{"pageNumber":"6","pageRowStart":"125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":246,"records":[{"id":98999,"text":"ofr20111012 - 2011 - Non-native fish control below Glen Canyon Dam - Report from a structured decision-making project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T12:09:04.888634","indexId":"ofr20111012","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1012","title":"Non-native fish control below Glen Canyon Dam - Report from a structured decision-making project","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a structured decision-making project by the U.S. Geological Survey to provide substantive input to the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) for use in the preparation of an Environmental Assessment concerning control of non-native fish below Glen Canyon Dam. A forum was created to allow the diverse cooperating agencies and Tribes to discuss, expand, and articulate their respective values; to develop and evaluate a broad set of potential control alternatives using the best available science; and to define individual preferences of each group on how to manage the inherent trade-offs in this non-native fish control problem.\r\nThis project consisted of two face-to-face workshops, held in Mesa, Arizona, October 18-20 and November 8-10, 2010. At the first workshop, a diverse set of objectives was discussed, which represented the range of concerns of those agencies and Tribes present. A set of non-native fish control alternatives ('hybrid portfolios') was also developed. Over the 2-week period between the two workshops, four assessment teams worked to evaluate the control alternatives against the array of objectives. At the second workshop, the results of the assessment teams were presented. Multi-criteria decision analysis methods were used to examine the trade-offs inherent in the problem, and allowed the participating agencies and Tribes to express their individual judgments about how those trade-offs should best be managed in Reclamation`s selection of a preferred alternative.\r\nA broad array of objectives was identified and defined, and an effort was made to understand how these objectives are likely to be achieved by a variety of strategies. In general, the objectives reflected desired future conditions over 30 years. A rich set of alternative approaches was developed, and the complex structure of those alternatives was documented. Multi-criteria decision analysis methods allowed the evaluation of those alternatives against the array of objectives, with the values of individual agencies and tribes deliberately preserved.\r\nTrout removal strategies aimed at the Paria to Badger Rapid reach (PBR), with a variety of permutations in deference to cultural values, and with backup removal at the Little Colorado River reach (LCR) if necessary, were identified as top-ranking portfolios for all agencies and Tribes. These PBR/LCR removal portfolios outperformed LCR-only removal portfolios, for cultural reasons and for effectiveness - the probability of keeping the humpback chub population above a desired threshold was estimated to be higher under the PBR/LCR portfolios than the LCR-only portfolios. The PBR/LCR removal portfolios also outperformed portfolios based on flow manipulations, primarily because of the effect of sport fishery and wilderness recreation objectives, as well as cultural objectives. The preference for the PBR/LCR removal portfolios was quite robust to variation in the objective weights and to uncertainty about the underlying dynamics, at least over the ranges of uncertainty investigated.\r\nExamination of the effect of uncertainty on the recommended outcomes allowed us to complete a 'value of information' analysis. The results of this analysis led to an adaptive strategy that includes three possible long-term management actions (no action; LCR removal; or PBR removal) and seeks to reduce uncertainty about the following two issues: the degree to which rainbow trout limit chub populations, and the effectiveness of PBR removal to reduce trout emigration downstream into Marble and eastern Grand Canyons, where the largest population of humpback chub exist. In the face of uncertainty about the effectiveness of PBR removal, a case might be made for including flow manipulations in an adaptive strategy, but formal analysis of this case was not conducted.\r\nThe full set of conclusions described above is not definitive, however. This analysis described in this report is a simplified depiction of the t","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111012","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Bean, E., Smith, D., and Kokos, S., 2011, Non-native fish control below Glen Canyon Dam - Report from a structured decision-making project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1012, vi, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111012.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":133722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111,37.5 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6970bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bean, Ellen","contributorId":77111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokos, Sonja","contributorId":46479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokos","given":"Sonja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036900,"text":"70036900 - 2011 - New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) <i>Falcarius utahensis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T17:44:20","indexId":"70036900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2491,"text":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) <i>Falcarius utahensis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many disarticulated bones from multiple individuals of a primitive therizinosaurian, referred to&nbsp;</span><i>Falcarius utahensis</i><span>, were found in the paucispecific Crystal Geyser bonebed in the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah. To date, more than 2000 specimens from this species have been excavated. Included in this collection are two partial braincases, one of which is designated the holotype. Here we describe the braincase morphology of</span><i>Falcarius utahensis</i><span>. These specimens help establish the primitive cranial condition for the Therizinosauria and further substantiate intraspecific and contralateral braincase pneumatic variation in theropods. When combined with new observations on the cranial remains of the therizinosaurid&nbsp;</span><i>Nothronychus mckinleyi</i><span>&nbsp;derived from computed tomographic (CT) scans, the braincase morphology of&nbsp;</span><i>Falcarius</i><span>&nbsp;clarifies several evolutionary trends within the Therizinosauria and establishes a suite of synapomorphies for the Therizinosauridae. Trends within the clade include increased basicranial pneumatization (the development of a basisphenoid bulla and loss of external subcondylar recesses), anterior deflection of the supraoccipital, and the reduction of points of origin of the craniocervical musculature, associated with the loss of discrete basipterygoid processes, probably due to incorporation of these structures into the expanded hyperpneumatic bone. Finally, CT scans reveal a complete, nearly avian, inner ear with bird-like semicircular canals and a long cochlea indicating broad frequency discrimination.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Oklahoma","doi":"10.1080/02724634.2011.549442","issn":"02724634","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Zanno, L.E., Sanders, R.K., Deblieux, D.D., and Kirkland, J.I., 2011, New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) <i>Falcarius utahensis</i>: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 387-404, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.549442.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"404","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.028076171875,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.028076171875,\n              39.07464374293249\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              39.07464374293249\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.028076171875,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6593e4b0c8380cd72c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zanno, Lindsay E.","contributorId":173913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanno","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, R. Kent","contributorId":64068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deblieux, Donald D.","contributorId":173914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deblieux","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkland, James I.","contributorId":173915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkland","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034103,"text":"70034103 - 2011 - Recovery and reprocessing of legacy geophysical data from the archives of the State Company of Geology and Mining (GEOSURV) of Iraq and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:54:35.141578","indexId":"70034103","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery and reprocessing of legacy geophysical data from the archives of the State Company of Geology and Mining (GEOSURV) of Iraq and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aeromagnetic data belonging to the State Company of Geology and Mining of Iraq (GEOSURV) have been recovered from magnetic tapes and early paper maps. In 1974 a national airborne survey was flown by the French firm Compagnie General de Geophysique (CGG). Following the survey the magnetic data were stored on magnetic tapes within an air conditioned archive run by GEOSURV. In 1990, the power supply to the archive was cut resulting in the present‐day poor condition of the tapes. Frontier Processing Company and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have been able to recover over 99 percent of the original digital data from the CGG tapes. Preliminary reprocessing of the data yielded a total magnetic field anomaly map that reveals fine structures not evident in available published maps. Successful restoration of these comprehensive, high quality digital datasets obviates the need to resurvey the entire country, thereby saving considerable time and money. These data were delivered to GEOSURV in a standard format for further analysis and interpretation. A parallel effort by GETECH concentrated on recovering the legacy gravity data from the original field data sheets archived by IPC (Iraq Petroleum Company). These data have been compiled with more recent GEOSURV sponsored surveys thus allowing for the first time a comprehensive digital and unified national gravity database to be constructed with full principal facts. Figure 1 shows the final aeromagnetic and gravity data coverage of Iraq. The only part of Iraq lacking gravity and aeromagnetic data coverage is the mountainous areas of the Kurdish region of northeastern Iraq. Joint interpretation of the magnetic and gravity data will help guide future geophysical investigations by GEOSURV, whose ultimate aim is to discover economical mineral and energy resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3628209","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.V., Drenth, B.J., Fairhead, J., Lei, K., Dark, J., and Al-Bassam, K., 2011, Recovery and reprocessing of legacy geophysical data from the archives of the State Company of Geology and Mining (GEOSURV) of Iraq and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC): SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 30, no. 1, p. 856-860, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3628209.","startPage":"856","endPage":"860","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran, Iraq","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairhead, J.D.","contributorId":102714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairhead","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lei, K.","contributorId":19810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lei","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dark, J.A.","contributorId":43599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dark","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Al-Bassam, 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,{"id":70035428,"text":"70035428 - 2011 - Microbial survival in the stratosphere and implications for global dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T11:36:50","indexId":"70035428","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial survival in the stratosphere and implications for global dispersal","docAbstract":"Spores of Bacillus subtilis were exposed to a series of stratosphere simulations. In total, five distinct treatments measured the effect of reduced pressure, low temperature, high desiccation, and intense ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on stratosphereisolated and ground-isolated B. subtilis strains. Environmental conditions were based on springtime data from a mid-latitude region of the lower stratosphere (20 km). Experimentally, each treatment consisted of the following independent or combined conditions: -70 &deg;C, 56 mb, 10-12%relative humidity and 0.00421, 5.11, and 54.64 W/m<sup>2</sup> of UVC (200-280 nm), UVB (280-315 nm), UVA (315-400 nm), respectively. Bacteria were deposited on metal coupon surfaces in monolayers of ~1 x 10<sup>6</sup> spores and prepared with palagonite (particle size&lt; 20 &mu;m). After 6 h of exposure to the stratosphere environment, 99.9% of B. subtilis spores were killed due to UV irradiation. In contrast, temperature, desiccation, and pressure simulations without UV had no effect on spore viability up through 96 h. There were no differences in survival between the stratosphere-isolated versus ground-isolated B. subtilis strains. Inactivation of most bacteria in our simulation indicates that the stratosphere can be a critical barrier to long-distance microbial dispersal and that survival in the upper atmosphere may be constrained by UV irradiation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Griffin, D.W., McPeters, R.D., Ward, P.D., and Schuerger, A.C., 2011, Microbial survival in the stratosphere and implications for global dispersal: Aerobiologia, v. 27, no. 4, p. 319-332, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5.","startPage":"319","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5660e4b0c8380cd6d55a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David J.","contributorId":76565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPeters, Richard D.","contributorId":77381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPeters","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ward, Peter D.","contributorId":10243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuerger, Andrew C.","contributorId":17444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuerger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044955,"text":"70044955 - 2011 - Monitoring soil geochemistry in the urban environment: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005 in Denver, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:26:45.63893","indexId":"70044955","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Monitoring soil geochemistry in the urban environment: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005 in Denver, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available","conferenceTitle":"Environmental Measurement Symposium","conferenceDate":"2011-08-18T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Bellevue","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Ellefsen, K.J., Garrett, R.G., and Closs, L.G., 2011, Monitoring soil geochemistry in the urban environment: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005 in Denver, Colorado, 23 slides.","productDescription":"23 slides","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031390","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nemc.us/docs/2011/presentations/Presentation-SmithD-Monitoring-Geochemical-8-18-11-Thu-PM-2%20[Compatibility%20Mode].pdf"},{"id":271368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.569000,39.493444 ], [ -105.569000,40.108538 ], [ -104.567871,40.108538 ], [ -104.567871,39.493444 ], [ -105.569000,39.493444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765beae4b0f989f99e0103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":476510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, Ronald G.","contributorId":34947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Closs, L. Graham","contributorId":89236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Closs","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039061,"text":"70039061 - 2010 - Stratospheric microbiology at 20 km over the Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T21:29:44","indexId":"70039061","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:14:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratospheric microbiology at 20 km over the Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"An aerobiology sampling flight at 20 km was conducted on 28 April 2008 over the Pacific Ocean (36.5&deg; N, 118&ndash;149&deg; W), a period of time that coincided with the movement of Asian dust across the ocean. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of viable bacteria and fungi within a transoceanic, atmospheric bridge and to improve the resolution of flight hardware processing techniques. Isolates of the microbial strains recovered were analyzed with ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing to identify bacterial species Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus endophyticus, and the fungal genus Penicillium. Satellite imagery and ground-based radiosonde observations were used to measure dust movement and characterize the high-altitude environment at the time of collection. Considering the atmospheric residency time (7&ndash;10 days), the extreme temperature regime of the environment (-75&deg;C), and the absence of a mechanism that could sustain particulates at high altitude, it is unlikely that our samples indicate a permanent, stratospheric ecosystem. However, the presence of viable fungi and bacteria in transoceanic stratosphere remains relevant to understanding the distribution and extent of microbial life on Earth.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10453-009-9141-7","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Griffin, D.W., and Schuerger, A.C., 2010, Stratospheric microbiology at 20 km over the Pacific Ocean: Aerobiologia, v. 26, no. 1, p. 35-46, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-009-9141-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":281,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center-Tallahassee","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-009-9141-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a58e4b08c986b31c8b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David J.","contributorId":76565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuerger, Andrew C.","contributorId":17444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuerger","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98801,"text":"ofr20101231 - 2010 - U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative-2009 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T14:03:47.167481","indexId":"ofr20101231","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1231","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative-2009 Annual Report","docAbstract":"This is the second report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual work activities. The first report described work activities for 2007 and 2008; this report covers work activities conducted in 2009. Important differences between the two reports are that (1) this report does not lump all the Effectiveness Monitoring activities together as last year's report did, which will allow WLCI partners and other readers to fully appreciate the scope and accomplishments of those activities, and (2) this report does not include a comprehensive appendix of the background details for each work activity. In 2009, there were 29 ongoing or completed activities, and there were 5 new work activities conducted under the 5 original major multi-disciplinary science and technical assistance activities: (1) Baseline Synthesis; (2) Targeted Monitoring and Research; (3) Data and Information Management; (4) Integration and Coordination; and (5) Decisionmaking and Evaluation. New work included (1) developing a soil-quality index, (2) developing methods for assessing levels of and relationships between mercury and soil organic matter, and (3) ascertaining element source, mobility, and fate. Additionally, (4) remotely sensed imagery was used to assess vegetation as an indicator of soil condition and geology, and (5) an Integrated Assessment (IA) was initiated to synthesize what has been learned about WLCI systems to date, and to develop associated decision tools, maps, and a comprehensive report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101231","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Biewick, L.R., Blecker, S.W., Bristol, R.S., Carr, N.B., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Diffendorfer, J., Fedy, B., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S.S., Grauch, R.I., Holloway, J.M., Homer, C.G., Kauffman, M., Keinath, D., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., McDougal, R.R., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Montag, J., Nutt, C.J., Potter, C.J., Sawyer, H., Schell, S., Shafer, S.L., Smith, D., Stillings, L., Tuttle, M., and Wilson, A.B., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative-2009 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1231, ix, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101231.","productDescription":"ix, 105 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1231.jpg"},{"id":14212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1231/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,41 ], [ -111,43.5 ], [ -106.5,43.5 ], [ -106.5,41 ], [ -111,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd48ffe4b0b290850eecae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biewick, Laura R. 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cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Sawyer, Hall","contributorId":39930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Schell, Spencer 0000-0001-7732-1863 schells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1863","contributorId":3357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Spencer","email":"schells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L. 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":1684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}}
,{"id":70217565,"text":"70217565 - 2010 - Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T23:39:59.605592","indexId":"70217565","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T16:42:39","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array","docAbstract":"<p><span>To study horseshoe crab&nbsp;</span><i>Limulus polyphemus</i><span>&nbsp;spawning behavior and migration over a large-spatial extent (&gt;100 km), we arrayed fixed station radio receivers throughout Delaware Bay and deployed radio transmitters and archival tags on adult horseshoe crabs prior to their spawning season. We tagged and released 160 females and 60 males in 2004 and 217 females in 2005. The array covered approximately 140 km of shoreline. Recapture rates were &gt;70% with multi-year recaptures. We categorized adult age by carapace wear. Older females tended to spawn earlier in the season and more frequently than young females, but those tendencies were more apparent in 2004 when spawning overall occurred earlier than in 2005 when spawning was delayed possibly due to decreased water temperatures. Timing of initial spawning within a year was correlated with water temperature. After adjusting for day of first spring tide, the day of first spawning was 4 days earlier for every 1 degree (̊C) rise in mean daily water temperature in May. Seventy nine % of spawning occurred during nighttime high tides. Fifty five % of spawning occurred within 3 d of a spring tide, which was slightly higher than the 47% expected if spawning was uniformly distributed regardless of tidal cycle. Within the same spawning season, males and females were observed spawning or intertidally resting at more than one beach separated by &gt;5 km. Between years, most (77%) did not return to spawn at the same beach. Probability of stranding was strongly age dependent for males and females with older adults experiencing higher stranding rates. Horseshoe crabs staging in the shallow waters east of the channel spawned exclusively along the eastern (NJ) shoreline, but those staging west of the channel spawned throughout the bay. Overall, several insights emerged from the use of radio telemetry, which advances our understanding of horseshoe crab ecology and will be useful in conserving the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab population and habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.R., Brousseau, L.J., Mandt, M.T., and Millard, M.J., 2010, Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array: Current Zoology, v. 56, no. 5, p. 563-574, https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"574","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.6134033203125,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849853515625,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849853515625,\n              39.53370327008705\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6134033203125,\n              39.53370327008705\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6134033203125,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brousseau, L. J.","contributorId":24534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brousseau","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandt, Mary T.","contributorId":248260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandt","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Millard, Michael J.","contributorId":23411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98685,"text":"ofr20101162 - 2010 - Analytical results for municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1162","title":"Analytical results for municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2009","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver, a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colo., has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of nonirrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colo., U.S.A. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey began monitoring groundwater at part of this site. In 1999, the Survey began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications to water, soil, and vegetation. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through the end of 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock groundwater, and stream-bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream-bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water effects. This report presents analytical results for the biosolids samples collected at the Metro District wastewater treatment plant in Denver and analyzed for 2009.\r\n\r\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of nine trace elements ('priority analytes') (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, or (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied.\r\n\r\nPrevious analytical results indicate that the elemental composition of biosolids from the Denver plant was consistent during 1999-2008, and this consistency continues with the samples for 2009. Total concentrations of regulated trace elements remain consistently lower than the regulatory limits for the entire monitoring period. Concentrations of none of the priority analytes appear to have increased during the 11 years of this study.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101162","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., Yager, T.J., Berry, C., and Adams, M.G., 2010, Analytical results for municipal biosolids samples from a monitoring program near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1162, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101162.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1162.jpg"},{"id":14091,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c91f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, T. J. B.","contributorId":77256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, C. J.","contributorId":52680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, M. G.","contributorId":84812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98658,"text":"ds520 - 2010 - Geochemical data for Colorado soils: Results from the 2006 state-scale geochemical survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:27:59.165791","indexId":"ds520","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"520","title":"Geochemical data for Colorado soils: Results from the 2006 state-scale geochemical survey","docAbstract":"In 2006, soil samples were collected at 960 sites (1 site per 280 square kilometers) throughout the state of Colorado. These samples were collected from a depth of 0-15 centimeters and, following a near-total multi-acid digestion, were analyzed for a suite of more than 40 major and trace elements. The resulting data set provides a baseline for the natural variation in soil geochemistry for Colorado and forms the basis for detecting changes in soil composition that might result from natural processes or anthropogenic activities. This report describes the sampling and analytical protocols used and makes available all the soil geochemical data generated in the study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds520","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Ellefsen, K.J., and Kilburn, J.E., 2010, Geochemical data for Colorado soils: Results from the 2006 state-scale geochemical survey: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 520, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds520.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14061,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/520/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":391586,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93930.htm"},{"id":116005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_520.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0444,37 ], [ -109.0444,41 ], [ -102.0419,41 ], [ -102.0419,37 ], [ -109.0444,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae50c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":306046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilburn, James E.","contributorId":40189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70217567,"text":"70217567 - 2010 - Structured decision-making and rapid prototyping to plan a management response to an invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T23:50:41.15525","indexId":"70217567","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-11T17:42:45","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structured decision-making and rapid prototyping to plan a management response to an invasive species","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed components of a decision structure that could be used in an adaptive management framework for responding to invasion of hemlock woolly adelgid&nbsp;</span><i>Adeleges tsugae</i><span>&nbsp;on the Cumberland Plateau of northern Tennessee. Hemlock woolly adelgid, an invasive forest pest, was first detected in this area in 2007. We used a structured decision-making process to identify and refine the management problem, objectives, and alternative management actions, and to assess consequences and tradeoffs among selected management alternatives. We identified four fundamental objectives: 1) conserve the aquatic and terrestrial riparian conservation targets, 2) protect and preserve hemlock, 3) develop and maintain adequate budget, and 4) address public concerns. We designed two prototype responses using an iterative process. By rapidly prototyping a first solution, insights were gained and shortcomings were identified, and some of these shortcomings were incorporated and corrected in the second prototype. We found that objectives were best met when management focused on early treatment of lightly to moderately infested but relatively healthy hemlock stands with biological control agent predator beetles and insect-killing fungi. Also, depending on the cost constraint, early treatment should be coupled with silvicultural management of moderately to severely infested and declining hemlock stands to accelerate conversion to nonhemlock mature forest cover. The two most valuable contributions of the structured decision-making process were 1) clarification and expansion of our objectives, and 2) application of tools to assess tradeoffs and predict consequences of alternative actions. Predicting consequences allowed us to evaluate the influence of uncertainty on the decision. For example, we found that the expected number of mature forest stands over 30&nbsp;y would be increased by 4% by resolving the uncertainty regarding predator beetle effectiveness. The adaptive management framework requires further development including identifying and evaluating uncertainty, formalizing other competing predictive models, designing a monitoring program to update the predictive models, developing a process for re-evaluating the predictive models and incorporating new management technologies, and generating support for planning and implementation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-025","usgsCitation":"Blomquist, S.M., Johnson, T.D., Smith, D.R., Call, G.P., Miller, B.N., Thurman, W.M., McFadden, J.E., Parkin, M.J., and Bloomer, G.S., 2010, Structured decision-making and rapid prototyping to plan a management response to an invasive species: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 1, no. 1, p. 19-32, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blomquist, S. 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Mark","contributorId":248264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McFadden, Jamie E.","contributorId":248265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parkin, Mary J.","contributorId":49671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkin","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bloomer, G. Scott","contributorId":248266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloomer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":98415,"text":"ds510 - 2010 - Soil geochemical data for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative study area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T14:05:26.739767","indexId":"ds510","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"510","title":"Soil geochemical data for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative study area","docAbstract":"In 2008, soil samples were collected at 139 sites throughout the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative study area in southwest Wyoming. These samples, representing a density of 1 site per 440 square kilometers, were collected from a depth of 0-5 cm and analyzed for a suite of more than 40 major and trace elements following a near-total multi-acid extraction. In addition, soil pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total and organic carbon, and sodium adsorption ratio were determined. The resulting data set provides a baseline for detecting changes in soil composition that might result from natural processes or anthropogenic activities. This report describes the sampling and analytical protocols used, and makes available all the soil geochemical data generated in the study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds510","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Ellefsen, K.J., 2010, Soil geochemical data for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative study area: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 510, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds510.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_510.jpg"},{"id":13667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/510/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,41 ], [ -111,43.5 ], [ -106.5,43.5 ], [ -106.5,41 ], [ -111,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db619ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":305240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217568,"text":"70217568 - 2010 - Efficient estimators for adaptive stratified sequential sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T23:55:14.353079","indexId":"70217568","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-08T17:52:06","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2463,"text":"Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficient estimators for adaptive stratified sequential sampling","docAbstract":"<p><span>In stratified sampling, methods for the allocation of effort among strata usually rely on some measure of within-stratum variance. If we do not have enough information about these variances, adaptive allocation can be used. In adaptive allocation designs, surveys are conducted in two phases. Information from the first phase is used to allocate the remaining units among the strata in the second phase. Brown&nbsp;</span><i>et al</i><span>. [</span><i>Adaptive two-stage sequential sampling</i><span>, Popul. Ecol. 50 (2008), pp. 239–245] introduced an adaptive allocation sampling design – where the final sample size was random – and an unbiased estimator. Here, we derive an unbiased variance estimator for the design, and consider a related design where the final sample size is fixed. Having a fixed final sample size can make survey-planning easier. We introduce a biased Horvitz–Thompson type estimator and a biased sample mean type estimator for the sampling designs. We conduct two simulation studies on honey producers in Kurdistan and synthetic zirconium distribution in a region on the moon. Results show that the introduced estimators are more efficient than the available estimators for both variable and fixed sample size designs, and the conventional unbiased estimator of stratified simple random sampling design. In order to evaluate efficiencies of the introduced designs and their estimator furthermore, we first review some well-known adaptive allocation designs and compare their estimator with the introduced estimators. Simulation results show that the introduced estimators are more efficient than available estimators of these well-known adaptive allocation designs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00949650903005664","usgsCitation":"Salehi, M., Moradi, M., Brown, J., and Smith, D.R., 2010, Efficient estimators for adaptive stratified sequential sampling: Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, v. 80, no. 10, p. 1163-1179, https://doi.org/10.1080/00949650903005664.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1179","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salehi, M.","contributorId":94483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salehi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moradi, M.","contributorId":69376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moradi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jennifer 0000-0003-3137-7073 jenniferbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-7073","contributorId":181793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenniferbrown@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046624,"text":"70046624 - 2009 - Preliminary results of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, northeast United States and Maritime Provinces of Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:31:26.670356","indexId":"70046624","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary results of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, northeast United States and Maritime Provinces of Canada","docAbstract":"The results of a soil geochemical survey of the Canadian Maritime provinces and the northeast states of the United States are described. The data presented are for the <2-mm fraction of the surface layer (0-5 cm depth) and C horizons of the soil. Elemental determinations were made by ICP-MS following two digestions, aqua regia (partial dissolution) and a strong 4-acid mixture (near-total dissolution). The preliminary results show that Hg and Pb exhibit elevated abundances in the surface layer, while As and Ni exhibit abundances that can be attributed to the geological provenance of the soil parent materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Association of Applied Geochemists","publisherLocation":"Nepean, ON","usgsCitation":"Grunsky, E.C., Smith, D., Friske, P.W., and Woodruff, L.G., 2009, Preliminary results of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, northeast United States and Maritime Provinces of Canada, <i>in</i> 24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium, v. 2, p. 729-732.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"732","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.appliedgeochemists.org/images/stories/IAGS_2009/24th_IAGS_Abstracts_Vol2_revised_North_American_Geochem_Landscapes.pdf"},{"id":273829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff4e4b0ee1529ed3d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grunsky, Eric C.","contributorId":53679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grunsky","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friske, Peter W.B.","contributorId":81002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friske","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043443,"text":"70043443 - 2009 - An incomplete analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-19T10:37:22","indexId":"70043443","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An incomplete analysis","docAbstract":"Niles and colleagues (2009) do not present all of the data relevant to the issues they address in the article they wrote for BioScience. They reference unnamed sources for pre-1997 horseshoe crab harvest to conclude that recent harvest exceeds historic harvest. In fact, reported landings from New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia in 2006 (352 metric tons [mt]) were between landings in 1989 (365 mt) and 1990 (232 mt) (www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/inaex.html), despite nonmandatory reporting coastwide before 1998 (Kreamer and Michels 2009). They present egg densities from New Jersey beaches only. Of the 11 Delaware beaches sampled, eggs in the top 5 centimeters exceeded their monitoring target of 50,000 per square meter at 5 in 2006 and at 6 in 2007 (Kalasz et al. 2008). They rely on the Delaware trawl survey for historic trends. Nine fishery-independent surveys have been used to assess trends in the Delaware Bay region, and several began before 1990 (Smith et al. 2009a).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.20","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Hallerman, E.M., Millard, M.J., Sweka, J.A., and Weber, R.G., 2009, An incomplete analysis: BioScience, v. 59, no. 7, p. 541-541, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.20.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"541","ipdsId":"IP-012363","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.20","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273998,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.20"}],"volume":"59","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2d2dfe4b08857aac4238b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallerman, Eric M.","contributorId":40501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallerman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millard, Michael J.","contributorId":23411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweka, John A.","contributorId":80945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweka","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, Richard G.","contributorId":66995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97885,"text":"ofr20091201 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2008 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:29:41.401681","indexId":"ofr20091201","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1201","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2008 Annual Report","docAbstract":"The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) was launched in 2007 in response to concerns about threats to the State's world class wildlife resources, especially the threat posed by rapidly increasing energy development in southwest Wyoming. The overriding purpose of the WLCI is to assess and enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitats at a landscape scale, while facilitating responsible energy and other types of development. The WLCI includes partners from Federal, State, and local agencies, with participation from public and private entities, industry, and landowners. As a principal WLCI partner, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides multidisciplinary scientific and technical support to inform decisionmaking in the WLCI. To address WLCI management needs, USGS has designed and implemented five integrated work activities: (1) Baseline Synthesis, (2) Targeted Monitoring and Research, (3) Integration and Coordination, (4) Data and Information Management, and (5) Decisionmaking and Evaluation. Ongoing information management of data and products acquired or generated through the integrated work activities will ensure that crucial scientific information is available to partners and stakeholders in a readily accessible and useable format for decisionmaking and evaluation. Significant progress towards WLCI goals has been achieved in many Science and Technical Assistance tasks of the work activities. Available data were identified, acquired, compiled, and integrated into a comprehensive database for use by WLCI partners and to support USGS science activities. A Web-based platform for sharing these data and products has been developed and is already in use. Numerous map products have been completed and made available to WLCI partners, and other products are in progress. Initial conceptual, habitat, and climate change models have been developed or refined. Monitoring designs for terrestrial and aquatic indicators have been completed, pilot data have been collected for terrestrial indicators, and evaluations of alternative monitoring designs are underway. Initial models and map products have been developed for assessing vegetation, surface disturbance, oil and gas resources, mineral resources, surficial geology, invasive species, aspen treatments, ungulate migration corridors, greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis), and songbirds, and data were collected or compiled to validate and refine the models. Coordination and collaboration among partners has led to the production of several documents addressing WLCI objectives, strategies, and guiding principles, and has facilitated implementation of on-the-ground habitat treatments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091201","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Baer, L.A., Bristol, R.S., Carr, N.B., Chong, G.W., Diffendorfer, J.E., Fedy, B.C., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Grauch, R.I., Homer, C.G., Manier, D.J., Kauffman, M., Latysh, N., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Montag, J., Nutt, C.J., Potter, C., Sawyer, H., Smith, D., Sweat, M.J., and Wilson, A.B., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2008 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1201, xi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091201.","productDescription":"xi, 83 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1201.jpg"},{"id":13060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,41 ], [ -111,43.5 ], [ -107,43.5 ], [ -107,41 ], [ -111,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db619cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baer, Lori Anne 0000-0003-1908-979X labaer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1908-979X","contributorId":4429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer","given":"Lori","email":"labaer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bristol, R. 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0000-0003-0149-3962 nlatysh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-3962","contributorId":1356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"Natalie","email":"nlatysh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Miller, Kirk A. 0000-0002-8141-2001 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mjsweat@usgs.gov","contributorId":356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"Michael","email":"mjsweat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}}
,{"id":70140566,"text":"70140566 - 2009 - Geochemical studies of North American soils: results from the pilot study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:30:20.68836","indexId":"70140566","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical studies of North American soils: results from the pilot study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.006","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 2009, Geochemical studies of North American soils: results from the pilot study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1355-1356, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.006.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1355","endPage":"1356","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ba8e4b08de9379b3466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97613,"text":"ofr20091111 - 2009 - Analytical Results for Agricultural Soils Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr20091111","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1111","title":"Analytical Results for Agricultural Soils Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA)","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District, MWRD), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colorado, has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of nonirrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colorado, USA. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring groundwater at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications to water, soil, and vegetation. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock groundwater, and stream bed sediment. Soils for this study were defined as the plow zone of the dry land agricultural fields - the top twelve inches of the soil column. This report presents analytical results for the soil samples collected at the Metro District farm land near Deer Trail, Colorado, during three separate sampling events during 1999, 2000, and 2002. Soil samples taken in 1999 were to be a representation of the original baseline of the agricultural soils prior to any biosolids application. The soil samples taken in 2000 represent the soils after one application of biosolids to the middle field at each site and those taken in 2002 represent the soils after two applications. There have been no biosolids applied to any of the four control fields. The next soil sampling is scheduled for the spring of 2010.\r\n\r\nPriority parameters for biosolids identified by the stakeholders and also regulated by Colorado when used as an agricultural soil amendment include the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity (Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division, 1997; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment,1998; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993). Since these were the identified priority parameters for the biosolids, the soils have the same set of priority parameters. Although the composite soils' priority analytes have been reported earlier to Metro District, the remaining elemental datasets for both the composite soils samples and selected fields' individual subsamples' data are presented here for the first time. More information about the other monitoring components is presented elsewhere in the literature (http://co.water.usgs.gov/projects/CO406/CO406.html).\r\n\r\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of priority parameters (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, and(or) (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied.\r\n\r\nThe method chosen for sampling the soils proved to be an efficient and reliable representation of the average composition of each field. This was shown by analyzing individual subsamples, averaging the resulting values, and then comparing the values to the composited samples' values. The soil chemistry shows distinct differences between the two sites, most likely due to the different underlying parent material.\r\n\r\nBiosolids data were used to compile an inorganic-chemical biosolids signature that can be contrasted with the geochemical signature of the agricultural soils for this site. The biosolids signature and an understanding of the geology and hydrology of the site can be used to separate biosolids effects from natural geochemical effects. Elements of particular interest for a biosolids signature after application in the soils include bismuth, copper, silver, mercury, and phosphorus. This signat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091111","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., and Yager, T.J., 2009, Analytical Results for Agricultural Soils Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1111, iv, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091111.","productDescription":"iv, 147 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, T. J. B.","contributorId":77256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97525,"text":"ofr20091090 - 2009 - Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091090","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1090","title":"Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2008","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colo., has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of nonirrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colo. (U.S.A.). In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring groundwater at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications to water, soil, and vegetation. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock groundwater, and stream-bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream-bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water effects. This report will present only analytical results for the biosolids samples collected at the Metro District wastewater treatment plant in Denver and analyzed during 2008. Crock and others have presented earlier a compilation of analytical results for the biosolids samples collected and analyzed for 1999 thru 2006, and in a separate report, data for the 2007 biosolids are reported. More information about the other monitoring components is presented elsewhere in the literature. Priority parameters for biosolids identified by the stakeholders and also regulated by Colorado when used as an agricultural soil amendment include the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity. Nitrogen and chromium also were priority parameters for groundwater and sediment components.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091090","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., Yager, T.J., Berry, C., and Adams, M.G., 2009, Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1090, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091090.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f59c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, T. J. B.","contributorId":77256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, C. J.","contributorId":52680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, M. G.","contributorId":84812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97336,"text":"ds379 - 2009 - Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:30:53.902352","indexId":"ds379","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"379","title":"Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006","docAbstract":"From 2004 through 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey monitored the chemical composition of biosolids, crops, dust, and ground water related to biosolids applications near Deer Trail, Colorado, in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District. This monitoring effort was a continuation of the monitoring program begun in 1999 in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District and the North Kiowa Bijou Groundwater Management District. The monitoring program addresses concerns from the public about the chemical effects from applications of biosolids to farmland in the Deer Trail, Colorado, area. This report presents chemical data from 2004 through 2006 for biosolids, crops, and alluvial and bedrock ground water. The chemical data include the constituents of highest concern to the public (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc, and plutonium) in addition to many other constituents. The ground-water section also includes climate and water-level data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds379","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Smith, D., and Crock, J.G., 2009, Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 379, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds379.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3be4b07f02db61ec92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036458,"text":"70036458 - 2009 - Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate","docAbstract":"Quantitative mineralogy correlates with major-, minor- and trace-element chemistry for 387 samples of A-horizon and deeper soils collected from east-west and north-south transects across the USA and Canada, where the deeper soils were collected beneath the A-horizon samples. Concentrations of the major elements correlate with specific mineral phases. Minor- and trace-element concentrations correlate with the same phases as the major elements with which they share similar geochemical behavior. Concentrations of quartz and feldspar correlate with precipitation trends east of the Rocky Mountains, and are independent of the underlying rock type and age, indicating that the weathering of soils in this region may have reached a steady-state mineralogy. Other trends in mineralogy relate to physiographic province. The combination of quantitative mineralogy and chemical analysis yields a much richer portrait of soils than can be gained from chemistry alone, because the origins of chemical trends and the chemical availability of specific elements are related to mineralogy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., and Smith, D.B., 2009, Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1394-1404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010.","startPage":"1394","endPage":"1404","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218413,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ad8e4b0c8380cd6f17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036888,"text":"70036888 - 2009 - Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"In vitro bioaccessibility tests (IVBA) are inexpensive, physiologically-based extraction tests designed to estimate the bioaccessibility of elements along ingestion exposure pathways. Published IVBA protocols call for the testing to be done on the <250-??m fraction of soil, as these particles are most likely to adhere to the hands of children and be ingested. Most IVBA in the literature to date have been applied to soil samples from highly contaminated sites or to spiked samples, and relatively little work has been done to evaluate bioaccessibility of elements in a wide variety of uncontaminated 'background' soils. In 2004, the US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled soils along north-south and east-west transects across the two countries to test and refine sampling and analytical protocols recommended for the planned soil geochemical survey of North America. Samples were collected at 220 sites selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals. The focus of the investigation presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to begin to examine variations in bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in a number of 'background' (i.e., unpolluted) soils from around North America and (2) to determine if there are significant differences that would preclude using the standard size fraction of <2 mm for extraction with a simulated gastric fluid as an expeditious and inexpensive bioaccessibility screening tool for the large numbers of future samples to be collected by this continental-scale project. A subset of 20 soil samples collected along the north-south transect at a depth of 0-5 cm was used for this study. Two separate size fractions (<2 mm and <250 ??m) were extracted using a simulated human gastric fluid consisting of a solution of HCl and glycine adjusted to a pH of 1.5. In general, the leachate results for the <2-mm size fraction were not substantially different than those for the <250-??m size fraction for concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. Leachate concentrations for Cd, Ni and Pb appear to be controlled to some extent by the total concentration of the element in soil. Bioaccessibility of the elements in this study decreased in the order, Cd > Pb > Ni > As > Cr.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Morman, S., Plumlee, G., and Smith, D.B., 2009, Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1454-1463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015.","startPage":"1454","endPage":"1463","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015"},{"id":245619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca4e4b0c8380cd493d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morman, S.A.","contributorId":74982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043411,"text":"70043411 - 2009 - Comparative status and assessment of <i>Limulus polyphemus</i> with emphasis on the New England and Delaware Bay populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T11:36:50","indexId":"70043411","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Comparative status and assessment of <i>Limulus polyphemus</i> with emphasis on the New England and Delaware Bay populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increases in harvest of the American horseshoe crab (</span><i>Limulus polyphemus</i><span>) during the 1990s, particularly for whelk bait, coupled with decreases in species that depend on their eggs has reduced horseshoe crab abundance, threatened their ecological relationships, and dictated precautionary management of the horseshoe crab resource. Accordingly, population assessments and monitoring programs have been developed throughout much of the horseshoe crab&rsquo;s range. We review and discuss implications for several recent assessments of Delaware Bay and New England populations and a meta-analysis of region-specific trends. These assessments show that the western Atlantic distribution of the horseshoe crab is comprised of regional or estuarine-specific meta-populations, which exhibit distinct population dynamics and require management as separate units. Modeling of Delaware Bay and Cape Cod populations confirmed that overharvest caused declines, but indicated that some harvest levels are sustainable and consistent with population growth. Coast-wide harvest was reduced by 70% from 1998 to 2006, with the greatest reductions within Delaware Bay states. Harvest regulations in Delaware Bay starting in the late 1990s, such as harvest quotas, seasonal closures, male-only harvest, voluntary use of bait-saving devices, and establishment of the Carl N. Shuster Jr. Horseshoe&nbsp;</span>Crab<span>&nbsp;Reserve, were followed by stabilization and recent evidence of increase in abundance of horseshoe crabs in the region. However, decreased harvest of the Delaware Bay population has redirected harvest to outlying populations, particularly in&nbsp;</span>New York and New England<span>. While the recent Delaware Bay assessments indicate positive population growth, increased harvest elsewhere is believed to be unsustainable. Two important considerations for future assessments include (1) managing Delaware Bay horseshoe crab populations within a multi-species context, for example, to help support migratory shorebirds and (2) anticipating the potential for harvest restrictions within Delaware Bay to redirect harvest onto outlying populations that cannot sustain the increased harvest.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-89959-6_23","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Millard, M.J., and Carmichael, R.H., 2009, Comparative status and assessment of <i>Limulus polyphemus</i> with emphasis on the New England and Delaware Bay populations, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs, v. Part II, p. 361-386, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89959-6_23.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-005350","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.55,38.57 ], [ -75.55,47.46 ], [ -66.89,47.46 ], [ -66.89,38.57 ], [ -75.55,38.57 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"Part II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51751746e4b074c2b055649f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millard, Michael J.","contributorId":23411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carmichael, Ruth H.","contributorId":23420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carmichael","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036827,"text":"70036827 - 2009 - Pilot studies for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project - Site selection, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality control protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036827","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pilot studies for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project - Site selection, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality control protocols","docAbstract":"In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled and chemically analyzed soils along two transects across Canada and the USA in preparation for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America. This effort was a pilot study to test and refine sampling protocols, analytical methods, quality control protocols, and field logistics for the continental survey. A total of 220 sample sites were selected at approximately 40-km intervals along the two transects. The ideal sampling protocol at each site called for a sample from a depth of 0-5 cm and a composite of each of the O, A, and C horizons. The &lt;2-mm fraction of each sample was analyzed for Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO<sub>3</sub>, HClO<sub>4</sub>, and HF. Separate methods were used for Hg, Se, total C, and carbonate-C on this same size fraction. Only Ag, In, and Te had a large percentage of concentrations below the detection limit. Quality control (QC) of the analyses was monitored at three levels: the laboratory performing the analysis, the USGS QC officer, and the principal investigator for the study. This level of review resulted in an average of one QC sample for every 20 field samples, which proved to be minimally adequate for such a large-scale survey. Additional QC samples should be added to monitor within-batch quality to the extent that no more than 10 samples are analyzed between a QC sample. Only Cr (77%), Y (82%), and Sb (80%) fell outside the acceptable limits of accuracy (% recovery between 85 and 115%) because of likely residence in mineral phases resistant to the acid digestion. A separate sample of 0-5-cm material was collected at each site for determination of organic compounds. A subset of 73 of these samples was analyzed for a suite of 19 organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography. Only three of these samples had detectable pesticide concentrations. A separate sample of A-horizon soil was collected for microbial characterization by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), soil enzyme assays, and determination of selected human and agricultural pathogens. Collection, preservation and analysis of samples for both organic compounds and microbial characterization add a great degree of complication to the sampling and preservation protocols and a significant increase to the cost for a continental-scale survey. Both these issues must be considered carefully prior to adopting these parameters as part of the soil geochemical survey of North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.008","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Woodruff, L.G., O’Leary, R.M., Cannon, W., Garrett, R.G., Kilburn, J., and Goldhaber, M., 2009, Pilot studies for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project - Site selection, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality control protocols: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1357-1368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.008.","startPage":"1357","endPage":"1368","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.008"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b62e4b0c8380cd793fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036994,"text":"70036994 - 2009 - Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T10:26:56","indexId":"70036994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) initiated a pilot study that involved collection of more than 1500 soil samples from 221 sites along two continental transects across Canada and the United States. The pilot study was designed to test and refine protocols for a soil geochemical survey of North America. The two transects crossed a wide array of soil parent materials, soil ages, climatic conditions, landforms, land covers and land uses. Sample sites were selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals from a population defined as all soils of the continent. At each site, soils representing 0 to 5 cm depth, and the O, A, and C horizons, if present, were collected and analyzed for their near-total content of over 40 major and trace elements. Soils from 0–5 cm depth were also collected for analysis of organic compounds. Results from the transects confirm that soil samples collected at a 40-km spacing reveal coherent, continental- to subcontinental-scale geochemical and mineralogical patterns that can be correlated to aspects of underlying soil parent material, soil age and climate influence. The geochemical data also demonstrate that at the continental-scale the dominance of any of these major factors that control soil geochemistry can change across the landscape. Along both transects, soil mineralogy and geochemistry change abruptly with changes in soil parent materials. However, the chemical influence of a soil’s parent material can be obscured by changing climatic conditions. For the transects, increasing precipitation from west to east and increasing temperature from north to south affect both soil mineralogy and geochemistry because of climate effects on soil weathering and leaching, and plant productivity. Regional anomalous metal concentrations can be linked to natural variations in soil parent materials, such as high Ni and Cr in soils developed on ultramafic rocks in California or high P in soils formed on weathered Ordovician limestones in central Kentucky. On local scales, anomalous metal concentrations recognized in soil profiles, such as high P in soils from animal confinement sites, are consistent with local anthropogenic disturbances. At a larger scale, the distribution of Hg across the west to east transect demonstrates that it can be difficult to distinguish between natural or anthropogenic contributions and that many factors can contribute to an element’s spatial distribution.\n\nOnly three samples in a subset of seventy-three 0–5 cm depth soil samples from the north to south transect had organochlorine pesticides values above the method detection limit, apparently related to historic usage of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W., Eberl, D.D., Smith, D.B., Kilburn, J., Horton, J., Garrett, R.G., and Klassen, R., 2009, Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1369-1381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1381","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009"},{"id":245475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,83.1 ], [ -52.6,83.1 ], [ -52.6,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa51e4b0c8380cd4da45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, L. 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