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C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dimova, Natasha T.","contributorId":50769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dulaiova, Henrieta","contributorId":46635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulaiova","given":"Henrieta","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane-Smith, Derek","contributorId":257190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane-Smith","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parsa, Bahman","contributorId":28487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsa","given":"Bahman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030919,"text":"70030919 - 2007 - Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030919","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system","docAbstract":"Because some native ungulates have lived without top predators for generations, it has been uncertain whether runaway predation would occur when predators are newly restored to these systems. We show that landscape features and vegetation, which influence predator detection and capture of prey, shape large-scale patterns of predation in a newly restored predator-prey system. We analysed the spatial distribution of wolf (Canis lupus) predation on elk (Cervus elaphus) on the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park over 10 consecutive winters. The influence of wolf distribution on kill sites diminished over the course of this study, a result that was likely caused by territorial constraints on wolf distribution. In contrast, landscape factors strongly influenced kill sites, creating distinct hunting grounds and prey refugia. Elk in this newly restored predator-prey system should be able to mediate their risk of predation by movement and habitat selection across a heterogeneous risk landscape. ?? 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, M.J., Varley, N., Smith, D., Stahler, D., MacNulty, D., and Boyce, M., 2007, Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system: Ecology Letters, v. 10, no. 8, p. 690-700, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x.","startPage":"690","endPage":"700","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498913,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x"},{"id":239034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4413e4b0c8380cd66825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, M. J.","contributorId":44262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varley, N.","contributorId":57654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varley","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stahler, D.R.","contributorId":90107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacNulty, D.R.","contributorId":7661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyce, M.S.","contributorId":16354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029981,"text":"70029981 - 2007 - Effect of horseshoe crab spawning density on nest disturbance and exhumation of eggs: A simulation study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T17:25:53.910872","indexId":"70029981","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of horseshoe crab spawning density on nest disturbance and exhumation of eggs: A simulation study","docAbstract":"<p>Because the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab (<i>Limulus polyphemus</i>) population is managed to provide for dependent species, such as migratory shorebirds, there is a need to understand the process of egg exhumation and to predict eggs available to foraging shorebirds. A simple spatial model was used to simulate horseshoe crab spawning that would occur on a typical Delaware Bay beach during spring tide cycles to quantify density-dependent nest disturbance. At least 20% of nests and eggs were disturbed for levels of spawning greater than one third of the average density in Delaware Bay during 2004. Nest disturbance increased approximately linearly as spawning density increased from one half to twice the 2004 level. As spawning density increased further, the percentage of eggs that were disturbed reached an asymptote of 70% for densities up to 10 times the density in 2004. Nest disturbance was heaviest in the mid beach zone. Nest disturbance precedes entrainment and begins the process of exhumation of eggs to surface sediments. Model predictions were combined with observations from egg surveys to estimate a snap-shot exhumation rate of 5-9% of disturbed eggs. Because an unknown quantity of eggs were exhumed and removed from the beach prior to the survey, cumulative exhumation rate was likely to have been higher than the snap-shot estimate. Because egg exhumation is density-dependent, in addition to managing for a high population size, identification and conservation of beaches where spawning horseshoe crabs concentrate in high densities (i.e., hot spots) are important steps toward providing a reliable food supply for migratory shorebirds.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/BF02700171","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 2007, Effect of horseshoe crab spawning density on nest disturbance and exhumation of eggs: A simulation study: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 30, no. 2, p. 287-295, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02700171.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              38.976492485539396\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2398681640625,\n              38.852542390364235\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.970703125,\n              38.843986129756615\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0421142578125,\n              39.0831721934762\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1849365234375,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4156494140625,\n              39.142842478062505\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              38.976492485539396\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e9e4b0c8380cd5100b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029865,"text":"70029865 - 2007 - An age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay area to assess harvest and egg availability for shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T17:39:43.455122","indexId":"70029865","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay area to assess harvest and egg availability for shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this simulation study was to create an age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs (<i>Limulus polyphenols</i>) in the Delaware Bay region using best available estimates of age-specific mortality and recent harvest levels. Density dependence was incorporated using a spatial model relating egg mortality with abundance of spawning females. Combinations of annual female harvest (0, 50, 100, and 200 thousand), timing of female harvest (before or after spawning), and three levels of density-dependent egg mortality were simulated. The probability of the population increasing was high (&gt; 80%) with low and medium egg mortality and harvest less than 200 thousand females per year. Under the high egg mortality case, the probability of the population increasing was &lt; 50% regardless of harvest. Harvest occurring after spawning increased the probability of population growth. The number of eggs available to shorebirds was highest when egg mortality was lowest and female abundance was at its highest levels. Although harvest and egg mortality influenced population growth and food availability to shorebirds, sensitivity and elasticity analyses showed that early-life stage mortality, age 0 mortality in particular, was the most important parameter for population growth. Our modeling results indicate areas where further research is needed and suggest effective management will involve a combination of harvest management and actions to increase early juvenile survival.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/BF02700170","usgsCitation":"Sweka, J., Smith, D., and Millard, M.J., 2007, An age-structured population model for horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay area to assess harvest and egg availability for shorebirds: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 30, no. 2, p. 277-286, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02700170.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              38.976492485539396\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2398681640625,\n              38.852542390364235\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.970703125,\n              38.843986129756615\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0421142578125,\n              39.0831721934762\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1849365234375,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4156494140625,\n              39.142842478062505\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              38.976492485539396\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e7e4b0c8380cd48502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweka, J. A.","contributorId":15015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweka","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millard, M. J.","contributorId":40555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031334,"text":"70031334 - 2007 - Evaluation of a small beach nourishment project to enhance habitat suitability for horseshoe crabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031334","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a small beach nourishment project to enhance habitat suitability for horseshoe crabs","docAbstract":"This field study evaluates the effect of nourishing an estuarine beach with gravel to enhance spawning rates by horseshoe crabs. A total of 564??m3 of coarse sand and gravel were emplaced in two 90??m-long treatment segments at Bowers Beach, Delaware, USA from 9 to 11 April 2002. Field data were gathered between 6 April and 24 May 2002 to characterize the two fill segments and the un-nourished segments between them as well as two control segments at the adjacent Ted Harvey Beach. Sediment samples were taken from the foreshore surface and at depth before and after the nourishment. Bay water levels, wave heights, and beach ground water characteristics were monitored over a 12-hour tidal cycle at one of the nourished (15 May 2002) and the unnourished segment (16 May 2002) at Bowers Beach and at one of the control segments at Ted Harvey Beach (21 May 2002) using piezometers and pressure transducers inserted in wells. The beaches were cored to estimate the density of horseshoe crab eggs deposited during the spawning season. Horseshoe crab eggs were buried in pouches at 0.15 to 0.20??m depth for 30 to 40??days to evaluate their survival in developing into embryo or larval stage. Bulk sediment samples were taken to evaluate moisture characteristics near locations where egg pouches were buried. Density of spawning females at Bowers Beach was 1.04??m- 2 in 2001 and 1.20??m- 2 in 2002. These rates are lower than at Ted Harvey Beach but reveal an increase in spawning while Ted Harvey Beach underwent a considerable decrease (2.63??m- 2 to 1.35??m- 2). Sediments low on the foreshore remained nearly saturated throughout the tidal cycle at both beaches. The average hydraulic conductivity on the upper foreshore at the non-treatment section at Bowers Beach (0.19??cm s- 1) was less than at Ted Harvey Beach (0.27??cm s- 1), and the finer, better sorted sediments at depth at Bowers Beach resulted in a higher porosity, creating greater moisture retention potential. Egg development was greatest at mid foreshore at all sites. Eggs at the lower foreshore elevation remained viable, but did not develop to the embryo stage. Between-beach differences were limited to high elevations where higher mortality occurred at Ted Harvey Beach due to desiccation. Adding small amounts of gravel to a sand beach may change the appearance of the surface but may not appreciably increase mean grain size and sorting at depth or the hydraulic conductivity over the spawning season. The pebble fraction may be important for site selection, but finer sizes may be more important for egg survival because of moisture retention. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.017","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jackson, N., Smith, D., Tiyarattanachai, R., and Nordstrom, K., 2007, Evaluation of a small beach nourishment project to enhance habitat suitability for horseshoe crabs: Geomorphology, v. 89, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 172-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.017.","startPage":"172","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.017"},{"id":239719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c39e4b0c8380cd52aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiyarattanachai, R.","contributorId":65285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiyarattanachai","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031039,"text":"70031039 - 2007 - Does species diversity limit productivity in natural grassland communities?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031039","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does species diversity limit productivity in natural grassland communities?","docAbstract":"Theoretical analyses and experimental studies of synthesized assemblages indicate that under particular circumstances species diversity can enhance community productivity through niche complementarity. It remains unclear whether this process has important effects in mature natural ecosystems where competitive feedbacks and complex environmental influences affect diversity-productivity relationships. In this study, we evaluated diversity-productivity relationships while statistically controlling for environmental influences in 12 natural grassland ecosystems. Because diversity-productivity relationships are conspicuously nonlinear, we developed a nonlinear structural equation modeling (SEM) methodology to separate the effects of diversity on productivity from the effects of productivity on diversity. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the SEM findings across studies. While competitive effects were readily detected, enhancement of production by diversity was not. These results suggest that the influence of small-scale diversity on productivity in mature natural systems is a weak force, both in absolute terms and relative to the effects of other controls on productivity. ?? 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01058.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., Anderson, T., Smith, M.D., Seabloom, E., Andelman, S., Meche, G., Weiher, E., Allain, L., Jutila, H., Sankaran, M., Knops, J., Ritchie, M., and Willig, M.R., 2007, Does species diversity limit productivity in natural grassland communities?: Ecology Letters, v. 10, no. 8, p. 680-689, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01058.x.","startPage":"680","endPage":"689","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211482,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01058.x"},{"id":238777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0397e4b0c8380cd50564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, T.M.","contributorId":70996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seabloom, E.","contributorId":86967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seabloom","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andelman, S.J.","contributorId":25113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andelman","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meche, G.","contributorId":43565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meche","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weiher, E.","contributorId":18155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiher","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Allain, L.K. 0000-0002-7717-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":22141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"L.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jutila, H.","contributorId":42782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jutila","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sankaran, M.","contributorId":96475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Knops, J.","contributorId":61641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knops","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ritchie, M.","contributorId":106701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Willig, M. R.","contributorId":68517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willig","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70033182,"text":"70033182 - 2007 - Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033182","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses","docAbstract":"Animals have evolved an impressive array of behavioural traits to avoid depredation. Olfactory camouflage of conspicuous odours is a strategy to avoid depredation that has been implicated only in a few species of birds. Burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia, routinely collect dried manure from mammals and scatter it in their nest chamber, in the tunnel leading to their nest and at the entrance to their nesting burrow. This unusual behaviour was thought to reduce nest depredation by concealing the scent of adults and juveniles, but a recent study suggests that manure functions to attract arthropod prey. However, burrowing owls routinely scatter other materials in the same way that they scatter manure, and this fact seems to be at odds with both of these hypotheses. Thus, we examined the function of this behaviour by testing four alternative hypotheses. We found no support for the widely cited olfactory-camouflage hypothesis (manure did not lower the probability of depredation), or for the mate-attraction hypothesis (males collected manure after, not before, pair formation). Predictions of the burrow-occupied hypothesis (manure indicates occupancy to conspecifics and thereby reduces agonistic interactions) were supported, but results were not statistically significant. Our results also supported several predictions of the prey-attraction hypothesis. Pitfall traps at sampling sites with manure collected more arthropod biomass (of taxa common in the diet of burrowing owls) than pitfall traps at sampling sites without manure. Scattering behaviour of burrowing owls appears to function to attract arthropod prey, but may also signal occupancy of a burrow to conspecifics. ?? 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Behaviour","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012","issn":"00033472","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.D., and Conway, C., 2007, Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses: Animal Behaviour, v. 73, no. 1, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213561,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012"},{"id":241195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf3de4b08c986b329a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033113,"text":"70033113 - 2007 - Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis","docAbstract":"The Helbig method for estimating total magnetization directions of compact sources from magnetic vector components is extended so that tensor magnetic gradient components can be used instead. Depths of the compact sources can be estimated using the Euler equation, and their dipole moment magnitudes can be estimated using a least squares fit to the vector component or tensor gradient component data. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2792526","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Nabighian, M., Smith, D., and Li, Y., 2007, Estimating locations and total magnetization vectors of compact magnetic sources from scalar, vector, or tensor magnetic measurements through combined Helbig and Euler analysis, <i>in</i> SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 26, no. 1, p. 770-774, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2792526.","startPage":"770","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792526"},{"id":241189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b29e4b0c8380cd525d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031220,"text":"70031220 - 2007 - Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T10:00:56","indexId":"70031220","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1665,"text":"Flora","onlineIssn":"1618-0585","printIssn":"0367-2530","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland","docAbstract":"<p>Biological soil crusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems. We monitored the cover of lichens and mosses, cyanobacterial biomass, concentrations of UV-protective pigments in both free-living and lichenized cyanobacteria, and quantum yield in the soil lichen species <i>Collema</i> in an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland. During our sampling time, the site received historically high and low levels of precipitation, whereas temperatures were close to normal. Lichen cover, dominated by <i>Collema tenax</i> and <i>C. coccophorum</i>, and moss cover, dominated by <i>Syntrichia caninervis</i>, responded to both increases and decreases in precipitation. This finding for <i>Collema</i> spp. at a hot Mojave Desert site is in contrast to a similar study conducted at a cool desert site on the Colorado Plateau in SE Utah, USA, where <i>Collema</i> spp. cover dropped in response to elevated temperatures, but did not respond to changes in rainfall. The concentrations of UV-protective pigments in free-living cyanobacteria at the Mojave Desert site were also strongly and positively related to rainfall received between sampling times (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values ranged from 0.78 to 0.99). However, pigment levels in the lichenized cyanobacteria showed little correlation with rainfall. Quantum yield in <i>Collema</i> spp. was closely correlated with rainfall. Climate models in this region predict a 3.5–4.0&nbsp;°C rise in temperature and a 15–20% decline in winter precipitation by 2099. Based on our data, this rise in temperature is unlikely to have a strong effect on the dominant species of the soil crusts. However, the predicted drop in precipitation will likely lead to a decrease in soil lichen and moss cover, and high stress or mortality in soil cyanobacteria as levels of UV-protective pigments decline. In addition, surface-disturbing activities (e.g., recreation, military activities, fire) are rapidly increasing in the Mojave Desert, and these disturbances quickly remove soil lichens and mosses. These stresses combined are likely to lead to shifts in species composition and the local extirpation of some lichen or moss species. As these organisms are critical components of nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and soil stability, such changes are likely to reverberate throughout these ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2007.05.007","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Phillips, S.L., and Smith, S., 2007, Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland: Flora, v. 202, no. 8, p. 674-686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2007.05.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"674","endPage":"686","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"202","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0432e4b0c8380cd50845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L. 0000-0002-5891-8485 sue_phillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8485","contributorId":717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"sue_phillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Stanley D.","contributorId":83417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanley D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030114,"text":"70030114 - 2007 - A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:33:41","indexId":"70030114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf","docAbstract":"Although predatory behavior is traditionally described by a basic ethogram composed of 3 phases (search, pursue, and capture), behavioral studies of large terrestrial carnivores generally use the concept of a \"hunt\" to classify and measure foraging. This approach is problematic because there is no consensus on what behaviors constitute a hunt. We therefore examined how the basic ethogram could be used as a common framework for classifying large-carnivore behavior. We used >2,150 h of observed wolf (Canis lupus) behavior in Yellowstone National Park, including 517 and 134 encounters with elk (Cervus elaphus) and American bison (Bison bison), respectively, to demonstrate the functional importance of several frequently described, but rarely quantified, patterns of large-carnivore behavior not explicitly described by the basic ethogram (approaching, watching, and attacking groups). To account for these additionally important behaviors we propose a modified form of the basic ethogram (search, approach, watch, attack-group, attack-individual, and capture). We tested the applicability of this ethogram by comparing it to 31 previous classifications and descriptions involving 7 other species and 5 other wolf populations. Close correspondence among studies suggests that this ethogram may provide a generally useful scheme for classifying large-carnivore predatory behavior that is behaviorally less ambiguous than the concept of a hunt. ?? 2007 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"MacNulty, D., Mech, L., and Smith, D., 2007, A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 88, no. 3, p. 595-605, https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"605","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477281,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-a-119r1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e516e4b0c8380cd46aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNulty, D.R.","contributorId":7661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031568,"text":"70031568 - 2007 - Intersex (Testicular Oocytes) in smallmouth bass from the Potomac River and selected nearby drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T13:41:04","indexId":"70031568","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intersex (Testicular Oocytes) in smallmouth bass from the Potomac River and selected nearby drainages","docAbstract":"<p>Intersex, or the presence of characteristics of both sexes, in fishes that are normally gonochoristic has been used as an indicator of exposure to estrogenic compounds. In 2003, during health assessments conducted in response to kills and a high prevalence of skin lesions observed in smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in the South Branch of the Potomac River, the presence of immature oocytes within testes was noted. To evaluate this condition, a severity index (0-4) was developed based on the distribution of oocytes within the testes. Using gonad samples collected from 2003 to 2005, the number of histologic sections needed to accurately detect the condition in mature smallmouth bass was statistically evaluated. The reliability of detection depended on the severity index and the number of sections examined. Examining five transverse sections taken along the length of the gonad resulted in a greater than 90% probability of detecting testicular oocytes when the severity index exceeded 0.5. Using the severity index we compared smallmouth bass collected at selected sites within the South Branch during three seasons in 2004. Seasonal differences in severity and prevalence were observed. The highest prevalence and severity were consistently noted during the prespawn-spawning season, when compared with the postspawn season. In 2005, smallmouth bass were collected at selected out-of-basin sites in West Virginia where fish kills and external skin lesions have not been reported, as well as at sites in the Shenandoah River, Virginia (part of the Potomac drainage), where kills and lesions occurred in 2004-2005. The prevalence of testicular oocytes is discussed in terms of human population and agricultural intensity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/H07-031.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., Iwanowicz, D.D., Smith, D.R., Young, J.A., Hedrick, J., Foster, S., and Reeser, S., 2007, Intersex (Testicular Oocytes) in smallmouth bass from the Potomac River and selected nearby drainages: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 19, no. 4, p. 242-253, https://doi.org/10.1577/H07-031.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.6893310546875,\n              38.052416771864834\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6893310546875,\n              39.8928799002948\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.080078125,\n              39.8928799002948\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.080078125,\n              38.052416771864834\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6893310546875,\n              38.052416771864834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da7e4b0c8380cd63722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.  0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":150383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R. ","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedrick, J.D.","contributorId":105511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foster, S.W.","contributorId":36753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reeser, S.J.","contributorId":9460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeser","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031776,"text":"70031776 - 2007 - Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed atlantic coastal stock of striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031776","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed atlantic coastal stock of striped bass","docAbstract":"Tag-based estimates of annual survival and fishing mortality rates supplement annual stock assessments of migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis in the interjurisdictional fishery along the Atlantic coast. We estimated a 17-year time series of annual survival and fishing mortality (F) rates for striped bass (>711 mm) tagged during winter trawl studies (1988-2004) off the coasts of North Carolina and Virginia. The geographic and temporal distributions of tag recoveries were consistent with published patterns of striped bass migration and indicated that this southern overwintering aggregate of striped bass is composed of mixed stocks. Incremental increases in bias-adjusted annual fishing mortality rates (from 0.00-0.26) and decreases in the proportion of fish released alive (from 0.762-0.198) coincided with periods of regulatory change during the 17-year time frame. Our estimates of F fall below the current management triggers and should be considered along with other estimates of F within the striped bass management process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-319.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., Smith, D., Laney, R., and Tipton, R., 2007, Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed atlantic coastal stock of striped bass: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 1, p. 34-42, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-319.1.","startPage":"34","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-319.1"}],"volume":"136","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3b7e4b08c986b31fe3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, S.A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":10191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laney, R.W.","contributorId":47651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laney","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tipton, R.C.","contributorId":50056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipton","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70197335,"text":"70197335 - 2006 - Contrasting cratonal provenances for upper Cretaceous Valle Group quartzite clasts, Baja California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T16:31:57","indexId":"70197335","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contrasting cratonal provenances for upper Cretaceous Valle Group quartzite clasts, Baja California","docAbstract":"<p>Late Cretaceous Valle Group forearcbasin deposits on the Vizcaino Peninsula of Baja California Sur are dominated by firstcycle arc-derived volcanic-plutonic detritus derived from the adjacent Peninsular Ranges batholith. Craton-derived quartzite clasts are a minor but ubiquitous component in Valle Group conglomerates. The source of these clasts has implications for tectonic reconstructions and sediment-dispersal paths along the paleo-North American margin. Three strongly contrasting types of quartzite are recognized based on petrology and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. The first type is ultramature quartz arenite with well-rounded, highly spherical zircon grains. Detrital zircon ages from this type are nearly all &gt;1.8 Ga with age distributions that closely match the distinctive Middle-Late Ordovician Peace River arch detrital signature of the Cordilleran margin. This type has been previously recognized from prebatholithic rocks in northeast Baja California (San Felipe quartzite). A second quartzite type is subarkosic sandstone with strong affinity to southwestern North America; important features of the age spectra are ~1.0-1.2 Ga, 1.42 and 1.66 Ga peaks representing cratonal basement, 500-300 Ma grains interpreted as recycled Appalachian-derived grains, and 284- 232 Ma zircon potentially derived from the Early Permian-Middle Triassic east Mexico arc. This quartzite type could have been carried to the continental margin during Jurassic time as outboard equivalents of Colorado Plateau eolianites. The third quartzite type is quartz pebble conglomerate with significant ~900- 1400 Ma and ~450-650 Ma zircon components, as well as mid- and late Paleozoic grains. The source of this type of quartzite is more problematic but could match either upper Paleozoic strata in the Oaxaca terrane of southern Mexico or a southwestern North America source. The similarity of detrital 98 zircon spectra in all three Valle Group quartzite types to rocks of the adjacent Cordilleran margin support previous interpretations that Valle Group forearc basin sediments were deposited in proximity to rocks on the mainland of northwest Mexico and southwestern United States. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Using stratigraphy, sedimentology, and geochemistry to unravel the geologic history of the southwestern Cordillera","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology, Pacific Section","usgsCitation":"Kimbrough, D., Abbott, G., Smith, D., Mahoney, J., Moore, T.E., and Gehrels, G.E., 2006, Contrasting cratonal provenances for upper Cretaceous Valle Group quartzite clasts, Baja California, chap. <i>of</i> Using stratigraphy, sedimentology, and geochemistry to unravel the geologic history of the southwestern Cordillera, v. 101, p. 97-101.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b157a1ce4b092d9651e1fa3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Girty, G.H.","contributorId":61076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"G.H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736721,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, John D.","contributorId":31380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25628,"text":"Geological Sciences, California State University Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736722,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrough, D.L.","contributorId":25332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, G.","contributorId":80879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.P.","contributorId":64911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahoney, J. B.","contributorId":70959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gehrels, G. E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":79240,"text":"ofr20061286 - 2006 - Application of municipal biosolids to dry-land wheat fields - A monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA). A presentation for an international conference: \"The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability\", August 7-9, 2006, Sacramento, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:34:22.987429","indexId":"ofr20061286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1286","title":"Application of municipal biosolids to dry-land wheat fields - A monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA). A presentation for an international conference: \"The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability\", August 7-9, 2006, Sacramento, CA","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colorado, has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of non-irrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colorado. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring ground water at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the chemical effects of biosolids applications. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study included biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock ground water, and stream bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water effects. This presentation will only address biosolids, soil, and crops. More information about these and the other monitoring components are presented in the literature (e.g., Yager and others, 2004a, b, c, d) and at the USGS Web site for the Deer Trail area studies at http://co.water.usgs.gov/projects/CO406/CO406.html. Priority parameters identified by the stakeholders for all monitoring components, included the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity, regulated by Colorado for biosolids to be used as an agricultural soil amendment. Nitrogen and chromium also were priority parameters for ground water and sediment components.\r\n\r\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of priority parameters (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, or (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied. Where sufficient samples could be collected, statistical methods were used to evaluate effects. Rigorous quality assurance was included in all aspects of the study. The roles of hydrology and geology also were considered in the design, data collection, and interpretation phases of the study.\r\n\r\nStudy results indicate that the chemistry of the biosolids from the Denver plant was consistent during 1999-2005, and total concentrations of regulated trace elements were consistently lower than the regulatory limits. Plutonium isotopes were not detected in the biosolids. Leach tests using deionized water to simulate natural precipitation indicate arsenic, molybdenum, and nickel were the most soluble priority parameters in the biosolids.\r\n\r\nStudy results show no significant difference in concentrations of priority parameters between biosolids-applied soils and unamended soils where no biosolids were applied. However, biosolids were applied only twice during 1999-2003. The next soil sampling is not scheduled until 2010. To date concentrations of most of the priority parameters were not much greater in the biosolids than in natural soil from the sites. Therefore, many more biosolids applications would need to occur before biosolids effects on the soil priority constituents can be quantified. Leach tests using deionized water to simulate precipitation indicate that molybdenum and selenium were the priority parameters that were most soluble in both biosolids-applied soil and natural or unamended soil.\r\n\r\nStudy results do not indicate significant differences in concentrations of priority parameters between crops grown in biosolids-applied areas and crops grown where no biosolids were applied. However, crops were grown only twice during 1999-2003, so only two crop samples could be collected. The wheat-grain elemental data collected during 1999-2003 for both biosolids-applied areas and unamended areas are similar","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061286","usgsCitation":"Crock, J.G., Smith, D., and Yager, T., 2006, Application of municipal biosolids to dry-land wheat fields - A monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA). A presentation for an international conference: \"The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability\", August 7-9, 2006, Sacramento, CA (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1286, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061286.","productDescription":"65 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-08-07","temporalEnd":"2006-08-09","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":78564,"text":"ofr20061216 - 2006 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey maps and data, East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, August 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T21:08:49.83055","indexId":"ofr20061216","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1216","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey maps and data, East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, August 2004","docAbstract":"This report is a data release for a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey that was conducted during August 2004 in a 275-square-kilometer area that includes the East Poplar oil field on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. The electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separate frequencies from about 400 hertz to about 140,000 hertz. The electromagnetic resistivity data were converted to six electrical conductivity grids, each representing different approximate depths of investigation. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. Areas of high conductivity in shallow aquifers in the East Poplar oil field area are being delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, in order to map areas of saline-water plumes. Ground electromagnetic methods were first used during the early 1990s to delineate more than 31 square kilometers of high conductivity saline-water plumes in a portion of the East Poplar oil field area. In the 10 years since the first delineation, the quality of water from some wells completed in the shallow aquifers in the East Poplar oil field changed markedly. The extent of saline-water plumes in 2004 likely differs from that delineated in the early 1990s. The geophysical and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey studies is being used by resource managers to develop ground-water resource plans for the area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061216","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Thamke, J., Cain, M.J., Tyrrell, C., and Hill, P.L., 2006, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey maps and data, East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, August 2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1216, Report: iv, 19 p.; Appendix, Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061216.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; Appendix, Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-08-01","temporalEnd":"2004-08-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1216/downloads/REPORTS/OF06-1216-Appendix_508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389615,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_77423.htm"},{"id":8478,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1216/downloads/GIS/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.2,\n              48.1219\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.0125,\n              48.1219\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.0125,\n              48.3025\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2,\n              48.3025\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2,\n              48.1219\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635dc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Michael J.","contributorId":66359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyrrell, Christa","contributorId":13704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyrrell","given":"Christa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001083,"text":"1001083 - 2006 - Extirpation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) following the invasion of dreissenid mussels in an interconnecting river of the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:06:38.303293","indexId":"1001083","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extirpation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) following the invasion of dreissenid mussels in an interconnecting river of the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previous (1992–1994) surveys for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) along main channels of the Detroit River showed that unionids had been extirpated from all but four sites in the upper reaches of the river due to impacts of dreissenid mussels (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Dreissena polymorpha</span></i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">D. bugensis</span></i><span>). These four sites were surveyed again in 1998 using the same sampling method (timed-random searches) to determine if they may serve as “refugia” where unionids and dreissenids co-exist. Two additional sites were sampled using additional methods (excavated-quadrat and line-transect searches) for comparison with unpublished data collected in 1987 and 1990. A total of four individuals of four species (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Actinonaias ligamentina</span></i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Cyclonaias tuberculata</span></i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Lasmigona complanata</span></i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Pleurobema sintoxia</span></i><span>) were found by timed-random searches at four sites in 1998 compared to 720 individuals of 24 species in 1992 and 39 individuals of 13 species in 1994. Excavated-quadrat and line-transect searches at the two additional sites yielded only one live specimen of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Ptychobranchus fasciolaris</span></i><span>&nbsp;compared to 288 individuals of 18 species in 1987 and 1990. Results of this study suggest that remaining densities of unionids in channels of the Detroit River are too low to support viable reproducing populations of any species. Therefore, we conclude that unionids have been extirpated from main channels of the Detroit River due to dreissenid infestation. As the Detroit River was one of the first water bodies in North America to be invaded by dreissenids, it is likely that unionids will also be extirpated from many other rivers and lakes across eastern North America over the next few decades. Resource agencies should be encouraged to implement active management programs to protect remaining unionid populations from zebra mussels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[307:EOFMBU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Metcalfe-Smith, J.L., Kovalak, W.P., Longton, G.D., and Smithee, R.D., 2006, Extirpation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) following the invasion of dreissenid mussels in an interconnecting river of the Laurentian Great Lakes: American Midland Naturalist, v. 155, no. 2, p. 307-320, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[307:EOFMBU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.93917557144205,\n              42.36486265488605\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.02386372199643,\n              42.36486265488605\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.02386372199643,\n              42.321294249119575\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.93917557144205,\n              42.321294249119575\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.93917557144205,\n              42.36486265488605\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"155","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metcalfe-Smith, Janice L.","contributorId":82267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe-Smith","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kovalak, William P.","contributorId":77479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovalak","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longton, Gary D.","contributorId":17199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longton","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smithee, Rick D.","contributorId":100807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithee","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028379,"text":"70028379 - 2006 - Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028379","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs","docAbstract":"As in John Godfrey Saxe's poem about six blind men and an elephant, conclusions drawn from a monitoring program depend critically on where and when observations are made. We examined results from the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) spawning survey to evaluate the effect of spatial and temporal coverage on conclusions about spawning activity. Declines due to previously unregulated harvest triggered an increase in monitoring. Although we detected no apparent trend in bay-wide spawning activity for 1999-2005, conclusions would have differed depending on where and when observations were made. For example, spawning activity in May during the shorebird stopover was a poor predictor of spawning activity over the whole season. Observations made only during peak spawning incorrectly suggested that spawning activity increased during 2001-2005. Trends at one place in the bay were not indicative of trends for the whole bay. Many natural resource issues begin like the blind men and the elephant with dispute partially caused by an incomplete picture of the resource. As sufficient time and funds are directed to gathering necessary data using effective sampling designs, a more complete picture can emerge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Michels, S., 2006, Seeing the elephant: Importance of spatial and temporal coverage in a large-scale volunteer-based program to monitor horseshoe crabs: Fisheries, v. 31, no. 10, p. 485-491, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"485","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[485:STE]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8acce4b08c986b3173b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michels, S.F.","contributorId":34867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michels","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030477,"text":"70030477 - 2006 - Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030477","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination","docAbstract":"Recent concern about negative effects on human health from elevated organochlorine and mercury concentrations in marine foods has highlighted the need to understand temporal and spatial patterns of marine pollution. Seabirds, long-lived pelagic predators with wide foraging ranges, can be used as indicators of regional contaminant patterns across large temporal and spatial scales. Here we evaluate contaminant levels, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, and satellite telemetry data from two sympatrically breeding North Pacific albatross species to demonstrate that (1) organochlorine and mercury contaminant levels are significantly higher in the California Current compared to levels in the high-latitude North Pacific and (2) levels of organochlorine contaminants in the North Paci.c are increasing over time. Black-footed Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) had 370-460% higher organochlorine (polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes [DDTs]) and mercury body burdens than a closely related species, the Laysan Albatross (P. immutabilis), primarily due to regional segregation of their North Pacific foraging areas. PCBs (the sum of the individual PCB congeners analyzed) and DDE concentrations in both albatross species were 130-360% higher than concentrations measured a decade ago. Our results demonstrate dramatically high and increasing contaminant concentrations in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, a finding relevant to other marine predators, including humans. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Finkelstein, M., Keitt, B., Croll, D., Tershy, B., Jarman, W.M., Rodriguez-Pastor, S., Anderson, D., Sievert, P., and Smith, D., 2006, Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 2, p. 678-686.","startPage":"678","endPage":"686","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e953e4b0c8380cd481e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelstein, M.","contributorId":103776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keitt, B.S.","contributorId":30440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keitt","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croll, D.A.","contributorId":28058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croll","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tershy, B.","contributorId":96898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tershy","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jarman, Walter M.","contributorId":21895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarman","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6950,"text":"U CA Santa Cruz Long Marine Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodriguez-Pastor, S.","contributorId":99371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Pastor","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, D.J.","contributorId":53598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028117,"text":"70028117 - 2006 - Survey design for detecting rare freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028117","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey design for detecting rare freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"A common objective when surveying freshwater mussels is to detect the presence of rare populations. In certain situations, such as when endangered or threatened species are potentially in the area of a proposed impact, the survey should be designed to ensure a high probability of detecting species presence. Linking survey design to probability of detecting species presence has been done for quantitative surveys, but commonly applied designs that are based on timed searches have not made that connection. I propose a semiquantitative survey design that links search area and search efficiency to probability of detecting species presence. The survey can be designed to protect against failing to detect populations above a threshold abundance (or density). I illustrate the design for surveys to detect clubshell (Pluerobema clava) and northern riffleshell (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) in the Allegheny River. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the proposed survey design performs well under a range of spatial distributions and low densities (<0.05 m2) where search area is sufficient to ensure that the probability of detecting species presence is predicted to be ???0.85. ?? 2006 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[701:SDFDRF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 2006, Survey design for detecting rare freshwater mussels: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 25, no. 3, p. 701-711, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[701:SDFDRF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"701","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[701:SDFDRF]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba288e4b08c986b31f791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030904,"text":"70030904 - 2006 - Trophic transfer of trace metals: Subcellular compartmentalization in a polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:02:07","indexId":"70030904","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic transfer of trace metals: Subcellular compartmentalization in a polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The chemical form of accumulated trace metal in prey is important in controlling the bioavailability of dietary metal to a predator. This study investigated the trophic transfer of radiolabelled Ag, Cd and Zn from the polychaete worm&nbsp;</span><i>Nereis diversicolor</i><span>&nbsp;to the decapod crustacean&nbsp;</span><i>Palaemonetes varians</i><span>. We used 2 populations of worms with different proportions of accumulated metals in different subcellular fractions as prey, and loaded the worms with radiolabelled metals either from sediment or from solution. Accumulated radiolabelled metals were fractionated into 5 components:metal-rich granules (MRG), cellular debris, organelles, metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP), and other (heat-sensitive) proteins (HSP). Assimilation efficiencies (AE) of the metals by&nbsp;</span><i>P. varians</i><span>&nbsp;were measured from the 4 categories of prey (i.e. 2 populations, radiolabelled from sediment or solution). There were significant differences for each metal between the AEs from the different prey categories, confirming that origin of prey and route of uptake of accumulated trace metal will cause intraspecific differences in subsequent metal assimilation. Correlations were sought between AEs and selected fractions or combinations of fractions of metals in the prey-MRG, Trophically Available Metal (TAM = MTLP + HSP + organelles) and total protein (MTLP + HSP). TAM explained 28% of the variance in AEs for Ag, but no consistent relationships emerged between AEs and TAM or total protein when the metals were considered separately. AEs did, however, show significant positive regressions with both TAM and total protein when the 3 metals were considered together, explaining only about 21% of the variance in each case. A significant negative relationship was observed between MRG and AE for all metals combined. The predator (</span><i>P. varians</i><span>) can assimilate dietary metal from a range of the fractions binding metals in the prey (</span><i>N. diversicolor</i><span>), with different assimilation efficiencies summated across these fractions. TAM and/or total protein may represent an approximate minimum for trophic availability but neither of these alone is a fully accurate predictor.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Int Res","doi":"10.3354/meps308091","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Rainbow, P., Poirier, L., Smith, B.D., Brix, K., and Luoma, S., 2006, Trophic transfer of trace metals: Subcellular compartmentalization in a polychaete and assimilation by a decapod crustacean: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 308, p. 91-100, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps308091.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps308091","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"308","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb890e4b08c986b327923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rainbow, P.S.","contributorId":46753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poirier, L.","contributorId":28053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poirier","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brix, K.V.","contributorId":99761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brix","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030657,"text":"70030657 - 2006 - The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T17:02:33.930028","indexId":"70030657","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era (0–65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from &gt;400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm ‘greenhouse’ world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder ‘icehouse’ world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent&nbsp;</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1–2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at&nbsp;</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/nature04800","usgsCitation":"Moran, K., Backman, J., Brinkhuis, H., Clemens, S., Cronin, T.M., Dickens, G., Eynaud, F., Gattacceca, J., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, R., Kaminski, M., King, J., Koc, N., Krylov, A., Martinez, N., Matthiessen, J., McInroy, D., Moore, T., Onodera, J., O’Regan, M., Palike, H., Rea, B., Rio, D., Sakamoto, T., Smith, D.C., Stein, R., St, J.K., Suto, I., Suzuki, N., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, M.E., Yamamoto, M., Farrell, J., Frank, M., Kubik, P., Jokat, W., and Kristoffersen, Y., 2006, The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean: Nature, v. 441, no. 7093, p. 601-605, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04800.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"605","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04800","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","volume":"441","issue":"7093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6c2e4b08c986b32127a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, K.","contributorId":96479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backman, J.","contributorId":49596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinkhuis, H.","contributorId":89719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemens, S.C.","contributorId":62825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dickens, G.R.","contributorId":88101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickens","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eynaud, F.","contributorId":42425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eynaud","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gattacceca, J.","contributorId":20545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gattacceca","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jakobsson, M.","contributorId":86970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jordan, R.W.","contributorId":42032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kaminski, M.","contributorId":19365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"King, J.","contributorId":100143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Koc, N.","contributorId":39190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koc","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Krylov, A.","contributorId":51538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krylov","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Martinez, N.","contributorId":70185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Matthiessen, J.","contributorId":37531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthiessen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McInroy, D.","contributorId":45897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McInroy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Moore, T.C.","contributorId":29964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Onodera, J.","contributorId":31572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onodera","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"O’Regan, M.","contributorId":38361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Regan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Palike, H.","contributorId":64021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palike","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Rea, B.","contributorId":94496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Rio, D.","contributorId":47092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rio","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sakamoto, T.","contributorId":31573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Smith, D. C. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":31057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Stein, R.","contributorId":18507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"St, John K.","contributorId":14194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Suto, I.","contributorId":12263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suto","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Suzuki, N.","contributorId":49179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suzuki","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Takahashi, K.","contributorId":10998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Watanabe, M. E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Yamamoto, M.","contributorId":60854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Farrell, J.","contributorId":83334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Kubik, P.","contributorId":92047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Jokat, W.","contributorId":59242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokat","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Kristoffersen, Y.","contributorId":29986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristoffersen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37}]}}
,{"id":70028293,"text":"70028293 - 2006 - Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028293","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk","docAbstract":"Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo's communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo's residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Diawara, D., Litt, J., Unis, D., Alfonso, N., Martinez, L., Crock, J., Smith, D.B., and Carsella, J., 2006, Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: Implications for population health risk: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 28, no. 4, p. 297-315, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6.","startPage":"297","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6"},{"id":237062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed98e4b0c8380cd498d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diawara, D.M.","contributorId":64439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diawara","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, J.S.","contributorId":46296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unis, D.","contributorId":23329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alfonso, N.","contributorId":77350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alfonso","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinez, L.A.","contributorId":38764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carsella, J.","contributorId":68529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carsella","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028475,"text":"70028475 - 2006 - Trophic transfer of trace metals from the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor to the polychaete N. virens and the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028475","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic transfer of trace metals from the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor to the polychaete N. virens and the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians","docAbstract":"Diet is an important exposure route for the uptake of trace metals by aquatic invertebrates, with trace metal trophic transfer depending on 2 stages - assimilation and subsequent accumulation by the predator. This study investigated the trophic transfer of trace metals from the sediment-dwelling polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor from metal-rich estuarine sediments in southwestern UK to 2 predators - another polychaete N. virens (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe) and the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Ag, As, Mn). N. virens showed net accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd from the prey; accumulation increased with increasing prey concentration, but a coefficient of trophic transfer decreased with increasing prey concentration, probably because a higher proportion of accumulated metal in the prey is bound in less trophically available (insoluble) detoxified forms. The trace metal accumulation patterns of P. varians apparently restricted significant net accumulation of metals from the diet of N. diversicolor to just Cd. There was significant mortality of the decapods fed on the diets of metal-rich worms. Metal-rich invertebrates that have accumulated metals from the rich historical store in the sediments of particular SW England estuaries can potentially pass these metals along food chains, with accumulation and total food chain transfer depending on the metal assimilation efficiencies and accumulation patterns of the animal at each trophic level. This trophic transfer may be significant enough to have ecotoxicological effects. ?? Inter-Research 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Rainbow, P., Poirier, L., Smith, B.D., Brix, K., and Luoma, S., 2006, Trophic transfer of trace metals from the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor to the polychaete N. virens and the decapod crustacean Palaemonetes varians: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 321, p. 167-181.","startPage":"167","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"321","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb88fe4b08c986b32791a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rainbow, P.S.","contributorId":46753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poirier, L.","contributorId":28053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poirier","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brix, K.V.","contributorId":99761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brix","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028062,"text":"70028062 - 2006 - Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T00:02:29.681845","indexId":"70028062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (<i>Limulus polylphemus</i>) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study","title":"Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study","docAbstract":"Estimates of the abundance of American horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are important to determine egg production and to manage populations for the energetic needs of shorebirds that feed on horseshoe crab eggs. In 2003, over 17,500 horseshoe crabs were tagged and released throughout Delaware Bay, and recaptured crabs came from spawning surveys that were conducted during peak spawning. We used two release cohorts to test for a temporary effect of tagging on spawning behavior and we adjusted the number of releases according to relocation rates from a telemetry study. The abundance estimate was 20 million horseshoe crabs (90% confidence interval: 13-28 million), of which 6.25 million (90% CI: 4.0-8.8 million) were females. The combined harvest rate for Delaware, New Jersey, Virginia, and Maryland in 2003 was 4% (90% CI: 3-6%) of the abundance estimate. Over-wintering of adults in Delaware Bay could explain, in part, differences in estimates from ocean-trawl surveys. Based on fecundity of 88,000 eggs per female, egg production was 5.5??1011 (90% CI: 3.5??1011, 7.7??1011), but egg availability for shorebirds also depended on overlap between horseshoe crab and shorebird migrations, density-dependent bioturbation, and wave-mediated vertical transport.","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Millard, M.J., and Eyler, S., 2006, Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study: Fishery Bulletin, v. 104, no. 3, p. 456-464.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267987,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/abundance-adult-horseshoe-crabs-limulus-polylphemus-delaware-bay-estimated-bay-wide-mark"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.6134033203125,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849853515625,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849853515625,\n              39.53370327008705\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6134033203125,\n              39.53370327008705\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6134033203125,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e65de4b0c8380cd4737e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millard, M. J.","contributorId":40555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eyler, S.","contributorId":7487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyler","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028879,"text":"70028879 - 2006 - Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028879","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","docAbstract":"The abundance of horseshoe crab eggs in the swash zone and remaining on the beach after tide levels fall was evaluated to identify how numbers of eggs available to shorebirds differ with fluctuations in spawning numbers of horseshoe crabs, wave energies and beach elevation changes. Field data were gathered 1-6 June 2004 at Slaughter Beach on the west side of Delaware Bay, USA. Counts of spawning crabs and process data from a pressure transducer and an anemometer and wind vane were related to number of eggs, embryos and larvae taken at depth and on the surface of the foreshore and in the active swash zone using a streamer trap. Beach elevation changes and depths of sediment activation were used to determine the potential for buried eggs to be exhumed by waves and swash. Mean significant wave heights during high water levels ranged from 0.08 to 0.40 m. Spawning counts were low (50-140 females km-1) when wave heights were low; no spawning occurred when wave heights were high. Vegetative litter (wrack) on the beach provides local traps for eggs, making more eggs available for shorebirds. Accumulation of litter on days when wave energy is low increases the probability that eggs will remain on the surface. High wave energies transport more eggs in the swash, but these eggs are dispersed or buried, and fewer eggs remain on the beach. Peaks in the number of eggs in the swash uprush occur during tidal rise and around time of high tide. The number of eggs in transport decreases during falling tide. Many more eggs move in the active swash zone than are found on the beach after water level falls, increasing the efficiency of bird foraging in the swash. Greater numbers of eggs in the swash during rising tide than falling tide and fewer eggs at lower elevations on the beach, imply that foraging becomes less productive as the tide falls and may help account for the tendency of shorebirds to feed on rising tides rather than on falling or low tides on days when no spawning occurs. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, K., Jackson, N., Smith, D., and Weber, R., 2006, Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 70, no. 3, p. 438-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027.","startPage":"438","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027"},{"id":236308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb751e4b08c986b3271bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}