{"pageNumber":"23","pageRowStart":"550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":686,"records":[{"id":5223836,"text":"5223836 - 1997 - Is incest common in gray wolf packs?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:00:14","indexId":"5223836","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is incest common in gray wolf packs?","docAbstract":"<p>Wolf packs generally consist of a breeding pair and their maturing offspring that help provision and protect pack young. Because the reproductive tenure in wolves is often short, reproductively mature offspring might replace their parents, resulting in sibling or parent-offspring matings. To determine the extent of incestuous pairings, we measured relatedness based on variability in 20 microsatellite loci of mated pairs, parent-offspring pairs, and siblings in two populations of gray wolves. Our 16 sampled mated pairs had values of relatedness not overlapping those of known parent-offspring or sibling dyads, which is consistent with their being unrelated or distantly related. These results suggest that full siblings or a parent and its offspring rarely mate and that incest avoidance is an important constraint on gray wolf behavioral ecology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/8.4.384","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.E., Meier, T.J., Geffen, E., Mech, L.D., Burch, J.W., Adams, L., and Wayne, R.K., 1997, Is incest common in gray wolf packs?: Behavioral Ecology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 384-391, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.4.384.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"391","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.4.384","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605d8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Deborah E. 0000-0002-8317-7762 deborahsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-7762","contributorId":5670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Deborah","email":"deborahsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geffen, Eli","contributorId":82969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geffen","given":"Eli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayne, Robert K.","contributorId":80948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70207635,"text":"70207635 - 1997 - U.S. Geological Survey studies of water co-produced with oil and gas: Implications for future petroleum resource development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T14:30:08.894959","indexId":"70207635","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-31T12:28:36","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey studies of water co-produced with oil and gas: Implications for future petroleum resource development","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting research on the impacts of produced waters on petroleum resource development and the environment. Ongoing multidisciplinary investigations are focused on the 1) quantity and quality of current water production, 2) geologic and geochemical parameters that influence the viability of injection wells, and 3) processes that affect the dispersion of inorganic and organic constituents of produced water that are released into the surface and near-surface environment.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPE/EPA exploration and production environmental conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference","conferenceDate":"March 3-5, 1997","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.2118/37901-MS","isbn":"978-1-55563-415-5","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., Kharaka, Y.K., Zielinski, R.A., Rice, C.A., Smith, B.D., and Ridgley, J.L., 1997, U.S. Geological Survey studies of water co-produced with oil and gas: Implications for future petroleum resource development, <i>in</i> SPE/EPA exploration and production environmental conference, March 3-5, 1997, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.2118/37901-MS.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ridgley, Jennie L. ridgley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"Jennie","email":"ridgley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1243,"text":"wsp2341C - 1997 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T22:32:21.269505","indexId":"wsp2341C","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2341","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Indian Creek Basin in the southwestern Piedmont of North Carolina is one of five type areas studied as part of the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System analysis. Detailed studies of selected type areas were used to quantify ground-water flow characteristics in various conceptual hydrogeologic terranes. The conceptual hydrogeologic terranes are considered representative of ground-water conditions beneath large areas of the three physiographic provinces--Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont--that compose the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis area. The Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis study area extends over approximately 142,000 square miles in 11 states and the District of Columbia in the Appalachian highlands of the Eastern United States. The Indian Creek type area is typical of ground-water conditions in a single hydrogeologic terrane that underlies perhaps as much as 40 percent of the Piedmont physiographic province. </p><p>The hydrogeologic terrane of the Indian Creek model area is one of massive and foliated crystalline rocks mantled by thick regolith. The area lies almost entirely within the Inner Piedmont geologic belt. Five hydrogeologic units occupy major portions of the model area, but statistical tests on well yields, specific capacities, and other hydrologic characteristics show that the five hydrogeologic units can be treated as one unit for purposes of modeling ground-water flow. </p><p>The 146-square-mile Indian Creek model area includes the Indian Creek Basin, which has a surface drainage area of about 69 square miles. The Indian Creek Basin lies in parts of Catawba, Lincoln, and Gaston Counties, North Carolina. The larger model area is based on boundary conditions established for digital simulation of ground-water flow within the smaller Indian Creek Basin. </p><p>The ground-water flow model of the Indian Creek Basin is based on the U.S. Geological Survey?s modular finite-difference ground-water flow model. The model area is divided into a uniformly spaced grid having 196 rows and 140 columns. The grid spacing is 500 feet. The model grid is oriented to coincide with fabric elements such that rows are oriented parallel to fractures (N. 72° E.) and columns are oriented parallel to foliation (N. 18° W.). The model is discretized vertically into 11 layers; the top layer represents the soil and saprolite of the regolith, and the lower 10 layers represent bedrock. The base of the model is 850 feet below land surface. The top bedrock layer, which is only 25 feet thick, represents the transition zone between saprolite and unweathered bedrock. </p><p>The assignment of different values of transmissivity to the bedrock according to the topographic setting of model cells and depth results in inherent lateral and vertical anisotropy in the model with zones of high transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with valleys and draws, and zones of low transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with hills and ridges. Lateral anisotropy tends to be most pronounced in the north-northwest to south-southeast direction. Transmissivities decrease nonlineraly with depth. At 850 feet, depending on topographic setting, transmissivities have decreased to about 1 to 4 percent of the value of transmissivity immediately below the regolith-bedrock interface. </p><p>The model boundaries are, for the most part, specified-flux boundaries that coincide with streams that surround the Indian Creek Basin. The area of active model nodes within the boundaries is about 146 square miles and has about 17,400 active cells. The numerical model is designed not as a predictive tool, but as an interpretive one. The model is designed to help gain insight into flow-system dynamics. Predictive capabilities of the numerical model are limited by the constraints placed on the flow system by specified fluxes and recharge distribution.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2341C","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., Smith, D.G., and Eimers, J., 1997, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2341, viii, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2341C.","productDescription":"viii, 137 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411533,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51100330067938,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51100330067938,\n              35.36336371030562\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.36336371030562\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62527b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, Charles C.","contributorId":91081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eimers, Jo Leslie","contributorId":52946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"Jo Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23388,"text":"ofr9792 - 1997 - CHIM; an electrogeochemical partial extraction method; an historical overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr9792","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-92","title":"CHIM; an electrogeochemical partial extraction method; an historical overview","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9792","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D., Smith, D.B., and Leinz, R.W., 1997, CHIM; an electrogeochemical partial extraction method; an historical overview: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-92, 27 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9792.","productDescription":"27 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f985e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, D.B.","contributorId":37734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leinz, R. W.","contributorId":89885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000722,"text":"1000722 - 1997 - Zebra mussel induced mortality of unionids in firm substrata of western Lake Erie and a habitat for survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:32","indexId":"1000722","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":735,"text":"American Malacological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zebra mussel induced mortality of unionids in firm substrata of western Lake Erie and a habitat for survival","docAbstract":"The present study was conducted to determine impacts of zebra mussel [Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771); Dreissenidae] infestation on unionids in firm substrata in western Lake Erie.  Unionid mollusks were collected at a total of 15 stations on three offshore depth contours (2, 3, and 4 m) in 1983 (before zebra mussel infestation), in 1990 and 1993 (after zebra mussel infestation), and at one station on a nearshore 2-m depth contour and along one transect on a nearshore 1-m depth contour in 1993.  Numbers of living unionids on substrata along offshore contours remained similar between 1983 and 1990 and then decreased from 97 individuals in 1990 to only five individuals in 1993.  In addition, the number of species decreased from nine to four between 1990 and 1993.  In contrast, on nearshore contours 85 living individuals representing nine species were found in 1993.  About 48% of the living and 79% of the dead unionids at the two nearshore locations were covered with byssal threads of dreissenid mussels, but were not actively infested by mussels.  The presence of living unionids on nearshore contours of western Lake Erie in 1993 indicates that survival of unionids in the presence of abundant zebra mussel populations can be possible in firm substrata and that these habitats can provide natural ''refugia'' for unionid populations.  At present, we do not know what allows unionids to survive in the presence of zebra mussel colonization, but believe that water-level fluctuations and waves could contribute to the removal of mussels from unionids.  This information could be of major concern in the mitigation of impacts of infestation on unionids in waters throughout North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Malacological Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Smithee, R., Longton, G., and Kovalak, W., 1997, Zebra mussel induced mortality of unionids in firm substrata of western Lake Erie and a habitat for survival: American Malacological Bulletin, v. 14, no. 1, p. 67-74.","productDescription":"p. 67-74","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e477ae4b07f02db47f82d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, D. W.","contributorId":9598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smithee, R. D.","contributorId":99093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smithee","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longton, G. D.","contributorId":15148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longton","given":"G. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kovalak, W. P.","contributorId":51253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovalak","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014716,"text":"1014716 - 1997 - Differences in detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in covertly infected salmonid fishes by the stress-inducible furunculosis test and culture-based assays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T00:21:41.531358","indexId":"1014716","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Differences in detection of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> in covertly infected salmonid fishes by the stress-inducible furunculosis test and culture-based assays","title":"Differences in detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in covertly infected salmonid fishes by the stress-inducible furunculosis test and culture-based assays","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate detection of&nbsp;</span><i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;subsp.&nbsp;</span><i>salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;(the cause of furunculosis disease) in covertly infected salmonids is difficult and is a cause of concern for those involved in fish health inspection and resource management programs. In this study, we examined populations of brook trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>, Atlantic salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>, and lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;that previously sustained natural episodes of furunculosis. Consequently, the sampled fish were presumed to harbor latent infections. Mucus, gill, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and intestine samples (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;= 100 fish per group sampled) were processed and examined by (1) direct dilution counts and (2) quadrant streaking after a 48‐h pre‐enrichment in trypticase soy broth (TSB). Another subsample of fish from each group was then subjected to stress‐inducible furunculosis tests. Stress tests detected&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;in three of four groups of fish that were examined whereas the pathogen was detected in only two of the groups analyzed with culture‐based assays. Although pre‐enrichment in TSB enhanced detection within internal sampling sites including the liver, heart, spleen, and kidney, enrichment did not enhance detection from mucus, gill, or intestinal samples.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009%3C0108:DIDOAS%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L., Smith, D.R., Schachte, J.H., and Petrie, C.J., 1997, Differences in detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in covertly infected salmonid fishes by the stress-inducible furunculosis test and culture-based assays: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 9, no. 2, p. 108-113, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009%3C0108:DIDOAS%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, Rocco C. rcipriano@usgs.gov","contributorId":2487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"Rocco","email":"rcipriano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":320999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, Larisa","contributorId":191025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Larisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schachte, J. H.","contributorId":27399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schachte","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petrie, C. J.","contributorId":69929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000641,"text":"1000641 - 1997 - A revised annotated checklist of the Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:15:07","indexId":"1000641","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3623,"text":"Transactions of the American Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A revised annotated checklist of the Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>A revised annotated checklist for the chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the southeastern United States is presented that includes the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Much of the information concerns occurrence and habitat preference records based upon the authors' data, as well as published and unpublished data. Some information is also presented that includes aspects of biology, habitat preference, bibliographic sources, and nomenclatorial changes. Based upon the present work, the chironomid fauna of the southeastern states is comprised of 189 genera (172 described, 17 informally or unofficially described) and 754 species (505 described, 17 informally or unofficially described, 33 that are assumed for generic or subgeneric presence only, 197 estimated species, and 2 species groups). Several new species synonyms and generic placements are recognized. Thirty-eight genera known from the Nearctic region remain unknown from the southeastern states. Diversity of species was greatest in the subfamily Chironominae, considering named as well as unnamed and estimated species. There were no significant changes in overall regional distribution patterns of subfamilies or habitat preferences form that which has been previously reported. The greatest totals for regional records, habitat types, and state occurrences were the Coastal Plain (378), streams (271), and North Carolina (373), respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Entomological Society","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, B.A., Hudson, P.L., Lenat, D.R., and Smith, D., 1997, A revised annotated checklist of the Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of the southeastern United States: Transactions of the American Entomological Society, v. 123, no. 1/2, p. 1-53.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266636,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25078625"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a76b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Broughton A.","contributorId":95848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Broughton","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenat, David R.","contributorId":23500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019272,"text":"70019272 - 1997 - Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by Double-crested Cormorants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019272","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by Double-crested Cormorants","docAbstract":"The piscivorous nature of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) is well documented. However, many researchers who have used regurgitated pellets to describe the diet of cormorants report that invertebrates compose a small but consistent portion of the diet. We examined the hypothesis that invertebrates found in pellets are primarily the result of secondary consumption. We used odds ratio analysis to examine associations in 2,846 individual pellets between the presence of specific invertebrate prey and the presence of fish species known to consume those invertebrate taxa. Significant (P < 0.05) relationships occurred between gastropods and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and ictalurids, and between decapods and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Significant (P < 0.05) relationships were also found between pelecypods and pumpkinseed and ictalurids. We suggest that the invertebrate prey we observed in pellets were present in the digestive tracts of fish that were consumed by Double-crested Cormorants and hence represent secondary consumption by cormorants. We conclude that consumption of invertebrates by Double-crested Cormorants may be overestimated in the literature in instances where the diet was described using pellets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Ross, R.M., and Smith, D., 1997, Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by Double-crested Cormorants: Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 547-551.","startPage":"547","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d6ae4b0c8380cd52fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014623,"text":"1014623 - 1997 - Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by double-crested cormorants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:22:29.740547","indexId":"1014623","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by double-crested cormorants","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521608","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Ross, R.M., and Smith, D., 1997, Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by double-crested cormorants: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 547-551, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521608.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":320757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014573,"text":"1014573 - 1997 - Continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen and total dissolved gas pressure based on head-space partial pressures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:15:34.63885","indexId":"1014573","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2574,"text":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen and total dissolved gas pressure based on head-space partial pressures","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe an instrument prototype that measures total dissolved gas pressure (TGP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) without need for standard wetted probe membranes or gas permeable tubing. Measurements were based instead on gas-phase partial pressures that develop within the head-space of a pressure vessel, and on Henry's Law. Performance trials established that differences between standard instrumentation and test instrument OP readings average -1.6-mm Hg (SD = 2.19, range -4.8 to -5.3) within the ΔP range of -72 to 123-mm Hg. Additional trials demonstrated the ability of the instrument to closely follow positive and negative changes in TGP at rates approaching 30-mm Hg/h. Here, the difference between test and standard instrumentation derived TGP averaged 3.4-mm Hg (range 0–41). Differences in ΔP measured by test instrument and gasometer increased with water throughput; mean differences were -3.9, -4.3, and -6.0 for water throughput of 4.6, 6.7, and 7.8 L/min, respectively. However, time to reach 90% of the steady-state instrument reading was highest for low water throughput; equilibrium times averaged 90.9, 44.4, and 44.7 min for water throughput of 4.6, 6.7, 7.8 L/min, respectively. Differences between titration and test-instrumentation based DO measurements were acceptable, averaging -0.11 mg/L (SD = 0.41, range -0.85 to 0.85) over DO from 3.3 to 19.2 mg/L and for 11.1 and 24.2 C. Whereas test instrument DO readings were indistinguishable from Winkler titration at 24.2 C; at 11.1 C there was a tendency for test instrument readings to be lower than Winkler titration at DO &lt; 14 mg/L and higher at DO &gt; 14 mg/L. Trials conducted under biological fouling conditions demonstrated the test instrument's ability to operate with 30% of the maintenance required by standard instrumentation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00279.x","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., Smith, D., and Ridge, W.J., 1997, Continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen and total dissolved gas pressure based on head-space partial pressures: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v. 28, no. 4, p. 316-333, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00279.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":320637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":320639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridge, W. J.","contributorId":24724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridge","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54758,"text":"wdrNC962 - 1997 - Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1996. Volume 2: Ground-water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-08T00:50:24.745114","indexId":"wdrNC962","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NC-96-2","title":"Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1996. Volume 2: Ground-water records","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNC962","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., George, E., and Breton, P., 1997, Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1996. Volume 2: Ground-water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NC-96-2, x, 221 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNC962.","productDescription":"x, 221 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1996/nc-96-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1996/nc-96-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":5223674,"text":"5223674 - 1996 - Denning behaviour of non-gravid wolves, Canis lupus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T13:25:02.677164","indexId":"5223674","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denning behaviour of non-gravid wolves, Canis lupus","docAbstract":"Wild wolves (Canis lupus) that had produced pups in earlier years but were not currently pregnant, and ovariectomized captive wolves, dug dens during and after the whelping season even though they produced no pups.  These observations suggest that den digging is not a function of pregnancy or of ovarian estrogen or progesterone.  We hypothesize that increasing prolactin in spring elicits or mediates den-digging behavior.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Phillips, M., Smith, D., and Kreeger, T., 1996, Denning behaviour of non-gravid wolves, Canis lupus: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 110, no. 2, p. 343-345.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/357469"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, M.K.","contributorId":14361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreeger, T.J.","contributorId":34618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreeger","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210805,"text":"5210805 - 1996 - Diurnal raptors in the fragmented rain forest of the Sierra Imataca, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5210805","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Diurnal raptors in the fragmented rain forest of the Sierra Imataca, Venezuela","docAbstract":"The rain forest of the Sierra Imataca in eastern Venezuela has been subjected to extensive deforestation for pastures and agricultural settlements.  In the last decade the opening of access roads combined with intensified logging and mining activities have fragmented a significant portion of the remaining forest.  We noted local distribution and habitat use for 42 species of diurnal raptors observed in affected areas in this region.  We observed some raptors considered as forest interior species and other open country species foraging and roosting in man-made openings inside the forest.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raptors in Human Landscapes: Adaptations to Built and Cultivated Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","collaboration":"OCLC:  34503492.  Based on a symposium, Raptors Adapting to Human-Altered Environments, held on 6 November 1993 in Charlotte, North Carolina.","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, E., Ellis, D.H., Smith, D., and LaRue, C., 1996, Diurnal raptors in the fragmented rain forest of the Sierra Imataca, Venezuela, chap. <i>of</i> Raptors in Human Landscapes: Adaptations to Built and Cultivated Environments, p. 263-273.","productDescription":"xx, 396","startPage":"263","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d892","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bird, David M.","contributorId":113524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507181,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varland, Daniel E.","contributorId":113051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varland","given":"Daniel E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507180,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Negro, Juan Jose","contributorId":111474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negro","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Jose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507179,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, E.","contributorId":79186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRue, C.T.","contributorId":88449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRue","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210744,"text":"5210744 - 1996 - Behavior management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210744","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Behavior management","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cranes: their Biology, Husbandry, and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service and International Crane Foundation","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC and Baraboo, Wisconsin","collaboration":"Chapter 6.  ISBN 0-16-048638-6.","usgsCitation":"Swengel, S., Archibald, G.W., Ellis, D.H., and Smith, D., 1996, Behavior management, chap. <i>of</i> Cranes: their Biology, Husbandry, and Conservation, p. 105-117.","productDescription":"xii, 308","startPage":"105","endPage":"117","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c339","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ellis, David H.","contributorId":70901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507015,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, George F.","contributorId":113443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mirande, Claire M.","contributorId":113912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirande","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507017,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Swengel, S.R.","contributorId":98008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swengel","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archibald, George W.","contributorId":73705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archibald","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31991,"text":"ofr95634 - 1996 - Surface salinity of Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T17:54:27.870995","indexId":"ofr95634","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T22:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-634","title":"Surface salinity of Florida Bay","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95634","usgsCitation":"Halley, R.B., Smith, D., and Hansen, M.E., 1996, Surface salinity of Florida Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-634, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95634.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0634/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60139,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0634/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 95-634"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.37872314453125,\n              25.19251511519153\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.34027099609375,\n              25.264568475331583\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3704833984375,\n              25.299337565234087\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57647705078125,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7275390625,\n              25.150257104114733\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0406494140625,\n              25.137825490722225\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              24.95368985917014\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94403076171875,\n              24.936257323061316\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.82318115234375,\n              24.542126388899305\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76025390625,\n              24.597080137096412\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51580810546875,\n              24.681961205014595\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              24.676969798202656\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8868408203125,\n              24.814160581042987\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6396484375,\n              24.918822320516302\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37872314453125,\n              25.19251511519153\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Dewitt","contributorId":51802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Dewitt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, M. E.","contributorId":71157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014784,"text":"1014784 - 1996 - Improved access to software published in the Wildlife Society Bulletin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1014784","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved access to software published in the Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"97-088/AE","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 1996, Improved access to software published in the Wildlife Society Bulletin: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 339-339.","startPage":"339","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57256,"text":"wdrNC951 - 1996 - Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T14:21:52","indexId":"wdrNC951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NC-95-1","title":"Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1995","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNC951","usgsCitation":"Ragland, B., Smith, D., Barker, R., and Rinehardt, J., 1996, Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NC-95-1, 618 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNC951.","productDescription":"618 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, E.D.","contributorId":27924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breton, P.L.","contributorId":65151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breton","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223229,"text":"5223229 - 1995 - Year-round movements of a Wahlberg's Eagle Aquila wahlbergi tracked by satellite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T13:12:57.409783","indexId":"5223229","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-06T12:17:43","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2970,"text":"Ostrich","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Year-round movements of a Wahlberg's Eagle <i>Aquila wahlbergi</i> tracked by satellite","title":"Year-round movements of a Wahlberg's Eagle Aquila wahlbergi tracked by satellite","docAbstract":"An adult female Wahlberg's Eagle from northern Namibia was tracked by satellite ovcr a total distance of 8816 km and located 104 times between 11 February and 4 November 1994. It migrated on an almost due north heading to northern Cameroon, north-eastern Nigeria and western Chad through the rain forest belt of the Congo and Zaire after the breeding season. The total trans-equatorial distance between the breeding and non-breeding ranges was 3520 km. During the non-breeding season the bird ranged over a large area (ca. 60 000 km2) for about six weeks (29 April - 14 June) in these three countries in a rather nomadic pattern covering a minimum distance of 1256 km. During two further months (14 June - 14 August) it restricted its movements to an area of about 50002 km near Maiduguri in the Sudan savannah of north-eastern Nigeria. The return migration took about two weeks longer than that to the north, which took about a month.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00306525.1995.9632720","usgsCitation":"Meyburg, B., Mendelsohn, J., Ellis, D.H., Smith, D., Meyburg, C., and Kemp, A., 1995, Year-round movements of a Wahlberg's Eagle Aquila wahlbergi tracked by satellite: Ostrich, v. 66, no. 4, p. 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1995.9632720.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Namibia, Nigeria, Zaire","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              9.754042597958403,\n              13.34053067587513\n            ],\n            [\n              9.754042597958403,\n              -27.953761487915962\n            ],\n            [\n              20.252541879296786,\n              -27.953761487915962\n            ],\n            [\n              20.252541879296786,\n              13.34053067587513\n            ],\n            [\n              9.754042597958403,\n              13.34053067587513\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyburg, B.-U.","contributorId":76038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyburg","given":"B.-U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendelsohn, J.M.","contributorId":48280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelsohn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyburg, C.","contributorId":17726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyburg","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kemp, A.C.","contributorId":32644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemp","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5210709,"text":"5210709 - 1995 - Point count length and detection of forest neotropical migrant birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210709","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:23:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Point count length and detection of forest neotropical migrant birds","docAbstract":"Comparisons of bird abundances among years or among habitats assume that the rates at which birds are detected and counted are constant within species. We use point count data collected in forests of the Mid-Atlantic states to estimate detection probabilities for Neotropical migrant bird species as a function of count length. For some species, significant differences existed among years or observers in both the probability of detecting the species and in the rate at which individuals are counted. We demonstrate the consequence that variability in species' detection probabilities can have on estimates of population change, and discuss ways for reducing this source of bias in point count studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest Experiment Station.","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 4725_Dawson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., Smith, D., and Robbins, C., 1995, Point count length and detection of forest neotropical migrant birds: General Technical Report, iv, 181.","productDescription":"iv, 181","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr149/psw_gtr149_pg35_44.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c84","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506944,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506943,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam sdroege@usgs.gov","contributorId":3464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","email":"sdroege@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":506942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27074,"text":"wri954067 - 1995 - Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:26:35","indexId":"wri954067","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4067","title":"Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92","docAbstract":"Water-quality conditions at five municipal landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, were studied during 1986-92. Analytical results of water samples from monitoring wells and streams at and near the landfills were used to evaluate effects of leachate on surface and ground water. Ground-water levels at monitoring wells were used to determine directions of ground-water flow at the landfills. Data from previous studies were used for analysis of temporal trends in selected water-quality properties and chemical constituents.\r\n\r\nEffects of leachate, such as large biochemical- and chemical-oxygen demands, generally were evident in small streams originating within the landfills, whereas effects of leachate generally were not evident in most of the larger streams. In larger streams, surface-water quality upstream and downstream from most of the landfills was similar. However, the chemical quality of water in Irwin Creek appears to have been affected by the Statesville Road landfill. Concentrations of several constituents indicative of leachate were larger in samples collected from Irwin Creek downstream from the Statesville Road landfill than in samples collected from Irwin Creek upstream from the landfill.\r\n\r\nThe effect of leachate on ground-water quality generally was largest in water from wells adjacent to waste-disposal cells. Concentrations of most constituents considered indicative of leachate generally were smaller with increasing distance from waste-disposal cells. Water samples from offsite wells generally indicated no effect or very small effects of leachate.\r\n\r\nAction levels designated by the Mecklenburg County Engineering Department and maximum contaminant levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were exceeded in some samples from the landfills. Ground-water samples exceeded action levels and maximum contaminant levels more commonly than surface-water samples. Iron and manganese were the constituents that most commonly exceeded action levels in water samples from the landfills.\r\n\r\nSynthetic organic compounds were detected more commonly and in larger concentrations in ground-water samples than in surface-water samples. Concentrations of synthetic organic compounds detected in water samples from monitoring sites at the landfills generally were much less than maximum contaminant levels. However, concentrations of some chlorinated organic compounds exceeded maximum contaminant levels in samples from several monitoring wells at the Harrisburg Road and York Road landfills.\r\n\r\nTrend analysis indicated statistically significant temporal changes in concentrations of selected water-quality constituents and properties at some of the monitoring sites. Trends detected for the Holbrooks Road and Statesville Road landfills generally indicated an improvement in water quality and a decrease in effects of leachate at most monitoring sites at these landfills from 1979 to 1992. Water-quality trends detected for monitoring sites at the Harrisburg Road and York Road landfills, the largest landfills in the study, differed in magnitude and direction. Upward trends generally were detected for sites near recently closed waste-disposal cells, whereas downward trends generally were detected for sites near older waste-disposal cells. Temporal trends in water quality generally reflected changes in degradation processes associated with the aging of landfill wastes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954067","usgsCitation":"Ferrell, G., and Smith, D., 1995, Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4067, vi, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954067.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4067/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55944,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.7823,35.5113],[-80.7867,35.5031],[-80.7889,35.4949],[-80.7831,35.4836],[-80.7819,35.475],[-80.7779,35.4668],[-80.7778,35.4614],[-80.7744,35.4578],[-80.7549,35.423],[-80.7525,35.4148],[-80.7553,35.4125],[-80.7638,35.4134],[-80.7693,35.402],[-80.7551,35.3944],[-80.7364,35.3786],[-80.7187,35.3624],[-80.704,35.3552],[-80.6983,35.3507],[-80.6822,35.3131],[-80.6677,35.2705],[-80.6214,35.2499],[-80.5954,35.2369],[-80.5485,35.2108],[-80.6245,35.1487],[-80.7328,35.0627],[-80.7645,35.0375],[-80.7684,35.0348],[-80.7746,35.0329],[-80.7858,35.0315],[-80.7892,35.0314],[-80.8009,35.0286],[-80.8155,35.0204],[-80.8194,35.019],[-80.8216,35.018],[-80.8216,35.0167],[-80.8288,35.0098],[-80.835,35.0061],[-80.8405,35.0016],[-80.8604,35.0246],[-80.8854,35.0535],[-80.9016,35.0716],[-80.9312,35.1049],[-80.9373,35.1018],[-81.0383,35.0452],[-81.0419,35.0432],[-81.0447,35.0468],[-81.0464,35.0482],[-81.0483,35.0507],[-81.0503,35.0527],[-81.0528,35.0557],[-81.0548,35.0582],[-81.0568,35.0611],[-81.0577,35.0636],[-81.0586,35.067],[-81.0582,35.0722],[-81.0577,35.0788],[-81.0566,35.0834],[-81.0554,35.0868],[-81.0541,35.0904],[-81.0533,35.0927],[-81.0523,35.0956],[-81.0503,35.0975],[-81.0487,35.099],[-81.0462,35.1003],[-81.0437,35.1014],[-81.042,35.1022],[-81.0391,35.1027],[-81.0369,35.1036],[-81.0352,35.1054],[-81.0344,35.1072],[-81.0341,35.1095],[-81.0341,35.1136],[-81.0358,35.1186],[-81.0363,35.1213],[-81.038,35.124],[-81.0408,35.1267],[-81.0425,35.1281],[-81.0454,35.1289],[-81.0476,35.1295],[-81.0499,35.1302],[-81.051,35.1313],[-81.0521,35.1335],[-81.0523,35.1365],[-81.0517,35.1392],[-81.0501,35.142],[-81.0476,35.1463],[-81.0448,35.1494],[-81.0238,35.1486],[-81.0176,35.1536],[-81.0109,35.1532],[-81.0076,35.1569],[-81.0088,35.165],[-81.0049,35.1728],[-81.0045,35.1814],[-81.0046,35.1864],[-81.0063,35.1923],[-81.0064,35.1973],[-81.0054,35.2055],[-81.0071,35.2109],[-81.0129,35.2231],[-81.0113,35.2309],[-81.012,35.2349],[-81.0082,35.2509],[-81.0139,35.2585],[-81.0152,35.2685],[-81.0143,35.2876],[-81.0133,35.293],[-81.0105,35.2944],[-81.0033,35.3017],[-81.0022,35.3045],[-80.9961,35.3113],[-80.9938,35.3132],[-80.9894,35.3205],[-80.9844,35.3237],[-80.9805,35.3287],[-80.9823,35.3341],[-80.984,35.3373],[-80.9818,35.3446],[-80.9706,35.3501],[-80.9656,35.3506],[-80.9593,35.3489],[-80.9537,35.3521],[-80.9442,35.3521],[-80.9374,35.3572],[-80.9285,35.3614],[-80.9268,35.3627],[-80.9296,35.3636],[-80.9432,35.3658],[-80.9505,35.3675],[-80.9563,35.3738],[-80.9597,35.3756],[-80.9625,35.3756],[-80.9647,35.3738],[-80.9669,35.3688],[-80.9697,35.3669],[-80.9742,35.3642],[-80.9776,35.3646],[-80.9844,35.3695],[-80.9868,35.38],[-80.9846,35.3822],[-80.9806,35.3823],[-80.9761,35.3828],[-80.9632,35.3901],[-80.9554,35.3925],[-80.9549,35.4006],[-80.959,35.4133],[-80.9569,35.4288],[-80.9587,35.436],[-80.9527,35.446],[-80.9465,35.4524],[-80.9421,35.457],[-80.9432,35.4602],[-80.9506,35.4656],[-80.9518,35.4701],[-80.948,35.481],[-80.947,35.486],[-80.951,35.4942],[-80.9612,35.4986],[-80.9664,35.509],[-80.9637,35.5131],[-80.9586,35.5163],[-80.9569,35.5177],[-80.7823,35.5113]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mecklenburg\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6879ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrell, G.M.","contributorId":92681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223447,"text":"5223447 - 1995 - Factors affecting visibility rate of aerial waterfowl surveys in the Mississippi alluvial valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T16:32:46.883378","indexId":"5223447","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting visibility rate of aerial waterfowl surveys in the Mississippi alluvial valley","docAbstract":"<p>Because visibility bias can confound attempts to detect changes in abundance, we evaluated factors that affect visibility rate in aerial surveys of wintering waterfowl. We placed waterfowl decoys in 32 2- x 0.25-km strip transects in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) during February 1990 and 1991 and observed the decoys under different experimental conditions. Visibility rate was influenced (<i>P &lt;</i> 0.10) by habitat, transect width, and decoy group size. We simulated variation in use of habitat and found that changes in use between open and wooded wetlands would cause changes in visibility rate and affect the power to detect a change in abundance. The effect of changes in visibility rate on likelihood of detecting population change depended on the magnitude and direction of population change and precision of the population index. For transect surveys of wintering ducks in the MAV we recommend reducing transect width from 250 to 150 m on each side of the aircraft and restricting comparisons between years when 70% of the population is likely to be distributed in open wetlands. Improved techniques for estimating abundance of wintering waterfowl are also needed so use of questionable population indices can be avoided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802458","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.R., Reinecke, K., Conroy, M.J., Brown, M.W., and Nassar, J.R., 1995, Factors affecting visibility rate of aerial waterfowl surveys in the Mississippi alluvial valley: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 3, p. 515-527, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802458.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"527","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Panther Swamp National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.63763413757698,\n              32.89023126193864\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.63763413757698,\n              32.74473229146929\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.49955179858992,\n              32.74473229146929\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.49955179858992,\n              32.89023126193864\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.63763413757698,\n              32.89023126193864\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6724cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":340946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth J.","affiliations":[{"id":81683,"text":"Patuxent Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Michael W.","contributorId":17712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nassar, James R.","contributorId":55918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nassar","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":65739,"text":"i2473 - 1995 - Map showing the distribution, mineralogy, and geochemistry of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T18:52:03.07174","indexId":"i2473","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2473","title":"Map showing the distribution, mineralogy, and geochemistry of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2473","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Eiswerth, B.A., Smith, D.B., Ehmann, W., and Bowers, T.L., 1995, Map showing the distribution, mineralogy, and geochemistry of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2473, Report; 17 p.; 1 Plate: 36.50 × 33.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2473.","productDescription":"Report; 17 p.; 1 Plate: 36.50 × 33.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":91491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2473/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91490,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2473/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":190246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2473/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":107433,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10292.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10292"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,39 ], [ -120,40 ], [ -118,40 ], [ -118,39 ], [ -120,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a25fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eiswerth, B. A.","contributorId":55851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eiswerth","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ehmann, W. J.","contributorId":41836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehmann","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowers, T. L.","contributorId":62647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1014785,"text":"1014785 - 1995 - Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating density of wintering waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:17:00.802026","indexId":"1014785","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating density of wintering waterfowl","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2532964","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Conroy, M., and Brakhage, D., 1995, Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating density of wintering waterfowl: Biometrics, v. 51, p. 777-788, https://doi.org/10.2307/2532964.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"788","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brakhage, D.H.","contributorId":7664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakhage","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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