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The helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic surveys were flown on March 16–17, 2007, in four areas of the Hunton anticline in south-central Oklahoma. The objective of this project is to improve the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. The electromagnetic sensor for the helicopter electromagnetic survey consisted of six different transmitter-receiver orientations that measured the earth's electrical response at six distinct frequencies from approximately 500 Hertz to approximately 115,000 Hertz. The electromagnetic measurements were converted to electrical resistivity values, which were gridded and plotted on georeferenced maps. The map from each frequency represents a different depth of investigation for each area. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow groundwater. The four areas selected for the helicopter electromagnetic study, blocks A–D, have different geologic and hydrologic settings. Geophysical and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey studies are being used by modelers and resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Smith, D.V., Deszcz-Pan, M., Blome, C.D., and Hill, P., 2011, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1240, v, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111240.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1240.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Hunton anticline, Arbuckle-Aimpson aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3031e4b0c8380cd5d43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maryla","contributorId":87639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maryla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Patricia","contributorId":65160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005513,"text":"70005513 - 2011 - Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:16:12.983386","indexId":"70005513","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness","docAbstract":"<p><span>For more than 30 years, the relationship between net primary productivity and species richness has generated intense debate in ecology about the processes regulating local diversity. The original view, which is still widely accepted, holds that the relationship is hump-shaped, with richness first rising and then declining with increasing productivity. Although recent meta-analyses questioned the generality of hump-shaped patterns, these syntheses have been criticized for failing to account for methodological differences among studies. We addressed such concerns by conducting standardized sampling in 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities on five continents. We found no clear relationship between productivity and fine-scale (meters</span><sup>−2</sup><span>) richness within sites, within regions, or across the globe. Ecologists should focus on fresh, mechanistic approaches to understanding the multivariate links between productivity and richness.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.1204498","usgsCitation":"Adler, P.B., Seabloom, E.W., Borer, E.T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Harpole, W., O’Halloran, L.R., Grace, J.B., Anderson, T., Bakker, J.D., Biederman, L.A., Brown, C.S., Buckley, Y.M., Calabrese, L.B., Chu, C., Cleland, E., Collins, S., Cottingham, K.L., Crawley, M.J., Damschen, E.I., Davies, K.F., DeCrappeo, N.M., Fay, P.A., Firn, J., Frater, P., Gasarch, E.I., Gruner, D.S., Hagenah, N., Lambers, J.H., Humphries, H., Jin, V.L., Kay, A.D., Kirkman, K.P., Klein, J.A., Knops, J.M., La Pierre, K.J., Lambrinos, J.G., Li, W., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R.L., Melbourne, B.A., Mitchell, C., Moore, J.L., Morgan, J.W., Mortensen, B., Orrock, J., Prober, S.M., Pyke, D.A., Risch, A., Schuetz, M., Smith, M., Stevens, C.J., Sullivan, L.L., Wang, G., Wragg, P.D., Wright, J.P., and Yang, L.H., 2011, Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness: Science, v. 333, no. 6050, p. 1750-1753, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204498.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1750","endPage":"1753","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":204310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"333","issue":"6050","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689bd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adler, Peter B.","contributorId":64789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adler","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seabloom, Eric W.","contributorId":60762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seabloom","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","contributorId":45049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hillebrand, Helmut","contributorId":83655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillebrand","given":"Helmut","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hautier, Yann","contributorId":84065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hautier","given":"Yann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hector, Andy","contributorId":102620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hector","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harpole, W. 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,{"id":70005257,"text":"70005257 - 2011 - Pb-concentrations and Pb-isotope ratios in soils collected along an east-west transect across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:24:09.459617","indexId":"70005257","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb-concentrations and Pb-isotope ratios in soils collected along an east-west transect across the United States","docAbstract":"Analytical results for Pb-concentrations and isotopic ratios from ca. 150 samples of soil A horizon and ca. 145 samples of soil C horizon collected along a 4000-km east&ndash;west transect across the USA are presented. Lead concentrations along the transect show: (1) generally higher values in the soil A-horizon than the C-horizon (median 21 vs. 16.5 mg/kg), (2) an increase in the median value of the soil A-horizon for central to eastern USA (Missouri to Maryland) when compared to the western USA (California to Kansas) (median 26 vs. 20 mg/kg) and (3) a higher A/C ratio for the central to eastern USA (1.35 vs. 1.14). Lead isotopes show a distinct trend across the USA, with the highest <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb ratios occurring in the centre (Missouri, median A-horizon: 1.245; C-horizon: 1.251) and the lowest at both coasts (e.g., California, median A-horizon: 1.195; C-horizon: 1.216). The soil C-horizon samples show generally higher <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb ratios than the A-horizon (median C-horizon: 1.224; A-horizon: 1.219). The <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb-isotope ratios in the soil A horizon show a correlation with the total feldspar content for the same 2500-km portion of the transect from east-central Colorado to the Atlantic coast that shows steadily increasing precipitation. No such correlation exists in the soil C horizon. The data demonstrate the importance of climate and weathering on both Pb-concentration and <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb-isotope ratios in soil samples and natural shifts thereof in the soil profile during soil-forming processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.04.018","usgsCitation":"Reimann, C., Smith, D., Woodruff, L.G., and Flem, B., 2011, Pb-concentrations and Pb-isotope ratios in soils collected along an east-west transect across the United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 9-10, p. 1623-1631, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.04.018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1631","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"26","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b01f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimann, Clemens","contributorId":40342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"Clemens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flem, Belinda","contributorId":31517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flem","given":"Belinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005563,"text":"sir20115098 - 2011 - A study of the effects of implementing agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended sediment, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at three stream sites in Surry County, North Carolina, 2004-2007-Lessons learned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:20:40","indexId":"sir20115098","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5098","title":"A study of the effects of implementing agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended sediment, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at three stream sites in Surry County, North Carolina, 2004-2007-Lessons learned","docAbstract":"The effects of agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended-sediment concentrations, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were examined in a comparative study of three small, rural stream basins in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces of North Carolina and Virginia between 2004 and 2007. The study was designed to assess changes in stream quality associated with stream-improvement efforts at two sites in comparison to a control site (Hogan Creek), for which no improvements were planned. In the drainage basin of one of the stream-improvement sites (Bull Creek), several agricultural best management practices, primarily designed to limit cattle access to streams, were implemented during this study. In the drainage basin of the second stream-improvement site (Pauls Creek), a 1,600-foot reach of the stream channel was restored and several agricultural best management practices were implemented. Streamflow conditions in the vicinity of the study area were similar to or less than the long-term annual mean streamflows during the study. Precipitation during the study period also was less than normal, and the geographic distribution of precipitation indicated drier conditions in the southern part of the study area than in the northern part. Dry conditions during much of the study limited opportunities for acquiring high-flow sediment samples and streamflow measurements. Suspended-sediment yields for the three basins were compared to yield estimates for streams in the southeastern United States. Concentrations of suspended sediment and nutrients in samples from Bull Creek, the site where best management practices were implemented, were high compared to the other two sites. No statistically significant change in suspended-sediment concentrations occurred at the Bull Creek site following implementation of best management practices. However, data collected before and after channel stabilization at the Pauls Creek site indicated a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in suspended-sediment discharge following in-stream restoration. Stream habitat characteristics were similar at the Bull Creek and Hogan Creek reaches. However, the Pauls Creek reach was distinguished from the other two sites by a lack of pools, greater bankfull widths, greater streamflow and velocity, and larger basin size. Historical changes in the stream channel in the vicinity of the Pauls Creek streamgage are evident in aerial photographs dating from 1936 to 2005 and could have contributed to stream-channel instability. The duration of this study likely was inadequate for detecting changes in stream habitat characteristics. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages differed by site and changed during the course of the study. Bull Creek, the best management practices site, stood out as the site having the poorest overall conditions and the greatest improvement in benthic macroinvertebrate communities during the study period. Richness and diversity metrics indicated that benthic macroinvertebrate community conditions at the Hogan Creek and Pauls Creek sites declined during the study, although the status was excellent based on the North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity. Experiences encountered during this study exemplify the difficulties of attempting to assess the short-term effects of stream-improvement efforts on a watershed scale and, in particular, the difficulty of finding similar basins for a comparative study. Data interpretation was complicated by dry climatic conditions and unanticipated land disturbances that occurred during the study in each of the three study basins. For example, agricultural best management practices were implemented in the drainage basin of the control site prior to and during the study. An impoundment on Bull Creek upstream from the streamgaging station probably influenced water-quality conditions and streamflow. Road construction in the vicinity of the Pauls Creek site potentially masked changes related to stream-improvement efforts. In addition, stream-improvement activities occurred in each of the three study basins over a period of several years prior to and during the study so that there were no discrete before and after periods available for meaningful comparisons. Historical and current land-use activities in each of the three study basins likely affected observed stream conditions. The duration of this study probably was insufficient to detect changes associated with agricultural best management practices and stream-channel restoration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.G., Ferrell, G., Harned, D.A., and Cuffney, T.F., 2011, A study of the effects of implementing agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended sediment, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at three stream sites in Surry County, North Carolina, 2004-2007-Lessons learned: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5098, x, 59 p.; Appendices; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115098.","productDescription":"x, 59 p.; Appendices; Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5098.jpg"},{"id":94246,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Surry County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.88934326171875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.88934326171875,\n              37.0266767305112\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2166748046875,\n              37.0266767305112\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2166748046875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.88934326171875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrell, G.M.","contributorId":92681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005423,"text":"ofr20111219 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative-2010 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:24:50.465689","indexId":"ofr20111219","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1219","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative-2010 Annual Report","docAbstract":"This is the third report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual work activities. The first report described activities for 2007 and 2008, and the second report covered work activities for FY09. This third report covers work activities conducted in FY2010, and it continues the 2009 approach of reporting on all the individual activities to help give WLCI partners and other readers the full scope of what has been accomplished. New in this year's report is an additional section for each work activity that outlines the work planned for the following fiscal year. In FY2010, there were 35 ongoing/expanded, completed, or new projects conducted under the five major multi-disciplinary science and technical-assistance activities: (1) Baseline Synthesis; (2) Targeted Monitoring and Research; (3) Data and Information Management; (4) Integration and Coordination; and (5) Decisionmaking and Evaluation. The three new work activities were to (1) compile existing water data for the entire WLCI region and (2) develop regional curves (statistical models) for relating bankfull-channel geometry and discharge to drainages in the WLCI region, both of which will help guide long-term monitoring of water resources; and (3) initiate a groundwater-monitoring network to evaluate potential effects of energy-development activities on groundwater quality where groundwater is an important source of public/private water supplies. Results of the FY2009 work to develop methods for assessing soil organic matter and mercury indicated that selenium and arsenic levels may be elevated in the Muddy Creek Basin; thus, the focus of that activity was shifted in FY2010 to evaluate biogeochemical cycling of elements in the basin. In FY2010, two ongoing activities were expanded with the addition of more sampling plots: (a) the study of how greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) use vegetation-treatment areas (sites added to the Moxa Arch Natural Gas Development area) and (2) the study of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) occurrence in burn treatments of the Little Mountain Ecosystem. The activity that entails evaluating relationships between ungulate herbivory and fire on aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment also was expanded to include relationships between stand characteristics of and herbivory on aspen in various ecohydrological settings. The USGS continued compiling data and developing geospatial products from all of its WLCI activities to support (1) ranking and prioritizing of proposed conservation projects, (2) developing the WLCI Integrated Assessment, and (3) developing the WLCI 5-year Conservation Action Plan. Two activities were completed in FY2010: (1) the conceptual modeling and indicator selection for monitoring resource conditions across the WLCI region, and (2) the literature review on effects of oil and gas development in western regions of the United States, both of which are in the last stages of publication.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111219","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Biewick, L., Blecker, S.W., Boughton, G.K., Bristol, R.S., Carr, N.B., Chalfoun, A., Chong, G.W., Clark, M.L., Diffendorfer, J.E., Fedy, B.C., Foster, K., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Holloway, J., Homer, C.G., Kauffman, M., Keinath, D., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., McDougal, R., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Montag, J., Potter, C.J., Schell, S., Shafer, S., Smith, D., Stillings, L., Tuttle, M., and Wilson, A.B., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative-2010 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1219, ix, 146 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111219.","productDescription":"ix, 146 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1219.gif"},{"id":94128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,41 ], [ -111,43.5 ], [ -106,43.5 ], [ -106,41 ], [ -111,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db619cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biewick, Laura","contributorId":83148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blecker, Steven W.","contributorId":12327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blecker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boughton, Gregory K. 0000-0001-7355-4977 gkbought@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-4977","contributorId":4254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"Gregory","email":"gkbought@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bristol, R. Sky 0000-0003-1682-4031 sbristol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-4031","contributorId":3585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bristol","given":"R.","email":"sbristol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Sky","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D.","contributorId":36794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna 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L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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,{"id":70004427,"text":"70004427 - 2011 - Geochemical mapping of the Denver, Colorado (USA) urban area: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"70004427","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemical mapping of the Denver, Colorado (USA) urban area: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Chichester, UK","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Garrett, R.G., Closs, G., Ellefsen, K., Kilburn, J., Horton, J., and Smith, S.M., 2011, Geochemical mapping of the Denver, Colorado (USA) urban area: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005, chap. <i>of</i> Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas, p. 521-546.","productDescription":"p. 521-546","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470670071.ch30/summary"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae093","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.C.","contributorId":113249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508235,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demetriades, A.","contributorId":113366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demetriades","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508236,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locutura, J.","contributorId":113367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locutura","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508237,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottesen, R. T.","contributorId":112386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottesen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508234,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Closs, G.","contributorId":78458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Closs","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horton, J.D. 0000-0003-2969-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":85710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, S. M.","contributorId":27859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035989,"text":"70035989 - 2011 - Multispecies modeling for adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and red knots in the Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T00:11:13.006422","indexId":"70035989","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2827,"text":"Natural Resource Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multispecies modeling for adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and red knots in the Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adaptive management requires that predictive models be explicit and transparent to improve decisions by comparing management actions, directing further research and monitoring, and facilitating learning. The rufa subspecies of red knots (</span><i>Calidris canutus rufa</i><span>), which has recently exhibited steep population declines, relies on horseshoe crab (</span><i>Limulus polyphemus</i><span>) eggs as their primary food source during stopover in Delaware Bay during spring migration. We present a model with two different parameterizations for use in the adaptive management of horseshoe crab harvests in the Delaware Bay that links red knot mass gain, annual survival, and fecundity to horseshoe crab dynamics. The models reflect prevailing hypotheses regarding ecological links between these two species. When reported crab harvest from 1998 to 2008 was applied, projections corresponded to the observed red knot population abundances depending on strengths of the demographic relationship between these species. We compared different simulated horseshoe crab harvest strategies to evaluate whether, given this model, horseshoe crab harvest management can affect red knot conservation and found that restricting harvest can benefit red knot populations. Our model is the first to explicitly and quantitatively link these two species and will be used within an adaptive management framework to manage the Delaware Bay system and learn more about the specific nature of the linkage between the two species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00085.x","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Smith, D.R., Sweka, J., Martin, J., Nichols, J.D., Wong, R., Lyons, J.E., Niles, L.J., Kalasz, K., Brust, J., Klopfer, M., and Spear, B., 2011, Multispecies modeling for adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and red knots in the Delaware Bay: Natural Resource Modeling, v. 24, no. 1, p. 117-156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00085.x.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"156","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.662841796875,\n              39.614152077002664\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.73974609375,\n              39.27478966170308\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.59692382812499,\n              38.676933444637925\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.94873046875,\n              38.60828592850559\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.542236328125,\n              38.950865400919994\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8828125,\n              39.342794408952365\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.662841796875,\n              39.614152077002664\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a0e4b0c8380cd715ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweka, J. A.","contributorId":15015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweka","given":"J. 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E.","contributorId":15145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Niles, L. J.","contributorId":42060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niles","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kalasz, K.","contributorId":41296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalasz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brust, J.","contributorId":91755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brust","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Klopfer, M.","contributorId":43637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klopfer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spear, B.","contributorId":84639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70173433,"text":"70173433 - 2011 - Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large Ammocoetes of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T16:11:58","indexId":"70173433","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large Ammocoetes of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera)","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this laboratory study, we quantified substrate selection by small (&lt;50&nbsp;mm) and large (100&ndash;150&nbsp;mm) ammocoetes of the least brook lamprey (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Lampetra aepyptera</i><span>). In aquaria, ammocoetes were given a choice to burrow into six equally-available substrate types: small gravel (2.360&ndash;4.750&nbsp;mm), coarse sand (0.500&ndash;1.400&nbsp;mm), fine sand (0.125&ndash;0.500&nbsp;mm), organic substrate (approximately 70% decomposing leaves/stems and organic sediment particles, and 30% silt and fine sand), an even mixture of silt, clay, and fine sand, and silt/clay (&lt;0.063&nbsp;mm). Fine sand was selected with a significantly higher probability than any other substrate. Fine sand habitat is limited in many streams, in part owing to geology, but also as a result of channelization and excessive silt/clay sedimentation, which is a conservation concern. Our results indicate that ammocoetes of least brook lampreys are habitat specialists that prefer fine sand habitat. Hence, availability of fine sand habitat may limit distributions and population sizes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9800-8","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.M., Welsh, S., and Turk, P.J., 2011, Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large Ammocoetes of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera): Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 91, no. 4, p. 421-428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9800-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"428","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023054","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612ab3e4b04f417c2ce4c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Dustin M.","contributorId":171829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turk, Philip J.","contributorId":171830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turk","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004540,"text":"70004540 - 2011 - Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:24:47.204784","indexId":"70004540","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2002, world leaders committed, through the Convention on Biological Diversity, to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. We compiled 31 indicators to report on progress toward this target. Most indicators of the state of biodiversity (covering species’ population trends, extinction risk, habitat extent and condition, and community composition) showed declines, with no significant recent reductions in rate, whereas indicators of pressures on biodiversity (including resource consumption, invasive alien species, nitrogen pollution, overexploitation, and climate change impacts) showed increases. Despite some local successes and increasing responses (including extent and biodiversity coverage of protected areas, sustainable forest management, policy responses to invasive alien species, and biodiversity-related aid), the rate of biodiversity loss does not appear to be slowing.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.1187512","usgsCitation":"Butchart, S.H., Walpole, M., Collen, B., Van Strien, A., Scharlemann, J.P., Almond, R., Baillie, J.E., Bomhard, B., Brown, C., Bruno, J., Carpenter, K.E., Carr, G.M., Chanson, J., Chenery, A.M., Csirke, J., Davidson, N.C., Dentener, F., Foster, M., Galli, A., Galloway, J., Genovesi, P., Gregory, R., Hockings, M., Kapos, V., Lamarque, J., Leverington, F., Loh, J., McGeoch, M.A., McRae, L., Minasyan, A., Morcillo, M.H., Oldfield, T.E., Pauly, D., Quader, S., Revenga, C., Sauer, J., Skolnik, B., Spear, D., Stanwell-Smith, D., Stuart, S.N., Symes, A., Tierney, M., Tyrrell, T.D., Vie, J., and Watson, R., 2011, Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines: Science, v. 328, no. 5982, p. 1164-1168, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1187512.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1164","endPage":"1168","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/PQUX48YL","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"328","issue":"5982","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674d1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butchart, Stuart 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In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring groundwater at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications to water, soil, and vegetation. This more comprehensive monitoring program was recently extended through the end of 2010 and is now completed. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock groundwater, and stream-bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream-bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water runoff effects. This report summarizes analytical results for the biosolids samples collected at the Metro District wastewater treatment plant in Denver and analyzed for 2010. \n\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of nine trace elements (\"priority analytes\") (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, or (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied (background). \n\nPrevious analytical results indicate that the elemental composition of biosolids from the Denver plant was consistent during 1999-2009, and this consistency continues with the samples for 2010. Total concentrations of regulated trace elements remain consistently lower than the regulatory limits for the entire monitoring period. Concentrations of none of the priority analytes appear to have increased during the 12 years of this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111146","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., Yager, T.J., Berry, C., and Adams, M.G., 2011, Analytical results for municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1146, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111146.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391058,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95274.htm"},{"id":21954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1146.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.9625,39.4522], [ -103.9625,39.7458 ], [ -103.7131,39.7458 ], [ -103.7131,39.4522 ], [ -103.9625,39.4522 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. 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,{"id":70004782,"text":"ds589 - 2011 - Biosolids, crop, and groundwater data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2007 and 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:25:30.335449","indexId":"ds589","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"589","title":"Biosolids, crop, and groundwater data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2007 and 2008","docAbstract":"During 2007 and 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey monitored the chemical composition of biosolids, crops, and groundwater related to biosolids applications near Deer Trail, Colorado, in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District. This monitoring effort was a continuation of the monitoring program begun in 1999 in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District and the North Kiowa Bijou Groundwater Management District. The monitoring program addressed concerns from the public about potential chemical effects from applications of biosolids to farmland in the area near Deer Trail, Colo. This report presents chemical data from 2007 and 2008 for biosolids, crops, and alluvial and bedrock groundwater. The chemical data include the constituents of highest concern to the public (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc, and plutonium) in addition to many other constituents. The groundwater section also includes data for precipitation, air temperature, and depth to groundwater at various groundwater-monitoring sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds589","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Smith, D., and Crock, J.G., 2011, Biosolids, crop, and groundwater data for a biosolids-application area near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2007 and 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 589, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds589.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":22516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/589/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_589.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.5,38.5 ], [ -105.5,40.5 ], [ -103,40.5 ], [ -103,38.5 ], [ -105.5,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a38e4b07f02db61cfd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":99250,"text":"fs20113047 - 2011 - Examination of brine contamination risk to aquatic resources from petroleum development in the Williston Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T12:40:02","indexId":"fs20113047","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3047","title":"Examination of brine contamination risk to aquatic resources from petroleum development in the Williston Basin","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey scientists and cooperating partners are examining the potential risk to aquatic resources (for example, wetlands, streams) by contamination from saline waters (brine) produced by petroleum development in the Williston Basin of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. The primary goals of this study are to provide a science-based approach to assess potential risk of brine contamination to aquatic systems and to help focus limited monitoring and mitigation resources on the areas of greatest need. These goals will be accomplished through field investigations that quantify brine movement and risk assessments using remotely-sensed and other spatial datasets.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113047","usgsCitation":"Gleason, R.A., Thamke, J., Smith, B.D., Tangen, B., Chesley-Preston, T.L., and Preston, T.M., 2011, Examination of brine contamination risk to aquatic resources from petroleum development in the Williston Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3047, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113047.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3047.jpg"},{"id":14666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chesley-Preston, Tara L. tchesley-preston@usgs.gov","contributorId":5557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesley-Preston","given":"Tara","email":"tchesley-preston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Preston, Todd M. 0000-0002-8812-9233 tmpreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233","contributorId":1664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","email":"tmpreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70227299,"text":"70227299 - 2011 - A national-scale geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:26:07.604274","indexId":"70227299","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-26T11:26:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A national-scale geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2007, the US Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, c. 4800 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the conterminous USA. The ideal sampling protocol at each site includes a sample from 0–5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm depth, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a sample from the soil C horizon. The &lt;2-mm fraction of each sample is analyzed for Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Ti, Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, HClO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and HF. Separate methods are used for As, Hg, Se and total C on this same size fraction. The major mineralogical components are determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method. Sampling was completed in 2010 with chemical and mineralogical analysis currently underway. Preliminary results for a swath from the central USA to Florida clearly show the effects of soil parent material and climate on the chemical and mineralogical composition of soils. A sample archive will be established and made available for future investigations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.116","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Cannon, W.F., and Woodruff, L.G., 2011, A national-scale geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the conterminous United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. Supplement, p. 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wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":99047,"text":"ofr20101288 - 2011 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Swedeburg and Sprague study areas, eastern Nebraska, May 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr20101288","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1288","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Swedeburg and Sprague study areas, eastern Nebraska, May 2009","docAbstract":"This report is a release of digital data from a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey conducted by Fugro Airborne Surveys in areas of eastern Nebraska as part of a joint hydrologic study by the Lower Platte North and Lower Platte South Natural Resources Districts, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The survey flight lines covered 1,418.6 line km (882 line mile). The survey was flown from April 22 to May 2, 2009. The objective of the contracted survey was to improve the understanding of the relation between surface water and groundwater systems critical to developing groundwater models used in management programs for water resources. \r\nThe electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separate frequencies from about 400 hertz to about 140,000 hertz. The electromagnetic data were converted to georeferenced electrical resistivity grids and maps for each frequency that represent different approximate depths of investigation for each survey area. The electrical resistivity data were input into a numerical inversion to estimate resistivity variations with depth. In addition to the electromagnetic data, total field magnetic data and digital elevation data were collected. Data released in this report consist of flight line data, digital grids, digital databases of the inverted electrical resistivity with depth, and digital maps of the apparent resistivity and total magnetic field. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. The survey areas, Swedeburg and Sprague, were chosen based on results from test flights in 2007 in eastern Nebraska and needs of local water managers. The geophysical and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey studies are being used by resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101288","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Lower Platte North and Lower Platte South Natural Resources Districts","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., Minsley, B., Ball, L., Steele, G.V., and Deszcz-Pan, M., 2011, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Swedeburg and Sprague study areas, eastern Nebraska, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1288, v, 31 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101288.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-04-22","temporalEnd":"2009-05-02","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1288.png"},{"id":14490,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1288/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.5,40.5 ], [ -97.5,41.25 ], [ -95.75,41.25 ], [ -95.75,40.5 ], [ -97.5,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, J.D.","contributorId":20686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, J. C.","contributorId":105258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, L.B.","contributorId":37683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steele, G. V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, M.","contributorId":102422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":98999,"text":"ofr20111012 - 2011 - Non-native fish control below Glen Canyon Dam - Report from a structured decision-making project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T12:09:04.888634","indexId":"ofr20111012","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1012","title":"Non-native fish control below Glen Canyon Dam - Report from a structured decision-making project","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a structured decision-making project by the U.S. Geological Survey to provide substantive input to the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) for use in the preparation of an Environmental Assessment concerning control of non-native fish below Glen Canyon Dam. A forum was created to allow the diverse cooperating agencies and Tribes to discuss, expand, and articulate their respective values; to develop and evaluate a broad set of potential control alternatives using the best available science; and to define individual preferences of each group on how to manage the inherent trade-offs in this non-native fish control problem.\r\nThis project consisted of two face-to-face workshops, held in Mesa, Arizona, October 18-20 and November 8-10, 2010. At the first workshop, a diverse set of objectives was discussed, which represented the range of concerns of those agencies and Tribes present. A set of non-native fish control alternatives ('hybrid portfolios') was also developed. Over the 2-week period between the two workshops, four assessment teams worked to evaluate the control alternatives against the array of objectives. At the second workshop, the results of the assessment teams were presented. Multi-criteria decision analysis methods were used to examine the trade-offs inherent in the problem, and allowed the participating agencies and Tribes to express their individual judgments about how those trade-offs should best be managed in Reclamation`s selection of a preferred alternative.\r\nA broad array of objectives was identified and defined, and an effort was made to understand how these objectives are likely to be achieved by a variety of strategies. In general, the objectives reflected desired future conditions over 30 years. A rich set of alternative approaches was developed, and the complex structure of those alternatives was documented. Multi-criteria decision analysis methods allowed the evaluation of those alternatives against the array of objectives, with the values of individual agencies and tribes deliberately preserved.\r\nTrout removal strategies aimed at the Paria to Badger Rapid reach (PBR), with a variety of permutations in deference to cultural values, and with backup removal at the Little Colorado River reach (LCR) if necessary, were identified as top-ranking portfolios for all agencies and Tribes. These PBR/LCR removal portfolios outperformed LCR-only removal portfolios, for cultural reasons and for effectiveness - the probability of keeping the humpback chub population above a desired threshold was estimated to be higher under the PBR/LCR portfolios than the LCR-only portfolios. The PBR/LCR removal portfolios also outperformed portfolios based on flow manipulations, primarily because of the effect of sport fishery and wilderness recreation objectives, as well as cultural objectives. The preference for the PBR/LCR removal portfolios was quite robust to variation in the objective weights and to uncertainty about the underlying dynamics, at least over the ranges of uncertainty investigated.\r\nExamination of the effect of uncertainty on the recommended outcomes allowed us to complete a 'value of information' analysis. The results of this analysis led to an adaptive strategy that includes three possible long-term management actions (no action; LCR removal; or PBR removal) and seeks to reduce uncertainty about the following two issues: the degree to which rainbow trout limit chub populations, and the effectiveness of PBR removal to reduce trout emigration downstream into Marble and eastern Grand Canyons, where the largest population of humpback chub exist. In the face of uncertainty about the effectiveness of PBR removal, a case might be made for including flow manipulations in an adaptive strategy, but formal analysis of this case was not conducted.\r\nThe full set of conclusions described above is not definitive, however. This analysis described in this report is a simplified depiction of the t","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111012","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Bean, E., Smith, D., and Kokos, S., 2011, Non-native fish control below Glen Canyon Dam - Report from a structured decision-making project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1012, vi, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111012.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":133722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111,37.5 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6970bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bean, Ellen","contributorId":77111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokos, Sonja","contributorId":46479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokos","given":"Sonja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70147901,"text":"70147901 - 2011 - Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: Influence of growing season length on reproductive strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T20:20:48.228763","indexId":"70147901","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: Influence of growing season length on reproductive strategies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organisms that reproduce in temperate regions have limited time to produce offspring successfully, and this constraint is expected to be more pronounced in areas with short growing seasons. Information concerning how reproductive ecology of endotherms might be influenced by growing season length (GSL) is rare, and species that breed over a broad geographic range provide an opportunity to study the effects of time constraints on reproductive strategies. We analyzed data from a temperate‐breeding bird, the lesser scaup&nbsp;</span><i>Aythya affinis</i><span>; hereafter scaup, collected at eight sites across a broad gradient of GSL to evaluate three hypotheses related to reproductive compensation in response to varying time constraints. Clutch initiation date in scaup was unaffected by GSL and was unrelated to latitude; spring thaw dates had a marginal impact on timing of breeding. Clutch size declined during the nesting season, as is reported frequently in bird species, but was also unaffected by GSL. Scaup do not appear to compensate for shorter growing seasons by more rapidly reducing clutch size. This study demonstrates that this species is remarkably consistent in terms of timing of breeding and clutch size, regardless of growing season characteristics. Such inflexibility could make this species particularly sensitive to environmental changes that affect resource availabilities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06622.x","usgsCitation":"Gurney, K.E., Clark, R., Slattery, S., Smith-Downey, N.V., Walker, J.I., Armstrong, L.M., Stephens, S.E., Petrula, M.J., Corcoran, R.M., Martin, K., Degroot, K.A., Brook, R.W., Afton, A.D., Cutting, K., Warren, J.M., Fournier, M., and Koons, D.N., 2011, Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: Influence of growing season length on reproductive strategies: Ecography, v. 34, no. 4, p. 628-636, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06622.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"628","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024577","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Manitoba, Montana, North Dakota, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.46875,\n              64.09140752262307\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.03125,\n              64.09140752262307\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.03125,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.46875,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.46875,\n              64.09140752262307\n            ]\n          ]\n    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V.","contributorId":24597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith-Downey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, Jordan I. 0000-0003-2226-3373 jiwalker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-3373","contributorId":4608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Jordan","email":"jiwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Armstrong, L. 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M.","contributorId":19783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corcoran","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Martin, K.","contributorId":82666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Degroot, K. A.","contributorId":99804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degroot","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Brook, Rodney W.","contributorId":92083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brook","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cutting, K.","contributorId":95724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cutting","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Warren, J. M.","contributorId":105130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warren","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Fournier, M.","contributorId":52434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Koons, David N.","contributorId":28137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70034103,"text":"70034103 - 2011 - Recovery and reprocessing of legacy geophysical data from the archives of the State Company of Geology and Mining (GEOSURV) of Iraq and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:54:35.141578","indexId":"70034103","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery and reprocessing of legacy geophysical data from the archives of the State Company of Geology and Mining (GEOSURV) of Iraq and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aeromagnetic data belonging to the State Company of Geology and Mining of Iraq (GEOSURV) have been recovered from magnetic tapes and early paper maps. In 1974 a national airborne survey was flown by the French firm Compagnie General de Geophysique (CGG). Following the survey the magnetic data were stored on magnetic tapes within an air conditioned archive run by GEOSURV. In 1990, the power supply to the archive was cut resulting in the present‐day poor condition of the tapes. Frontier Processing Company and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have been able to recover over 99 percent of the original digital data from the CGG tapes. Preliminary reprocessing of the data yielded a total magnetic field anomaly map that reveals fine structures not evident in available published maps. Successful restoration of these comprehensive, high quality digital datasets obviates the need to resurvey the entire country, thereby saving considerable time and money. These data were delivered to GEOSURV in a standard format for further analysis and interpretation. A parallel effort by GETECH concentrated on recovering the legacy gravity data from the original field data sheets archived by IPC (Iraq Petroleum Company). These data have been compiled with more recent GEOSURV sponsored surveys thus allowing for the first time a comprehensive digital and unified national gravity database to be constructed with full principal facts. Figure 1 shows the final aeromagnetic and gravity data coverage of Iraq. The only part of Iraq lacking gravity and aeromagnetic data coverage is the mountainous areas of the Kurdish region of northeastern Iraq. Joint interpretation of the magnetic and gravity data will help guide future geophysical investigations by GEOSURV, whose ultimate aim is to discover economical mineral and energy resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3628209","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.V., Drenth, B.J., Fairhead, J., Lei, K., Dark, J., and Al-Bassam, K., 2011, Recovery and reprocessing of legacy geophysical data from the archives of the State Company of Geology and Mining (GEOSURV) of Iraq and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC): SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 30, no. 1, p. 856-860, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3628209.","startPage":"856","endPage":"860","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran, Iraq","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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,{"id":70036272,"text":"70036272 - 2011 - Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036272","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance","docAbstract":"Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1010875108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"George, D., Webb, C., Farnsworth, M.L., O'Shea, T., Bowen, R.A., Smith, D., Stanley, T., Ellison, L., and Rupprecht, C.E., 2011, Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 25, p. 10208-10213, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010875108.","startPage":"10208","endPage":"10213","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475263,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3121824","text":"External Repository"},{"id":218575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010875108"},{"id":246600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a322ce4b0c8380cd5e5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.B.","contributorId":17865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, C.T.","contributorId":84199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnsworth, Matthew L.","contributorId":56473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12434,"text":"USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, D.L.","contributorId":41833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rupprecht, C. E.","contributorId":101602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupprecht","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70033970,"text":"70033970 - 2011 - Classification of MEC with the ALLTEM at Camp Stanley, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70033970","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of MEC with the ALLTEM at Camp Stanley, Texas","docAbstract":"The ALLTEM is a multi-axis electromagnetic induction system designed for unexploded ordnance UXO applications. It uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation and provides good late-time signal-to-noise ratio SNR especially for ferrous targets. Multi-axis transmitter Tx and receiver Rx systems such as ALLTEM provide a richer data set from which to invert for the target parameters required to distinguish between clutter and UXO. Inversions of field data acquired between 2006 and 2010 over the Army's UXO Standardized Test sites at the Yuma Proving Ground YPG in Arizona and at the Aberdeen Proving Ground APG in Maryland have produced reasonable and generally repeatable results for many UXO items buried at different orientations and depths. In February-March 2011 ALLTEM data was acquired at two locations on the Camp Stanley Storage Activity CSSA just north of San Antonio, Texas. Camp Stanley is used to store munitions as well as test, fire, and overhaul munitions components. Site B-20 is an open burn/open detonation OBOD area and Site B-27 consists of narrow trenches blasted into limestone containing buried range and munitions debris and possibly MEC. The processing, analysis, and classification techniques developed at the controlled environments of YPG and APG have been applied to these two \"live\" sites at Camp Stanley. ALLTEM data analysis includes both classical numerical inversion of data from each anomaly and clustering of the raw data by means of a self-organizing map SOM via generalized neural network algorithms. Final classification consists of an integration of both the numerical and SOM results. ?? 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3627456","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Asch, T., Moulton, C., and Smith, D., 2011, Classification of MEC with the ALLTEM at Camp Stanley, Texas: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1363-1367, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3627456.","startPage":"1363","endPage":"1367","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216860,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3627456"},{"id":244758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f618e4b0c8380cd4c5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asch, T.","contributorId":95709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moulton, C.","contributorId":24198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036388,"text":"70036388 - 2011 - The high life: Transport of microbes in the atmosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-10T17:50:27.990713","indexId":"70036388","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The high life: Transport of microbes in the atmosphere","docAbstract":"Microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses) are the most successful types of life on Earth because of their ability to adapt to new environments, reproduce quickly, and disperse globally. Dispersal occurs through a number of vectors, such as migrating animals or the hydrological cycle, but transport by wind may be the most common way microbes spread. General awareness of airborne microbes predates the science of microbiology. People took advantage of wild airborne yeasts to cultivate lighter, more desirable bread as far back as ancient Egypt by simply leaving a mixture of grain and liquids near an open window. In 1862, Louis Pasteur's quest to disprove spontaneous generation resulted in the discovery that microbes were actually single-celled, living creatures, prevalent in the environment and easily killed with heat (pasteurization). His rudimentary experiments determined that any nutrient medium left open to the air would eventually teem with microbial life because of free-floating, colonizing cells. The same can happen in a kitchen: Opportunistic fungal and bacterial cells cause food items exposed to the air to eventually spoil.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO300001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Griffin, D., and Jaffe, D., 2011, The high life: Transport of microbes in the atmosphere: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 30, p. 249-250, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO300001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo300001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb8e4b08c986b3236ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.J.","contributorId":48417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":455864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, D.A.","contributorId":43713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036306,"text":"70036306 - 2011 - Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T10:04:19","indexId":"70036306","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Powder River Basin is one of the largest producers of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the United States. An important environmental concern in the Basin is the fate of the large amounts of groundwater extracted during CBNG production. Most of this produced water is disposed of in unlined surface impoundments. A 6-year study of groundwater flow and water chemistry at one impoundment, Skewed Reservoir, has produced the most detailed data set for any impoundment in the Basin. Data were collected from a network of 21 observation wells and three suction lysimeters. A groundwater mound formed atop bedrock within initially unsaturated, unconsolidated deposits underlying the reservoir. Heterogeneity in physical and chemical properties of sediments resulted in complex groundwater flow paths and highly variable groundwater chemistry. Sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, and magnesium were the dominant ions in all areas, but substantial variability existed in relative concentrations; pH varied from less than 3 to more than 9, and total dissolved solids concentrations ranged from less than 5000 to greater than 100,000&nbsp;mg/L. Selenium was a useful tracer of reservoir water; selenium concentrations exceeded 300&nbsp;μg/L in samples obtained from 18 of the 24 sampling points. Groundwater travel time from the reservoir to a nearby alluvial aquifer (a linear distance of 177&nbsp;m) was calculated at 474&nbsp;days on the basis of selenium concentrations. The produced water is not the primary source of solutes in the groundwater. Naturally occurring salts and minerals within the unsaturated zone, dissolved and mobilized by infiltrating impoundment water, account for most of the solute mass in groundwater. Gypsum dissolution, cation-exchange, and pyrite oxidation appear to be important reactions. The complex geochemistry and groundwater flow paths at the study site underscore the difficulty in assessing effects of surface impoundments on water resources within the Powder River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.042","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., Bartos, T., Rice, C.A., McKinley, M., and Smith, B.D., 2011, Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 403, no. 1-2, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.042.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-023386","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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,{"id":70034184,"text":"70034184 - 2011 - Evaluation of single and two-stage adaptive sampling designs for estimation of density and abundance of freshwater mussels in a large river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T09:27:23","indexId":"70034184","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of single and two-stage adaptive sampling designs for estimation of density and abundance of freshwater mussels in a large river","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of abundance are needed to assess consequences of proposed habitat restoration and enhancement projects on freshwater mussels in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Although there is general guidance on sampling techniques for population assessment of freshwater mussels, the actual performance of sampling designs can depend critically on the population density and spatial distribution at the project site. To evaluate various sampling designs, we simulated sampling of populations, which varied in density and degree of spatial clustering. Because of logistics and costs of large river sampling and spatial clustering of freshwater mussels, we focused on adaptive and non-adaptive versions of single and two-stage sampling. The candidate designs performed similarly in terms of precision (CV) and probability of species detection for fixed sample size. Both CV and species detection were determined largely by density, spatial distribution and sample size. However, designs did differ in the rate that occupied quadrats were encountered. Occupied units had a higher probability of selection using adaptive designs than conventional designs. We used two measures of cost: sample size (i.e. number of quadrats) and distance travelled between the quadrats. Adaptive and two-stage designs tended to reduce distance between sampling units, and thus performed better when distance travelled was considered. Based on the comparisons, we provide general recommendations on the sampling designs for the freshwater mussels in the UMR, and presumably other large rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1334","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Rogala, J.T., Gray, B., Zigler, S.J., and Newton, T., 2011, Evaluation of single and two-stage adaptive sampling designs for estimation of density and abundance of freshwater mussels in a large river: River Research and Applications, v. 27, no. 1, p. 122-133, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1334.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1334"},{"id":244517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cc3e4b0c8380cd52caf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogala, J. T.","contributorId":28572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, B. R. 0000-0001-7682-9550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":14785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034306,"text":"70034306 - 2011 - Collection of mammal manure and other Debris by nesting Burrowing Owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-23T12:36:23.48218","indexId":"70034306","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Collection of mammal manure and other Debris by nesting Burrowing Owls","docAbstract":"<p><span>Burrowing Owls (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Athene cunicularia</span><span>) routinely collect and scatter dry manure of mammals around their nesting burrows. Recent studies have suggested this behavior attracts insect prey to the nesting burrow. However, some Burrowing Owls do not use manure, but instead, collect and scatter other materials (e.g., grass, moss, paper, plastic) around their nesting burrow in a similar fashion. Use of these materials seemingly contradicts the prey-attraction hypothesis. Using observational and experimental methods, we tested whether Burrowing Owls preferred manure to other materials commonly found at nesting burrows in eastern Washington. We found a wide variety of materials at nests, but grass and manure were the most common materials. The amount of manure present at nests was negatively correlated with the amount of other materials, and with the distance to the nearest source of manure. Burrowing Owls showed no preference between horse manure and grass divots at experimental supply stations that we placed near nesting burrows. They did prefer these two materials to carpet pieces and aluminum foil (both materials that are often found at Burrowing Owl nests). Our results did not support the premise that Burrowing Owls specifically seek out manure when lining their nesting burrows. The unusual behavior of collecting and scattering mammal manure and other debris at Burrowing Owl nests may serve functions other than (or in addition to) prey attraction and alternative hypotheses need further testing before the function of this behavior is certain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3356/JRR-10-63.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.D., and Conway, C., 2011, Collection of mammal manure and other Debris by nesting Burrowing Owls: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 45, no. 3, p. 220-228, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-10-63.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"228","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-10-63.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b1e4b0c8380cd4cc5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044955,"text":"70044955 - 2011 - Monitoring soil geochemistry in the urban environment: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005 in Denver, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:26:45.63893","indexId":"70044955","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Monitoring soil geochemistry in the urban environment: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005 in Denver, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available","conferenceTitle":"Environmental Measurement Symposium","conferenceDate":"2011-08-18T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Bellevue","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Ellefsen, K.J., Garrett, R.G., and Closs, L.G., 2011, Monitoring soil geochemistry in the urban environment: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005 in Denver, Colorado, 23 slides.","productDescription":"23 slides","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031390","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nemc.us/docs/2011/presentations/Presentation-SmithD-Monitoring-Geochemical-8-18-11-Thu-PM-2%20[Compatibility%20Mode].pdf"},{"id":271368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.569000,39.493444 ], [ -105.569000,40.108538 ], [ -104.567871,40.108538 ], [ -104.567871,39.493444 ], [ -105.569000,39.493444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765beae4b0f989f99e0103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":476510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, Ronald G.","contributorId":34947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Closs, L. Graham","contributorId":89236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Closs","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034297,"text":"70034297 - 2011 - Beach characteristics mitigate effects of onshore wind on horseshoe crab spawning: Implications for matching with shorebird migration in Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-23T12:40:28.752911","indexId":"70034297","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach characteristics mitigate effects of onshore wind on horseshoe crab spawning: Implications for matching with shorebird migration in Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Disruption of food availability by unfavorable physical processes at energetically demanding times can limit recruitment of migratory species as predicted by the match–mismatch hypothesis. Identification and protection of disruption‐resistant habitat could contribute to system resilience. For example, horseshoe crab&nbsp;</span><i>Limulus polyphemus</i><span>&nbsp;spawning and shorebird stopover must match temporally in Delaware Bay for eggs to be available to shorebirds. Onshore winds that generate waves can create a mismatch by delaying horseshoe crab spawning. We examined effects of beach characteristics and onshore winds on spawning activity at five beaches when water temperatures were otherwise consistent with early spawning activity. Onshore winds resulted in reduced spawning activity during the shorebird stopover, when spawning typically peaks in late May. During the period with high onshore wind, egg density was highest on the foreshore exposed to the lowest wave heights. Onshore wind was low in early June, and spawning and egg densities were high at all sites, but shorebirds had departed. Beaches that can serve as a refuge from wind and waves can be identified by physical characteristics and orientation to prevailing winds and should receive special conservation status, especially in light of predicted increases in climate change‐induced storm frequency. These results point to a potential conservation strategy that includes coastal management for adapting to climate change‐induced mismatch of migrations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00481.x","issn":"13679430","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Jackson, N., Nordstrom, K., and Weber, R., 2011, Beach characteristics mitigate effects of onshore wind on horseshoe crab spawning: Implications for matching with shorebird migration in Delaware Bay: Animal Conservation, v. 14, no. 5, p. 575-584, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00481.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"584","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.60379028320312,\n              38.8504034216919\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.74960327148438,\n              38.8504034216919\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.74960327148438,\n              39.44785903194701\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60379028320312,\n              39.44785903194701\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60379028320312,\n              38.8504034216919\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f02fe4b0c8380cd4a626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}