Fewer than 40 years ago, Life magazine ran an article decrying the plight of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) on their wintering grounds at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge (Aransas) along the Gulf Coast. The small flock of approximately 20 birds that summered at Wood Buffalo National Park (Wood Buffalo) in Canada and wintered on the Texas coast at Aransas comprised the entire wild population of the species-a population that at the time seemed to be drifting inexorably to- ward extinction. Today, the Aransas/Wood Buffalo flock numbers more than 140 birds, there are more than 30 birds in captivity at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (Patuxent), and another 20-plus birds at the International Crane Foundation in Baraboo, Wisconsin. There are also a dozen wild birds in an experimental flock (termed the Rocky Mountain flock by Doughty) that winters at Bosque Del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in New Mexico and summers in the mountain valleys centered on Grays Lake NWR in Idaho.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088028","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., and Smith, D., 1990, [Book review] Return of the Whooping Crane: The Auk, v. 107, no. 4, p. 812-814, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088028.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"814","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4088028","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"4","publicComments":"Review of: Return of the Whooping Crane. Robin W. Doughty. 1989. Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press. x + 182 pp., 32 color plates, 6 maps, 7 tables. ISBN 0-292-79041-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b9e4b07f02db4a250c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210483,"text":"5210483 - 1990 - Owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210483","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Owls","docAbstract":"Eight species of owls regularly occur and may breed in one or more of the southeastern states. Several additional northern or western species appear irregularly as accidentals or during years of southward incursions. In the Southeast, the most common and wide- spread owls are the common barn-owl, eastern screech-owl, great horned owl and barred owl; the most restricted is the burrowing owl. The long-eared, short-eared, and northern saw-whet owls are primarily winter visitors in this region, although small and very localized nesting populations of short-eared owls may occur in Virginia. Long-eared owls and northern saw-whet owls may occur in West Virginia and northern saw-whet owls may occur in the highlands of Tennessee and North Carolina. Several owls of the Southeast are Blue-listed as threatened, endangered, or of local concern, including the common barn-owl, eastern screech-owl, burrow'ing owl and short-eared owl. The nesting status of the long-eared owl and northern saw-whet owl are still poorly known. These two owls should be included on stat and regional lists of species of special concern. Important limiting factors for all owls of the Southeast include habitat loss and human related mortality. Management issues center on obtaining a data base useful in predicting the effects of current forest management practices on owl populations and encouraging use of forestry techniques that least impact owls. Research needs include initiating studies of all aspects of the life history and habitat relationships of each owl species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Southeast Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation.","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Ellis, D.H., and Millsap, B., 1990, Owls, chap. of Proceedings of the Southeast Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. , p. 89-117.","productDescription":"xii, 245","startPage":"89","endPage":"117","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b1e4b07f02db49d32f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Beth Giron","contributorId":111970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"Giron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506518,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millsap, B.A.","contributorId":30716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millsap","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33437,"text":"b1702K - 1990 - Mineral resources of the Kofa Unit 4 North Wilderness Study Area, Yuma County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:33","indexId":"b1702K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1702","chapter":"K","title":"Mineral resources of the Kofa Unit 4 North Wilderness Study Area, Yuma County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b1702K","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., Smith, D.B., Kleinkopf, M.D., and Gese, D.D., 1990, Mineral resources of the Kofa Unit 4 North Wilderness Study Area, Yuma County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1702, v, p. K1-K12, ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1702K.","productDescription":"v, p. K1-K12, ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1702k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61320,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1702k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleinkopf, M. D.","contributorId":10036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gese, D. D.","contributorId":28596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gese","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":17668,"text":"ofr90462 - 1990 - Selected translations of the Russian literature on the electrogeochemical sampling technique called CHIM (chastichnoe izvlechennye metallov)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T12:20:46","indexId":"ofr90462","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-462","title":"Selected translations of the Russian literature on the electrogeochemical sampling technique called CHIM (chastichnoe izvlechennye metallov)","docAbstract":"As part of our research into new methods for the assessment of mineral deposits, the U.S. Geological Survey has recently begun investigation of the CHIM method. As part of our studies, translation of a Russian manual on the CHIM methodology and eight articles from the Russian literature were transit ted to provide background for our own research. The translations were done by Earth Science Translation Services of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and are presented as received, without editing on our part. Below is a bibliography of the translated articles.
For approximately the past 20 years Russian geoscientists have been applying an electrogeochemical sampling technique given the Russian acronym CHIM, derived from Chastichnoe Izvlechennye Metallov which translates as \"partial extraction of metals\". In this technique a direct current is introduced into the earth through collector electrodes similar to \"porous pots\" used in electrical geophysical applications. The solution in the cathode is dilute nitric acid, and current is passed through the cathode for times ranging from 6 hours to 48 hours or more. Electrical connections to the nitric acid are made through an inner conductor that is typically spectroscopically pure graphite. At the cathode, mobile cations collect on the graphite or in the nitric acid solution, both of which serve as the geochemical sampling media. These media are then analyzed by appropriate methods for the ions of interest. In most applications of the CHIM method only mobile cations are sampled, although Russian literature does refer to collection of anions as well. More recently the CHIM method has been applied by the Peoples Republic of China and the Indian Geological Survey.
The literature indicates that the method has advantages over other geochemical sampling techniques by providing increased sensitivity to the metals being searched for, especially where deposits are covered by substantial overburden. In some cases success has been claimed with overburden in excess of 500 meters. The technique appears to have been applied principally to exploration for base- and precious-metal deposits, but does not appear to be limited to these. References are made in the literature to its application in the search for nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, uranium, tin, REE, tungsten, berylium, and oil and gas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90462","usgsCitation":"1990, Selected translations of the Russian literature on the electrogeochemical sampling technique called CHIM (chastichnoe izvlechennye metallov): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-462, 172 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90462.","productDescription":"172 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0462/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0462/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7fca","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Hoover, D.B.","contributorId":37734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726176,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726177,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}],"editors":[{"text":"Bloomstein, Edward I.","contributorId":22379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloomstein","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726174,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bloomstein, Eleana (translator)","contributorId":8491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloomstein","given":"Eleana","suffix":"(translator)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726175,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19319,"text":"ofr9079 - 1990 - Description of digital data from a helicopter geophysical survey to map brine contamination— Brookhaven Oil Field, Lincoln County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T18:36:48.513227","indexId":"ofr9079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-79","title":"Description of digital data from a helicopter geophysical survey to map brine contamination— Brookhaven Oil Field, Lincoln County, Mississippi","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9079","usgsCitation":"Heran, W., and Smith, B.D., 1990, Description of digital data from a helicopter geophysical survey to map brine contamination— Brookhaven Oil Field, Lincoln County, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-79, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9079.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391171,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17855.htm"},{"id":48792,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0079/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Lincoln County","otherGeospatial":"Brookhaven Oil Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.5750,\n 31.525\n ],\n [\n -90.475,\n 31.525\n ],\n [\n -90.475,\n 31.675\n ],\n [\n -90.5750,\n 31.675\n ],\n [\n -90.5750,\n 31.525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heran, W. D.","contributorId":19147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heran","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19635,"text":"ofr90204 - 1990 - Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment samples from the Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-05T12:04:32.658718","indexId":"ofr90204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-204","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment samples from the Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90204","usgsCitation":"Kilburn, J., Smith, D.B., and Hopkins, R., 1990, Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment samples from the Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-204, Report: 71 p.; 1 Plate: 29.57 × 23.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90204.","productDescription":"Report: 71 p.; 1 Plate: 29.57 × 23.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49105,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0204/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49106,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390199,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17878.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Reno 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e4ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, R.T.","contributorId":80264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81366,"text":"81366 - 1990 - Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:42:39","indexId":"81366","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat","docAbstract":"We provide a current listing of the species of midges (Diptera:Chironomidae) in the southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee). This checklist should aid research on this group of insects, which have often proved useful in the assessment of water quality. We document each species' distribution and general habitat and provide the best taxonomic reference to facilitate the identification or description of species in that genus. Changes in nomenclature, unique ecological traits, bibliographic sources, or other items of information are summarized in a paragraph on each genus. Of the 10 sub-families currently recognized in the Chironomidae, 7 occur in the Southeast. The chironomid fauna of the six southeastern States now consist of 164 described genera and 479 described species. In addition we have listed 14 genera and 245 species that are tenatively noted as undescribed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hudson, P.L., Lenat, D.R., Caldwell, B.A., and Smith, D., 1990, Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat: Fish and Wildlife Research 7, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lenat, David R.","contributorId":23500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Broughton A.","contributorId":95848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Broughton","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008009,"text":"1008009 - 1990 - Stable lead isotopes evidence anthropogenic contamination in Alaskan sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T02:14:12.901306","indexId":"1008009","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable lead isotopes evidence anthropogenic contamination in Alaskan sea otters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01699204","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., DeWeese, L., Grubb, T., Kiff, L., Smith, D., Jarman, W.M., and Peakall, D.B., 1989, Pesticide residues in Arizona peregrine falcon eggs and prey: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01699204.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. 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The alkalic lava types differ from the subalkaline lavas in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios and trace element ratios and, despite close temporal and spatial relationships, the two types appear to be from discrete mantle sources. Pre-faulting lava types include: potassic trachybasalts (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7052 to 0.7055, e{open}Nd= -9.2 to -10.7); alkali olivine basalts (87Sr/ 86Sr = 0.7049 to 0.7054, e{open}Nd= -2 to 0.2); basanite and hawaiites (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7049 to 0.7053, e{open}Nd= -3.5 to -7.8); and quartz tholeiites (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7047, e{open}Nd= -1.4 to -2.6). Post-faulting lavas have lower 87Sr/86Sr (<0.7045) and e{open}Nd from -3.2 to 2.3. Pb isotopic data for both preand post-faulting lavas form coherent clusters by magma type with values higher than those associated with MORB but within the range of values found for crustal rocks and sulfide ores in Arizona and New Mexico. Pb isotopic systematics appear to be dominated by crustal contamination. Effects of assimilation and fractional crystallization are inadequate to produce the Sr isotopic variations unless very large amounts of assimilation occurred relative to fractionation. It is impossible to produce the Nd isotopic variations unless ancient very unradiogenic material exists beneath the region. Moreover the assumption that the alkalic lavas are cogenetic requires high degrees of fractionation inconsistent with major- and trace-element data. Metasomatism of the subcontinental lithosphere above a subduction zone by a slab-derived fluid enriched in Sr, Ba, P and K could have produced the isotopic and elemental patterns. The degree of metasomatism apparently decreased upward, with the alkalic lavas sampling more modified regions of the mantle than the tholeiitic lavas. Such metasomatism may have been a regional event associated with crustal formation at about 1.6 Ga. 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Although the caracara has been recorded in all of the southwestern states, it occurs regularly only in southern Arizona and central, southern and coastal Texas. Its distribution is closely linked to the availability of carrion. Throughout its range, thecaracara is associated with open habitats such as desertscrub, grassland and savanna. Nesting pairs usually produce one brood each breeding season, which extends from December through August. Eggs are laid from March into early June and clutch size averages two to three eggs. Young fledge in June and July and may remain with the adults for several weeks. Management recommendations for the crested caracara include clarifying its status in the Southwest. using supplemental feeding and modifying habitats to encourage recolonization of previously occupied areas and movement into new areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. 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Structural features within the study area include a series of anticline-syncline pairs. The main avenues of groundwater movement in the basalt are the interflow zone between basalt flows. Individual interflow zones may be rather extensive in the lateral direction and are largely isolated from overlying and underlying interflows by poorly permeable basalt flow centers. Four aquifers were defined for this study. The uppermost aquifer (layer 1) consists of unconsolidated deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay that overlie the basalt: layer 2 consists of the Saddle Mountains Basalt, layer 3 the Wanapum Basalt, and layer 4 consists of the upper thousand ft of Grande Ronde Basalt. Recharge to the groundwater system is from precipitation, leakage from streams, and seepage from surface water irrigation. Natural discharge of aquifers is principally to streams. Discharge by groundwater pumpage from the study area ranged from approximately 2,000 acre-ft in 1950 to 144,000 acre-ft in 1980. About 85% of the total pumpage in 1980 was from the Oregon part of the study area. Water level declines of over 300 ft occur locally in parts of the study area. 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