{"pageNumber":"22","pageRowStart":"525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":687,"records":[{"id":70022687,"text":"70022687 - 2000 - Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T17:57:44.219404","indexId":"70022687","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5718,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","onlineIssn":"2169-9100","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument collected 4.8×10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;spectra of Mars during the initial aerobraking and science‐phasing periods of the mission (September 14, 1997, through April 29, 1998). Two previously developed atmosphere‐removal models were applied to data from Cimmeria Terra (25°S, 213°W). The surface spectra derived for these two models agree well, indicating that the surface and atmosphere emission can be separated and that the exact atmosphere‐removal model used has little effect on the derived surface composition. The Cimmeria spectra do not match terrestrial high‐silica igneous rocks (granite and rhyolite), ultramafic igneous rocks, limestone, or quartz‐ and clay‐rich sandstone and siltstone. A particulate (sand‐sized) sample of terrestrial flood basalt does provide an excellent match in both spectral shape and band depth to the Cimmeria spectrum over the entire TES spectral range. No unusual particle size effects are required to account for the observed spectral shape and depth. The implied grain size is consistent with the thermal inertia and albedo of this region, which indicate a sand‐sized surface with little dust. The identification of basalt is consistent with previous indications of pyroxene and basalt‐like compositions from visible/near‐infrared and thermal‐infrared spectral measurements. A linear spectral deconvolution model was applied to both surface‐only Cimmeria spectra using a library of 60 minerals to determine the composition and abundance of the component minerals. Plagioclase feldspar (45%; 53%) and clinopyroxene (26%; 19%) were positively identified above an estimated detection threshold of 10–15% for these minerals. The TES observations provide the first identification of feldspars on Mars. The best fit to the Mars data includes only clinopyroxene compositions; no orthopyroxene compositions are required to match the Cimmeria spectra. Olivine (12%; 12%) and sheet silicate (15%; 11%) were identified with lower confidence. Carbonates, quartz, and sulfates were not identified in Cimmeria at detection limits of ∼5, 5, and 10%, respectively. Their presence elsewhere, however, remains open. The Cimmeria spectra are not well matched by any one SNC meteorite spectrum, indicating that this region is not characterized by a single SNC lithology. The occurrence of unweathered feldspar and pyroxene in Cimmeria, together with the inferred presence of pyroxene and unweathered basalts in other dark regions and at the Viking and Pathfinder landing sites, provides evidence that extensive global chemical weathering of materials currently exposed on the Martian surface has not occurred.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001127","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J., Smith, M.D., Hamilton, V., and Clark, R.N., 2000, Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, v. 105, no. E4, p. 9609-9621, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001127.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9609","endPage":"9621","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"105","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a381de4b0c8380cd61445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, V.E.","contributorId":92024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022545,"text":"70022545 - 2000 - Environmental geochemistry at the global scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T14:25:49.894152","indexId":"70022545","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geochemistry at the global scale","docAbstract":"Land degradation and pollution caused by population pressure and economic development pose a threat to the sustainability of the Earth's surface, especially in tropical regions where a long history of chemical weathering has made the surface environment particularly fragile. Systematic baseline geochemical data provide a means of monitoring the state of the environment and identifying problem areas. Regional surveys have already been carried out in some countries, and with increased national and international funding they can be extended to cover the rest of the land surface of the globe. Preparations have been made, under the auspices of the IUGS, for the establishment of just such an integrated global database.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/jgs.157.4.837","usgsCitation":"Plant, J., Smith, D., Smith, B., and Williams, L., 2000, Environmental geochemistry at the global scale: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 157, no. 4, p. 837-849, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.4.837.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"849","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/19087/1/GeoscienceAbst.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c5e4b0c8380cd52062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, J.","contributorId":7445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.","contributorId":60978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B.","contributorId":53740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, L.","contributorId":9421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014073,"text":"1014073 - 2000 - Evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:09","indexId":"1014073","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"00-084/AE","usgsCitation":"Lemarie, D.P., Smith, D., Villella, R., and Weller, D., 2000, Evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae): Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 19, no. 1, p. 247-250.","productDescription":"p. 247-250","startPage":"247","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemarie, D. P.","contributorId":23100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":319731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villella, R.F.","contributorId":53323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villella","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weller, D.A.","contributorId":25893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014981,"text":"1014981 - 2000 - Bias survival estimates from tag-recovery models where catch-and-release is common, with an example from Atlantic striped bass (Morone saxatilis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:20","indexId":"1014981","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bias survival estimates from tag-recovery models where catch-and-release is common, with an example from Atlantic striped bass (Morone saxatilis)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"00-021/AE","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Burnham, K., Kahn, D., He, X., Goshorn, C., Hattala, K., and Kahnle, A., 2000, Bias survival estimates from tag-recovery models where catch-and-release is common, with an example from Atlantic striped bass (Morone saxatilis): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 5, p. 886-897.","productDescription":"p. 886-897","startPage":"886","endPage":"897","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62ad71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kahn, D.M.","contributorId":11558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahn","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, X.","contributorId":85540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goshorn, C.J.","contributorId":36503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goshorn","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hattala, K.A.","contributorId":88690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattala","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kahnle, A.W.","contributorId":44496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahnle","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1014985,"text":"1014985 - 2000 - Hemlock stands contribute significantly to aquatic biodiversity Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:17","indexId":"1014985","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1416,"text":"ESP Newsletter; The News Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Pennsylvania","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hemlock stands contribute significantly to aquatic biodiversity Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ESP Newsletter; The News Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Pennsylvania","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"00-050/AE","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., Young, J., Lemarie, D., Smith, D., Ross, R., and Bennett, R., 2000, Hemlock stands contribute significantly to aquatic biodiversity Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: ESP Newsletter; The News Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Pennsylvania, v. 35, no. 1, p. i-ii.","productDescription":"p. i-ii","startPage":"i","endPage":"ii","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemarie, D.","contributorId":62538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, R.","contributorId":8410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, R.","contributorId":59374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022929,"text":"70022929 - 2000 - The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:21:34","indexId":"70022929","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration","docAbstract":"<p><span>As the planet's principal cold traps, the martian polar regions have accumulated extensive mantles of ice and dust that cover individual areas of ∼10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and total as much as 3–4 km thick. From the scarcity of superposed craters on their surface, these layered deposits are thought to be comparatively young—preserving a record of the seasonal and climatic cycling of atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, and dust over the past ∼10</span><sup>5</sup><span>–10</span><sup>8</sup><span>&nbsp;years. For this reason, the martian polar deposits may serve as a Rosetta Stone for understanding the geologic and climatic history of the planet—documenting variations in insolation (due to quasiperiodic oscillations in the planet's obliquity and orbital elements), volatile mass balance, atmospheric composition, dust storm activity, volcanic eruptions, large impacts, catastrophic floods, solar luminosity, supernovae, and perhaps even a record of microbial life. Beyond their scientific value, the polar regions may soon prove important for another reason—providing a valuable and accessible reservoir of water to support the long-term human exploration of Mars. In this paper we assess the current state of Mars polar research, identify the key questions that motivate the exploration of the polar regions, discuss the extent to which current missions will address these questions, and speculate about what additional capabilities and investigations may be required to address the issues that remain outstanding.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6290","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Clifford, S., Crisp, D., Fisher, D., Herkenhoff, K.E., Smrekar, S., Thomas, P., Wynn-Williams, D.D., Zurek, R., Barnes, J., Bills, B., Blake, E., Calvin, W.M., Cameron, J., Carr, M.H., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Clow, G., Cutts, J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Durham, W., Fanale, F.P., Farmer, J., Forget, F., Gotto-Azuma, K., Grard, R., Haberle, R., Harrison, W., Harvey, R., Howard, A., Ingersoll, A., James, P., Kargel, J., Kieffer, H.H., Larsen, J., Lepper, K., Malin, M.C., McCleese, D.J., Murray, B., Nye, J., Paige, D.A., Platt, S., Plaut, J., Reeh, N., Rice, J., Smith, D., Stoker, C.R., Tanaka, K.L., Mosley-Thompson, E., Thorsteinsson, T., Wood, S., Zent, A., Zuber, M., and Zwally, H., 2000, The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration: Icarus, v. 144, no. 2, p. 210-242, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6290.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba90de4b08c986b322008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifford, S.M.","contributorId":68509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crisp, D.","contributorId":25718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crisp","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, D.A.","contributorId":8653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smrekar, S.E.","contributorId":43090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smrekar","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, P.C.","contributorId":32690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wynn-Williams, D. 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A.","contributorId":7881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paige","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Platt, S.R.","contributorId":105485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Plaut, J.J.","contributorId":6982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaut","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Reeh, N.","contributorId":56833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeh","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Rice, J.W.","contributorId":103046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44},{"text":"Smith, D.E.","contributorId":44109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":45},{"text":"Stoker, C. 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L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":47},{"text":"Mosley-Thompson, E.","contributorId":93650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosley-Thompson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":48},{"text":"Thorsteinsson, T.","contributorId":81285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinsson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":49},{"text":"Wood, S.E.","contributorId":57242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":50},{"text":"Zent, A.","contributorId":17016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zent","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Zuber, M.T.","contributorId":13359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuber","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":52},{"text":"Zwally, H.J.","contributorId":33847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwally","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53}]}}
,{"id":23564,"text":"ofr99348 - 1999 - Analytical results and conceptual model of mine drainage at the Holden Mine, Chelan County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr99348","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-348","title":"Analytical results and conceptual model of mine drainage at the Holden Mine, Chelan County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99348","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kilburn, J., Smith, D.B., and Sutley, S.J., 1999, Analytical results and conceptual model of mine drainage at the Holden Mine, Chelan County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-348, ii, 36 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99348.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0348/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52854,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006976,"text":"70006976 - 1999 - Influence of temperature and substrate on infection rate, triactinomyxon production, and release duration from eastern tubifex worms infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T13:55:19","indexId":"70006976","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T13:47:33","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Influence of temperature and substrate on infection rate, triactinomyxon production, and release duration from eastern tubifex worms infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Salmonid whirling disease is caused by <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, a metazoan parasite with a two host life cycle involving salmonid fish a an aquatic oligochaete, <i>Tubifex tubifex</i> (Wolf, Markiw and Hiltunen, 1986).  Whirling disease has been reported in 22 U.S. states with the greatest losses occurring in the salmonid fisheries of western and Midwestern states.  Although whirling disease is endemic in the eastern United States, serious documented losses to wild populations have not been reported.  Two high priority research needs identified in 1996 were a better understanding of how worm and parasite populations might differ from different geographic areas and how environmental factors affect the various stages of whirling disease.  To begin to address these research needs we established \"eastern\" populations of worms, parasite and fish hosts.  This abstract will present data on the effects of temperature and substrate upon eastern <i>T. tubifex</i> worms infected with an eastern isolate of <i>M. cerebralis</i>.  The influences of these abiotic factors upon the ability to infect the worms and subsequently their ability to produce waterborne triactinomyxons.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"5th Annual Whirling Disease Symposium: Research and Management Perspectives","conferenceLocation":"Missoula, Montana","language":"English","publisher":"Whirling Disease Foundation","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, T., Blazer, V., Smith, D., Schill, B., and Densmore, C., 1999, Influence of temperature and substrate on infection rate, triactinomyxon production, and release duration from eastern tubifex worms infected with <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, p. 251-255.","productDescription":"p. 251-255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f2e4b07b8813a554cc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schill, B.","contributorId":17576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldrop, T.","contributorId":113654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":6799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, Thomas","contributorId":56977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":102880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schill, Bane","contributorId":49453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"Bane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Densmore, Christine","contributorId":29312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006975,"text":"70006975 - 1999 - Preliminary effects of water hardness on triactinomyxon production and development from eastern tubifex worms infected with Myxobolus cerebralis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T12:37:08","indexId":"70006975","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T12:04:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Preliminary effects of water hardness on triactinomyxon production and development from eastern tubifex worms infected with Myxobolus cerebralis","docAbstract":"<p>Whirling disease is caused by <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i> and requires an intermediate oligochaete host identified as <i>Tubifex tubifex</i> (Wolf, Markiw, and Hiltunen, 1986).  <i>M. cerebralis</i> spores ingested by the tubifex worms develop into triactinomyxons (tams) that are eventually released into the water column to infect salmonid fish.  There may be many environmental parameters, biotic or abiotic, that may affect the development of waterborne tams in eastern tubifex worms.  This study will focus on one of those environmental parameters, total water hardness.  Total water hardness is defined as the concentration of calcium and magnesium in a water sample expressed in milligrams per liter of equivalent CACO<sub>3</sub> (Boyd, 1990).  This study will address whether different levels of water hardness affect the development and production of tams released by infected tubifex worms.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"5th Annual Whirling Disease Symposium: Research and Management Perspectives","conferenceLocation":"Missoula, Montana","language":"English","publisher":"Whirling Disease Foundation","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, T.B., Densmore, C., Blazer, V., Smith, D., and Schill, B., 1999, Preliminary effects of water hardness on triactinomyxon production and development from eastern tubifex worms infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, p. 249-250.","productDescription":"p. 249-250","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f8e4b07b8813a554f6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schill, B.","contributorId":17576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldrop, T.","contributorId":113654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":6799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508413,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, Thomas B.","contributorId":11513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine","contributorId":29312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":102880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Dave","contributorId":84667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schill, Bane","contributorId":49453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"Bane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021372,"text":"70021372 - 1999 - The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T18:04:21.410611","indexId":"70021372","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (<i>Spartina alterniflora</i> loisel.)","title":"The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Burning has been employed as an oil spill remediation technique in coastal marshes, even though the combined and interactive effects of oil and burning on vegetation are poorly understood. Variation among clones of perennial marsh grasses in response to these perturbations is not known. We performed a greenhouse experiment designed to assess the effects of Venezuelan crude oil alone and of oil followed by burning on three clonal genets of</span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span>. The fully-crossed 6-mo experiment involved five dosages of oil (0 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, 4 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, 8 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, 16 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, and 24 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>) and two burn treatments (burned or unburned) applied to ramets from three clones. All oil-only dosages reduced survival, but burning after oiling (oil + burn treatments) increased survival relative to oil-only groups in all except the highest two oil dosages. Higher oil-only treatments also reduced ramet densities and inhibited density increases over 6 mo. Burning after treatment with the 16 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;oil concentration allowed increased production of new ramets, but burning exacerbated the negative impacts on ramet density at the oil concentration of 24 l m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. At some intermediate oil dosages, burning remediated the negative effects of oil on aboveground biomass production and growth in height. There was a significant effect of oil-only treatments on numbers of flowering ramets produced, in which two clones responded with decreased flower production and one exhibited increased flowering. There was no main effect of oil + burn on flowering. There were significant among-clones differences in all response variables to one or both treatments. Our experiment demonstrates that burning of oiled</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;marshes may have little measurable effect at low levels of Venezuelan crude oil, can remediate the effects of oil at intermediate oil concentrations, but can increase the negative impacts at high concentrations of oil. These results indicate that oil spills have the potential to adversely affect genetic diversity in</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;populations by eliminating some sensitive clonal variants or changing the relative dominance of genets. These results suggest certain clones may be better suited for phytoremediation or restoration planting following oil spills.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353049","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Proffitt, C., 1999, The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.): Estuaries, v. 22, no. 3A, p. 616-623, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353049.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"616","endPage":"623","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu Lake Estuary, Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge, Sabine Prairie National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      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,{"id":1014817,"text":"1014817 - 1999 - Potential effects of pathogen-induced hemlock forest decline on aquatic biodiversity in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-05T10:46:07","indexId":"1014817","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2581,"text":"Keystone Surveyor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of pathogen-induced hemlock forest decline on aquatic biodiversity in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Keystone Surveyor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"99-112/AE/NF","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., Young, J., Lemarie, D., Smith, D., Ross, R., and Bennett, R., 1999, Potential effects of pathogen-induced hemlock forest decline on aquatic biodiversity in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: Keystone Surveyor, no. Summer/Fall, p. 6-7.","productDescription":"p. 6-7","startPage":"6","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Summer/Fall","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6838a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemarie, D.","contributorId":62538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, R.","contributorId":8410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, R.","contributorId":59374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":95394,"text":"95394 - 1999 - Influence of eastern hemlock on aquatic biodiversity in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"95394","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Influence of eastern hemlock on aquatic biodiversity in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Kearneysville, WV","collaboration":"99-087/AE/NF","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., Young, J., Smith, D., Lemarie, D., Ross, R., and Bennett, R., 1999, Influence of eastern hemlock on aquatic biodiversity in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671eb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.","contributorId":78673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.","contributorId":85112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.","contributorId":60978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lemarie, D.","contributorId":62538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, R.","contributorId":8410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, R.","contributorId":59374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70020968,"text":"70020968 - 1999 - Petrology and geochemistry of late-stage intrusions of the A-type, mid-Proterozoic Pikes Peak batholith (Central Colorado, USA): Implications for petrogenetic models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70020968","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and geochemistry of late-stage intrusions of the A-type, mid-Proterozoic Pikes Peak batholith (Central Colorado, USA): Implications for petrogenetic models","docAbstract":"The ~1.08 Ga anorogenic, A-type Pikes Peak batholith (Front Range, central Colorado) is dominated by coarse-grained, biotite ?? amphibole syenogranites and minor monzogranites, collectively referred to as Pikes Peak granite (PPG). The batholith is also host to numerous small, late-stage plutons that have been subdivided into two groups (e.g. Wobus, 1976. Studies in Colorado Field Geology, Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, Colorado): (1) a sodic series (SiO2= ~44-78 wt%; K/Na=0.32-1.36) composed of gabbro, diabase, syenite/quartz syenite and fayalite and sodic amphibole granite; and (2) a potassic series (SiO2= ~ 70-77 wt%; K/Na=0.95-2.05), composed of biotite granite and minor quartz monzonite. Differences in major and trace element and Nd isotopic characteristics for the two series indicate different petrogenetic histories. Potassic granites of the late-stage intrusions appear to represent crustal anatectic melts derived from tonalite sources, based on comparison of their major element compositions with experimental melt products. In addition, Nd isotopic characteristics of the potassic granites [??(Nd)(1.08 Ga) = -0.2 to -2.7] overlap with those for tonalites/granodiorites [ca 1.7 Ga Boulder Creek intrusions; ??(Nd)(1.08 Ga) = -2.4 to -3.6] exposed in the region. Some of the partial melts evolved by fractionation dominated by feldspar. The late-stage potassic granites share geochemical characteristics with most of the PPG, which is also interpreted to have an anatectic origin involving tonalitic crust. The origin of monzogranites associated with the PPG remains unclear, but mixing between granitic and mafic or intermediate magmas is a possibility. Syenites and granites of the sodic series cannot be explained as crustal melts, but are interpreted as fractionation products of mantle-derived mafic magmas with minor crustal input. High temperature and low oxygen fugacity estimates (e.g. Frost et al., 1988. American Mineralogist 73, 727-740) support a basalt fractionation origin, as do ??(Nd) values for sodic granitoids [??(Nd)(1.08 Ga) = +2.2 to -0.7], which are higher than ??(Nd) values for Colorado crust at 1.08 Ga (ca -1.0 to -4.0). Enrichments in incompatible elements (e.g. rare earth elements, Rb, Y) and depletions in compatible elements (e.g. Cr, Sr, Ba) in the sodic granitoids compared to coeval mafic rocks are also consistent with fractionation. Accessory mineral fractionation, release of fluorine-rich volatiles and/or removal of pegmatitic fluids could have modified abundances of Ce, Nb, Zr and Y in some sodic granitoid magmas. Gabbros and mafic dikes associated with the sodic granitoids have ??(Nd)(1.08 Ga) of -3.0 to +3.5, which are lower than depleted mantle at 1.08 Ga, and their trace element characteristics suggest derivation from mantle sources that were previously affected by subduction-related processes. However, it is difficult to characterize the mantle component in these magmas, because assimilation of crust during magma ascent could also result in their observed geochemical features. The Pikes Peak batholith is composed of at least two petrogenetically different granite types, both of which exhibit geochemical characteristics typical of A-type granites. Models proposed for the petrogenesis of the granitoids imply the existence of mafic rocks at depth and addition of juvenile material to the crust in central Colorado at ~ 1.1 Ga.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00049-2","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Noblett, J., Wobus, R.A., Unruh, D., Douglass, J., Beane, R., Davis, C., Goldman, S., Kay, G., Gustavson, B., Saltoun, B., and Stewart, J., 1999, Petrology and geochemistry of late-stage intrusions of the A-type, mid-Proterozoic Pikes Peak batholith (Central Colorado, USA): Implications for petrogenetic models: Precambrian Research, v. 98, no. 3-4, p. 271-305, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00049-2.","startPage":"271","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00049-2"},{"id":229803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a781ce4b0c8380cd78636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. 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A.","contributorId":70745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wobus","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unruh, D.","contributorId":89291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglass, J.","contributorId":51937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglass","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beane, R.","contributorId":18129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beane","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davis, C.","contributorId":94453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldman, S.","contributorId":68481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kay, G.","contributorId":13394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gustavson, B.","contributorId":47112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustavson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Saltoun, B.","contributorId":46248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltoun","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stewart, J.","contributorId":17787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":54761,"text":"wdrNC981 - 1999 - Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1998. Volume 1. Surface-water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T23:22:17.622128","indexId":"wdrNC981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NC-98-1","title":"Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1998. Volume 1. Surface-water records","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNC981","usgsCitation":"Ragland, B., Smith, D., Barker, R., and Robinson, J.B., 1999, Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1998. Volume 1. 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,{"id":25541,"text":"wri984170 - 1998 - Geomorphology, flood-plain tailings, and metal transport in the upper Clark Fork Valley, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T06:29:09","indexId":"wri984170","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4170","title":"Geomorphology, flood-plain tailings, and metal transport in the upper Clark Fork Valley, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984170","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.D., Lambing, J., Nimick, D., Parrett, C., Ramey, M., and Schafer, W., 1998, Geomorphology, flood-plain tailings, and metal transport in the upper Clark Fork Valley, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4170, vi, 56 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984170.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4170/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.94946289062499,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.412353515625,\n              45.359865333959746\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.654296875,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.94946289062499,\n              48.545705491847464\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.94946289062499,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. Dungan","contributorId":44961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dungan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramey, Michael","contributorId":83163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schafer, William","contributorId":28633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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,{"id":21796,"text":"ofr98201 - 1998 - Geochemical baselines for surface waters and stream sediments and processes controlling element mobility, Rough and Ready Creek and Oregon Caves National Monument and vicinity, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr98201","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-201","title":"Geochemical baselines for surface waters and stream sediments and processes controlling element mobility, Rough and Ready Creek and Oregon Caves National Monument and vicinity, southwestern Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98201","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Smith, D.B., Meier, A.L., Briggs, P., Theodorakos, P.M., Sanzolone, R.F., and Vaughn, R.B., 1998, Geochemical baselines for surface waters and stream sediments and processes controlling element mobility, Rough and Ready Creek and Oregon Caves National Monument and vicinity, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-201, 29 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98201.","productDescription":"29 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0201/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51289,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Theodorakos, P. M.","contributorId":12500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vaughn, R. B.","contributorId":27043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1014927,"text":"1014927 - 1998 - Limits of retrospective power analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-13T17:04:31.895354","indexId":"1014927","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limits of retrospective power analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Power analysis after study completion has been suggested to interpret study results. We present 3 methods of estimating power and discuss their limitations. We use simulation studies to show that estimated power can be biased, extremely variable, and severely bounded. We endorse the practice of computing power to detect a biologically meaningful difference as a tool for study planning but suggest that calculation of confidence intervals on the parameter of interest is the appropriate way to gauge the strength and biological meaning of study results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802357","usgsCitation":"Gerard, P., Smith, D.R., and Weerakkody, G., 1998, Limits of retrospective power analysis: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 2, p. 801-807, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802357.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"807","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130916,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a527f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerard, Patrick D.","contributorId":140181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerard","given":"Patrick D.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":321557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weerakkody, Govinda","contributorId":100800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weerakkody","given":"Govinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021061,"text":"70021061 - 1998 - Results from the Mars global surveyor thermal emission spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021061","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results from the Mars global surveyor thermal emission spectrometer","docAbstract":"The Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra of low albedo surface materials suggests that a four to one mixture of pyroxene to plagioclase, together with about a 35 percent dust component provides the best fit to the spectrum. Qualitative upper limits can be placed on the concentration of carbonates (<10 percent), olivine (<10 percent), clay minerals (<20 percent), and quartz (<5 percent) in the limited regions observed. Limb observations in the northern hemisphere reveal low-lying dust hazes and detached water-ice clouds at altitudes up to 55 kilometers. At an aerocentric longitude of 224??a major dust storm developed in the Noachis Terra region. The south polar cap retreat was similar to that observed by Viking.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.279.5357.1692","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Anderson, D., Chase, S., Clancy, R., Clark, R.N., Conrath, B., Kieffer, H.H., Kuzmin, R., Malin, M.C., Pearl, J., Roush, T.L., and Smith, M.D., 1998, Results from the Mars global surveyor thermal emission spectrometer: Science, v. 279, no. 5357, p. 1692-1696, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5357.1692.","startPage":"1692","endPage":"1696","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206497,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5357.1692"}],"volume":"279","issue":"5357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaffe4b0c8380cd8662d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D.L.","contributorId":68713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, S.C.","contributorId":29981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clancy, R.T.","contributorId":61595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clancy","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conrath, B.J.","contributorId":34286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrath","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70021108,"text":"70021108 - 1998 - Electrogeochemical sampling with NEOCHIM - results of tests over buried gold deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021108","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrogeochemical sampling with NEOCHIM - results of tests over buried gold deposits","docAbstract":"Electrogeochemical extraction methods are based on the migration of ions in an electric field. Ions present in soil moisture are transported by an applied current into fluids contained in special electrodes placed on the soil. The fluids are then collected and analyzed. Extractions are governed by Faraday's and Ohm's laws and are modeled by the operation of a simple Hittord transference apparatus. Calculations show that the volume of soil sampled in an ideal electrogeochemical extraction can be orders of magnitude greater than the volumes used in more popular geochemical extraction methods, although this has not been verified experimentally. CHIM is a method of in-situ electrogeochemical extraction that was developed in the former Soviet Union and has been tested and applied internationally to exploration for buried mineral deposits. Tests carried out at the US Geological Survey (USGS) indicated that there were problems inherent in the use of CHIM technology. The cause of the problems was determined to be the diffusion of acid from the conventional electrode into the soil. The NEOCHIM electrode incorporates two compartments and a salt bridge in a design that inhibits diffusion of acid and enables the collection of anions or cations. Tests over a gold-enriched vein in Colorado and over buried, Carlin-type, disseminated gold deposits in northern Nevada show that there are similarities and differences between NEOCHIM results and those by partial extractions of soils which include simple extractions with water, dilute acids and solutions of salts used as collector fluids in the electrodes. Results of both differ from the results obtained by total chemical digestion. The results indicate that NEOCHIM responds to mineralized faults associated with disseminated gold deposits whereas partial and total chemical extraction methods do not. This suggests that faults are favored channels for the upward migration of metals and that NEOCHIM may be more effective in exploration for the deposits. It defines anomalies that are often narrow and intense, an observation previously made by CHIM researchers. The field tests show that NEOCHIM is less affected by surface contamination. A test over the Mike disseminated gold deposit indicates that the method may not be effective for locating deposits with impermeable cover. Faradaic extraction efficiencies of 20-30%, or more, are frequently achieved with NEOCHIM and the method generally shows good reproducibility, especially in extraction of major cations. However, ions of other metals that are useful in exploration, including Au and As, may be collected in low and temporally variable concentrations. The reason for this variability is unclear and requires further investigation.CHIM is a method of in-situ electrogeochemical extraction developed for the exploration of buried mineral deposits. However, electrode problems like diffusion of acid into the soil were encountered during the use of CHIM. The NEOCHIM electrode was developed to inhibit the diffusion of acid and enable collection of anions or cations. Tests over buried gold deposits showed that NEOCHIM responds to mineralized faults associated with disseminated gold deposits whereas partial and total chemical extraction methods do not. This suggests that faults are favored channels for the upward migration of metals and NEOCHIM may be effective in exploration for the deposits. But ions of metals may be collected in low and variable concentration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(97)00038-1","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Leinz, R.W., Hoover, D., Fey, D., Smith, D.B., and Patterson, T., 1998, Electrogeochemical sampling with NEOCHIM - results of tests over buried gold deposits: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 61, no. 1-3, p. 57-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(97)00038-1.","startPage":"57","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206531,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(97)00038-1"},{"id":230136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a2e4b0c8380cd51bda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leinz, R. W.","contributorId":89885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoover, D.B.","contributorId":37734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, T.","contributorId":40858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000669,"text":"1000669 - 1998 - Impact of zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) on freshwater unionids (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Detroit River of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:55:45.222356","indexId":"1000669","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) on freshwater unionids (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Detroit River of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>To assess the impact of zebra and quagga mussel (</span><i>Dreissena</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) infestation on unionids, unionids (Bivalvia: Unionidae) were sampled in the Detroit River in 1982–1983, before mussels invaded the river, and in 1992 and 1994, after mussels invaded the river. Live unionids at four stations along the southeastern shore accounted for 97% (20 species) of all shells collected in 1982–1983, whereas live unionids accounted for only 10% (13 species) in 1992. A similar decline in live unionids occurred at nine stations along the northwestern shore, except the decline occurred over the three sampling periods: in 1982–83, 84% (22 species) were live; in 1992, 65% (26 species) were live; and, in 1994, only 3% (13 species) were live. The difference in time to near-total mortality of unionids along the southeastern and northwestern shores is attributed to differences in the time of invasion and abundance of zebra mussel veligers in distinct water masses emanating from Lake St. Clair located immediately upstream of the Detroit River. Although individuals of all species of all unionid subfamilies declined between 1982 and 1992/1994, members of the subfamilies Anodontinae and Lampsilinae declined more than Ambleminae. Between 1986 and 1992/1994, five Anodontinae, three Lampsilinae and 0 Ambleminae species have been extirpated from the river due to dreissenid mussel infestation. Numbers of individuals of commonly found species declined more than numbers of individuals of uncommonly found species. However, the number of uncommon species declined 47% (17 to 9) along both the southeastern and northwestern shores, whereas common species remained the same (3 species) along the southeastern shore and declined only 40% (5 to 3 species) along the northwestern shore. This study, and others, suggest that high mortality of unionids can occur between 4 and 6 yr after initial invasion by dreissenids or up to 8 yr depending on water current patterns. Infestation-induced mortality of unionids in the Detroit River is similar to that observed at a few locations in other rivers, but is higher over a larger area than that measured in other rivers to date, probably because the Detroit River was the first to be colonized by dreissenid mussels in North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0299:IOZAQM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Kovalak, W., Longton, G., Ohnesorg, K.L., and Smithee, R., 1998, Impact of zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) on freshwater unionids (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Detroit River of the Great Lakes: American Midland Naturalist, v. 140, no. 2, p. 299-313, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0299:IOZAQM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.90279575770897,\n              42.334312355926215\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.91682894262999,\n              42.37320178206187\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.04312760691857,\n              42.34209216624515\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.12498785229053,\n              42.2772310055276\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1530542221326,\n              42.24174531837852\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.15773195043921,\n              42.215767530130364\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.20333980143211,\n              42.08137867797771\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1121240994463,\n              42.06835816567923\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1039380749093,\n              42.14817525295584\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0934131862181,\n              42.18458007326123\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1004297786789,\n              42.25126782872945\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.08639659375788,\n              42.28847839494202\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.05716079183904,\n              42.31356148959915\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.99050316346491,\n              42.3248023917769\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94138701624163,\n              42.332583378478205\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90279575770897,\n              42.334312355926215\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f046b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, D. 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