{"pageNumber":"10","pageRowStart":"225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":686,"records":[{"id":70154805,"text":"70154805 - 2015 - Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:59:06","indexId":"70154805","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of characteristics that promote group success during intraspecific encounters is key to understanding the adaptive advantages of sociality for many group-living species. In addition, some individuals in a group may be more likely than others to influence intergroup conflicts, a relatively neglected idea in research on social animals. Here we use observations of aggressive interactions between wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) packs over an extended period and use pack characteristics to determine which groups had an advantage over their opponents. During 16 years of observation in Yellowstone National Park from 1995 to 2010, we documented 121 interpack aggressive interactions. We recorded pack sizes, compositions, and spatial orientation related to residency to determine their effects on the outcomes of interactions between packs. Relative pack size (RPS) improved the odds of a pack displacing its opponent. However, pack composition moderated the effect of RPS as packs with relatively more old members (&gt;6.0 years old) or adult males had higher odds of winning despite a numerical disadvantage. The location of the interaction with respect to pack territories had no effect on the outcome of interpack interactions. Although the importance of RPS in successful territorial defense suggests the evolution and maintenance of group living may be at least partly due to larger packs&rsquo; success during interpack interactions, group composition is also an important factor, highlighting that some individuals are more valuable than others during interpack conflicts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arv081","usgsCitation":"Cassidy, K.A., MacNulty, D.R., Stahler, D.R., Smith, D.W., and Mech, L.D., 2015, Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park: Behavioral Ecology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1352-1360, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv081.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1352","endPage":"1360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057162","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv081","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              45.00753503123719\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.720458984375,\n              45.00753503123719\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.720458984375,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb6e4b08400b1fe1407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cassidy, Kira A.","contributorId":145492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassidy","given":"Kira","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16134,"text":"Yellowstone Wolf Project, Yellowstone Ctr for Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacNulty, Daniel R.","contributorId":64069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stahler, Daniel R.","contributorId":57703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70150336,"text":"70150336 - 2015 - Developing objectives with multiple stakeholders: adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and Red Knots in the Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-29T11:59:51","indexId":"70150336","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing objectives with multiple stakeholders: adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and Red Knots in the Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Structured decision making (SDM) is an increasingly utilized approach and set of tools for addressing complex decisions in environmental management. SDM is a value-focused thinking approach that places paramount importance on first establishing clear management objectives that reflect core values of stakeholders. To be useful for management, objectives must be transparently stated in unambiguous and measurable terms. We used these concepts to develop consensus objectives for the multiple stakeholders of horseshoe crab harvest in Delaware Bay. Participating stakeholders first agreed on a qualitative statement of fundamental objectives, and then worked to convert those objectives to specific and measurable quantities, so that management decisions could be assessed. We used a constraint-based approach where the conservation objectives for Red Knots, a species of migratory shorebird that relies on horseshoe crab eggs as a food resource during migration, constrained the utility of crab harvest. Developing utility functions to effectively reflect the management objectives allowed us to incorporate stakeholder risk aversion even though different stakeholder groups were averse to different or competing risks. While measurable objectives and quantitative utility functions seem scientific, developing these objectives was fundamentally driven by the values of the participating stakeholders.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00267-014-0422-8","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Lyons, J., and Smith, D., 2015, Developing objectives with multiple stakeholders: adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and Red Knots in the Delaware Bay: Environmental Management, v. 55, no. 4, p. 972-982, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0422-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"972","endPage":"982","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052744","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55926c95e4b0b6d21dd6775f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70143220,"text":"ofr20151024 - 2015 - Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data of the Paradox and San Luis Valleys, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T14:53:15","indexId":"ofr20151024","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-30T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1024","title":"Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data of the Paradox and San Luis Valleys, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>In October 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contracted airborne magnetic and electromagnetic surveys of the Paradox and San Luis Valleys in southern Colorado, United States. These airborne geophysical surveys provide high-resolution and spatially comprehensive datasets characterizing the resistivity structure of the shallow subsurface of each survey region, accompanied by magnetic-field information over matching areas. These data were collected to provide insight into the distribution of groundwater brine in the Paradox Valley, the extent of clay aquitards in the San Luis Valley, and to improve our understanding of the geologic framework for both regions. This report describes these contracted surveys and releases digital data supplied under contract to the USGS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Bloss, B.R., Bedrosian, P.A., Grauch, V.J., and Smith, B.D., 2015, Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data of the Paradox and San Luis Valleys, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1024, Report: iv, 19 p.; 4 Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151024.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 4 Appendices; Downloads Directory","startPage":"19","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059053","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151024.jpg"},{"id":299149,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1024/"},{"id":299150,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1024/pdf/ofr2015-1024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299151,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1024/pdf/Appendix1A.pdf","text":"Appendix 1A","size":"61.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1A"},{"id":299152,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1024/pdf/Appendix1B.pdf","text":"Appendix 1B","size":"250 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1B"},{"id":299153,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1024/pdf/Appendix1C.pdf","text":"Appendix 1C","size":"34.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1C"},{"id":299154,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1024/pdf/Appendix1D.pdf","text":"Appendix 1D","size":"26.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1D"},{"id":299155,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1024/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Valley, San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.57763671875,\n              36.8092847020594\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.57763671875,\n              38.94232097947902\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.42529296875,\n              38.94232097947902\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.42529296875,\n              36.8092847020594\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.57763671875,\n              36.8092847020594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a659ee4b03238427833e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bloss, Benjamin R. bbloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":4821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloss","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grauch, V. 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,{"id":70154990,"text":"70154990 - 2015 - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity observations of the Burns formation: crater hopping at Meridiani Planum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T17:12:28","indexId":"70154990","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity observations of the Burns formation: crater hopping at Meridiani Planum","docAbstract":"<p><span>Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars hyperspectral (1.0–2.65 µm) along-track oversampled observations covering Victoria, Santa Maria, Endeavour, and Ada craters were processed to 6 m/pixel and used in combination with Opportunity observations to detect and map hydrated Mg and Ca sulfate minerals in the Burns formation. The strongest spectral absorption features were found to be associated with outcrops that are relatively young and fresh (Ada) or preferentially scoured of dust, soil, and coatings by prevailing winds. At Victoria and Santa Maria, the scoured areas are on the southeastern rims and walls, opposite to the sides where wind-blown sands extend out of the craters. At Endeavour, the deepest absorptions are in Botany Bay, a subdued and buried rim segment that exhibits high thermal inertias, extensive outcrops, and is interpreted to be a region of enhanced wind scour extending up and out of the crater. Ada, Victoria, and Santa Maria outcrops expose the upper portion of the preserved Burns formation and show spectral evidence for the presence of kieserite. In contrast, gypsum is pervasive spectrally in the Botany Bay exposures. Gypsum, a relatively insoluble evaporative mineral, is interpreted to have formed close to the contact with the Noachian crust as rising groundwaters brought brines close to and onto the surface, either as a direct precipitate or during later diagenesis. The presence of kieserite at the top of the section is hypothesized to reflect precipitation from evaporatively concentrated brines or dehydration of polyhydrated sulfates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JE004686","usgsCitation":"R.E. Arvidson, Bell, J., Catalano, J., Clark, B.C., Fox, V., Gellert, R., Grotzinger, J., Guinness, E., Herkenhoff, K.E., Knoll, A., Lapotre, M., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D.W., Morris, R., Murchie, S., Powell, K.E., Smith, M.D., Squyres, S.W., Wolff, M., and J.J. Wray, 2015, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity observations of the Burns formation: crater hopping at Meridiani Planum: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 120, no. 3, p. 429-451, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004686.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"451","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057611","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27708816","text":"External Repository"},{"id":305901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"120","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beaee4b09a3b01b5309a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"R.E. Arvidson","contributorId":145513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"R.E. Arvidson","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catalano, J.G.","contributorId":51196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catalano","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, B. 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E.","contributorId":145801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wolff, M.J.","contributorId":64374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"J.J. 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,{"id":70150459,"text":"70150459 - 2015 - Reducing nitrogen export from the corn belt to the Gulf of Mexico: agricultural strategies for remediating hypoxia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:16:11","indexId":"70150459","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing nitrogen export from the corn belt to the Gulf of Mexico: agricultural strategies for remediating hypoxia","docAbstract":"<p><span>SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed models developed for the Upper Midwest were used to help evaluate the nitrogen-load reductions likely to be achieved by a variety of agricultural conservation practices in the Upper Mississippi-Ohio River Basin (UMORB) and to compare these reductions to the 45% nitrogen-load reduction proposed to remediate hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Our results indicate that nitrogen-management practices (improved fertilizer management and cover crops) fall short of achieving this goal, even if adopted on all cropland in the region. The goal of a 45% decrease in loads to the GoM can only be achieved through the coupling of nitrogen-management practices with innovative nitrogen-removal practices such as tile-drainage treatment wetlands, drainage&ndash;ditch enhancements, stream-channel restoration, and floodplain reconnection. Combining nitrogen-management practices with nitrogen-removal practices can dramatically reduce nutrient export from agricultural landscapes while minimizing impacts to agricultural production. With this approach, it may be possible to meet the 45% nutrient reduction goal while converting less than 1% of cropland in the UMORB to nitrogen-removal practices. Conservationists, policy makers, and agricultural producers seeking a workable strategy to reduce nitrogen export from the Corn Belt will need to consider a combination of nitrogen-management practices at the field scale and diverse nitrogen-removal practices at the landscape scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12246","usgsCitation":"McLellan, E., Robertson, D.M., Schilling, K., Tomer, M., Kostel, J., Smith, D.G., and King, K., 2015, Reducing nitrogen export from the corn belt to the Gulf of Mexico: agricultural strategies for remediating hypoxia: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 1, p. 263-289, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12246.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050927","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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,{"id":70143865,"text":"70143865 - 2015 - Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:02:28","indexId":"70143865","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming","docAbstract":"<p>Although climate models forecast warmer temperatures with a high degree of certainty, precipitation is the primary driver of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in most grasslands. Conversely, variations in temperature seldom are related to patterns of ANPP. Thus forecasting responses to warming is a challenge, and raises the question: how sensitive will grassland ANPP be to warming? We evaluated climate and multi-year ANPP data (67 years) from eight western US grasslands arrayed along mean annual temperature (MAT; ~7-14 &deg;C) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; ~250-500 mm) gradients. Weused regression and analysis of covariance to assess relationships between ANPP and temperature, as well as precipitation (annual and growing season) to evaluate temperature sensitivity of ANPP. We also related ANPP to the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), which combines precipitation and evapotranspiration to better represent moisture available for plant growth. Regression models indicated that variation in growing season temperature was negatively related to total and graminoid ANPP, but precipitation was a stronger predictor than temperature. Growing season temperature was also a significant parameter in more complex models, but again precipitation was consistently a stronger predictor of ANPP. Surprisingly, neither annual nor growing season SPEI were as strongly related to ANPP as precipitation. We conclude that forecasted warming likely will affect ANPP in these grasslands, but that predicting temperature effects from natural climatic gradients is difficult. This is because, unlike precipitation, warming effects can be positive or negative and moderated by shifts in the C3/C4 ratios of plant communities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7","usgsCitation":"Mowll, W., Blumenthal, D.M., Cherwin, K., Smith, A., Symstad, A., Vermeire, L., Collins, S., Smith, M., and Knapp, A., 2015, Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming: Oecologia, v. 177, no. 4, p. 959-969, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"969","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056620","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298867,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7"}],"volume":"177","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5511393fe4b02e76d75b50d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mowll, Whitney","contributorId":139803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mowll","given":"Whitney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. 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Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70148344,"text":"70148344 - 2015 - Wolves on the hunt: The behavior of wolves hunting wild prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:40:48","indexId":"70148344","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Wolves on the hunt: The behavior of wolves hunting wild prey","docAbstract":"The interactions between apex predators and their prey are some of the most awesome and meaningful in nature—displays of strength, endurance, and a deep coevolutionary history. And there is perhaps no apex predator more impressive and important in its hunting—or more infamous, more misjudged—than the wolf. Because of wolves’ habitat, speed, and general success at evading humans, researchers have faced great obstacles in studying their natural hunting behaviors. The first book to focus explicitly on wolf hunting of wild prey, Wolves on the Hunt seeks to fill these gaps in our knowledge and understanding.\r\n\r\nCombining behavioral data, thousands of hours of original field observations, research in the literature, a wealth of illustrations, and—in the e-book edition and online—video segments from cinematographer Robert K. Landis, the authors create a compelling and complex picture of these hunters. The wolf is indeed an adept killer, able to take down prey much larger than itself. While adapted to hunt primarily hoofed animals, a wolf—or especially a pack of wolves—can kill individuals of just about any species. But even as wolves help drive the underlying rhythms of the ecosystems they inhabit, their evolutionary prowess comes at a cost: wolves spend one-third of their time hunting—the most time consuming of all wolf activities—and success at the hunt only comes through traveling long distances, persisting in the face of regular failure, detecting and taking advantage of deficiencies in the physical condition of individual prey, and through ceaseless trial and error, all while risking injury or death.  \r\n\r\n By describing and analyzing the behaviors wolves use to hunt and kill various wild prey—including deer, moose, caribou, elk, Dall sheep, mountain goats, bison, musk oxen, arctic hares, beavers, and others—Wolves on the Hunt provides a revelatory portrait of one of nature’s greatest hunters.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Smith, D.W., and MacNulty, D.R., 2015, Wolves on the hunt: The behavior of wolves hunting wild prey, 208 p. .","productDescription":"208 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-049277","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300858,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo20145329.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5853ba43e4b0e2663625f2c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacNulty, Daniel R.","contributorId":64069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046852,"text":"70046852 - 2015 - Ocean minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T14:51:24.651072","indexId":"70046852","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"20","title":"Ocean minerals","docAbstract":"<div><div class=\"product-toc-wrapper\"><div class=\"flex-container\"><div class=\"chapter-title-pagenumber col-9\"><div class=\"view-abstract\"><div id=\"multi-collapse\" class=\"abstract-content multi-collapse\"><div><p>Nearly 71 percent of the Earth is covered by ocean, yet during the entire history of societies, the mineral resources essential for nation building have been acquired solely from the continents. Deep-ocean minerals were discovered over a century ago during the Challenger expedition of 1873—1876, but only relatively recently did programs develop to determine their origin, distribution, and resource potential. Continental margin marine mineral deposits include aggregate, sand, placer minerals, and phosphorite. Aggregate, sand, and placers are detrital minerals that were transported and deposited on the shelf, whereas phosphorite is a chemical sedimentary deposit that formed in place from chemical reactions in the near-surface sediment. Seawater makes up 98.8 percent of the world's surface water and contains every element in the periodic table, mostly in trace concentrations. Fe-Mn crusts are found on rock surfaces of seamounts, ridges, and plateaus as pavements and coatings on talus in areas that remain sediment-free for millions of years.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Routledge handbook of ocean resources and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., and Mizell, K., 2015, Ocean minerals, chap. 20 <i>of</i> Routledge handbook of ocean resources and management, p. 296-309.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"309","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046071","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203115398-21/ocean-minerals-james-hein-kira-mizell?context=ubx&refId=3768cfd2-089c-4288-957a-f7253a2544eb"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dd016e4b0589fa1cbdbf0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, Hance D.","contributorId":269506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Hance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827327,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Vivero, Juan Luis Suarez","contributorId":269507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivero","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Luis Suarez","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827328,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agardy, Tundi S.","contributorId":269508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agardy","given":"Tundi","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827329,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mizell, Kira L.","contributorId":117870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180672,"text":"70180672 - 2015 - Implementation of a framework for multi-species, multi-objective adaptive management in Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:41:20","indexId":"70180672","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implementation of a framework for multi-species, multi-objective adaptive management in Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Decision analytic approaches have been widely recommended as well suited to solving disputed and ecologically complex natural resource management problems with multiple objectives and high uncertainty. However, the difference between theory and practice is substantial, as there are very few actual resource management programs that represent formal applications of decision analysis. We applied the process of structured decision making to Atlantic horseshoe crab harvest decisions in the Delaware Bay region to develop a multispecies adaptive management (AM) plan, which is currently being implemented. Horseshoe crab harvest has been a controversial management issue since the late 1990s. A largely unregulated horseshoe crab harvest caused a decline in crab spawning abundance. That decline coincided with a major decline in migratory shorebird populations that consume horseshoe crab eggs on the sandy beaches of Delaware Bay during spring migration. Our approach incorporated multiple stakeholders, including fishery and shorebird conservation advocates, to account for diverse management objectives and varied opinions on ecosystem function. Through consensus building, we devised an objective statement and quantitative objective function to evaluate alternative crab harvest policies. We developed a set of competing ecological models accounting for the leading hypotheses on the interaction between shorebirds and horseshoe crabs. The models were initially weighted based on stakeholder confidence in these hypotheses, but weights will be adjusted based on monitoring and Bayesian model weight updating. These models were used together to predict the effects of management actions on the crab and shorebird populations. Finally, we used a dynamic optimization routine to identify the state dependent optimal harvest policy for horseshoe crabs, given the possible actions, the stated objectives and our competing hypotheses about system function. The AM plan was reviewed, accepted and implemented by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission in 2012 and 2013. While disagreements among stakeholders persist, structured decision making enabled unprecedented progress towards a transparent and consensus driven management plan for crabs and shorebirds in Delaware Bay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.038","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Smith, D., Nichols, J., Lyons, J.E., Sweka, J.A., Kalasz, K., Niles, L.J., Wong, R., Brust, J., Davis, M.C., and Spear, B., 2015, Implementation of a framework for multi-species, multi-objective adaptive management in Delaware Bay: Biological Conservation, v. 191, p. 759-769, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.038.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"769","ipdsId":"IP-028202","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"191","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0a9e4b072a7ac1298f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David R.","contributorId":173756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, James E. 0000-0002-9810-8751 jelyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-8751","contributorId":177546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James","email":"jelyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sweka, John A.","contributorId":80945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweka","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalasz, Kevin","contributorId":7121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalasz","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Niles, Lawrence J.","contributorId":25289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niles","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wong, Richard","contributorId":54840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brust, Jeffrey","contributorId":35167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brust","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Davis, Michelle C. mcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":5865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Michelle","email":"mcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spear, Braddock","contributorId":47220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Braddock","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70140618,"text":"70140618 - 2015 - Impacts of fire management on aboveground tree carbon stocks in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-04T15:23:44","indexId":"70140618","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Impacts of fire management on aboveground tree carbon stocks in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks","docAbstract":"<p>Forest biomass on Sierra Nevada landscapes constitutes one of the largest carbon stocks in California, and its stability is tightly linked to the factors driving fire regimes. Research suggests that fire suppression, logging, climate change, and present management practices in Sierra Nevada forests have altered historic patterns of landscape carbon storage, and over a century of fire suppression and the resulting accumulation in surface fuels have been implicated in contributing to recent increases in high severity, stand-replacing fires. For over 30 years, fire management at Yosemite (YOSE) and Sequoia &amp; Kings Canyon (SEKI) national parks has led the nation in restoring fire to park landscapes; however, the impacts on the stability and magnitude of carbon stocks have not been thoroughly examined.</p>\n<p>The purpose of this study is to quantify relationships between recent fire patterns and aboveground tree carbon stocks in YOSE and SEKI. Our approach focuses on evaluating fire effects on 1) amounts of aboveground tree carbon on the landscape, and 2) rates of carbon accumulation by individual trees. In 2010, we compiled a database of existing plot data for our analyses. In 2011, our field crews acquired vegetation data and collected tree growth cores from 105 plots. In 2012, we completed an interpretive component and began data analyses. In 2013, processing of tree cores began. In 2014, final processing of tree cores, data analyses, and manuscript preparation was conducted. The work for this project was facilitated through an interagency agreement between the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey, and through a Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (CESU) agreement with the University of Washington.</p>\n<p>In order to accurately quantify landscape-level carbon stocks, our analyses accounted for major sources of measurement errors, propagating those errors as we scaled plot-based carbon density estimates up to landscape-level totals. Using Monte Carlo simulation methods, we found that vegetation type mapping error was the largest source of uncertainty, while measurement uncertainties contributed by tree diameter measurements and tree diameter&ndash;biomass allometry equations were relatively minor.</p>\n<p>For some forest types, we found differences in aboveground tree carbon densities between burned and unburned areas. For example, mean carbon density in burned red fir forests was estimated to be ~29% lower versus unburned areas. Alternative measures of fire history, such as time since fire and number of times burned, were poorly related to carbon densities.</p>\n<p>Within YOSE, we evaluated the stability of landscape carbon pools by quantifying carbon stocks in areas of varying degrees of departure from historic fire return intervals. Of the ~25 Tg of total aboveground tree carbon in YOSE, ~10 Tg is contained within relatively stable areas (the next fire is unlikely to be high severity and stand-replacing), ~10 Tg occurs in areas deemed moderately stable, and the remaining ~5 Tg within relatively unstable areas.</p>\n<p>We compared our landscape carbon estimates in YOSE to remotely-sensed carbon estimates from the NASA&ndash;CASA project and found that the two methods roughly agree. Our analysis and comparisons suggest, however, that fire severity should be integrated into future carbon mapping efforts. We illustrate this with an example using the 2013 Rim Fire, which we estimate burned an area containing over 5 Tg of aboveground tree carbon, but likely left a large fraction of that carbon on the landscape if one accounts for fire severity.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resource Report NPS/SIEN/NRR—2015/910","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Matchett, J.R., Lutz, J.A., Tarnay, L.W., Smith, D.G., Becker, K.M., and Brooks, M.L., 2015, Impacts of fire management on aboveground tree carbon stocks in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks, Report: ix, 29 p.; Appendixes A-C.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 29 p.; Appendixes A-C","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053961","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297885,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.werc.usgs.gov/ProductDetails.aspx?ID=5177"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia National Park ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.531494140625,\n              36.9795180188502\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.64547729492188,\n              36.986100060204095\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.70315551757812,\n              36.887309668681155\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.76083374023436,\n              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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, James A.","contributorId":139178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarnay, Leland W.","contributorId":139179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarnay","given":"Leland","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12683,"text":"National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, El Portal, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Becker, Kendall M.L.","contributorId":139180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Kendall","email":"","middleInitial":"M.L.","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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,{"id":70127469,"text":"70127469 - 2015 - Threshold-dependent sample sizes for selenium assessment with stream fish tissue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:58:43","indexId":"70127469","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-30T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Threshold-dependent sample sizes for selenium assessment with stream fish tissue","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural resource managers are developing assessments of selenium (Se) contamination in freshwater ecosystems based on fish tissue concentrations. We evaluated the effects of sample size (i.e., number of fish per site) on the probability of correctly detecting mean whole-body Se values above a range of potential management thresholds. We modeled Se concentrations as gamma distributions with shape and scale parameters fitting an empirical mean-to-variance relationship in data from southwestern West Virginia, USA (63 collections, 382 individuals). We used parametric bootstrapping techniques to calculate statistical power as the probability of detecting true mean concentrations up to 3 mg Se/kg above management thresholds ranging from 4 to 8 mg Se/kg. Sample sizes required to achieve 80% power varied as a function of management thresholds and Type I error tolerance (α). Higher thresholds required more samples than lower thresholds because populations were more heterogeneous at higher mean Se levels. For instance, to assess a management threshold of 4 mg Se/kg, a sample of eight fish could detect an increase of approximately 1 mg Se/kg with 80% power (given α = 0.05), but this sample size would be unable to detect such an increase from a management threshold of 8 mg Se/kg with more than a coin-flip probability. Increasing α decreased sample size requirements to detect above-threshold mean Se concentrations with 80% power. For instance, at an α-level of 0.05, an 8-fish sample could detect an increase of approximately 2 units above a threshold of 8 mg Se/kg with 80% power, but when α was relaxed to 0.2, this sample size was more sensitive to increasing mean Se concentrations, allowing detection of an increase of approximately 1.2 units with equivalent power. Combining individuals into 2- and 4-fish composite samples for laboratory analysis did not decrease power because the reduced number of laboratory samples was compensated for by increased precision of composites for estimating mean conditions. However, low sample sizes (&lt;5 fish) did not achieve 80% power to detect near-threshold values (i.e., &lt;1 mg Se/kg) under any scenario we evaluated. This analysis can assist the sampling design and interpretation of Se assessments from fish tissue by accounting for natural variation in stream fish populations. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","doi":"10.1002/ieam.1579","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N.P., and Smith, D., 2015, Threshold-dependent sample sizes for selenium assessment with stream fish tissue: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 11, no. 1, p. 143-149, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1579.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"149","ipdsId":"IP-053353","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1579","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294604,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1579"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bb80ee4b0abfb4c8096b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David R.","contributorId":173756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037889,"text":"70037889 - 2014 - Environmental DNA calibration study. Interim technical review report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-30T14:12:53","indexId":"70037889","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Environmental DNA calibration study. Interim technical review report","docAbstract":"<p>Invasive aquatic nuisance species pose a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Invasive Asian carps, including bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) have been steadily dispersing upstream through the Mississippi, Illinois, and Des Plaines Rivers since the 1990s. To prevent further movement up the Illinois River into the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS, see Figures 1.1.1 to 1.1.3) and possibly Lake Michigan and the Great Lakes ecosystem, an electrical barrier has been operating near Lockport to deter the advance of Asian carp. Although one adult individual has been detected in Lockport pool of the Illinois Waterway, the leading edge of the invasion of bighead and silver carp is considered to be at RM 281.5 in Dresden Island Pool, 15 miles downstream from the barrier and 55 miles from Lake Michigan, and that front has not progressed upstream since 2006. Although spawning activity has been observed in Marseilles pool in 2012, verified capture of eggs and larvae remain downstream in Peoria pool, over 140 miles from Lake Michigan (Figure 1.1.1).</p>\n<p>Should a sustainable Asian carp population become established in the Great Lakes, native fish populations, as well as many threatened or endangered plant/animal species populations, could be impacted. In response to this threat, the Asian Carp Regional Control Committee (ACRCC) was formed in part to coordinate efforts to understand and organize against the Asian carp threat. The Asian Carp Control Strategy Framework (2012a) outlined major tasks to be completed for a better understanding of factors related to the advance of Asian carp populations towards the Great Lakes. In addition, the ACRCC formed the Monitoring and Rapid Response Workgroup to address Asian carp monitoring and removal (ACRCC 2012b).</p>","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Baerwaldt, K., Bartron, M.L., Schilling, K., Lee, D., Russo, E., Estes, T., Fischer, R., Fleming, B., Guilfoyle, M.P., Kilgore, K.J., Lance, R., Perkins, E., Schultz, M., Smith, D., Amberg, J., Chapman, D., Gaikowski, M.P., Klymus, K.E., and Richter, C.A., 2014, Environmental DNA calibration study. Interim technical review report, ix, 189 p.","productDescription":"ix, 189 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035574","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.asiancarp.us/documents/IP-057663_ECALS_Interim_Report_FINAL.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midwest waterways","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.0419921875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0419921875,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662109375,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662109375,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0419921875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56349536e4b048076347fcd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baerwaldt, K.","contributorId":21071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baerwaldt","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartron, Meredith L.","contributorId":149109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartron","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26874,"text":"USFWS, Lamar, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, K.","contributorId":101423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Debbie","contributorId":149106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Debbie","affiliations":[{"id":17644,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Great Lakes and Ohio Rivers Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russo, Edmond","contributorId":116900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russo","given":"Edmond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Estes, Trudy","contributorId":149546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estes","given":"Trudy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fischer, Richard","contributorId":7128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fleming, Beth","contributorId":120156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guilfoyle, Michael P.","contributorId":113717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilfoyle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kilgore, K. Jack","contributorId":116391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lance, Richard","contributorId":118395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lance","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Perkins, Edward","contributorId":117641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schultz, Martin","contributorId":149105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17643,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ERDC Environmental Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon J.","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Klymus, Katy E. 0000-0002-8843-6241 kklymus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-6241","contributorId":5043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klymus","given":"Katy","email":"kklymus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Richter, Cathy A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":1878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Cathy","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70129677,"text":"70129677 - 2014 - A modified procedure for mixture-model clustering of regional geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:08:54.470958","indexId":"70129677","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modified procedure for mixture-model clustering of regional geochemical data","docAbstract":"<p>A modified procedure is proposed for mixture-model clustering of regional-scale geochemical data. The key modification is the robust principal component transformation of the isometric log-ratio transforms of the element concentrations. This principal component transformation and the associated dimension reduction are applied before the data are clustered. The principal advantage of this modification is that it significantly improves the stability of the clustering. The principal disadvantage is that it requires subjective selection of the number of clusters and the number of principal components. To evaluate the efficacy of this modified procedure, it is applied to soil geochemical data that comprise 959 samples from the state of Colorado (USA) for which the concentrations of 44 elements are measured. The distributions of element concentrations that are derived from the mixture model and from the field samples are similar, indicating that the mixture model is a suitable representation of the transformed geochemical data. Each cluster and the associated distributions of the element concentrations are related to specific geologic and anthropogenic features. In this way, mixture model clustering facilitates interpretation of the regional geochemical data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.10.011","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., Smith, D., and Horton, J.D., 2014, A modified procedure for mixture-model clustering of regional geochemical data: Applied Geochemistry, v. 51, p. 315-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.10.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055485","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.095947265625,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0283203125,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.0849609375,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.095947265625,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5464769de4b0ba83040c9337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":519902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":523266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128733,"text":"fs20143104 - 2014 - USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-11T10:58:53","indexId":"fs20143104","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3104","title":"USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development","docAbstract":"<p>Significant quantities of water are present in hydrocarbon reservoirs. When brought to the land surface during oil, gas, and coalbed methane production, the water&mdash;either naturally occurring or injected as a method to enhance production&mdash;is termed produced water. Produced water is currently managed through processes such as recycling, treatment and discharge, spreading on roads, evaporation or infiltration, and deep well injection. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists conduct research and publish data related to produced water, thus providing information and insight to scientists, decisionmakers, the energy industry, and the public. The information advances scientific knowledge, informs resource management decisions, and facilitates environmental protection. This fact sheet discusses integrated research being conducted by USGS scientists supported by programs in the Energy and Minerals and Environmental Health Mission Areas. The research products help inform decisions pertaining to understanding the nature and management of produced water in the United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143104","collaboration":"Integrated Research by the Energy and Minerals and the Environmental Health Mission Areas","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Smith, B.D., 2014, USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3104, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143104.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056678","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143104.jpg"},{"id":295979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3104/"},{"id":295980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3104/pdf/fs2014-3104.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251fe4b0ba83040c6a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70158667,"text":"70158667 - 2014 - Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:03:14","indexId":"70158667","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"703.94025\">Marine wildlife faces a growing number of threats across the globe, and the survival of many species and populations will be dependent on conservation action. One threat in particular that has emerged over the last 4 decades is the pollution of oceanic and coastal habitats with plastic debris. The increased occurrence of plastics in marine ecosystems mirrors the increased prevalence of plastics in society, and reflects the high durability and persistence of plastics in the environment. In an effort to guide future research and assist mitigation approaches to marine conservation, we have generated a list of 16 priority research questions based on the expert opinions of 26 researchers from around the world, whose research expertise spans several disciplines, and covers each of the world&rsquo;s oceans and the taxa most at risk from plastic pollution. This paper highlights a growing concern related to threats posed to marine wildlife from microplastics and fragmented debris, the need for data at scales relevant to management, and the urgent need to develop interdisciplinary research and management partnerships to limit the release of plastics into the environment and curb the future impacts of plastic pollution.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/esr00623","usgsCitation":"Vegter, A.C., Barletta, M., Beck, C.A., Borrero, J.C., Burton, H., Campbell, M.L., Costa, M.F., Eriksen, M., Eriksson, C., Estrades, A., Gilardi, K.V., Hardesty, B.D., do Sul, J.A., Lavers, J.L., Lazar, B., Lebreton, L., Nichols, W.J., Ribic, C.A., Ryan, P.G., Schuyler, Q.A., Smith, S.D., Takada, H., Townsend, K.A., Wabnitz, C.C., Wilcox, C., Young, L.C., and Hamann, M., 2014, Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife: Endangered Species Research, v. 25, p. 225-247, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00623.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"247","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052077","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00623","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56139f40e4b0ba4884c60fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vegter, Amanda C.","contributorId":149024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vegter","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barletta, Mario","contributorId":149025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barletta","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Cathy A. 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":2919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borrero, Jose C.","contributorId":63293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrero","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burton, Harry","contributorId":149026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burton","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, Marnie L.","contributorId":149027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Marnie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Costa, Monica F.","contributorId":149028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eriksen, Marcus","contributorId":149029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eriksen","given":"Marcus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eriksson, Cecilia","contributorId":149030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eriksson","given":"Cecilia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Estrades, Andres","contributorId":149031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estrades","given":"Andres","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gilardi, Kirsten V.","contributorId":82049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilardi","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hardesty, Britta D.","contributorId":149032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Britta","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"do Sul, Juliana A. Ivar","contributorId":149033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"do Sul","given":"Juliana","email":"","middleInitial":"A. Ivar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lavers, Jennifer L.","contributorId":149034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lavers","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lazar, Bojan","contributorId":149035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lazar","given":"Bojan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lebreton, Laurent","contributorId":149036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreton","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nichols, Wallace J.","contributorId":81106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ryan, Peter G. 0000-0002-3356-2056","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-2056","contributorId":149037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Schuyler, Qamar A.","contributorId":149038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuyler","given":"Qamar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7031,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Smith, Stephen D. A.","contributorId":149039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Takada, Hideshige","contributorId":149040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takada","given":"Hideshige","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Townsend, Kathy A.","contributorId":149041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Wabnitz, Colette C. C.","contributorId":149042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wabnitz","given":"Colette","email":"","middleInitial":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Wilcox, Chris","contributorId":149043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Young, Lindsay C.","contributorId":149044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Hamann, Mark","contributorId":149045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamann","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}}
,{"id":70123861,"text":"70123861 - 2014 - Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:13:48","indexId":"70123861","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T11:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"Mosaics of tree clumps and openings are characteristic of forests dominated by frequent, low- and moderate-severity fires. When restoring these fire-suppressed forests, managers often try to reproduce these structures to increase ecosystem resilience. We examined unburned and burned forest structures for 1937 0.81 ha sample areas in Yosemite National Park, USA. We estimated severity for fires from 1984 to 2010 using the Landsat-derived Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) and measured openings and canopy clumps in five height strata using airborne LiDAR data. Because our study area lacked concurrent field data, we identified methods to allow structural analysis using LiDAR data alone. We found three spatial structures, canopy-gap, clump-open, and open, that differed in spatial arrangement and proportion of canopy and openings. As fire severity increased, the total area in canopy decreased while the number of clumps increased, creating a patchwork of openings and multistory tree clumps. The presence of openings > 0.3 ha, an approximate minimum gap size needed to favor shade-intolerant pine regeneration, increased rapidly with loss of canopy area. The range and variation of structures for a given fire severity were specific to each forest type. Low- to moderate-severity fires best replicated the historic clump-opening patterns that were common in forests with frequent fire regimes. Our results suggest that managers consider the following goals for their forest restoration: 1) reduce total canopy cover by breaking up large contiguous areas into variable-sized tree clumps and scattered large individual trees; 2) create a range of opening sizes and shapes, including ~ 50% of the open area in gaps > 0.3 ha; 3) create multistory clumps in addition to single story clumps; 4) retain historic densities of large trees; and 5) vary treatments to include canopy-gap, clump-open, and open mosaics across project areas to mimic the range of patterns found for each forest type in our study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.041","usgsCitation":"Kane, V., North, M.P., Lutz, J.A., Churchill, D.J., Roberts, S.L., Smith, D.F., McGaughey, R.J., Kane, J.T., and Brooks, M.L., 2014, Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 151, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.041.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-045760","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293599,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.041"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.886496,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,37.494762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b1e4b0fe7e184a5531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Van R.","contributorId":25873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Van R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, Malcolm P.","contributorId":9975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutz, James A.","contributorId":61350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Churchill, Derek J.","contributorId":16763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, Susan L.","contributorId":85312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Douglas F.","contributorId":76235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGaughey, Robert J.","contributorId":36865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGaughey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kane, Jonathan T.","contributorId":16329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70121631,"text":"ofr20141177 - 2014 - Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012 - February 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T13:58:24","indexId":"ofr20141177","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-25T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1177","title":"Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012 - February 2013","docAbstract":"The movements and dam passage of individual juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) were studied at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, near Springfield, Oregon, during 2012 and 2013. Cougar Dam is a high-head flood-control reservoir with a temperature control tower as its outlet enabling selective withdrawals of water at various depths to control the temperature of water passed downstream. This report describes the second year of a 2-year study with the goal of providing information to inform decisions about future downstream passage alternatives. Inferences were based on the behavior of yearling-size juvenile Chinook salmon implanted with acoustic transmitters. The fish were released near the head of the reservoir during the spring (March, April, and May) and fall (September, October, and November) of 2012. Most tagged fish were of hatchery origin (468 spring, 449 fall) because of the low number of wild fish captured from within the reservoir (0 spring, 65 fall). Detections at hydrophones placed in several lines across the reservoir and within a collective system used to estimate three-dimensional positions near the temperature control tower were used to determine fish behavior and factors affecting dam passage rates. Most tagged fish made repeated non-random migrations from one end of the reservoir to the other and took a median of 3.7–11.7 days to travel about 7 kilometers from the release site to within about 100 meters of the temperature control tower, depending on season and origin. Reservoir passage efficiency (percentage of tagged fish detected at the head of the forebay) was 97.8 percent for hatchery fish and 74.2 percent for wild fish. Tagged fish commonly were within about 100 meters of the temperature control tower, and often spent considerable time near the entrance to the tower; however, the dam passage efficiency (percentage of dam passage of fish detected at the head of the forebay) was low for fish released during the spring (11.1 percent) and moderate for fish released during the fall (58.1 percent for hatchery fish, 65.2 percent for wild fish) over the 90th percentile of the empirically determined tag life, which was about 90 days. The primary factors affecting the dam passage rate were diel period, dam discharge, and reservoir elevation, and most passage occurred during conditions of night, high dam discharge, and low reservoir elevation. Most fish entering the temperature control tower passed the dam without returning to the reservoir. The common presence of tagged fish near the tower entrance and high proportion of dam passage after tower entry suggests that the primary cause of the poor dam passage rate was the low rate of tower entry. We hypothesize that fish reject the tower entrance because of low water velocities contributing to a small flow field, an abrupt deceleration at the trash rack, or a combination of those two conditions. Results of a controlled test of head differential (the difference between water elevation outside and inside the temperature control tower) indicated weak statistical support (P= 0.0930) for a greater tower entry rate when the differential was 0.65–1.00 foot compared to 0.00–0.30 foot. Results from hatchery and wild fish were similar, with the exception of the reservoir passage efficiency, indicating hatchery fish were suitable surrogates for the wild fish for the purpose of this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, A.C., Evans, S.D., Haner, P.V., Hatton, T., Kofoot, E.E., Sprando, J.M., and Smith, C.D., 2014, Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012 - February 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1177, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141177.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-03-01","temporalEnd":"2013-02-28","ipdsId":"IP-052869","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141177.jpg"},{"id":292982,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1177/pdf/ofr2014-1177.pdf"},{"id":292978,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1177/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2416269803,44.1275400197 ], [ -122.2416269803,44.1302379803 ], [ -122.2389290197,44.1302379803 ], [ -122.2389290197,44.1275400197 ], [ -122.2416269803,44.1275400197 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc3fb1e4b0413fd75d2976","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haner, Philip V. 0000-0001-6940-487X phaner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-487X","contributorId":2364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"Philip","email":"phaner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatton, Tyson thatton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatton","given":"Tyson","email":"thatton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kofoot, Eric E. pkofoot@usgs.gov","contributorId":4673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"Eric","email":"pkofoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sprando, Jamie M. jsprando@usgs.gov","contributorId":4005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"Jamie","email":"jsprando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":3111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70132475,"text":"70132475 - 2014 - Anthrax and the geochemistry of soils in the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:10:20.68877","indexId":"70132475","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1816,"text":"Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthrax and the geochemistry of soils in the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"<p>Soil geochemical data from sample sites in counties that reported occurrences of anthrax in wildlife and livestock since 2000 were evaluated against counties within the same states (MN, MT, ND, NV, OR, SD and TX) that did not report occurrences. These data identified the elements, calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P) and strontium (Sr), as having statistically significant differences in concentrations between county type (anthrax occurrence versus no occurrence). Tentative threshold values of the lowest concentrations of each of these elements (Ca = 0.43 wt %, Mn = 142 mg/kg, P = 180 mg/kg and Sr = 51 mg/kg) and average concentrations (Ca = 1.3 wt %, Mn = 463 mg/kg, P = 580 mg/kg and Sr = 170 mg/kg) were identified from anthrax-positive counties as prospective investigative tools in determining whether an outbreak had &ldquo;potential&rdquo; or was &ldquo;likely&rdquo; at any given geographic location in the contiguous United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/geosciences4030114","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., Silvestri, E.E., Bowling, C.Y., Boe, T., Smith, D., and Nichols, T.L., 2014, Anthrax and the geochemistry of soils in the contiguous United States: Geosciences, v. 4, no. 3, p. 114-127, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences4030114.","productDescription":"14 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Y.","contributorId":127344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowling","given":"Charlena","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boe, Timothy","contributorId":127431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boe","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":523261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, Tonya L.","contributorId":127345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Tonya","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":523262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189090,"text":"70189090 - 2014 - Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:59:50","indexId":"70189090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Rapid development of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming has occurred since 1997. National attention related to CBNG development has focused on produced water management, which is the single largest cost for on-shore domestic producers. Low-cost treatment technologies allow operators to reduce their disposal costs, provide treated water for beneficial use, and stimulate oil and gas production by small operators. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are one potential treatment option that allows for increased CBNG production by providing a beneficial use for the produced water in farmland irrigation.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Water management practices in the development of CBNG in Wyoming have been aided by integrated geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic studies of both the disposal and utilization of water. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have utilized multi-frequency airborne, ground, and borehole electromagnetic (EM) and ground resistivity methods to characterize the near-surface hydrogeology in areas of produced water disposal. These surveys provide near-surface EM data that can be compared with results of previous surveys to monitor changes in soils and local hydrology over time as the produced water is discharged through SDI.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The focus of this investigation is the Headgate Draw SDI site, situated adjacent to the Powder River near the confluence of a major tributary, Crazy Woman Creek, in Johnson County, Wyoming. The SDI system was installed during the summer of 2008 and began operation in October of 2008. Ground, borehole, and helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) conductivity surveys were conducted at the site prior to the installation of the SDI system. After the installation of the subsurface drip irrigation system, ground EM surveys have been performed quarterly (weather permitting). The geophysical surveys map the heterogeneity of the near-surface geology and hydrology of the study area. The geophysical data are consistent between surveys using different techniques and between surveys carried out at different times from 2007 through 2011. This paper summarizes geophysical results from the 4-year monitoring study of the SDI system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009","usgsCitation":"Sams, J., Veloski, G., Smith, B.D., Minsley, B.J., Engle, M.A., Lipinski, B.A., Hammack, R.W., and Zupancic, J.W., 2014, Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 126, p. 128-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-045676","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c1e4b0d1f9f050679d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, James I.","contributorId":193983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sams","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veloski, Garret","contributorId":193984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veloski","given":"Garret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipinski, Brian A.","contributorId":193985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipinski","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hammack, Richard W.","contributorId":150019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammack","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17887,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zupancic, John W.","contributorId":193986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zupancic","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70104290,"text":"ofr20141093 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2012 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:11:10.140497","indexId":"ofr20141093","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-15T16:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1093","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2012 annual report","docAbstract":"Southwest Wyoming contains abundant energy resources, wildlife, habitat, open spaces, and outdoor recreational opportunities. Although energy exploration and development have been taking place in the region since the late 1800s, the pace of development for fossil fuels and renewable energy increased significantly in the early 2000s. This and the associated urban and exurban development are leading to landscape-level environmental and socioeconomic changes that have the potential to diminish wildlife habitat and other natural resources, and the quality of human lives, in Southwest Wyoming. The potential for negative effects of these changes prompted Federal, State, and local agencies to undertake the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative for Southwest Wyoming.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141093","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bern, C., Biewick, L., Boughton, G.K., Carr, N.B., Chalfoun, A., Chong, G.W., Clark, M.L., Fedy, B.C., Foster, K., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Hethcoat, M.G., Homer, C.G., Kauffman, M., Keinath, D., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., McDougal, R., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Montag, J., Potter, C.J., Schell, S., Shafer, S., Smith, D., Sweat, M.J., and Wilson, A.B., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2012 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1093, viii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141093.","productDescription":"viii, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053266","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1093/"},{"id":290190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1093/pdf/ofr2014-1093.pdf"},{"id":290191,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141093.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.00,41.00 ], [ -111.00,43.75 ], [ -106.00,43.75 ], [ -106.00,41.00 ], [ -111.00,41.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f19e4b01948416424c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 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,{"id":70116235,"text":"ofr20141144 - 2014 - Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at Detroit Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012-February 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T11:05:14","indexId":"ofr20141144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-09T16:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1144","title":"Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at Detroit Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012-February 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The in-reservoir movements and dam passage of individual juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) and juvenile steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) were studied at Detroit Reservoir and Dam, near Detroit, Oregon, during 2012 and 2013. The goal of the study was to provide data to inform decisions about future downstream passage alternatives and factors affecting downstream passage rates with the existing dam configuration. In 2012, 468 juvenile Chinook salmon and 200 juvenile steelhead were tagged and released during a 3-month period in the spring, and another 514 juvenile Chinook salmon were tagged and released during a 3-month period in the fall. The fish were surgically implanted with a small acoustic transmitter with an expected life of about 3 months and a passive integrated transponder tag with an indefinite life, and were released into the two main tributaries several kilometers upstream of the reservoir. Juvenile Chinook salmon migrated from the release sites to the reservoir in a greater proportion than juvenile steelhead, but once in the reservoir, juvenile steelhead migrated to the forebay faster and had a higher dam passage rate than juvenile Chinook salmon. The routes available for passing water and fish varied throughout the year, with low reservoir elevations in winter and high reservoir elevations in summer in accordance with the flood-control purpose of the dam. Most dam passage was through the spillway during the spring and summer, when the reservoir elevation was high and the spillway and powerhouse were the most common routes in operation, and via the powerhouse during the fall and winter period, when the reservoir elevation was low and the regulating outlet and powerhouse were the most common routes in operation. Few tagged fish passed when the powerhouse was the only route in operation. Dam passage rates during the spring and summer were greatest at night, increased with dam discharge, and were greater when water was passed freely over the spillway compared to when it was controlled by the spillway Tainter gates. Dam passage rates during the fall and winter, when the reservoir elevation usually was too low for spillway operation, were lower than during the spring and summer, negatively related to reservoir elevation, and positively related to dam discharge, though the latter relation diminished as reservoir elevation decreased. Fish locations near the dam from estimates of three-dimensional positions often were near the locations of dam discharge and fish depths were surface oriented relative to the depth of the forebay. Fish passage rates with the existing dam configuration were greatest when the spillway was in operation and were lowest when the powerhouse was the only route in operation; the latter result may be related to the relatively low magnitude or variability in discharge during that condition. The available data suggest that a properly designed surface outlet could be a viable passage route for juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at Detroit Dam. A second year of data collection based on a similar study design was complete at the time of this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, A.C., Evans, S.D., Haner, P.V., Hatton, T., Kofoot, E.E., Sprando, J.M., and Smith, C., 2014, Behavior and dam passage of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead at Detroit Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, March 2012-February 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1144, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141144.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-03-01","temporalEnd":"2013-02-28","ipdsId":"IP-049970","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research 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jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 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,{"id":70074260,"text":"sir20145017 - 2014 - Brine contamination to aquatic resources from oil and gas development in the Williston Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T20:32:36.016333","indexId":"sir20145017","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-04T11:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5017","title":"Brine contamination to aquatic resources from oil and gas development in the Williston Basin, United States","docAbstract":"<p>The Williston Basin, which includes parts of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota in the United States and the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada, has been a leading domestic oil and gas producing region for more than one-half a century. Currently, there are renewed efforts to develop oil and gas resources from deep geologic formations, spurred by advances in recovery technologies and economic incentives associated with the price of oil. Domestic oil and gas production has many economic benefits and provides a means for the United States to fulfill a part of domestic energy demands; however, environmental hazards can be associated with this type of energy production in the Williston Basin, particularly to aquatic resources (surface water and shallow groundwater) by extremely saline water, or brine, which is produced with oil and gas. The primary source of concern is the migration of brine from buried reserve pits that were used to store produced water during recovery operations; however, there also are considerable risks of brine release from pipeline failures, poor infrastructure construction, and flow-back water from hydraulic fracturing associated with modern oilfield operations.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>During 2008, a multidisciplinary (biology, geology, water) team of U.S. Geological Survey researchers was assembled to investigate potential energy production effects in the Williston Basin. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey participated in field tours and met with representatives from county, State, tribal, and Federal agencies to identify information needs and focus research objectives. Common questions from agency personnel, especially those from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, were “are the brine plumes (plumes of brine-contaminated groundwater) from abandoned oil wells affecting wetlands on Waterfowl Production Areas and National Wildlife Refuges?” and “are newer wells related to Bakken and Three Forks development different than the older, abandoned wells (in terms of potential for affecting aquatic resources)?” Of special concern were the wetland habitats of the ecologically important Prairie Pothole Region, which overlays a part of the Williston Basin and is recognized for the production of a majority of North America’s migratory waterfowl.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>On the basis of the concerns raised by on-the-ground land managers, as well as findings from previous research, a comprehensive study was developed with the following goals: summarize existing information pertaining to oil and gas production and aquatic resources in the Williston Basin; assess brine plume migration from new and previously studied sites in the Prairie Pothole Region; perform a regional, spatial evaluation of oil and gas production activities and aquatic resources; assess the potential for brine contamination to wetlands and streams; and hold a decision analysis workshop with key stakeholders to discuss issues pertaining to oil and gas production and environmental effects and to identify information gaps and research needs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report represents an initial, multidisciplinary evaluation of measured and potential environmental effects associated with oil and gas production in the Williston Basin and Prairie Pothole Region. Throughout this report there are reviews of current knowledge, and discussions relating to data gaps and research needs. On the basis of the information presented, future research needs include: regional geophysical and water-quality assessments to establish baselines for current conditions and estimate the extent of previous brine contamination, investigations into the direct effects of brine to biotic communities, and evaluations to identify the most effective techniques to mitigate brine contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145017","usgsCitation":"Chesley-Preston, T.L., Coleman, J.L., Gleason, R.A., Haines, S.S., Jenni, K., Nieman, T.L., Peterman, Z., van der Burg, M.P., Preston, T.M., Smith, B.D., Tangen, B., and Thamke, J., 2014, Brine contamination to aquatic resources from oil and gas development in the Williston Basin, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5017, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145017.","productDescription":"140 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,{"id":70102291,"text":"ofr20141082 - 2014 - Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:43:50.519699","indexId":"ofr20141082","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T12:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1082","title":"Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey began sampling in 2007 for a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the soil C horizon or, if the top of the C horizon was at a depth greater than 1 meter, a sample from a depth of approximately 80–100 centimeters. The &lt;2-millimeter fraction of each sample was analyzed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements by methods that yield the total or near-total elemental content. The major mineralogical components in the samples from the soil A and C horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling in the conterminous United States was completed in 2010, with chemical and mineralogical analyses completed in May 2013. The resulting data set provides an estimate of the abundance and spatial distribution of chemical elements and minerals in soils of the conterminous United States and represents a baseline for soil geochemistry and mineralogy against which future changes may be recognized and quantified. This report releases geochemical and mineralogical maps along with a histogram, boxplot, and empirical cumulative distribution function plot for each element or mineral.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141082","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Solano, F., and Ellefsen, K.J., 2014, Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1082, xiii, 386 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141082.","productDescription":"xiii, 386 p.","numberOfPages":"399","ipdsId":"IP-054128","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solano, Federico 0000-0002-0308-5850 fsolanoc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-5850","contributorId":4302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano","given":"Federico","email":"fsolanoc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":492899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70094688,"text":"sir20145024 - 2014 - Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-02T10:46:06","indexId":"sir20145024","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-02T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5024","title":"Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09","docAbstract":"<p>The extent of brine contamination in the shallow aquifers in and near the East Poplar oil field is as much as 17.9 square miles and appears to be present throughout the entire saturated zone in contaminated areas. The brine contamination affects 15–37 billion gallons of groundwater. Brine contamination in the shallow aquifers east of the Poplar River generally moves to the southwest toward the river and then southward in the Poplar River valley. The likely source of brine contamination in the shallow aquifers is brine that is produced with crude oil in the East Poplar oil field study area. Brine contamination has not only affected the water quality from privately owned wells in and near the East Poplar oil field, but also the city of Poplar’s public water-supply wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Three water-quality types characterize water in the shallow aquifers; a fourth water-quality type in the study area characterizes the brine. Type 1 is uncontaminated water that is suitable for most domestic purposes and typically contains sodium bicarbonate and sodium/magnesium sulfate as the dominant ions. Type 2 is moderately contaminated water that is suitable for some domestic purposes, but not used for drinking water, and typically contains sodium and chloride as the dominant ions. Type 3 is considerably contaminated water that is unsuitable for any domestic purpose and always contains sodium and chloride as the dominant ions. Type 3 quality of water in the shallow aquifers is similar to Type 4, which is the brine that is produced with crude oil.<p>\n<br/>\n<p>Electromagnetic apparent conductivity data were collected in the 106 square-mile area and used to determine extent of brine contamination. These data were collected and interpreted in conjunction with water-quality data collected through 2009 to delineate brine plumes in the shallow aquifers. Monitoring wells subsequently were drilled in some areas without existing water wells to confirm most of the delineated brine plumes; however, several possible plumes do not contain either existing water wells or monitoring wells. Analysis of groundwater samples from wells confirms the presence of 12.1 square miles of contamination, as much as 1.7 square miles of which is considerably contaminated (Type 3). Electromagnetic apparent conductivity data in areas with no wells delineate an additional 5.8 square miles of possible contamination, 2.1 square miles of which might be considerably contaminated (Type 3). Storage-tank facilities, oil wells, brine-injection wells, pipelines, and pits are likely sources of brine in the study area. It is not possible to identify discrete oil-related features as likely sources of brine plumes because several features commonly are co-located. During the latter half of the twentieth century, many brine plumes migrated beyond the immediate source area and likely mix together in modern and ancestral Poplar River valley subareas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fort Peck Tribes Office of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., and Smith, B.D., 2014, Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5024, Report: viii, 40 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145024.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 40 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-009092","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145024.jpg"},{"id":285268,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/pdf/sir2014-5024.pdf"},{"id":285269,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/"},{"id":285270,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/appendix"}],"datum":"NAD 27","country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Fort Peck","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.0,48.0 ], [ -107.0,49.0 ], [ -105.0,49.0 ], [ -105.0,48.0 ], [ -107.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517032e4b05569d805a1b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70098136,"text":"70098136 - 2014 - Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:09:14","indexId":"70098136","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T15:27:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation","docAbstract":"Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.","language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Journals Ltd.","doi":"10.1038/nature13144","usgsCitation":"Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E.W., Gruner, D., Harpole, W., Hillebrand, H., Lind, E.M., Alder, P.B., Alberti, J., Anderson, T., Bakker, J.D., Biederman, L., Blumenthal, D., Brown, C.S., Brudvig, L.A., Buckley, Y.M., Cadotte, M., Chu, C., Cleland, E., Crawley, M.J., Daleo, P., Damschen, E.I., Davies, K.F., DeCrappeo, N.M., Du, G., Firn, J., Hautier, Y., Heckman, R.W., Hector, A., HilleRisLambers, J., Iribarne, O., Klein, J.A., Knops, J.M., La Pierre, K.J., Leakey, A.D., Li, W., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Melbourne, B.A., Mitchell, C., Moore, J.L., Mortensen, B., O’Halloran, L.R., Orrock, J., Pascual, J., Prober, S.M., Pyke, D.A., Risch, A., Schuetz, M., Smith, M., Stevens, C.J., Sullivan, L.L., Williams, R.J., Wragg, P.D., Wright, J.P., and Yang, L.H., 2014, Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation: Nature, v. 508, p. 517-520, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13144.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"520","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-051743","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/115444","text":"External Repository"},{"id":284084,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13144"},{"id":284096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"508","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517046e4b05569d805a24d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","contributorId":45049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seabloom, Eric W.","contributorId":60762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seabloom","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gruner, Daniel S.","contributorId":80561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gruner","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harpole, W. Stanley","contributorId":88475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harpole","given":"W. Stanley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hillebrand, Helmut","contributorId":83655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillebrand","given":"Helmut","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lind, Eric M.","contributorId":87855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alder, Peter B.","contributorId":26966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Alberti, Juan","contributorId":17526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alberti","given":"Juan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, T. Michael","contributorId":78077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bakker, Jonathan D.","contributorId":15754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Biederman, Lori","contributorId":20646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biederman","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Blumenthal, Dana","contributorId":70686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumenthal","given":"Dana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Brown, Cynthia S.","contributorId":86095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Brudvig, Lars A.","contributorId":19467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brudvig","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Buckley, Yvonne M.","contributorId":29945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Cadotte, Marc","contributorId":40890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadotte","given":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Chu, 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