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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water","conferenceDate":"August 30-September 1, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Denver. CO","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Martin, M., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1994, Contamination of ground water with trichloroethylene at the Building 24 site at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water, Denver. CO, August 30-September 1, 1994, p. 143-153.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=10002449.TXT"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Picatinny Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.5728349685669,\n 40.945384645226525\n ],\n [\n -74.58957195281982,\n 40.92463550216608\n ],\n [\n -74.57931518554688,\n 40.91542598240696\n ],\n [\n -74.55888748168945,\n 40.938090767447875\n ],\n [\n -74.5728349685669,\n 40.945384645226525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Mary","contributorId":7290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205826,"text":"70205826 - 1994 - Ground-water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons: Natural biodegradation in a dynamic hydrologic and geochemical system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T12:52:49","indexId":"70205826","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T12:47:06","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons: Natural biodegradation in a dynamic hydrologic and geochemical system","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 208th ACS National Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"208th American Chemical Society National Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 21-26, 1994","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J., Fischer, J., and Phinney, C., 1994, Ground-water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons: Natural biodegradation in a dynamic hydrologic and geochemical system, in Proceedings of the 208th ACS National Meeting, v. 34, August 21-26, 1994, p. 588-592.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"592","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":187753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phinney, C.S.","contributorId":50302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phinney","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205823,"text":"70205823 - 1994 - Alternative tissue analysis method developed for organochlorine contaminants in aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T12:02:23","indexId":"70205823","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-30T11:54:34","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative tissue analysis method developed for organochlorine contaminants in aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"The exposure of aquatic life to organochlorine contaminants has been investigated during the past two decades because of human and ecosystem health concerns related to the bioaccumulation of hazardous, lipophilic substances. The toxic effects of polychlorodibenzo-12-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well known, and recent evidence also suggests that low level exposure to lipophilic organochlorines may interfere with normal development during sensitive early life history stages (Hileman 1993). As the use of lipophilic organochlorines, such as DDT, in third world countries continues and with the purported global cycling (Bidleman and Olney 1974; Tanabe et al. 1983) and food chain accumulation (Thomann and Connoly 1984, Thomann 1989) of persistent organochlodnes, the occurrence of these compounds in aquatic organisms is a critical global environmental issue. An understanding of the fate of organochlorines in the environment clearly remains an extremely important subject related to water quality.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has recently gained congressional approval in the United States to track nation wide trends in water quality through the establishment of the National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). Among the goals defined by NAWQA, aquatic organisms, including fish, shellfish, and plants, collected from major drainage basins will be analyzed for, along with other contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine insecticides, and chlorobenzenes (Crawford and Luoma 1992). The purpose of this report is to present quality assurance data obtained from the development of a PCB, chlorobenzene, and organochlorine insecticide tissue analysis method in support of NAWQA and other large-scale water quality programs conducted
through our laboratory.
This report compares the recovery of purgeable organic compounds (POCs) obtained by using a downhole isobaric sampler developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, a helical-rotor submersible pump, and a point source bailer to collect and isolate samples of ground water from three wells in Now York and New Jersey: the samples contained a total of 13 PCX's delectable at concentrations ranging from 0.5 μg/L to about 400 μg/L. This report also compares the effects of sample handling, specifically the differences in PCX concentration recovery when an isobaric sample container is filled at land surface vs. when it is filled downhole. and when samples art taken using a bailer with and without a bottom-emptying device. These case studies are used to quantify the possible effects of different sample-isolation find sample-handling techniques on POC recovery.
The relative effectiveness of the three devices varied by site and by compound. Overall, the POC recoveries achieved by using the helical-rotor submersible pump and the downlink isobaric sampler were not significantly different at the 95 percent confidence, level. POC recovery obtained by using the point source bailer was 11 percent lower overall. The downhole isobaric sampler results exhibited smaller coefficients of variation than did the helical-rotor submersible pump or the point-source bailer results. However, the differences between the coefficients of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler and those of the helical-rotor submersible pump were not significant at the 95 percent confidence level. The nonsignificant smaller coefficient of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler apparently resulted from two fewer sample handling steps that exposed the sample water to ambient air. An independent experiment performed with a different downhole sampler at one of the wells used in this investigation produced a similar statistical result. Also, the POC recovery obtained by pouring sample water out the lop of a point source bailer into 40-mL vials was S percent lower than that obtained by filling vials from a bailer with a bottom-emptying device.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00109.x","usgsCitation":"Gibs, J., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Ficken, J.H., Pankow, J.F., and Rosen, M.E., 1994, Effects of sample isolation and handling on the recovery of purgeable organic compounds: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 14, no. 2, p. 142-152, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00109.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07bbe4b0c8380cd517db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":377939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ficken, James H.","contributorId":52985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficken","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pankow, James F.","contributorId":72253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosen, M. E.","contributorId":36310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205977,"text":"70205977 - 1994 - Potential effects of development on flow characteristics of two streams in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-14T10:58:21","indexId":"70205977","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-30T10:52:07","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of development on flow characteristics of two streams in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Parts of the Raritan River basin in central New Jersey have undergone increasing development over the last several decades. The increasing population relies on the region's ground water and surface water sources for its residential, commercial, and industrial water supply. Urbanization, regionalized wastewater‐treatment facilities, stream channel alterations, and interbasin transfers of water can all affect water availability. This pilot study was conducted to determine whether significant trends exist in the base‐flow and overland‐runoff characteristics of streams in two subbasins with different percentages of urban/built‐up land (Anderson et at., 1976). Changes in flow characteristics that could indicate future reductions in safe water yield of the Raritan River basin were examined. Flow and flow variability of the steams draining these two subbasins have increased over time. Many of the flow measures studied experienced pronounced trend shifts about 1960. The cause of these changes cannot be readily determined from the data, nor is it clear whether the increased flow variability lies outside the natural range of flow variability of the streams draining the subbasins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03291.x","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T.H., Reiser, R.G., and Price, C.V., 1994, Potential effects of development on flow characteristics of two streams in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 283-295, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03291.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Raritan River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.01327514648438,\n 40.333983227838104\n ],\n [\n -74.2620849609375,\n 40.333983227838104\n ],\n [\n -74.2620849609375,\n 40.77118185975647\n ],\n [\n -75.01327514648438,\n 40.77118185975647\n ],\n [\n -75.01327514648438,\n 40.333983227838104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas H.","contributorId":42252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, Robert G. 0000-0001-5140-2745 rreiser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":4083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Robert","email":"rreiser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6866,"text":"fs01294 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T10:07:17","indexId":"fs01294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"012-94","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began its National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA ) program to (1) document the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's water resources; (2) define water-quality trends; and (3) identify major factors that affect water quality. In addressing these goals, the program will produce information that will be useful to water policy makers and managers at National, State, and local levels.
Studies of 60 hydrologic systems that include parts of most major river and aquifer systems form the building blocks of the NAWQA program. Study units range in size from about 1,000 mi ² (square miles) to more than 60,000 mi² and represent 60 to 70 percent of the Nation's water use and population served by public water supply. The first 20 studies were begun in 1991; 20 more were begun in 1994, and the remaining 20 are to begin in 1997.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs01294","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., and Ayers, M.A., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-94, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01294.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":898,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0012","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_012_94.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov
In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to document the status of and trends in quality of a large representative part of the Nation's water resources and to provide a sound scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors that affect the quality of these resources. The program is designed to produce long-term, consistent water-quality information that will be useful to policymakers and managers at national, State, and local levels.
Investigations of 60 hydrologic systems (study units), which include parts of most major river basins and aquifer systems in the United States, are the building blocks of NAWQA. A framework has been established to ensure nationwide consistency in the approach to each study--in field and laboratory methods, in water-quality measurements, and in the supporting data requirements. Twenty studies were started in 1991, 20 more have begun in 1994, and 20 are scheduled to begin in 1997.
A major design feature of the program that will facilitate integration of water-quality information at national, regional, and local scales is coordination between the individual study-unit teams and the national synthesis effort at all stages of the investigations. Thus, results that relate to various topics addressed in the study-unit investigations will be integrated smoothly into NAWQA's national synthesis component. Teams have been developed to address the following topics of national importance: pesticides, nutrients, and volatile organic compounds. These teams are investigating the specific issues by means of comparative studies of a large set of hydrologic systems distributed over a wide range of environmental settings found in the 60 study-units.
The information below summarizes the goals and scope of the NAWQA Program and the Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages study, which began in 1994.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03094","usgsCitation":"Ayers, M.A., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit : Scope of the Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages Study-Unit investigation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 030-94, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03094.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_030_94.jpg"},{"id":135,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0030","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov
The relative precision and accuracy of sampling and analysis methods for the determination of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water were compared. Samples were collected from a well containing nanogram‐per‐liter (ng/L) to microgram‐per‐liter (μg/L) levels of VOCs. A Keck helical rotor submersible pump was used to collect samples at the surface for analysis by purge and trap (P&T) and for analysis by adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD). Downhole samples were collected by passing water through an ATD cartridge. Although slight spontaneous bubble outgassing occurred when the water was brought to the surface, the relative precisions and comparabilities of the surface and downhole methods were generally found to be equivalent from a statistical point of view. A main conclusion of this study is that bringing sample water to the surface for placement in VOC vials (and subsequent analysis by P&T) can be done reliably under many circumstances. However, care must still be taken to prevent adsorption losses and cross contamination. Samples subject to strong bubble outgassing will need to be handled in a special fashion (e.g., by downhole ATD) to minimize volatilization losses. Additionally, the higher sensitivity of the ATD method allows lower detection limits than are possible with P&T. For example, several compounds present at the ng/L level could be determined with confidence by ATD, but not by P&T.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00418.x","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.E., James F. Pankow, Gibs, J., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1992, Comparison of downhole and surface sampling for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 12, no. 1, p. 126-133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00418.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Gibbstown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.3028678894043,\n 39.81806286126812\n ],\n [\n -75.26510238647461,\n 39.81806286126812\n ],\n [\n -75.26510238647461,\n 39.82930215113803\n ],\n [\n -75.3028678894043,\n 39.82930215113803\n ],\n [\n -75.3028678894043,\n 39.81806286126812\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, M. E.","contributorId":36310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James F. Pankow","contributorId":127384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James F. Pankow","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205828,"text":"70205828 - 1988 - Field evaluation of seven sampling devices for purgeable organic compounds in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T13:16:32","indexId":"70205828","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-07T13:08:20","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field evaluation of seven sampling devices for purgeable organic compounds in ground water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground-Water Contamination: Field Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium/sponsored by ASTM committees D-19 on Water and D-18 on Soil and Rock","conferenceDate":"2-7 Feb. 1986","conferenceLocation":"Cocoa Beach, FL","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T., Gibs, J., Fusillo, T.V., Kish, G.R., and Hochreiter, J., 1988, Field evaluation of seven sampling devices for purgeable organic compounds in ground water, in Ground-Water Contamination: Field Methods, v. 963, Cocoa Beach, FL, 2-7 Feb. 1986, p. 258-273.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"963","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas 0000-0003-1716-4768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":216749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":772515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fusillo, Thomas V.","contributorId":106097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fusillo","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kish, George R. gkish@usgs.gov","contributorId":1329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"George","email":"gkish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hochreiter, J. J.","contributorId":24351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochreiter","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205829,"text":"70205829 - 1988 - Ground-water influences on wetlands at Indiana Dunes, Northwest Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T13:25:27","indexId":"70205829","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-30T13:17:44","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water influences on wetlands at Indiana Dunes, Northwest Indiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Interdisciplinary approaches to freshwater wetlands research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Michigan State University Press","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, R.J., Loiacono, N.L., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1988, Ground-water influences on wetlands at Indiana Dunes, Northwest Indiana, in Interdisciplinary approaches to freshwater wetlands research, p. 37-55.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.91627502441406,\n 41.73545418490723\n ],\n [\n -87.29804992675781,\n 41.624168672581824\n ],\n [\n -87.26097106933594,\n 41.55689395590664\n ],\n [\n -86.96090698242188,\n 41.66008825124748\n ],\n [\n -86.90116882324219,\n 41.69034777353792\n ],\n [\n -86.91627502441406,\n 41.73545418490723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loiacono, N. L.","contributorId":219545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loiacono","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27711,"text":"wri8236 - 1982 - Chemical-quality reconnaissance of the water and surficial bed material in the Delaware River estuary and adjacent New Jersey tributaries, 1980-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T18:39:53.691423","indexId":"wri8236","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-36","title":"Chemical-quality reconnaissance of the water and surficial bed material in the Delaware River estuary and adjacent New Jersey tributaries, 1980-81","docAbstract":"This report presents chemical-quality data collected from May 1980 to January 1981 at several locations within the Delaware River estuary and selected New Jersey tributaries. Samples of surface water were analyzed Environmental Protection Agency ' priority pollutants, ' including acid extractable, base/neutral extractable and volatile organic compounds, in addition to selected dissolved inorganic constituents. Surficial bed material at selected locations was examined for trace metals, insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and base/neutral extractable organic compounds. Trace levels (1-50 micrograms per liter) of purgeable organic compounds, particularly those associated with the occurrence of hydrocarbons, were found in about 60% of the water samples taken. DDT, DDD, DDE, PCB 's and chlordane are present in most surficial bed material samples. Diazinon was the only organophosphorous insecticide detected in the study (1.6 micrograms per kilogram at one location). High values for select trace metals in bed material were discovered at two locations. Of the 10 sites sampled, the surficial bed material containing the most contamination was found along one cross section of Raccoon Creek at Bridgeport. An additional analysis of Raccoon Creek revealed bed material containing toluene, oil and grease, and trace quantities of 15 base/neutral extractable organic compounds, including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, and chlorinated benzenes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hochreiter, J.J., 1982, Chemical-quality reconnaissance of the water and surficial bed material in the Delaware River estuary and adjacent New Jersey tributaries, 1980-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-36, vii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8236.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1981-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_82_36.gif"},{"id":415449,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35530.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261852,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri82-36/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri82-36/pdf/wrir82-36.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.55,\n 40.144\n ],\n [\n -75.55,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -74.702,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -74.702,\n 40.144\n ],\n [\n -75.55,\n 40.144\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e29ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hochreiter, Joseph J. 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Replacement of ground water pumpage with surface water in a 150-square-mile area near Camden, N.J., was simulated. Artificial recharge of surface water was also simulated in the same area. A series of nine simulations was made. The simulations include the period 1974 to 2000. Two projections for water use were used. Also, in some of the model simulations a line of injection wells was simulated to prevent movement of saline water into pumping centers.
The simulations indicate that heads will be as much as 100 feet higher in the year 2000 near the 150-square-mile area than that if ony ground water would be used without supplement of surface water. In the model simulations, heads recover upon application of surface water, but start declining again within 2 years. The rate of head decline after suface-water application is slower than before the application.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., Luzier, J., and Stellerine, F., 1980, Computer-model analysis of the use of Delaware River water to supplement water from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-31, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8031.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424244,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35401.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":263109,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_31.gif"},{"id":263110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0031/pdf/wrir80-31.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.07216673007737,\n 38.86962292904593\n ],\n [\n -75.64524022032376,\n 39.53519794116099\n ],\n [\n -74.85385301950718,\n 40.66581509733666\n ],\n [\n -73.9411320018813,\n 40.4353166131979\n ],\n [\n -73.93576328035066,\n 39.76555827545053\n ],\n [\n -74.47603929826951,\n 39.16200365839697\n ],\n [\n -74.71666672581016,\n 38.90972928033072\n ],\n [\n -75.07216673007737,\n 38.86962292904593\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luzier, J. E.","contributorId":7687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzier","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stellerine, Flavian","contributorId":81146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stellerine","given":"Flavian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25615,"text":"wri8010 - 1980 - Investigation of acidity and other water-quality characteristics of Upper Oyster Creek, Ocean County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-12T17:16:23","indexId":"wri8010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-10","title":"Investigation of acidity and other water-quality characteristics of Upper Oyster Creek, Ocean County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Water-quality data collected in the upper Oyster Creek drainage basin, Ocean County, N.J., indicate that the stream has excellent water quality except for a persistently low pH. The mean concentrations of the major inorganic ions were all less than 6.0 milligrams per liter. Mean concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 0.15 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. Dissolved oxygen averaged 8.7 mg/L and 81% saturation. Low pH levels are typical of streams draining cedar swamps. In Oyster Creek, the pH tended to decrease downstream due to chemical and biological processes. The pH levels in swamps were one-half unit or more lower than the pH levels in the adjacent stream. Sharp declines in stream pH were noted during runoff periods as the result of the mixing of poorly-buffered stream water with more highly acidic water from surrounding swamp areas. The quality of ground water within the study area was similar to the quality of streamflow, except for higher iron and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations and a higher pH range of 4.9 to 6.5. Precipitation represented a major source of many chemical constituents in the ground- and surface-waters of the Oyster Creek basin. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish, Game, and Shell Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Fusillo, T.V., Schornick, J., Koester, H., and Harriman, D., 1980, Investigation of acidity and other water-quality characteristics of Upper Oyster Creek, Ocean County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-10, v, 30 p. :ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8010.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., maps; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_10.gif"},{"id":261850,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri80-10/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261851,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri80-10/pdf/wrir80-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Ocean County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ce4b07f02db50b66c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fusillo, Thomas V.","contributorId":106097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fusillo","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schornick, J.C. Jr.","contributorId":49003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schornick","given":"J.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koester, H.E.","contributorId":26323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koester","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harriman, D.A.","contributorId":27860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harriman","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28507,"text":"wri8011 - 1980 - Digital-simulation and projection of head changes in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, coastal plain, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T19:16:25.659596","indexId":"wri8011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-11","title":"Digital-simulation and projection of head changes in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, coastal plain, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system of Cretaceous age, which is the principal source of water to the major population and industrial centers in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, has undergone continuous and widespread reduction in head. The reduced head, already below sea level throughout most of the aquifer system, in conjunction with encroachment of salty water toward centers of pumping, threatens the continued use of the aquifer as a source of freshwater in the area. A single layer, two-dimensional finite difference digital model was used to simulate the response of the aquifer system to pumping stresses during the 18-year period, 1956-73. Model simulations were based on close agreement between (1) observed and calculated heads and head trends for 10 observation wells during the period, 1956-73; and (2) the computed nonpumping steady-state potentiometric surface and a potentiometric surface based on early water-level observations (1900±) solutions. In addition, the hydrologic budget estimated by the model appears to be reasonable for the transient (1956-73) and the steady-state (1900±) solutions. The model was used to compute projected potentiometric heads and trends to the year 2000. Three sets of conditions, all using the 1973 distribution of pumping centers, were simulated. The conditions are:\n(1) no increase in ground-water extractions; (2) continued growth in ground-water extractions at the rate of 1.7 and 3 percent annually; and (3) continued growth in ground-water extractions at the rate of 3 percent annually, in conjunction with the activitation of a freshwater head barrier in the fresh-salty transition zone. Under the first set of conditions, further head reduction would cease over very large regions within two years. Under the second set of conditions involving a 3 percent growth rate similar to that experienced during the simulation period, the broad cone of depression already encompassing most of the New Jersey Coastal Plain would broaden and deepen. Heads would range from 60 to 160 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. The reduction of head after 1973 would approach 90 feet in some areas. The resultant steeper hydraullic gradients would accelerate the rate of movement of salty ground water toward the pumping centers. A freshwater head barrier could be established in the transition zone to prevent migration of salty ground water across a 35-mile stretch in Gloucester, Camden, and Burlington Counties. A line of injection wells would be required, with total rates of injection to the head barrier ranging from about 56 cubic feet per second in 1984 to about 95 cubic feet per second in 2000. Barrier recharge rates would be equivalent to about 20 percent of the ground water pumped in the fine-grid area in any particular year for a 3 percent increase in extractions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri8011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resource","usgsCitation":"Luzier, J.E., 1980, Digital-simulation and projection of head changes in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, coastal plain, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-11, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8011.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428011,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35385.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":267005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0011/pdf/wrir80-11.pdf"},{"id":267004,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0011/"},{"id":159627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_11.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5420,38.9850 ], [ -75.5420,40.5242 ], [ -73.8501,40.5242 ], [ -73.8501,38.9850 ], [ -75.5420,38.9850 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ade9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luzier, James E.","contributorId":102111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzier","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28684,"text":"wri8016 - 1980 - Plan of study for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Regional Aquifer System Analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-20T17:16:39","indexId":"wri8016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-16","title":"Plan of study for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Regional Aquifer System Analysis","docAbstract":"Sediments of Cretaceous to Holocene age compose the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system in an area of 50,000 square miles in parts of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. The aquifer system is a major source of water supply in the area. About 1.4 billion gallons is withdrawn from its aquifers each day. Increasing withdrawal of ground water has created or intensified several problems such as declining water levels, development of large cones of depression, saltwater intrusion, spreading of ground-water contamination, and land subsidence. The U.S. Geological Survey has begun a comprehensive study that will define the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the aquifer system. The effects of future utilization of the aquifer system will be determined and alternative plans for water withdrawal will be evaluated through computer simulation modeling. This report describes the objectives, organization, and work plans of the study, and describes the work to be accomplished in each U.S. Geological Survey District of the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri8016","usgsCitation":"Meisler, H., 1980, Plan of study for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Regional Aquifer System Analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-16, iii; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8016.","productDescription":"iii; 27 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_16.gif"},{"id":261986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/16/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261987,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/16/pdf/wrir80-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Maryl;New Jersey;North Carolina;Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,33.666666666666664 ], [ -81,41.333333333333336 ], [ -71.66666666666667,41.333333333333336 ], [ -71.66666666666667,33.666666666666664 ], [ -81,33.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68564d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meisler, Harold","contributorId":34103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meisler","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30290,"text":"wri80115 - 1980 - Flood of August 31-September 1, 1978, in Crosswicks Creek basin and vicinity, central New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T19:49:09.075667","indexId":"wri80115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-115","title":"Flood of August 31-September 1, 1978, in Crosswicks Creek basin and vicinity, central New Jersey","docAbstract":"A thunderstorm during the evening of August 31, 1978, caused flooding in a small area of south central New Jersey. Maximum peaks of record occurred on the upper Crosswicks Creek basin in the vicinity of Fort Dix, Wrightstown, and New Egypt. At New Egypt, high water crest elevations for Crosswicks Creek were approximately 4 feet higher than the previous maximum recorded on August 28, 1971. Total damages were in excess of 2 million dollars, with 70 houses and 14 businesses affected.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri80115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Vickers, A.A., 1980, Flood of August 31-September 1, 1978, in Crosswicks Creek basin and vicinity, central New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-115, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80115.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261985,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/115/pdf/wrir80-115.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":429361,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35388.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261984,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_115.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39.916666666666664 ], [ -75,40.25 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40.25 ], [ -74.33333333333333,39.916666666666664 ], [ -75,39.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eed23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vickers, Arthur A.","contributorId":36179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickers","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27022,"text":"wri79106 - 1979 - Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"wri79106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-106","title":"Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional digital-computer flow model was developed to simulate the Farrington aquifer in the northern part of the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. The area of detailed study includes approximately 500 square miles in Middlesex and Monmouth Couties where the aquifer provides a large part of the municipal and industrial water supply. The area modeled is much larger, extending seaward as well as northeastward into Long Island. The aquifer consists chiefly of the Farrington Sand Member of the Raritan Formation and is composed of sand and some gravel. It thickens from a featheredge in outcrop to more than 170 feet, 11 miles to the southeast. The confining unit between the Farrington and the overlying Old Bridge Sand Member of the Magothy Formation consists primarily of the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation and has a maximum thickness of 244 feet. The model simulates both water-table and artesian conditions. The confining unit overlying the Farrington aquifer is simulated as having a variable thickness and vertical hydraulic conductivity. The effect of a declining water level in the overlying Old Bridge aquifer on the Farrington aquifer is also simulated by the model. Values used to describe the hydraulic properties of the Farrington aquifer are: a hydraulic conductivity of 105 feet per day, a storage coefficient of 1.6 x 10-4 for artesian conditions, and a specific yield of 0.25 for water-table conditions. Values for the overlying confining unit are: a vertical hydraulic conductivity ranging from 4.2 x 10-7 to 1.0 x 10-10 feet per second and a specific storage of 4 x 10-5 feet-1. Aquifer simulation for the 15-year period, 1959-73, was used to calibrage the model. The model was calibrated by comparing the observed potentiometric surface of November 1973 with the simulated potentiometric surface. In addition, hydrographs for selected wells were compared with model results. Ground-water withdrawals for 1959 and 1973 were 12.1 and 28.5 milion gallons per day, respectively. Potentiometric surfaces for 1985 and 2000 were computed based on a linear projection of ground-water withdrawals (39.5 and 56.9 million gallons per day in 1985 and 2000, respectively) of the period 1959 through 1973. These surfaces are deeper than that of November, 1973, and the cone of depression is wider. The potentiometric head projected by the model in the vicinity of Sayreville will be more than 150 feet below mean sea level by 2000; the head in this area was 70 feet below sea level in 1973. The model calculated ground-water budgets for steady-state and transient conditions for the entire modeled area and for several rectangular subareas. Ground-water flow into the modeled Farrington aquifer under steady-state conditions before ground-water development was 16 cubic feet per second for the entire area. Recharge in the outcrop area and vertical leakage from the Old Bridge was 8 cubic feet per second each. Approximately 75 percent of the discharge occurred as seepage into surface-water bodies in and near the outcrop and as lateral flow southwestward into Burlington County near the outcrop area. The remaining 25 percent occurred southeast of the outcrop as vertical leakage into the overlying Old Bridge aquifer and as lateral flow to the south into Ocean and Burlington Counties. A transient water budget for 1973 was calculated for a subarea consisting mainly of Middlesex County. The model indicates that 48 percent (14.3 cubic feet per second) of the total inflow to the subareas was through its boundaries. Other sources of water include direct recharge within the subarea (5.4 cubic feet per second), vertical leakage (mainly from the Old Bridge) within the subarea (2.6 cubic feet per second), and water released from storage (3.4 cubic feet per second). Discharge from the subarea consisted mainly of withdrawals (26.5 cubic feet per second). It also included vertical leakage to the Old Bridge and discharge to surface-water bodies simulated by constant-head nodes (3.2 cubic feet per second).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri79106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Farlekas, G.M., 1979, Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-106, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri79106.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_79_106.gif"},{"id":257664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/preview/wri/1979/106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Burlington;Middlesex;Monmouth;Ocean","otherGeospatial":"Farrington Aquifer;Long Island;Old Bridge Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39 ], [ -75,41.5 ], [ -72.25,41.5 ], [ -72.25,39 ], [ -75,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farlekas, George M.","contributorId":44963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farlekas","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28881,"text":"wri76123 - 1977 - Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"wri76123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-123","title":"Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Englishtown Formation of the Matawan Group of Late Cretaceous age is exposed in the western part of the New Jeresy Coastal Plain along a northeast-southwest trending zone extending from Raritan Bay to Delaware Bay. In outcrop, in the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the Englishtown typically consists of a series of thin, cross-stratified, fine- to medium-grained lignitic quartz sand beds intercalated with thin beds of sandy silty clay and clayey silt, ranging in total thickness from about 140 feet (43 meters) near Raritan Bay to about 50 feet (15 meters) near Trenton. In the subsurface of the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the formation retains most of the lithologic characteristics displayed in outcrop. In northern and eastern Ocean County the Englishtown can be subdivided into three distinct lithologic units; upper and lower units of quartz sand with thin interbeds of dark sandy silt, separated by a thick sequence of sandy and clayey lignitic silt. The confined part of the aquifer in the Englishtown Formation is utilized as a source of water over an area of about 1,100 square miles (2,849 square kilometers) of the New Jersey Coastal Plain and is an important source of supply in Monmouth and northern Ocean Counties. The annual average rate of withdrawal from the aquifer in the two-county area increased from 5.5 million gallons per day (0.24 cubic meters per second) in 1959 to 9.5 million gallons per day (0.4 cubic meters per second) in 1970. Water levels in parts of this area were declining 8 to 12 feet (2.4 to 3.6 meters) per year as of 1970 and they declined as much as 140 feet (43 meters) between 1959 and 1970 near pumping centers. The aquifer transmissivity ranges from 2,400 square feet per day to 650 square feet per day (223 square meters per day to 60 square meters per day); the estimated hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 11 feet per day to 20 feet per day (3.3 meters per day to 6.1 meters per day); and the storage coefficient ranges from 8 x 10-5 to 3 x 10-4. The underlying and overlying confining beds, which have an average thickness of 200 feet (61 meters) and 40 feet (12 meters), respectively, have vertical hydraulic conductivities on the order of 1 x 10-5 feet per day (3 x 10-6 meters per day) and specific storage on the order of 8 x 10-5 ft-1 (2.4 x 10-5 m-1). The Englishtown aquifer is an integral part of the complex multi- aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. The withdrawal of water from the Englishtown aquifer has had a marked effect on the water level in the overlying Moutn Laurel aquifer, and these effects will continue so long as the water level in the Englishtown continues to decline. Any increase in the development of the Mount Laurel aquifer that reduces the volume of leakage to the Englishtown will cause an increase in the rate of water-level decline in the Englishtown even with no increase in direct withdrawals. The interrelationship and interdependency between pumping stresses in individual aquifers within the complex Coastal Plain aquifer sytem must be recognized and appreciated, and the hydrodynamics of all parts of the system must be considered if reliable predictions of aquifer response to these stresses are to be made. Such predictions generally require a simulation model analysis of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri76123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.D., 1977, Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-123, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76123.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_76_123.gif"},{"id":261954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/pdf/wrir76-123.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, W. D.","contributorId":73220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"W.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26506,"text":"wri7674 - 1976 - Appraisal of water resources in the Hackensack River basin, New Jersey","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55975,"text":"ofr7057 - 1970 - Appraisal of water resources in the Hackensack River basin, New Jersey","indexId":"ofr7057","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Appraisal of water resources in the Hackensack River basin, New Jersey"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":26506,"text":"wri7674 - 1976 - Appraisal of water resources in the Hackensack River basin, New Jersey","indexId":"wri7674","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Appraisal of water resources in the Hackensack River basin, New Jersey"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-26T11:46:38","indexId":"wri7674","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-74","title":"Appraisal of water resources in the Hackensack River basin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Hackensack River basin, in the northern part of the New Jersey-New York metropolitan area, includes some of the most highly urbanized areas in the United States as well as a largely undeveloped 23.4 square mile area of tidal marsh referred to as the Hackensack Meadows. Bedrock in the Hackensack River basin, consisting of the Newark Group of Triassic age, is composed of diabase dikes and sills and gently westward dipping sandstone, conglomerate, and shale. The Brunswick Formation of the Newark Group is the only important bedrock aquifer in the basin. Water occurs in this aquifer in joints and fractures. The zone of most abundant and largest water-bearing joints and fractures occurs generally within 200 feet of land surface in lowland areas of major streams and within 400 to 500 feet of land surface in upland areas. Reported yields of industrial and public-supply wells tapping the Brunswick are as much as 600 gpm (gallons per minute): the median yield is 100 gpm. The formation is anisotropic; the greatest permeability and thus the movement of water in response to pumping are parallel to the strike of bedding. Therefore, wells in well fields alined perpendicular to strike have minimum interference. The Newark Group is overlain by unconsolidated deposits of till, varved silt and clay, alluvium, and sand and gravel of Quaternary age. Sand and gravel aquifers consist of (1) deltaic deposits formed at the mouths of streams that entered ancient Lake Hackensack in the western part of the basin and (2) valley-fill deposits along the eastern side of the basin. These aquifers locally yield large quantities of water (greater than 300 gpm) to wells. The chemical quality of water in the Brunswick Formation is generally good, and the water is relatively low in dissolved mineral matter in the upper area of the Hackensack River basin. In the lower area of the basin, water in the Brunswick is highly mineralized: specific conductance ranges from 579 to 3,480 micromhos per centimeter at 25 °C; chloride content ranges from 19 to 755 mg/L (milligrams per liter); and sufate content ranges from 87 to 966 mg/L. Chemical quality in both the Brunswick Formation and the unconsolidated deposits in the lower area is affected by induced recharge of poor quality surface water from the Hackensack River and Newark Bay. Water quality in these surface water bodies is influenced by tidal flooding and by the disposal of an average of 57 mgd (million gallons per day) of sewage and industrial wastes in the Hackensack Meadows. Future development of ground-water supplies in the upper area of the basin is restricted, because such development would decrease surface-water supplies which are almost entirely utilized for water supply. Additional development of ground water in the lower area of the basin is limited by the small amount of ground water in the basin and by the intrusion of highly mineralized surface water into the aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri7674","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Carswell, L., 1976, Appraisal of water resources in the Hackensack River basin, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-74, vi, 68 p.; 2 Maps: 19 x 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7674.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.; 2 Maps: 19 x 27 inches","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_76_74.gif"},{"id":261956,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/74/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261959,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/74/pdf/Figure3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261957,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/74/pdf/wrir76-74.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261958,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/74/pdf/Figure2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Hackensack River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.16666666666667,40.583333333333336 ], [ -74.16666666666667,41.083333333333336 ], [ -73.83333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.583333333333336 ], [ -74.16666666666667,40.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a2f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, L.D.","contributorId":6435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}