.2633,40.5025],[-74.2636,40.5022],[-74.2642,40.5017],[-74.2644,40.5017],[-74.2652,40.5012],[-74.2657,40.5007],[-74.2661,40.5003],[-74.2663,40.5],[-74.2666,40.4997],[-74.2667,40.4994],[-74.2669,40.4992],[-74.2675,40.4992],[-74.2678,40.4989],[-74.2681,40.4989],[-74.2684,40.4992],[-74.2697,40.4992],[-74.27,40.4994],[-74.2703,40.4994],[-74.2706,40.4996],[-74.2713,40.4994],[-74.2714,40.4991],[-74.2733,40.4991],[-74.274,40.4992],[-74.2743,40.4993],[-74.2749,40.4994],[-74.2751,40.4995],[-74.2757,40.4994],[-74.2764,40.4997],[-74.2769,40.4998],[-74.278,40.5],[-74.2783,40.5002],[-74.2785,40.5003],[-74.2792,40.5006],[-74.2795,40.5006],[-74.2794,40.5003],[-74.2797,40.5],[-74.2797,40.4992],[-74.28,40.4989],[-74.2803,40.4986],[-74.2803,40.4983],[-74.2808,40.4978],[-74.2808,40.4972],[-74.2814,40.4967],[-74.2814,40.4964],[-74.2819,40.4958],[-74.2819,40.4956],[-74.2822,40.4953],[-74.2822,40.495],[-74.2828,40.4944],[-74.2828,40.4942],[-74.2836,40.4933],[-74.2839,40.4933],[-74.2842,40.4931],[-74.2837,40.4931],[-74.2829,40.493],[-74.2827,40.4931],[-74.2822,40.4928],[-74.2812,40.4925],[-74.2808,40.4925],[-74.2806,40.4925],[-74.2803,40.4925],[-74.2797,40.4919],[-74.2794,40.4919],[-74.2789,40.4914],[-74.2786,40.4914],[-74.2783,40.4911],[-74.2769,40.4911],[-74.2767,40.4908],[-74.2764,40.4908],[-74.2758,40.4903],[-74.2758,40.49],[-74.2761,40.4897],[-74.2764,40.4897],[-74.2767,40.4894],[-74.2756,40.4883],[-74.2756,40.4875],[-74.2747,40.4867],[-74.2747,40.4864],[-74.275,40.4861],[-74.275,40.4858],[-74.2744,40.4853],[-74.2742,40.4853],[-74.2739,40.485],[-74.2736,40.485],[-74.2733,40.4847],[-74.2725,40.4847],[-74.2722,40.485],[-74.2719,40.485],[-74.2714,40.4844],[-74.2708,40.4844],[-74.2694,40.4831],[-74.2694,40.4828],[-74.2692,40.4825],[-74.2692,40.4822],[-74.2683,40.4814],[-74.2683,40.4806],[-74.2686,40.4803],[-74.2686,40.48],[-74.2678,40.4792],[-74.2678,40.4783],[-74.2672,40.4778],[-74.2672,40.4772],[-74.2669,40.4769],[-74.2669,40.4761],[-74.2667,40.4758],[-74.2667,40.4756],[-74.2664,40.4753],[-74.2664,40.475],[-74.2661,40.4747],[-74.2661,40.4731],[-74.2664,40.4728],[-74.2664,40.4719],[-74.2661,40.4717],[-74.2661,40.4708],[-74.2658,40.4706],[-74.2658,40.4703],[-74.2656,40.47],[-74.2656,40.4697],[-74.2653,40.4694],[-74.2653,40.4692],[-74.2639,40.4678],[-74.2639,40.4675],[-74.2633,40.4669],[-74.2633,40.4667],[-74.2614,40.4647],[-74.2606,40.4647],[-74.2603,40.4644],[-74.26,40.4644],[-74.2594,40.4639],[-74.2589,40.4639],[-74.2586,40.4636],[-74.2575,40.4636],[-74.2572,40.4639],[-74.2569,40.4636],[-74.2561,40.4636],[-74.2558,40.4633],[-74.2556,40.4633],[-74.2553,40.4631],[-74.2547,40.4628],[-74.2541,40.4626],[-74.2534,40.4626],[-74.2528,40.4622],[-74.2525,40.4619],[-74.2519,40.4619],[-74.2517,40.4617],[-74.25,40.4617],[-74.2489,40.4606],[-74.2481,40.4603],[-74.2467,40.4594],[-74.2453,40.4586],[-74.2447,40.4581],[-74.2444,40.4581],[-74.2442,40.4583],[-74.2433,40.4583],[-74.2431,40.4581],[-74.2425,40.4582],[-74.242,40.4581],[-74.2414,40.4581],[-74.2411,40.4581],[-74.2408,40.4578],[-74.2389,40.4578],[-74.2386,40.4575],[-74.2378,40.4575],[-74.2375,40.4572],[-74.2369,40.4572],[-74.2367,40.4569],[-74.2364,40.4569],[-74.2361,40.4567],[-74.2358,40.4567],[-74.2347,40.4556],[-74.2344,40.4556],[-74.2336,40.4547],[-74.2333,40.4547],[-74.2328,40.4542],[-74.2325,40.4542],[-74.2322,40.4539],[-74.2319,40.4539],[-74.2317,40.4536],[-74.2314,40.4536],[-74.2311,40.4533],[-74.2308,40.4533],[-74.2306,40.4531],[-74.2303,40.4531],[-74.23,40.4528],[-74.2294,40.4528],[-74.2292,40.4525],[-74.2283,40.4525],[-74.2281,40.4522],[-74.2272,40.4522],[-74.2267,40.4528],[-74.2247,40.4528],[-74.2243,40.4528],[-74.2246,40.4508],[-74.2247,40.4508],[-74.2266,40.4454],[-74.2338,40.4436],[-74.2386,40.4431],[-74.2477,40.4345],[-74.2477,40.4336],[-74.2478,40.4268],[-74.2484,40.4123],[-74.2484,40.4064],[-74.249,40.4064],[-74.2497,40.4055],[-74.2545,40.4019],[-74.2727,40.3874],[-74.3005,40.3657],[-74.3935,40.2878],[-74.3935,40.2869],[-74.3941,40.286],[-74.3947,40.2855],[-74.3947,40.2846],[-74.3947,40.2828],[-74.3971,40.2783],[-74.3978,40.2778],[-74.3983,40.2778],[-74.402,40.2765],[-74.4345,40.2624],[-74.4592,40.2507],[-74.4616,40.2511],[-74.4634,40.252],[-74.4665,40.2525],[-74.4743,40.2525],[-74.4755,40.2529],[-74.4851,40.2543],[-74.4815,40.2711],[-74.4821,40.2742],[-74.4857,40.2761],[-74.493,40.2783],[-74.4954,40.2797],[-74.5002,40.2806],[-74.5062,40.281],[-74.5104,40.2815],[-74.5165,40.2856],[-74.5231,40.2883],[-74.5255,40.2915],[-74.5297,40.2928],[-74.5333,40.2919],[-74.5376,40.2906],[-74.5394,40.2901],[-74.5412,40.2906],[-74.549,40.2915],[-74.555,40.2919],[-74.5599,40.2937],[-74.5641,40.2983],[-74.5834,40.3073],[-74.5876,40.3119],[-74.5894,40.3137],[-74.5943,40.3146],[-74.6015,40.3155],[-74.6081,40.3227],[-74.6124,40.3254],[-74.6178,40.3254],[-74.625,40.325],[-74.6262,40.3286],[-74.6268,40.334],[-74.6299,40.3404],[-74.6293,40.3449],[-74.6269,40.3508],[-74.6209,40.3735],[-74.6167,40.3744],[-74.6149,40.3753],[-74.6131,40.3762],[-74.6058,40.3794],[-74.6046,40.3799],[-74.5913,40.3966],[-74.586,40.4175],[-74.5847,40.4184],[-74.5781,40.4216],[-74.5769,40.4221],[-74.5666,40.4243],[-74.5606,40.4252],[-74.5377,40.4379],[-74.5352,40.4389],[-74.5256,40.4466],[-74.5238,40.4479],[-74.5165,40.4538],[-74.5002,40.4656],[-74.4978,40.467],[-74.4954,40.4688],[-74.4917,40.472],[-74.4875,40.4769],[-74.4863,40.4783],[-74.4845,40.4801],[-74.4833,40.4815],[-74.479,40.4837],[-74.4778,40.4842],[-74.4658,40.4883],[-74.4585,40.491],[-74.4573,40.4942],[-74.4603,40.501],[-74.4627,40.5082],[-74.4821,40.5114],[-74.4857,40.5128],[-74.4936,40.5259],[-74.5008,40.5323],[-74.5117,40.5395],[-74.5171,40.5445],[-74.5244,40.5559],[-74.525,40.5581],[-74.5268,40.5631],[-74.5226,40.5731],[-74.5135,40.5799],[-74.499,40.5853],[-74.4857,40.5894],[-74.4772,40.5949],[-74.4687,40.5976],[-74.4651,40.594],[-74.4584,40.5948],[-74.3997,40.5989],[-74.3192,40.6056],[-74.3046,40.6065],[-74.3034,40.6056],[-74.3035,40.5997],[-74.301,40.5965],[-74.2962,40.5915],[-74.2938,40.5897],[-74.2926,40.5892],[-74.2902,40.5897],[-74.2756,40.5915],[-74.266,40.5933],[-74.2605,40.5942],[-74.2581,40.5983],[-74.2574,40.5996],[-74.2454,40.5978],[-74.2417,40.5982],[-74.2369,40.5991],[-74.2248,40.5982],[-74.2193,40.5991],[-74.2151,40.6],[-74.2133,40.5995],[-74.213,40.5993]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Middlesex\",\"state\":\"NJ\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217 vdepaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":2778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaul","given":"Vincent","email":"vdepaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018666,"text":"70018666 - 1996 - Age dating of shallow groundwater with chlorofluorocarbons, tritium/helium: 3, and flow path analysis, southern New Jersey coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T07:22:28","indexId":"70018666","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age dating of shallow groundwater with chlorofluorocarbons, tritium/helium: 3, and flow path analysis, southern New Jersey coastal plain","docAbstract":"Groundwater age dating through the combination of transient tracer methods (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium/helium 3 (3H/3He)) and groundwater flow path analysis is useful for investigating groundwater travel times, flow patterns, and recharge rates, as demonstrated by this study of the homogeneous shallow, unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the southern New Jersey coastal plain. Water samples for age dating were collected from three sets of nested observation wells (10 wells) with 1.5-m-long screens located near groundwater divides. Three steady state finite difference groundwater flow models were calibrated by adjusting horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities to match measured heads and head differences (range, 0.002–0.23 m) among the nested wells, with a uniform recharge rate of 0.46 m per year and porosities of 0.35 (sand) and 0.45 (silt) that were assumed constant for all model simulations and travel time calculations. The simulated groundwater travel times increase with depth in the aquifer, ranging from about 1.5 to 6.5 years for the shallow wells (screen bottoms 3–4 m below the water table), from about 10 to 25 years for the medium-depth wells (screen bottoms 8–19 m below the water table), and from about 30 to more than 40 years for the deep wells (screen bottoms 24–26 m below the water table). Apparent groundwater ages based on CFC- and 3H/3He-dating techniques and model-based travel times could not be statistically differentiated, and all were strongly correlated with depth. Confinement of 3He was high because of the rapid vertical flow velocity (of the order of 1 m/yr), resulting in clear delineation of groundwater travel times based on the 3H/3He-dating technique. The correspondence between the 3H/3He and CFC ages indicates that dispersion has had a minimal effect on the tracer-based ages of water in this aquifer. Differences between the tracer-based apparent ages for seven of the 10 samples were smaller than the error values. A slight bias toward older apparent ages, found not to be statistically significant, was noted for the 3H/3He-dating technique relative to the CFC-dating technique. This result may be caused by enrichment of local air in CFC-Il and CFC-12 from urban and industrial sources in the northeastern United States and minor contamination from sampling equipment. The demonstrated validity of the combined tracer-dating techniques to determine the age of water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system indicates that groundwater flow models can be refined when apparent ages based on 3H/3He- and CFC- dating are used as calibration targets.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR00068","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Rice, D., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Drenkard, S., and Schlosser, P., 1996, Age dating of shallow groundwater with chlorofluorocarbons, tritium/helium: 3, and flow path analysis, southern New Jersey coastal plain: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1023-1038, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR00068.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1023","endPage":"1038","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 38.676933444637925\n ],\n [\n -73.487548828125,\n 38.676933444637925\n ],\n [\n -73.487548828125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 38.676933444637925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e7e4b0c8380cd47f77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, D.E.","contributorId":44188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drenkard, S.","contributorId":89292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenkard","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}