Laboratory studies and a field demonstration were conducted to determine the ability of the Snap Sampler to recover representative concentrations of several types of inorganic analytes from ground water. Analytes included non-metals, transition metals, alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, and a metalloid. In the laboratory studies, concentrations of analytes in Snap Sampler samples were com-parable with concentrations of the analytes in samples collected from a standpipe (i.e., control samples). For the field demonstration, there were sampling events at the former Pease Air Force Base. Samples taken using a Snap Sampler were compared with samples collected using conventional low-flow purging and sampling and a regenerated cellulose passive diffusion sampler. Based upon statistical analyses, analyte concentrations were found to be equivalent to those in the low-flow samples with one exception – unfiltered iron, where concentrations were significantly higher in the Snap Sampler samples. Differences were most pronounced in samples collected from the two stainless steel wells and from wells with higher turbidity levels. Elevated turbidities may have resulted from installing additional sampling equipment (including the baffle, pump, samplers, and bottom weight) in the well before sampling. We will examine this issue further at our next test site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)","usgsCitation":"Parker, L., Mulherin, N., Gooch, G., Major, W., Willey, R., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Gibs, J., and Gronstal, D., 2011, Demonstration/validation of the Snap sampler passive groundwater sampling device: Technical Report ER-200630, xii, 101 p.","productDescription":"xii, 101 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-Restoration/Contaminated-Groundwater/Monitoring/ER-200630"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"former Pease Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.8614730834961,\n 43.03100396557044\n ],\n [\n -70.76122283935547,\n 43.03100396557044\n ],\n [\n -70.76122283935547,\n 43.11727473244876\n ],\n [\n -70.8614730834961,\n 43.11727473244876\n ],\n [\n -70.8614730834961,\n 43.03100396557044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Louise","contributorId":219977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulherin, Nathan","contributorId":219978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulherin","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gooch, Gordon","contributorId":219979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooch","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Major, William","contributorId":199844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Major","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willey, Richard","contributorId":219980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":773711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gronstal, Donald","contributorId":219981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gronstal","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70206141,"text":"70206141 - 2011 - Demonstration and validation of a regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion sampler for monitoring groundwater quality and remediation progress at DoD sites: Perchlorate and ordnance compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-23T16:11:10","indexId":"70206141","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T15:44:14","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"ER-200313","title":"Demonstration and validation of a regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion sampler for monitoring groundwater quality and remediation progress at DoD sites: Perchlorate and ordnance compounds","docAbstract":"This final technical report documents the demonstration and validation of regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion samplers (RCDM samplers) for use in collecting groundwater samples for perchlorate and a suite of explosives compounds. This project, ER-0313, was funded by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). The primary objectives of the project were; (1) to determine the usefulness of RCDM samplers in collecting perchlorate and a suite of explosives compounds from groundwater, (2) to determine the optimum equilibration times for these constituents to diffuse into the RCDM sampler, (3) to compare water-quality results and sampling costs from samples collected with RCDM samplers to samples collected with a low-flow purging technique, and (4) to transfer the technology while gaining regulatory acceptance. Equilibration times were determined in bench-scale testing for perchlorate and 14 nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives compounds. Field comparisons were conducted at two Department of Defense (DoD) sites: (1) Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG), Maryland, and, (2) Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. Samples collected with the two sampling techniques were compared graphically and statistically to determine the significance of any differences found. RCDM samplers were found to cost significantly less than samples collected with a low-flow purging procedure. Sampling time was reduced by 84%, compared to low-flow purging. The total sampling costs per sample were calculated to be 71% less with an RCDM sampler, compared to low-flow purging.
","language":"English","publisher":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Trotsky, J.S., 2011, Demonstration and validation of a regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion sampler for monitoring groundwater quality and remediation progress at DoD sites: Perchlorate and ordnance compounds: Technical Report ER-200313, ix, 75 p.","productDescription":"ix, 75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.serdp-estcp.org//Program-Areas/Environmental-Restoration/Contaminated-Groundwater/Monitoring/ER-200313"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Picatinny Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.49708938598633,\n 40.99687269742144\n ],\n [\n -74.52198028564453,\n 40.99039434748888\n ],\n [\n -74.56283569335938,\n 40.96473383005738\n ],\n [\n -74.58978652954102,\n 40.92959643692988\n ],\n [\n -74.59047317504883,\n 40.924927332167655\n ],\n [\n -74.57691192626953,\n 40.912085593022255\n ],\n [\n -74.54978942871094,\n 40.92907766380368\n ],\n [\n -74.51425552368164,\n 40.9520294770199\n ],\n [\n -74.49966430664062,\n 40.98521120919179\n ],\n [\n -74.49125289916992,\n 40.990264773996884\n ],\n [\n -74.49708938598633,\n 40.99687269742144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.18881225585938,\n 39.506689663850054\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 39.39799959542146\n ],\n [\n -76.34811401367188,\n 39.35713071920419\n ],\n [\n -76.36459350585938,\n 39.31783159381383\n ],\n [\n -76.27052307128906,\n 39.27372656321117\n ],\n [\n -76.04461669921875,\n 39.445738080447484\n ],\n [\n -76.05216979980469,\n 39.46853492354142\n ],\n [\n -76.13662719726562,\n 39.506689663850054\n ],\n [\n -76.18881225585938,\n 39.506689663850054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trotsky, Joseph S.","contributorId":219976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trotsky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004807,"text":"sir20115056 - 2011 - Hydrologic assessment of three drainage basins in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey, 2004-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5056","title":"Hydrologic assessment of three drainage basins in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey, 2004-06","docAbstract":"The New Jersey Pinelands is an ecologically diverse area in the southern New Jersey Coastal Plain, most of which overlies the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. The demand for groundwater from this aquifer system is increasing as local development increases. Because any increase in groundwater withdrawals has the potential to affect streamflows and wetland water levels, and ultimately threaten the ecological health and diversity of the Pinelands ecosystem, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission, began a multi-phase hydrologic investigation in 2004 to characterize the hydrologic system supporting the aquatic and wetland communities of the New Jersey Pinelands area (Pinelands). The current investigation of the hydrology of three representative drainage basins in the Pinelands (Albertson Brook, McDonalds Branch, and Morses Mill Stream basins) included a compilation of existing data; collection of water-level and streamflow data; mapping of the water-table altitude and depth to the water table; and analyses of water-level and streamflow variability, subsurface gradients and flow patterns, and water budgets. During 2004-06, a hydrologic database of existing and new data from wells and stream sites was compiled. Methods of data collection and analysis were defined, and data networks consisting of 471 wells and 106 surface-water sites were established. Hydrographs from 26 water-level-monitoring wells and four streamflow-gaging stations were analyzed to show the response of water levels and streamflow to precipitation and recharge with respect to the locations of these wells and streams within each basin. Water-level hydrographs show varying hydraulic gradients and flow potentials, and indicate that responses to recharge events vary with well depth and proximity to recharge and discharge areas. Results of the investigation provide a detailed characterization of hydrologic conditions, processes, and relations among the components of the hydrologic cycle in the Pinelands. In the Pinelands, recharge replenishes the aquifer system and contributes to groundwater flow, most of which moves to wetlands and surface water where natural discharge occurs. Some groundwater flow is intercepted by supply wells. Recharge rates generally are highest during the non-growing season and are inversely related to evapotranspiration. Analysis of subsurface hydraulic gradients, water-table fluctuations, and streamflow variability indicates a strong linkage between groundwater and wetlands, lakes and streams. Gradient analysis indicates that most wetlands are in groundwater discharge areas, but some wetlands are in groundwater recharge areas. The depth to the water table ranges from zero at surface-water features up to about 10 meters in topographically high areas. Depth to water fluctuates seasonally, and the magnitude of these fluctuations generally increases with distance from surface water. Variations in the permeability of the soils and sediments of the aquifer system strongly affect patterns of water movement through the subsurface and the interaction of groundwater with wetlands, lakes and streams. Mean annual streamflow during 2004-06 ranged from 83 to 106 percent of the long-term mean annual discharge, indicating that the data-collection period can be considered representative of average conditions. Measurements of groundwater levels, stream stage, and stream discharge and locations of start-of-flow are illustrated in basin-wide maps of water-table altitude, depth to the water table, and stream base flow during the period. Water-level data collected along 15 hydrologic transects that span the range of environments from uplands through wetlands to surface water were used to determine hydraulic gradients, potential flow directions, and areas of recharge and discharge. These data provide information about the localized interactions of groundwater with wetlands and surface water. Wetlands were categorized with r","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115056","usgsCitation":"Walker, R.L., Nicholson, R.S., and Storck, D.A., 2011, Hydrologic assessment of three drainage basins in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey, 2004-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5056, viii, 101 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115056.","productDescription":"viii, 101 p.; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":22680,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186338"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"NAD83","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.05,39.45 ], [ -75.05,40 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40 ], [ -74.33333333333333,39.45 ], [ -75.05,39.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Richard L.","contributorId":38961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storck, Donald A. dstorck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"Donald","email":"dstorck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004620,"text":"sir20115017 - 2011 - Arsenic, metals, and nutrients in runoff from two detention basins to Raccoon Creek, New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115017","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-14T10:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5017","title":"Arsenic, metals, and nutrients in runoff from two detention basins to Raccoon Creek, New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008","docAbstract":"Arsenic (As) concentrations in the waters of Raccoon Creek in southern New Jersey commonly exceed the State\\'s Surface Water Quality Standard (SWQS) for freshwater of 0.017 microgram per liter (mu or ug/L). In order to assess contributions of As from residential runoff to the creek, samples of runoff water were collected from a detention basin in each of two residential developments underlain by different geologic formations and at the outlets of those basins. Samples of streamwater also were collected from Raccoon Creek adjacent to the developments. The samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of As, selected metals, organic carbon, and nutrients. Soil samples in and downgradient from the basins also were collected and analyzed.\n\nConcentrations of As in unfiltered water samples of runoff from the basin underlain by glauconitic clays generally were higher (up to 4.35 mu or ug/L) than in runoff from the basin underlain by predominantly quartz sands and silts (up to 2.68 mu or ug/L). Chromium (Cr) concentrations also were higher in runoff from the basin underlain by glauconitic clays than in runoff from the basin underlain by quartz sand and silt. In addition, Cr concentrations were higher in the glauconitic soils than in the quartz-rich soils.\n\nMetals such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) in the runoff and in the streamwater were mostly in particulate form. Arsenic, most metals, and phosphorus (P) however, were mostly in dissolved form in runoff but in particulate form in the streamwater. Total organic carbon concentrations in the runoff ranged from about 10 to nearly 16 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Given such levels of organic carbon and strong correlations between concentrations of some metals and organic carbon, it may be that many of the metals were complexed with dissolved organic carbon and transported in that form in the runoff.\n\nAlthough underlying geologic materials and soils appear to be major contributors of As to the streamwater, As also could have been contributed from lead arsenate pesticide residues. The residential development underlain by quartz-rich sediments formerly had been an orchard where such pesticides may have been used. The substantial inputs of As to runoff at this site may be attributable to this former land use, although Pb concentrations were about the same in runoff from both sites. The streamwater at both sites, however, contained Pb concentrations well above those in runoff, indicating that there are additional inputs of Pb, perhaps from roadside soils, upstream from the two sampling sites in this study.\n\nPositive relations between concentrations of As and some metals with dissolved organic carbon in runoff and streamwater indicate that complexation with organic carbon may provide a mechanism by which these constituents can be transported. Sorption of As, Pb, and P to Fe hydroxides may be indicated by the observed positive relation of particulate As, Pb, and P to particulate Fe, however, representing an additional mechanism for transport of these constituents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115017","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Szabo, Z., Bonin, J., and McGee, C.K., 2011, Arsenic, metals, and nutrients in runoff from two detention basins to Raccoon Creek, New Jersey Coastal Plain, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5017, vi, 21 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115017.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"32","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5017.jpg"},{"id":21872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Gloucester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.41666666666667,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75.41666666666667,39.833333333333336 ], [ -75.13333333333334,39.833333333333336 ], [ -75.13333333333334,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75.41666666666667,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGee, Craig K.","contributorId":56772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001470,"text":"sir20115003 - 2011 - Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:47:16","indexId":"sir20115003","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5003","title":"Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010","docAbstract":"Pump and Treat (P&T) remediation is the primary technique used to contain and remove trichloroethylene (TCE) and its degradation products cis 1-2,dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) from groundwater at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. Three methods were used to determine the masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed from groundwater by the P&T system since it became fully operational in 1996. Method 1, is based on the flow volume and concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in groundwater that entered the P&T building as influent. Method 2 is based on withdrawal volume from each active recovery well and the concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in the water samples from each well. Method 3 compares the maximum monthly amount of TCE, cDCE, and VC from Method 1 and Method 2. The greater of the two values is selected to represent the masses of TCE, cDCE and VC removed from groundwater each month. Previously published P&T monthly reports used Method 1 to determine the mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed. The reports state that 8,666 pounds (lbs) of TCE, 13,689 lbs of cDCE, and 2,455 lbs of VC were removed by the P&T system during 1996-2010. By using Method 2, the mass removed was determined to be 8,985 lbs of TCE, 17,801 lbs of cDCE, and 3,056 lbs of VC removed, and Method 3, resulted in 10,602 lbs of TCE, 21,029 lbs of cDCE, and 3,496 lbs of VC removed. To determine the mass of original TCE removed from groundwater, the individual masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC (determined using Methods 1, 2, and 3) were converted to numbers of moles, summed, and converted to pounds of original TCE. By using the molar conversion the mass of original TCE removed from groundwater by Methods 1, 2, and 3 was 32,381 lbs, 39,535 lbs, and 46,452 lbs, respectively, during 1996-2010. P&T monthly reports state that 24,805 lbs of summed TCE, cDCE, and VC were removed from groundwater. The simple summing method underestimates the mass of original TCE removed by the P&T system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., 2011, Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5003, ix, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115003.","productDescription":"ix, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5003.png"},{"id":14630,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2244","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Mercer","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.80083333333333,40.266666666666666 ], [ -74.80083333333333,40.26694444444444 ], [ -74.80138888888888,40.26694444444444 ], [ -74.80138888888888,40.266666666666666 ], [ -74.80083333333333,40.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fda8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99132,"text":"sir20115033 - 2011 - Simulated effects of allocated and projected 2025 withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Gloucester and Northeastern Salem Counties, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115033","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5033","title":"Simulated effects of allocated and projected 2025 withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Gloucester and Northeastern Salem Counties, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in New Jersey, which includes the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers, are the principal source of groundwater supply in northern Gloucester and northeastern Salem Counties in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Water levels in these aquifers have declined in response to pumping. With increased population growth and development expected in Gloucester County and parts of Salem County over the next 2 decades (2005-2025), withdrawals from these aquifers also are expected to increase.\r\n\r\nA steady-state groundwater-flow model, developed to simulate flow in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in northern Gloucester and northeastern Salem Counties, was calibrated to withdrawal conditions in 1998, when groundwater withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the model area were more than 10,100 Mgal/yr (million gallons per year). Withdrawals from water-purveyor wells accounted for about 63 percent of these withdrawals, and withdrawals from industrial self-supply wells accounted for about 32 percent. Withdrawals from agricultural-irrigation, commercial self-supply, and domestic self-supply wells accounted for the remaining 5 percent. Results of the 2000 baseline groundwater-flow simulation, incorporating average annual 1999-2001 groundwater withdrawals, indicate that the average simulated water levels in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers are 31, 27, and 30 feet below the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), respectively, and the lowest simulated water levels are 77, 65, and 59 feet below NGVD 29, respectively.\r\n\r\nIn the full-allocation scenario, the maximum State-permitted (allocated) groundwater withdrawals totaled 16,567 Mgal/yr, an increase of 72 percent from the 2000 baseline simulation. Results of the full-allocation simulation indicate that the average simulated water levels in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers are 49, 43, and 48 feet below NGVD 29, respectively, which are 18, 16, and 18 feet lower, respectively, than in the 2000 baseline simulation. The lowest simulated water levels are 156, 95, and 69 feet below NGVD 29, respectively, which are 79, 30, and 10 feet lower, respectively, than in the 2000 baseline simulation. Simulated net flow from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system to streams is 8,441 Mgal/yr in the 2000 baseline simulation but is 6,018 Mgal/yr in the full-allocation scenario, a decrease of 29 percent from the 2000 baseline simulation. Simulated net flow in the 2000 baseline simulation is 1,183 Mgal/yr from the aquifer system to the Delaware River but in the full-allocation scenario is 1,816 Mgal/yr from the river to the aquifer system.\r\n\r\nFour other simulations were conducted that incorporated full-allocation conditions at water-purveyor wells in Critical Area 2 but increased or decreased withdrawals at selected water-purveyor wells outside Critical Area 2 and agricultural-irrigation and industrial-self-supply wells in the study area. The results of the four simulations also indicate net flow from the Delaware River to the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system.\r\n\r\nA growth scenario was developed to simulate future withdrawals in 2025 estimated from population projections for municipalities in the Salem-Gloucester study area. Simulated withdrawals for this scenario totaled 10,261 Mgal/yr, an increase of 6 percent from the 2000 baseline simulation. This total includes about 25 Mgal/yr withdrawn from the Englishtown aquifer system for domestic self-supply. This scenario incorporated full-allocation withdrawals at water-purveyor wells in Critical Area 2, and increased withdrawals at water-purveyor wells outside Critical Area 2. Results of this simulation indicate that the average simulated water levels in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers are 32, 29, and 32 feet below NGVD 29, respectively, which are 1, 2, and ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Charles, E.G., Nawyn, J.P., Voronin, L.M., and Gordon, A.D., 2011, Simulated effects of allocated and projected 2025 withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Gloucester and Northeastern Salem Counties, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5033, xii, 145 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115033.","productDescription":"xii, 145 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5033.png"},{"id":14581,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,39 ], [ -76,41 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -73,39 ], [ -76,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nawyn, John P. 0000-0002-9918-8394 jnawyn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8394","contributorId":4308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nawyn","given":"John","email":"jnawyn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voronin, Lois M. 0000-0002-1064-1675 lvoronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-1675","contributorId":1475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voronin","given":"Lois","email":"lvoronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gordon, Alison D. 0000-0002-9502-8633 agordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-8633","contributorId":890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Alison","email":"agordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035721,"text":"70035721 - 2011 - Distribution and seasonal dynamics of arsenic in a shallow lake in northwestern New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T09:58:09","indexId":"70035721","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and seasonal dynamics of arsenic in a shallow lake in northwestern New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) occurred during warm months in water from the outlet of Lake Mohawk in northwestern New Jersey. The shallow manmade lake is surrounded by residential development and used for recreation. Eutrophic conditions are addressed by alum and copper sulfate applications and aerators operating in the summer. In September 2005, arsenite was dominant in hypoxic to anoxic bottom water. Filterable As concentrations were about 1.6–2 times higher than those in the upper water column (23–25 μg/L, mostly arsenate). Hypoxic/anoxic and near-neutral bottom conditions formed during the summer, but became more oxic and alkaline as winter approached. Acid-leachable As concentrations in lake-bed sediments ranged up to 694 mg/kg in highly organic material from the tops of sediment cores but were <15 mg/kg in geologic substrate. During warm months, reduced As from the sediment diffuses into the water column and is oxidized; mixing by aerators, wind, and boat traffic spreads arsenate and metals, some in particulate form, throughout the water column. Similar levels of As in sediments of lakes treated with arsenic pesticides indicate that most of the As in Lake Mohawk probably derives from past use of arsenical pesticides, although records of applications are lacking. The annual loss of As at the lake outlet is only about 0.01% of the As calculated to be in the sediments, indicating that elevated levels of As in the lake will persist for decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10653-010-9289-7","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J.L., Szabo, Z., Wilson, T., Bonin, J., Kratzer, T., Cenno, K., Romagna, T., Alebus, M., and Hirst, B., 2011, Distribution and seasonal dynamics of arsenic in a shallow lake in northwestern New Jersey, USA: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-010-9289-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mohawk","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.65115547180176,\n 41.036765293038194\n ],\n [\n -74.6645450592041,\n 41.0204485149169\n ],\n [\n -74.65930938720703,\n 41.02031900050546\n ],\n [\n -74.65948104858398,\n 41.0191533593421\n ],\n [\n -74.67278480529785,\n 41.012482904826015\n ],\n [\n -74.67347145080566,\n 41.014620114274955\n ],\n [\n -74.6769905090332,\n 41.01403724584675\n ],\n [\n -74.6854019165039,\n 41.007495813151536\n ],\n [\n -74.68445777893066,\n 41.003220862709\n ],\n [\n -74.67098236083984,\n 41.00600608917637\n ],\n [\n -74.6561336517334,\n 41.01202954845378\n ],\n [\n -74.63836669921874,\n 41.0313915626804\n ],\n [\n -74.65115547180176,\n 41.036765293038194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029fe4b0c8380cd50128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, J. L.","contributorId":13994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, T.P. 0000-0003-1914-6344","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":99795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonin, J.L. 0000-0002-5813-3549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-3549","contributorId":55642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kratzer, T.","contributorId":105532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cenno, K.","contributorId":66919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cenno","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Romagna, T.","contributorId":37155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romagna","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Alebus, M.","contributorId":84166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alebus","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hirst, B.","contributorId":78555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirst","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70003524,"text":"70003524 - 2010 - Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T18:02:42.280467","indexId":"70003524","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments that underlie the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey contain the arsenic-rich mineral glauconite. Streambed sediments in two Inner Coastal Plain streams (Crosswicks and Raccoon Creeks) that traverse these glauconitic deposits are enriched in arsenic (15–25 mg/kg), and groundwater discharging to the streams contains elevated levels of arsenic (>80 μg/L at a site on Crosswicks Creek) with arsenite generally the dominant species. Low dissolved oxygen, low or undetectable levels of nitrate and sulfate, detectable sulfide concentrations, and high concentrations of iron and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the groundwater indicate that reducing environments are present beneath the streambeds and that microbial activity, fueled by the DOC, is involved in releasing arsenic and iron from the geologic materials. In groundwater with the highest arsenic concentrations at Crosswicks Creek, arsenic respiratory reductase gene (arrA) indicated the presence of arsenic-reducing microbes. From extracted DNA, 16s rRNA gene sequences indicate the microbial community may include arsenic-reducing bacteria that have not yet been described. Once in the stream, iron is oxidized and precipitates as hydroxide coatings on the sediments. Arsenite also is oxidized and co-precipitates with or is sorbed to the iron hydroxides. Consequently, dissolved arsenic concentrations are lower in streamwater than in the groundwater, but the arsenic contributed by groundwater becomes part of the arsenic load in the stream when sediments are suspended during high flow. A strong positive relation between concentrations of arsenic and DOC in the groundwater samples indicates that any process—natural or anthropogenic—that increases the organic carbon concentration in the groundwater could stimulate microbial activity and thus increase the amount of arsenic that is released from the geologic materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.047","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Mumford, A., Young, L.Y., Reilly, P.A., Bonin, J., and Rosman, R., 2010, Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA: Water Research, v. 44, no. 19, p. 5532-5544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.047.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5532","endPage":"5544","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Crosswicks Creek, Inner Coastal Plain, Raccoon Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -74.62188720703125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -74.62188720703125,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ],\n [\n -75.01739501953125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ],\n [\n -75.01739501953125,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumford, Adam","contributorId":76457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumford","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Lily Y.","contributorId":19697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Lily","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004062,"text":"70004062 - 2010 - Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:16:23","indexId":"70004062","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Trenton, New Jersey, a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated site in the Newark Basin, is developed using an understanding of the geologic history of the strata, gamma-ray logs, and rock cores. NAWC is the newest field research site established as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, and DoD Environmental Security Technology Certification Program to investigate contaminant remediation in fractured rock.\n\nSedimentary bedrock at the NAWC research site comprises the Skunk Hollow, Byram, and Ewing Creek Members of the Lockatong Formation and Raven Rock Member of the Stockton Formation. Muds of the Lockatong Formation that were deposited in Van Houten cycles during the Triassic have lithified to form the bedrock that is typical of much of the Newark Basin. Four lithotypes formed from the sediments include black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone, dark-gray laminated mudstone, light-gray massive mudstone, and red massive mudstone. Diagenesis, tectonic compression, off-loading, and weathering have altered the rocks to give some strata greater hydraulic conductivity than other strata. Each stratum in the Lockatong Formation is 0.3 to 8 m thick, strikes N65 degrees E, and dips 25 degrees to 70 degrees NW. The black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone tends to fracture easily, has a relatively high hydraulic conductivity and is associated with high natural gamma-ray count rates. The dark-gray laminated mudstone is less fractured and has a lower hydraulic conductivity than the black carbon-rich laminated mudstone. The light-gray and the red massive mudstones are highly indurated and tend to have the least fractures and a low hydraulic conductivity.\n\nThe differences in gamma-ray count rates for different mudstones allow gamma-ray logs to be used to correlate and delineate the lithostratigraphy from multiple wells. Gamma-ray logs and rock cores were correlated to develop a 13-layer gamma-ray stratigraphy and 41-layer lithostratigraphy throughout the fractured sedimentary rock research site.\n\nDetailed hydrogeologic framework shows that black carbon-rich laminated mudstones are the most hydraulically conductive. Water-quality and aquifer-test data indicate that groundwater flow is greatest and TCE contamination is highest in the black, carbon- and clay-rich laminated mudstones. Large-scale groundwater flow at the NAWC research site can be modeled as highly anisotropic with the highest component of permeability occurring along bedding planes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01275.x","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., and Burton, W.C., 2010, Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 30, no. 2, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01275.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Newark Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99002,"text":"sir20095179 - 2010 - Hydrostratigraphy, soil/sediment chemistry, and water quality, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Puchack Well Field Superfund site and vicinity, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"sir20095179","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5179","title":"Hydrostratigraphy, soil/sediment chemistry, and water quality, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Puchack Well Field Superfund site and vicinity, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"Drinking-water supplies from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system at the Puchack well field in Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, have been contaminated by hexavalent chromium-the most toxic and mobile form-at concentrations exceeding the New Jersey maximum contaminant level of 100 micrograms per liter. Also, scattered but widespread instances of volatile organic compounds (primarily trichloroethylene) at concentrations that exceed their respective maximum contaminant levels in the area's ground water have been reported. Because inorganic and organic contaminants are present in the ground water underlying the Puchack well field, no water from there has been withdrawn for public supply since 1998, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) added the area that contains the Puchack well field to the National Priorities List.\r\n\r\nAs part of the USEPA's investigation of the Puchack Well Field Superfund site, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study during 1997-2001 to (1) refine previous interpretations of the hydrostratigraphic framework, hydraulic gradients, and local directions of ground-water flow; (2) describe the chemistry of soils and saturated aquifer sediments; and (3) document the quality of ground water in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the area.\r\n\r\nThe four major water-bearing units of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system-the Upper aquifer (mostly unsaturated in the study area), the Middle aquifer, the Intermediate Sand (a local but important unit), and the Lower aquifer-are separated by confining units. The confining units contain areas of cut and fill, resulting in permeable zones that permit water to pass through them. Pumping from the Puchack well field during the past 3 decades resulted in downward hydraulic gradients that moved contaminants into the Lower aquifer, in which the production wells are finished, and caused ground water to flow northeast, locally. A comparison of current (1997-2001) water levels near the site of the former pumping center with data from previous investigations indicates that, since pumping at the Puchack well field ceased, the dominant local ground-water flow direction is to the southeast, aligned with regional flow.\r\n\r\nChromium concentrations were highest (8,010 micrograms per liter in 2000-01) in water from the Middle aquifer immediately downgradient from a possible source; the extent of this chromium plume is unknown but appears to be small. A second, unrelated, localized chromium plume also was identified in the Middle aquifer. The Intermediate Sand was found to contain an areally extensive plume of chromium-contaminated water, with concentrations up to 6,310 micrograms per liter in 2000-01, and another plume of about the same size, with concentrations up to 4,810 micrograms per liter in 2000-01, was identified in the Lower aquifer. The previous USGS investigation indicated the approximate extent of the combined plumes; the current delineation indicates that their locations have shifted slightly to the southeast since 1998.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of chromium in ground water decreased at some well locations by as much as 60 percent between sampling rounds in 1997-98 and 1999-2001. The decrease in chromium concentration at a given well could be the result of the chemical reduction of hexavalent chromium and precipitation of the resulting trivalent chromium, the sorption of hexavalent chromium to aquifer materials, or the physical movement of the plumes. Available data indicate that all three processes likely have affected concentrations. The distribution of hexavalent and total chromium in the soils and sediments of a possible source area indicates that some hexavalent chromium has undergone chemical reduction in the soils, but the degree to which this process takes place in the aquifer currently is not known. Nor is it known whether contaminated soils continue to contribute chromium to the aquifer system.\r\n\r\nContamination by vola","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Walker, R.L., Jacobsen, E., and Jankowski, P., 2010, Hydrostratigraphy, soil/sediment chemistry, and water quality, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Puchack Well Field Superfund site and vicinity, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5179, xvi, 123 p.; Appendices; Plate 1: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 2: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 3: 36 inches x 48 inches;, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095179.","productDescription":"xvi, 123 p.; Appendices; Plate 1: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 2: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 3: 36 inches x 48 inches;","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14439,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5179.bmp"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.11666666666666,39.884166666666665 ], [ -75.11666666666666,40.016666666666666 ], [ -74.91666666666667,40.016666666666666 ], [ -74.91666666666667,39.884166666666665 ], [ -75.11666666666666,39.884166666666665 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Richard L.","contributorId":38961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobsen, Eric jacobsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Eric","email":"jacobsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jankowski, Pamela","contributorId":50128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220143,"text":"70220143 - 2010 - Geological sources of radionuclides and arsenic in Triassic age rift-valley sediments (Newark Supergroup) and implications for distribution in groundwater in Mercer County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:23:26.831417","indexId":"70220143","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T08:42:16","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geological sources of radionuclides and arsenic in Triassic age rift-valley sediments (Newark Supergroup) and implications for distribution in groundwater in Mercer County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the greater Trenton area and its impact on the capital city: Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting Geological Association of New Jersey : October 8-9, 2010: Field guide and proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting Geological Association of New Jersey","conferenceDate":"October 8-9, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Trenton, NJ","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Associaton of New Jersey","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Barringer, J., and Spayd, S., 2010, Geological sources of radionuclides and arsenic in Triassic age rift-valley sediments (Newark Supergroup) and implications for distribution in groundwater in Mercer County, New Jersey, in Geology of the greater Trenton area and its impact on the capital city: Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting Geological Association of New Jersey : October 8-9, 2010: Field guide and proceedings, Trenton, NJ, October 8-9, 2010, p. 89-91.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ganj.org/ganjpubs.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Mercer 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Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barringer, Julia jbarring@usgs.gov","contributorId":169542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia","email":"jbarring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spayd, Steve","contributorId":225551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spayd","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41161,"text":"New Jersey Geological and Water Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98926,"text":"sir20105204 - 2010 - Organic compounds and cadmium in the tributaries to the Elizabeth River in New Jersey, October 2008 to November 2008: Phase II of the New Jersey Toxics Reduction Workplan for New York-New Jersey Harbor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105204","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5204","title":"Organic compounds and cadmium in the tributaries to the Elizabeth River in New Jersey, October 2008 to November 2008: Phase II of the New Jersey Toxics Reduction Workplan for New York-New Jersey Harbor","docAbstract":"Samples of surface water and suspended sediment were collected from the two branches that make up the Elizabeth River in New Jersey - the West Branch and the Main Stem - from October to November 2008 to determine the concentrations of selected chlorinated organic and inorganic constituents. The sampling and analyses were conducted as part of Phase II of the New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Plan-Contaminant Assessment and Reduction Program (CARP), which is overseen by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Phase II of the New Jersey Workplan was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to define upstream tributary and point sources of contaminants in those rivers sampled during Phase I work, with special emphasis on the Passaic and Elizabeth Rivers. This portion of the Phase II study was conducted on the two branches of the Elizabeth River, which were previously sampled during July and August of 2003 at low-flow conditions. Samples were collected during 2008 from the West Branch and Main Stem of the Elizabeth River just upstream from their confluence at Hillside, N.J.\r\n\r\nBoth tributaries were sampled once during low-flow discharge conditions and once during high-flow discharge conditions using the protocols and analytical methods that were used in the initial part of Phase II of the Workplan. Grab samples of streamwater also were collected at each site and were analyzed for cadmium, suspended sediment, and particulate organic carbon. The measured concentrations, along with available historical suspended-sediment and stream-discharge data were used to estimate average annual loads of suspended sediment and organic compounds in the two branches of the Elizabeth River. Total suspended-sediment loads for 1975 to 2000 were estimated using rating curves developed from historical U.S. Geological Survey suspended-sediment and discharge data, where available.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of suspended-sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Main Stem and the West Branch of the Elizabeth River during low-flow conditions were 534 ng/g (nanograms per gram) and 1,120 ng/g, respectively, representing loads of 27 g/yr (grams per year) and 416 g/yr, respectively. These loads were estimated using contaminant concentrations during low flow, and the assumed 25-year average discharge, and 25-year average suspended-sediment concentration. Concentrations of suspended-sediment-bound PCBs in the Main Stem and the West Branch of the Elizabeth River during high-flow conditions were 3,530 ng/g and 623 ng/g, respectively, representing loads of 176 g/yr and 231 g/yr, respectively. These loads were estimated using contaminant concentrations during high-flow conditions, the assumed 25-year average discharge, and 25-year average suspended-sediment concentration. Concentrations of suspended-sediment-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-difuran compounds (PCDD/PCDFs) during low-flow conditions were 2,880 pg/g (picograms per gram) and 5,910 pg/g in the Main Stem and West Branch, respectively, representing average annual loads of 0.14 g/yr and 2.2 g/yr, respectively. Concentrations of suspended-sediment-bound PCDD/PCDFs during high-flow conditions were 40,900 pg/g and 12,400 pg/g in the Main Stem and West Branch, respectively, representing average annual loads of 2.05 g/yr and 4.6 g/yr, respectively. Total toxic equivalency (TEQ) loads (sum of PCDD/PCDF and PCB TEQs) were 3.1 mg/yr (milligrams per year) (as 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD) in the Main Stem and 28 mg/yr in the West Branch during low-flow conditions. Total TEQ loads (sum of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs) were 27 mg/yr (as 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD) in the Main Stem and 32 mg/yr in the West Branch during high-flow conditions. All of these load estimates, however, are directly related to the assumed annual discharge for the two branches. Long-term measurement of stream discharge and suspended-sediment concentrations would be needed to verify these loads. On the basis of the loads cal","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105204","usgsCitation":"Bonin, J., 2010, Organic compounds and cadmium in the tributaries to the Elizabeth River in New Jersey, October 2008 to November 2008: Phase II of the New Jersey Toxics Reduction Workplan for New York-New Jersey Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5204, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105204.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5204.png"},{"id":14348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.58333333333333,41.11666666666667 ], [ -74.58333333333333,40.25 ], [ -77.58333333333333,40.25 ], [ -77.58333333333333,41.11666666666667 ], [ -74.58333333333333,41.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6910d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98877,"text":"sir20105151 - 2010 - Relation of water quality to land use in the drainage basins of six tributaries to the lower Delaware River, New Jersey, 2002-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105151","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5151","title":"Relation of water quality to land use in the drainage basins of six tributaries to the lower Delaware River, New Jersey, 2002-07","docAbstract":"Concentrations and loads of water-quality constituents in six streams in the lower Delaware River Basin of New Jersey were determined in a multi-year study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Two streams receive water from relatively undeveloped basins, two from largely agricultural basins, and two from heavily urbanized basins. Each stream was monitored during eight storms and at least eight times during base flow during 2002-07. Sampling was conducted during base flow before each storm, when stage was first observed to rise, and several times during the rising limb of the hydrographs. Agricultural and urban land use has resulted in statistically significant increases in loads of nitrogen and phosphorus species relative to loads in undeveloped basins. For example, during the growing season, median storm flow concentrations of total nitrogen in the two streams in agricultural areas were 6,290 and 1,760 mg/L, compared to 988 and 823 mg/L for streams in urban areas, and 719 and 333 mg/L in undeveloped areas. Although nutrient concentrations and loads were clearly related to land useurban, agricultural, and undeveloped within the drainage basins, other basin characteristics were found to be important. Residual nutrients entrapped in lake sediments from streams that received effluent from recently removed sewage-treatment plants are hypothesized to be the cause of extremely high levels of nutrient loads to one urban stream, whereas another urban stream with similar land-use percentages (but without the legacy of sewage-treatment plants) had much lower levels of nutrients. One of the two agricultural streams studied had higher nutrient loads than the other, especially for total phosphorous and organic nitrogen. This difference appears to be related to the presence (or absence) of livestock (cattle).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.J., and Esralew, R.A., 2010, Relation of water quality to land use in the drainage basins of six tributaries to the lower Delaware River, New Jersey, 2002-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5151, x, 52 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105151.","productDescription":"x, 52 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5151.jpg"},{"id":14294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,39 ], [ -76,40.5 ], [ -74,40.5 ], [ -74,39 ], [ -76,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esralew, Rachel A.","contributorId":104862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98637,"text":"sir20105088 - 2010 - Trends in the quality of water in New Jersey streams, water years 1998-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105088","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5088","title":"Trends in the quality of water in New Jersey streams, water years 1998-2007","docAbstract":"Trends were determined in flow-adjusted values of selected water-quality characteristics measured year-round during water years 1998-2007 (October 1, 1997, through September 30, 2007) at 70 stations on New Jersey streams. Water-quality characteristics included in the analysis are dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, total organic nitrogen plus ammonia, and dissolved nitrate plus nitrite. In addition, trend tests also were conducted on measurements of dissolved oxygen made only during the growing season, April to September. Nearly all the water-quality data analyzed were collected by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Ambient Surface-Water Quality Monitoring Network.\r\n\r\nMonotonic trends in flow-adjusted values of water quality were determined by use of procedures in the ESTREND computer program. A 0.05 level of significance was selected to indicate a trend. Results of tests were not reported if there were an insufficient number of measurements or insufficient number of detected concentrations, or if the results of the tests were affected by a change in data-collection methods.\r\n\r\nTrends in values of dissolved oxygen, pH, and total dissolved solids were identified using the Seasonal Kendall test. Trends or no trends in year-round concentrations of dissolved oxygen were determined for 66 stations; decreases at 4 stations and increases at 0 stations were identified. Trends or no trends in growing-season concentrations of dissolved oxygen were determined for 65 stations; decreases at 4 stations and increases at 4 stations were identified. Tests of pH values determined trends or no trends at 26 stations; decreases at 2 stations and increases at 3 stations were identified. Trends or no trends in total dissolved solids were reported for all 70 stations; decreases at 0 stations and increases at 24 stations were identified.\r\n\r\nTrends in total phosphorus, total organic nitrogen plus ammonia, and dissolved nitrate plus nitrite were identified by use of Tobit regression. Two sets of trend tests were conducted-one set with all measurements and a second set with all measurements except the most extreme outlier if one could be identified. The result of the test with all measurements is reported if the results of the two tests are equivalent. The result of the test without the outlier is reported if the results of the two tests are not equivalent.\r\n\r\nTrends or no trends in total phosphorus were determined for 69 stations. Decreases at 12 stations and increases at 5 stations were identified. Of the five stations on the Delaware River included in this study, decreases in concentration were identified at four.\r\n\r\nTrends or no trends in total organic nitrogen plus ammonia were determined for 69 stations. Decreases and increases in concentrations were identified at six and nine stations, respectively.\r\n\r\nTrends or no trends in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite were determined for 66 stations. Decreases and increases in concentration were identified at 4 and 19 stations, respectively.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Hickman, R.E., and Gray, B., 2010, Trends in the quality of water in New Jersey streams, water years 1998-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5088, vi, 70 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105088.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1997-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5088.png"},{"id":14038,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.916666666666664 ], [ -76,41.416666666666664 ], [ -73.5,41.416666666666664 ], [ -73.5,38.916666666666664 ], [ -76,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Bonnie J.","contributorId":89624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Bonnie J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98581,"text":"sir20105079 - 2010 - Evaluating effects of potential changes in streamflow regime on fish and aquatic-invertebrate assemblages in the New Jersey Pinelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105079","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5079","title":"Evaluating effects of potential changes in streamflow regime on fish and aquatic-invertebrate assemblages in the New Jersey Pinelands","docAbstract":"Changes in water demand associated with population growth and changes in land-use practices in the Pinelands region of southern New Jersey will have a direct effect on stream hydrology. The most pronounced and measurable hydrologic effect is likely to be flow reductions associated with increasing water extraction. Because water-supply needs will continue to grow along with population in the Pinelands area, the goal of maintaining a sustainable balance between the availability of water to protect existing aquatic assemblages while conserving the surficial aquifer for long-term support of human water use needs to be addressed.\r\n\r\nAlthough many aquatic fauna have shown resilience and resistance to short-term changes in flows associated with water withdrawals, sustained effects associated with ongoing water-development processes are not well understood. In this study, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled forty-three 100-meter-long stream reaches during high- and low-flow periods across a designed hydrologic gradient ranging from small- (4.1 square kilometers (1.6 square miles)) to medium- (66.3 square kilometers (25.6 square miles)) sized Pinelands stream basins. This design, which uses basin size as a surrogate for water availability, provided an opportunity to evaluate the possible effects of potential variation in stream hydrology on fish and aquatic-invertebrate assemblage response in New Jersey Pinelands streams where future water extraction is expected based on known build-out scenarios. Multiple-regression models derived from extracted non-metric multidimensional scaling axis scores of fish and aquatic invertebrates indicate that some variability in aquatic-assemblage composition across the hydrologic gradient is associated with anthropogenic disturbance, such as urbanization, changes in stream chemistry, and concomitant changes in high-flow runoff patterns. To account for such underlying effects in the study models, any flow parameter or assemblage attribute that was found to be significantly correlated (|rho| = 0.5000) to known anthropogenic drivers (for example, the amount of urbanization in the basin) was eliminated from analysis. A reduced set of low- and annual-flow hydrologic variables, found to be unrelated to anthropogenic influences, was used to develop assemblage-response models. Many linear (monotonic) and curvilinear bivariate flow-ecology response models were developed for fish and invertebrate assemblages. For example, the duration and magnitude of low-flow events were significant predictors of invertebrate-assemblage complexity (for example, invertebrate-species richness, Plecoptera richness, and Ephemeroptera abundance); however, response models between flow attributes and fish-assemblage structure were, in all cases, more poorly fit. Annual flow variability also was important, especially variability across mean minimum monthly flows and annual mean streamflow. In general, all response models followed upward or downward trends that would be expected given hydrologic changes in Pinelands streams. This study demonstrates that the structural and functional response of aquatic assemblages of the Pinelands ecosystem resulting from changes in water-use practices associated with population growth and increased water extraction may be predictable.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission","usgsCitation":"Kennen, J., and Riskin, M.L., 2010, Evaluating effects of potential changes in streamflow regime on fish and aquatic-invertebrate assemblages in the New Jersey Pinelands: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5079, vi, 34 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105079.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13979,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.25,39 ], [ -75.25,40 ], [ -74.25,40 ], [ -74.25,39 ], [ -75.25,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riskin, Melissa L. 0000-0001-6499-3775 mriskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-3775","contributorId":654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riskin","given":"Melissa","email":"mriskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98529,"text":"sir20105093 - 2010 - Sediment oxygen demand in the Saddle River and Salem River watersheds, New Jersey, July-August 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105093","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5093","title":"Sediment oxygen demand in the Saddle River and Salem River watersheds, New Jersey, July-August 2008","docAbstract":"Many factors, such as river depth and velocity, biochemical oxygen demand, and algal productivity, as well as sediment oxygen demand, can affect the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water column. Measurements of sediment oxygen demand, in conjunction with those of other water-column water-quality constituents, are useful for quantifying the mechanisms that affect in-stream dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Sediment-oxygen-demand rates are also needed to develop and calibrate a water-quality model being developed for the Saddle River and Salem River Basins in New Jersey to predict dissolved-oxygen concentrations. This report documents the methods used to measure sediment oxygen demand in the Saddle River and Salem River watersheds along with the rates of sediment oxygen demand that were obtained during this investigation.\r\n\r\nIn July and August 2008, sediment oxygen demand was measured in situ in the Saddle River and Salem River watersheds. In the Saddle River Basin, sediment oxygen demand was measured twice at two sites and once at a third location; in the Salem River Basin, sediment oxygen demand was measured three times at two sites and once at a third location.\r\n\r\nIn situ measurements of sediment oxygen demand in the Saddle River and Salem River watersheds ranged from 0.8 to 1.4 g/m2d (grams per square meter per day) and from 0.6 to 7.1 g/m2d at 20 degrees Celsius, respectively. Except at one site in this study, rates of sediment oxygen demand generally were low. The highest rate of sediment oxygen demand measured during this investigation, 7.1 g/m2d, which occurred at Courses Landing in the Salem River Basin, may be attributable to the consumption of oxygen by a large amount of organic matter (54 grams per kilogram as organic carbon) in the streambed sediments or to potential error during data collection. In general, sediment oxygen demand increased with the concentration of organic carbon in the streambed sediments. Repeated measurements made 6 to 7 days apart at the same site locations resulted in similar values.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Heckathorn, H.A., and Gibs, J., 2010, Sediment oxygen demand in the Saddle River and Salem River watersheds, New Jersey, July-August 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5093, x, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105093.","productDescription":"x, 10 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-07-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5093.jpg"},{"id":13919,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.25,40.833333333333336 ], [ -74.25,41.166666666666664 ], [ -74,41.166666666666664 ], [ -74,40.833333333333336 ], [ -74.25,40.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heckathorn, Heather A. haheck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heckathorn","given":"Heather","email":"haheck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98488,"text":"sir20105102 - 2010 - Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105102","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5102","title":"Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins","docAbstract":"Groundwater mounding occurs beneath stormwater management structures designed to infiltrate stormwater runoff. Concentrating recharge in a small area can cause groundwater mounding that affects the basements of nearby homes and other structures. Methods for quantitatively predicting the height and extent of groundwater mounding beneath and near stormwater\r\n\r\nFinite-difference groundwater-flow simulations of infiltration from hypothetical stormwater infiltration structures (which are typically constructed as basins or dry wells) were done for 10-acre and 1-acre developments. Aquifer and stormwater-runoff characteristics in the model were changed to determine which factors are most likely to have the greatest effect on simulating the maximum height and maximum extent of groundwater mounding. Aquifer characteristics that were changed include soil permeability, aquifer thickness, and specific yield. Stormwater-runoff variables that were changed include magnitude of design storm, percentage of impervious area, infiltration-structure depth (maximum depth of standing water), and infiltration-basin shape. Values used for all variables are representative of typical physical conditions and stormwater management designs in New Jersey but do not include all possible values. Results are considered to be a representative, but not all-inclusive, subset of likely results.\r\n\r\nMaximum heights of simulated groundwater mounds beneath stormwater infiltration structures are the most sensitive to (show the greatest change with changes to) soil permeability. The maximum height of the groundwater mound is higher when values of soil permeability, aquifer thickness, or specific yield are decreased or when basin depth is increased or the basin shape is square (and values of other variables are held constant). Changing soil permeability, aquifer thickness, specific yield, infiltration-structure depth, or infiltration-structure shape does not change the volume of water infiltrated, it changes the shape or height of the groundwater mound resulting from the infiltration. An aquifer with a greater soil permeability or aquifer thickness has an increased ability to transmit water away from the source of infiltration than aquifers with lower soil permeability; therefore, the maximum height of the groundwater mound will be lower, and the areal extent of mounding will be larger.\r\n\r\nThe maximum height of groundwater mounding is higher when values of design storm magnitude or percentage of impervious cover (from which runoff is captured) are increased (and other variables are held constant) because the total volume of water to be infiltrated is larger. The larger the volume of infiltrated water the higher the head required to move that water away from the source of recharge if the physical characteristics of the aquifer are unchanged. The areal extent of groundwater mounding increases when soil permeability, aquifer thickness, design-storm magnitude, or percentage of impervious cover are increased (and values of other variables are held constant).\r\n\r\nFor 10-acre sites, the maximum heights of the simulated groundwater mound range from 0.1 to 18.5 feet (ft). The median of the maximum-height distribution from 576 simulations is 1.8 ft. The maximum areal extent (measured from the edge of the infiltration basins) of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 300 ft with a median of 51 ft for 576 simulations. Stormwater infiltration at a 1-acre development was simulated, incorporating the assumption that the hypothetical infiltration structure would be a pre-cast concrete dry well having side openings and an open bottom. The maximum heights of the simulated groundwater-mounds range from 0.01 to 14.0 ft. The median of the maximum-height distribution from 432 simulations is 1.0 ft. The maximum areal extent of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 100 ft with a median of 10 ft for 432 simulations.\r\n\r\nSimulated height and extent of groundwater mounding associ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Carleton, G.B., 2010, Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5102, vii, 64 p.; 1 Appendix (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105102.","productDescription":"vii, 64 p.; 1 Appendix (xls)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5102.jpg"},{"id":13874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d1e4b07f02db54762a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carleton, Glen B. 0000-0002-7666-4407 carleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-4407","contributorId":3795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Glen","email":"carleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004980,"text":"70004980 - 2010 - Variability of mercury concentrations in domestic well water, New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-26T11:56:46","indexId":"70004980","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-16T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variability of mercury concentrations in domestic well water, New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Concentrations of total (unfiltered) mercury (Hg) exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level (2 µg/L) in the acidic water withdrawn by more than 700 domestic wells from the areally extensive unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. Background concentrations of Hg generally are <0.01 µg/L. The source of the Hg contamination has been hypothesized to arise from Hg of pesticide-application, atmospheric, and geologic origin being mobilized by some component(s) of septic-system effluent or urban leachates in unsewered residential areas. Initial results at many affected wells were not reproducible upon later resampling despite rigorous quality assurance, prompting concerns that duration of well flushing could affect the Hg concentrations. A cooperative study by the U.S. Geological Survey and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection examined variability in Hg results during the flushing of domestic wells. Samples were collected at regular intervals (about 10 minutes) during flushing for eight domestic wells, until stabilization criteria was met for field-measured parameters; the Hg concentrations in the final samples ranged from about 0.0005 to 11 µg/L. Unfiltered Hg concentrations in samples collected during purging varied slightly, but particulate Hg concentration (unfiltered – filtered (0.45 micron capsule) concentration) typically was highly variable for each well, with no consistent pattern of increase or decrease in concentration. Surges of particulates probably were associated with pump cycling. Pre-pumping samples from the holding tanks generally had the lowest Hg concentrations among the samples collected at the well that day. Comparing the newly obtained results at each well to results from previous sampling indicated that Hg concentrations in water from the Hg-contaminated areas were generally greater among samples collected on different dates (long-term variations, months to years) than among samples collected on the same day (short-term variations, minutes to hours). The long-term variations likely are caused by changes in local pumping regimes and time-varying capture of slugs of Hg-contaminated water moving on flowpaths.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Northeastern Section (45th Annual) and Southeastern Section (59th Annual) Joint Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 16, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Barringer, J., Jacobsen, E., Smith, N.P., Gallagher, R.A., and Sites, A., 2010, Variability of mercury concentrations in domestic well water, New Jersey Coastal Plain, Northeastern Section (45th Annual) and Southeastern Section (59th Annual) Joint Meeting, v. 42, no. 1, Baltimore, MD, March 16, 2010, p. 178-178.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030466","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010NE/finalprogram/abstract_169976.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"UNITED STATES","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.8553466796875,\n 38.91240739487225\n ],\n [\n -74.63012695312499,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -74.29504394531249,\n 39.436192999314066\n ],\n [\n -74.0423583984375,\n 39.829631721333726\n ],\n [\n -73.9544677734375,\n 40.23760536584024\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.421860362045194\n ],\n [\n -74.234619140625,\n 40.50544628405211\n ],\n [\n -74.4378662109375,\n 40.52215098562377\n ],\n [\n -74.937744140625,\n 40.153686857794035\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 39.55064761909318\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 38.92095542046727\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -74.8553466796875,\n 38.91240739487225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dee337e4b0518e354e082d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobsen, Eric jacobsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Eric","email":"jacobsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":567672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Nicholas P","contributorId":146386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallagher, Robert A","contributorId":118171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallagher","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sites, Andrew","contributorId":117822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sites","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98220,"text":"sir20105006 - 2010 - Assessment of physical, chemical, and hydrologic factors affecting the infiltration of treated wastewater in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, with emphasis on the Hammonton Land Application Facility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T20:06:52.710488","indexId":"sir20105006","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5006","title":"Assessment of physical, chemical, and hydrologic factors affecting the infiltration of treated wastewater in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, with emphasis on the Hammonton Land Application Facility","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic and water-quality investigation of the Hammonton Land Application Facility (Hammonton LAF) in Hammonton, New Jersey, was conducted to determine the factors that impede the infiltration of treated wastewater and to assess the potential for similar conditions to exist elsewhere in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey (particularly within the Pinelands National Reserve). Gamma logs, sediment cores, and hydraulic-profile testing indicate that extensive fine-grained strata and iron-cemented sands underlying the Hammonton LAF may impede infiltration and lead to the perching of diluted treated wastewater. Perched water was observed in augured holes adjacent to infiltration trenches, and analysis of wastewater loading and infiltration data indicates that infiltration trenches may receive lateral flow from multiple perched-water sources. Analysis of water-quality properties characteristic of treated wastewater show that although infiltrated wastewater is reaching the underlying aquifer, lengthy holding times and a long recharge pathway greatly reduce the concentrations of nitrate, boron, and many organic compounds typical of wastewater. Conditions at two currently operating facilities and one potential future facility in the New Jersey Coastal Plain were compared to those at the Hammonton Land Application Facility (LAF). Facilities operating as designed are not underlain by the restrictive strata that exist at the Hammonton LAF. Careful characterization of the geology and hydrology of the unsaturated zone underlying infiltration structures of future facilities in the New Jersey Coastal Plain and similar hydrogeologic settings will help to avoid constructing infiltration structures over or within low-hydraulic-conductivity strata that will decrease infiltration rates.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission and the Town of Hammonton, New Jersey","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Romanok, K., Tessler, S., and Fischer, J., 2010, Assessment of physical, chemical, and hydrologic factors affecting the infiltration of treated wastewater in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, with emphasis on the Hammonton Land Application Facility: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5006, viii, 50p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105006.","productDescription":"viii, 50p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-11-01","temporalEnd":"2007-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423104,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92022.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13478,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":359072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5006/pdf/sir2010-5006.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5006.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.2,\n 39.45\n ],\n [\n -74.75,\n 39.45\n ],\n [\n -74.75,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -75.2,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -75.2,\n 39.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69730b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M.","contributorId":6523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tessler, Steven stessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessler","given":"Steven","email":"stessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97929,"text":"sir20095187 - 2009 - Future water-supply scenarios, Cape May County, New Jersey, 2003-2050","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T12:25:18.479359","indexId":"sir20095187","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-12T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5187","title":"Future water-supply scenarios, Cape May County, New Jersey, 2003-2050","docAbstract":"Stewards of the water supply in New Jersey are interested in developing a plan to supply potable and non-potable water to residents and businesses of Cape May County until at least 2050. The ideal plan would meet projected demands and minimize adverse effects on currently used sources of potable, non-potable, and ecological water supplies.\r\n\r\nThis report documents past and projected potable, non-potable, and ecological water-supply demands. Past and ongoing adverse effects to production and domestic wells caused by withdrawals include saltwater intrusion and water-level declines in the freshwater aquifers. Adverse effects on the ecological water supplies caused by groundwater withdrawals include premature drying of seasonal wetlands, delayed recovery of water levels in the water-table aquifer, and reduced streamflow. To predict the effects of future actions on the water supplies, three baseline and six future scenarios were created and simulated.\r\n\r\nBaseline Scenarios 1, 2, and 3 represent withdrawals using existing wells projected until 2050. Baseline Scenario 1 represents average 1998-2003 withdrawals, and Scenario 2 represents New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) full allocation withdrawals. These withdrawals do not meet projected future water demands. Baseline Scenario 3 represents the estimated full build-out water demands. Results of simulations of the three baseline scenarios indicate that saltwater would intrude into the Cohansey aquifer as much as 7,100 feet (ft) to adversely affect production wells used by Lower Township and the Wildwoods, as well as some other near-shore domestic wells; water-level altitudes in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand would decline to -156 ft; base flow in streams would be depleted by 0 to 26 percent; and water levels in the water-table aquifer would decline as much as 0.7ft. [Specific water-level altitudes, land-surface altitudes, and present sea level when used in this report are referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).]\r\n\r\nFuture scenarios 4 to 9 represent withdrawals and the effects on the water supply while using estimated full build-out water demands. In most townships, existing wells would be used for withdrawals in the simulation. However, in Lower and Middle Townships, the Wildwoods, and the Cape Mays, withdrawals from some wells would be terminated, reduced, or increased. Depending on the scenario, proposed production wells would be installed in locations far from the saltwater fronts, in deep freshwater aquifers, in deeper saltwater aquifers, or proposed injection wells would be installed to inject reused water to create a freshwater barrier to saltwater intrusion. Simulations indicate that future Scenarios 4 to 9 would reduce many of the adverse effects of Scenarios 1, 2, and 3. No future scenario will minimize all adverse impacts.\r\n\r\nIn Scenario 4, Lower Township would drill two production wells in the Cohansey aquifer farther from the Delaware shoreline than existing wells and reduce withdrawals from wells near the shoreline. Wildwood Water Utility (WWU) would reduce withdrawals from existing wells in the Cohansey aquifer and increase withdrawals from wells in the Rio Grande water-bearing zone. Results of the simulation indicate that saltwater intrusion and ecological-water supply problems would be reduced but not as much as in Scenarios 5, 7, 8, and 9.\r\n\r\nIn Scenario 5, the Wildwoods and Lower Township each would install a desalination plant and drill two wells to withdraw saltwater from the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. Saltwater intrusion problems would be reduced to the greatest extent with this scenario. Ecological water supplies remain constant or decline from 2003 baseline values. Water-level altitudes would decline to -193 ft in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, the deepest potentiometric level for all scenarios.\r\n\r\nIn Scenario 6, Lower Township would build a tertiary treatment system and drill three wells open to the Cohanse","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., Carleton, G.B., Pope, D.A., and Rice, D.E., 2009, Future water-supply scenarios, Cape May County, New Jersey, 2003-2050: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5187, Report: xviii, 159 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095187.","productDescription":"Report: xviii, 159 p.; Data Release","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2050-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5187.jpg"},{"id":13101,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":384999,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GQT3ZC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SEAWAT, MODFLOW-2000, and SHARP models used to simulate future water-supply scenarios, Cape May County, New Jersey"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Cape May County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.08333333333333,38.833333333333336 ], [ -75.08333333333333,39.333333333333336 ], [ -74.5,39.333333333333336 ], [ -74.5,38.833333333333336 ], [ -75.08333333333333,38.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carleton, Glen B. 0000-0002-7666-4407 carleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-4407","contributorId":3795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Glen","email":"carleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Donald E.","contributorId":70440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007521,"text":"70007521 - 2009 - Contributions of nitrogen to the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary: Updated loading estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:32:31","indexId":"70007521","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Contributions of nitrogen to the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary: Updated loading estimates","docAbstract":"Based on the most recent and most accurate data available through 2008, the total load of nitrogen to the Barnegat Bay‐Little Egg Harbor (BB‐LEH) estuary from the most substantial sources (surface water, including surface‐water discharge and direct storm runoff; ground‐water discharge; and atmospheric deposition) is estimated to be 650,000 kilograms of nitrogen per year (kg N/yr). Surface water contributes 66 percent (431,000 kg N/yr), direct ground‐ water discharge accounts for 12 percent (78,000 kg N/yr), and atmospheric deposition accounts for 22 percent (141,000 kg N/yr). This new loading estimate was compared to a previously published estimate produced by using similar methodology but less current data through 1997. Findings of the present study include a substantially lower estimate of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the estuary compared to the previous estimate. The study results also offer further support of the relation between land use and nitrogen levels, and indicate that the Toms and Metedeconk River basins account for more than 60 percent of the nitrogen load to the estuary from surface‐water discharge. Differences between the two estimates can be attributed to both the use of more accurate and more recent data in the revised estimate, and actual changes in the magnitude of nitrogen loads from various sources. Gaps in available water‐quality and hydrologic data are documented, and additional analysis and monitoring that may improve the reliability of future nitrogen loading estimates are presented.
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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"408","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia jbarring@usgs.gov","contributorId":169542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia","email":"jbarring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLuca, Michael J.","contributorId":82008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLuca","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romagna, T.","contributorId":37155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romagna","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cenno, K.","contributorId":66919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cenno","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alebus, Marzooq","contributorId":15497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alebus","given":"Marzooq","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kratzer, T.","contributorId":105532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hirst, B.","contributorId":78555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirst","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97837,"text":"sir20095167 - 2009 - Methodology for Estimation of Flood Magnitude and Frequency for New Jersey Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5167","title":"Methodology for Estimation of Flood Magnitude and Frequency for New Jersey Streams","docAbstract":"Methodologies were developed for estimating flood magnitudes at the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence intervals for unregulated or slightly regulated streams in New Jersey. Regression equations that incorporate basin characteristics were developed to estimate flood magnitude and frequency for streams throughout the State by use of a generalized least squares regression analysis. Relations between flood-frequency estimates based on streamflow-gaging-station discharge and basin characteristics were determined by multiple regression analysis, and weighted by effective years of record. The State was divided into five hydrologically similar regions to refine the regression equations. The regression analysis indicated that flood discharge, as determined by the streamflow-gaging-station annual peak flows, is related to the drainage area, main channel slope, percentage of lake and wetland areas in the basin, population density, and the flood-frequency region, at the 95-percent confidence level. The standard errors of estimate for the various recurrence-interval floods ranged from 48.1 to 62.7 percent.\r\n\r\nAnnual-maximum peak flows observed at streamflow-gaging stations through water year 2007 and basin characteristics determined using geographic information system techniques for 254 streamflow-gaging stations were used for the regression analysis. Drainage areas of the streamflow-gaging stations range from 0.18 to 779 mi2. Peak-flow data and basin characteristics for 191 streamflow-gaging stations located in New Jersey were used, along with peak-flow data for stations located in adjoining States, including 25 stations in Pennsylvania, 17 stations in New York, 16 stations in Delaware, and 5 stations in Maryland. Streamflow records for selected stations outside of New Jersey were included in the present study because hydrologic, physiographic, and geologic boundaries commonly extend beyond political boundaries.\r\n\r\nThe StreamStats web application was developed cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., and was designed for national implementation. This web application has been recently implemented for use in New Jersey. This program used in conjunction with a geographic information system provides the computation of values for selected basin characteristics, estimates of flood magnitudes and frequencies, and statistics for stream locations in New Jersey chosen by the user, whether the site is gaged or ungaged.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095167","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.M., and Schopp, R.D., 2009, Methodology for Estimation of Flood Magnitude and Frequency for New Jersey Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5167, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095167.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5167.jpg"},{"id":13010,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.75 ], [ -76,41.5 ], [ -73,41.5 ], [ -73,38.75 ], [ -76,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Kara M. 0000-0002-2685-0260 kmwatson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0260","contributorId":2134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kara","email":"kmwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schopp, Robert D.","contributorId":10426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schopp","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97577,"text":"ofr20091104 - 2009 - Analysis of Effects of 2003 and Full-Allocation Withdrawals in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"ofr20091104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1104","title":"Analysis of Effects of 2003 and Full-Allocation Withdrawals in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey","docAbstract":"Critical Area 1 in east-central New Jersey was mandated in the early 1980s to address large drawdowns caused by increases in groundwater withdrawals. The aquifers involved include the Englishtown aquifer system, Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, and the Upper and Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers. Groundwater levels recovered as a result of mandated cutbacks in withdrawals that began in the late 1980s. Subsequent increased demand for water has necessitated an analysis to determine the effects of full-allocation withdrawals, which supplements an optimization analysis done previously. A steady-state regional groundwater flow model is used to evaluate the effects of 2003 withdrawals and full-allocation withdrawals (7.3 million gallons per day greater than for 2003) on simulated water-levels. Simulation results indicate that the range of available withdrawals greater than full-allocation withdrawals is likely between 0 and 12 million gallons per day. The estimated range of available withdrawals is based on: (1) an examination of hydraulic-heads resulting from each of the two simulations, (2) an examination of differences in heads between these two simulations, (3) a comparison of simulated heads from each of the two simulations with the estimated location of salty groundwater, and (4) a comparison of simulated 2003 water levels to observed 2003 water levels. The results of the simulations also indicate that obtaining most of the available water would require varying the distribution of withdrawals and (or) relaxing the mandated hydrologic constraints used to protect the water supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Spitz, F.J., 2009, Analysis of Effects of 2003 and Full-Allocation Withdrawals in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1104, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091104.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39.5 ], [ -75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,39.5 ], [ -75,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spitz, Frederick J. 0000-0002-1391-2127 fspitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-2127","contributorId":2777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fspitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}