The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation, developed peak-, mean-, and low-streamflow regional-regression equations for estimating various statistics for natural streamflow in hydrologic regions of central and western Colorado. The peak-streamflow regression equations were developed using data from 418 streamgages, consisting of 15,202 years of record and a mean of approximately 36 years of record per streamgage. The mean- and low-streamflow regional-regression equations were developed using data from 323 streamgages where daily streamflow data were collected year-round. The annual exceedance-probability discharges for each streamgage were computed using the USGS software program PeakFQ. Mean monthly and 7-day minimum and maximum streamflows were computed using the USGS software program SWToolbox. Streamflow-duration values were computed using an R script. The regional-regression equations were determined using data for the period of record for a given streamgage through water year 2019. Geographic information systems datasets were used to develop 55 basin and 42 climatic characteristics, which were evaluated as candidate explanatory variables in the regression analysis.
For the peak-streamflow regional-regression equations, the study area was divided into four hydrologic regions based on mean basin elevation, including the Plateau (less than 8,014 feet), Mid-Elevation (8,015 feet to 9,492 feet), Sub-Alpine (9,493 feet to 10,490 feet), and Alpine (greater than 10,490 feet) regions. For the peak-streamflow equations, the selection of basin and climatic characteristics was based on the 1-percent annual exceedance-probability discharge for each hydrologic region.
For the mean streamflow, streamflow-duration values, and 7-day minimum and maximum streamflows, the study area was divided into four hydrologic regions based on river basin, including the (1) Colorado-East Slope Headwaters, (2) Green River, (3) Rio Grande, and (4) San Juan-Dolores. For mean streamflows, basin and climatic characteristics were evaluated separately for the annual period and each month for each hydrologic region. Regional regression equations published in this report are available for use in the USGS web-based program StreamStats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Kohn, M.S., Mast, M.A., and Gross, T.A., 2026, Peak-, mean-, and low-streamflow regional-regression equations for natural streamflow in central and western Colorado, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5047, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255047.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140049","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503528,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255047/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5047"},{"id":503290,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5047/sir20255047_table1.2.csv","text":"Table 1.2","size":"16.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2025-5047 Table 2","linkHelpText":"Basin and climate characteristics evaluated for use in the peak-, mean-, and low-streamflow regional-regression equations in central and western Colorado, 2019"},{"id":503289,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5047/sir20255047_table1.1.csv","text":"Table 1.1","size":"72.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2025-5047 Table 1","linkHelpText":"Summary of the streamgages used in the regression analysis of natural streams in central and western Colorado, 2019"},{"id":503288,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5047/sir20255047.xml"},{"id":503287,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5047/images"},{"id":503286,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q5AMFV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Streamflow data and basin characteristics of natural streams in central and western Colorado, 2019"},{"id":503285,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5047/sir20255047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5047"},{"id":503284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5047/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225
Metallurgical coal (met coal; consumed to produce coke for steelmaking) must meet specific chemical and physical specifications. In 2023, the conterminous United States produced 66 million short tons (mst) of met coal, consumed 15.85 mst domestically, exported 51.1 mst, and imported 0.7 mst. Most met coal was produced in the Appalachian Basin, but there are also resources that meet the specifications for met coal in the Western United States.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Interest in nuclear power for the generation of electricity has risen with the increase in the need for more diverse baseload power, enhanced energy security, and the development of new technologies, such as small modular reactors (SMRs), which could provide power for remote areas, industrial applications, and artificial intelligence (AI) data centers. In 2024, the U.S. Department of Energy received $2.7 billion in congressional funding to bolster the domestic uranium production and nuclear fuel supply chain and address reliance on imports from foreign suppliers. In 2025, the U.S. Government issued several Executive and Secretary’s orders aimed at revitalizing the U.S. nuclear sector. If SMRs are to be as widely deployed in the United States and worldwide as envisioned, demand for uranium (nuclear reactor fuel) will likely increase.
After the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, the market spot price of uranium began a decline, followed by a decrease in U.S. and global uranium exploration and mine development expenditures that led to a uranium supply deficit until 2020, when prices started to recover, prompting a resurgence in uranium exploration and development. In January of 2024, the uranium spot price rose to a 17-year high $106 (U.S. dollars) per pound of U3O8 (triuranium oxide, commonly known as “yellowcake”), which is expected to increase uranium exploration, mine development, and uranium production domestically and worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253057","programNote":"Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Mihalasky, M.J., 2026, Uranium—Deposits, production and resources, market dynamics, and supply chain risks: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025-3057, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253057.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-183501","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503531,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119374.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":503325,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253057/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3057"},{"id":499486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3057/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":499488,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3057/fs20253057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3057"},{"id":503248,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3057/fs20253057.xml"},{"id":503247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3057/images"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.27895957198476,\n 82.71495374821887\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 82.71495374821887\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -58.79868573338722\n ],\n [\n -163.27895957198476,\n -58.79868573338722\n ],\n [\n -163.27895957198476,\n 82.71495374821887\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
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Restoration of salmon populations in the upper Lewis River Basin, Washington, depends on a trap-and-haul program owing to the Lewis River Hydroelectric Project (hereinafter referred to as “Project”) operated by PacifiCorp and Cowlitz Public Utilities District (hereinafter referred to as “Utilities”), which has been a barrier to salmon passage since the 1930s. Thus, sustaining the Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792; coho salmon) population upstream from the Project currently depends on two fundamental factors: (1) the collection of upstream migrating adult coho salmon at Merwin Dam, the lowermost dam within the Project, and transporting them by truck to spawn above Swift Dam, the uppermost dam within the Project; and (2) the collection of out-migrating juvenile coho salmon at the downstream collection facility at Swift Dam for transport and release below the Project. The reintroduction program began once the downstream collection facility at Swift Dam was commissioned in late 2012, with the first year of transport data being collected in 2013. Over the past decade, the Utilities have been collecting data on juvenile outmigrants and adult fish returns at the dams. The need to construct a lifecycle model for Lewis River anadromous fish was identified by the Lewis River Aquatic Technical Subgroup, with the understanding that many years (more than 15 years) of data collection are needed to adequately measure the lifecycle production of salmon. The U.S. Geological Survey was contracted to develop and apply the model to past data at the Lewis River dams to help inform future data collection and provide a framework that can be updated annually to measure trap-and-haul program performance within a lifecycle context.
Because coho salmon can live as long as 5 years, estimating demographic parameters for coho salmon populations over their lifecycle requires at least 10 or more years of data collection. Over the past decade, PacifiCorp has been collecting data on fish collection efficiency and the numbers of adult and juvenile salmon transported around the Lewis River dams, making this an ideal time to formulate a lifecycle model that can guide future data collection efforts and provide preliminary information to resource managers. The goal of the statistical lifecycle model is to estimate annual production and survival during two critical life-stage transitions: (1) the freshwater production from escapement of adults released upstream from Swift Dam, and the collection of downstream migrating juveniles at the downstream passage facility at Swift Dam; and (2) the smolt-to-adult survival from the time of collection at Swift Dam to their return as adults. We used the Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment model to estimate juvenile production from the number of spawners (Beverton and Holt, 1957). This approach allowed us to test for density dependence at current spawner abundances while estimating annual productivity, defined as the number of juveniles produced per spawner at low spawner abundance. Productivity was then expressed as a function of the number of juveniles collected and transported downstream from the Project. Because juvenile fish collection efficiency (FCE) directly affects the number of juveniles that survive to continue downstream migration, FCE is a primary determinant of fish production. Consequently, the modeling framework is well suited to evaluate the performance of trap-and-haul programs within a lifecycle context.
The objectives of this study were to (1) gather and collate available data on adult and juvenile coho salmon at Merwin and Swift Dams; (2) quantify adult escapement, juvenile abundance, and the age at outmigration and adult return; (3) describe, formulate and fit the integrated population model to the data; and (4) summarize our findings, identify data gaps, and identify opportunities for future studies that could improve model estimation and inference. Our key findings were: (1) over and above the number of spawning females, FCE was the primary factor affecting productivity of coho salmon above Swift Dam; (2) smolt-to-adult return (SAR) rates were relatively high considering that harvest was included in the estimate, averaging about 4.5 percent and ranging as high as 12.9 percent; and (3) juvenile capacity upstream from Swift Dam was difficult to estimate due to the limited range in spawning females over the time series of data, suggesting the model may be improved by collecting data at higher spawner abundances. In addition, by including FCE in the model, we estimated that the median pre-collection productivity, defined as the number of juveniles produced per spawner when FCE=1, was 64 juveniles per spawner. Because the two-stage lifecycle model partitions factors that affect fish production in rivers versus the ocean, the model estimates may help inform fishery managers about the overall role that fish collection at Swift Dam plays in the recovery and sustainability of Lewis River coho salmon. By providing the model with (1) more years of data, (2) higher numbers of spawning females, and (3) data on age at juvenile migration in relation to age at adult return, greater certainty in the estimates of capacity and SAR can be attained. Ultimately, information provided by the model may assist in the evaluation and continued improvement of the current trap-and-haul program to support anadromous fishes in the Lewis River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with PacifiCorp","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., and Perry, R.W., 2026, Development of a two-stage lifecycle model to inform the trap-and-haul program for Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) in the Lewis River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1004, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261004. [Supersedes preprint https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.30.651546.]","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-170103","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502781,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/ofr20261004.pdf","size":"5.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1004 PDF"},{"id":502782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261004/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1004 HTML"},{"id":502783,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/ofr20261004.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1004 XML"},{"id":502784,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lewis River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.99926718616892,\n 46.128547340095906\n ],\n [\n -122.8039992422735,\n 46.12907889994935\n ],\n [\n -122.80484882535518,\n 45.8612743686528\n ],\n [\n -122.00013863515652,\n 45.86266272702096\n ],\n [\n -121.99926718616892,\n 46.128547340095906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5501-A Cook Underwood Road
Cook, Washington 98605-9717
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 80.1 trillion cubic feet of shale gas in the Grand Erg/Ahnet Basin Province of Algeria.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263005","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Tennyson, M.E., Woodall, C.A., Finn, T.M., Le, P.A., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Pitman, J.K., Drake, R.M., II, and Gaswirth, S.B., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered shale-gas resources in the Grand Erg/Ahnet Basin Province of Algeria, 2026: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263005.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503311,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3005/images"},{"id":503212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3005/fs20263005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3005"},{"id":503324,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263005/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3005"},{"id":503312,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3005/fs20263005.xml"},{"id":503224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13BHMMZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Grand Erg/Ahnet Basin Province—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":503211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3005/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Algeria","otherGeospatial":"Grand Erg/Ahnet Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -6,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -6,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 6,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 6,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -6,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Body and caudal fin locomotion is ubiquitous in aquatic vertebrates, and kinematic models describing it are used in robotics, biomechanics and fisheries research. This paper presents a new algorithm to translate continuous body midlines of fish into a series of interconnected segments by identifying favorable joint positions along the body. The algorithm employs binary search to generate parsimonious kinematic models, aiming at minimizing the number of segments yet keeping approximation error below a user-defined threshold. To achieve this, the algorithm maximizes the length of each segment by determining the most distal joint position through repetitive shrinking of the search space. Theoretical and empirical analysis using two different datasets show that the binary search algorithm is substantially faster when compared to segment growing algorithm, which employs linear search to generate its models. There is four-fold improvement in computation time when generating models with less than 10 segments, which are typically sufficient to describe fish and fish-inspired robot movements. Furthermore, the multi-segment models generated by the binary search algorithm matched the ground truth models obtained through dynamic programming in over 97% of cases, and on average, contained one fewer segment than those produced by the Ramer–Douglas–Peucker algorithm, which is widely used in curvature simplification tasks. Our findings suggest that the binary search algorithm provides a computationally efficient approach for generating compact kinematic models and may facilitate the analysis of large datasets with high temporal and spatial resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2026.111789","usgsCitation":"Sterling, R.M., Goerig, E.M., Buzdalov, M., Castro-Santos, T., and Akanyeti, O., 2026, Fish body midline segmentation using binary search: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, v. 248, 111789, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111789.","productDescription":"111789, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171912","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111789","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sterling, Robert M.H.","contributorId":370360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sterling","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"M.H.","affiliations":[{"id":16758,"text":"Aberystwyth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goerig, Elsa Marie-Catherine 0000-0003-1430-4657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-4657","contributorId":370312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerig","given":"Elsa","middleInitial":"Marie-Catherine","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buzdalov, M","contributorId":370313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buzdalov","given":"M","affiliations":[{"id":16758,"text":"Aberystwyth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore 0000-0003-2575-9120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":315433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Akanyeti, O.","contributorId":269927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Akanyeti","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16758,"text":"Aberystwyth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275228,"text":"70275228 - 2026 - Spatial heterogeneity of salt marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise: Dual controls of hydrological setting and salinity regime","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T14:59:21.164096","indexId":"70275228","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-22T09:50:01","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of salt marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise: Dual controls of hydrological setting and salinity regime","docAbstract":"Salt marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise (SLR) is typically assessed using point measurements of vertical accretion, neglecting three-dimensionality of geomorphic evolution and spatial variability. Recent studies suggest links between vertical and horizontal vulnerability, with differences between oligohaline and polyhaline marshes, yet these relationships remain untested in estuary-marsh systems. Here we combine geospatial analysis with hydrodynamic modeling to evaluate how unvegetated/vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR), a metric of marsh degradation, relates to elevation across hydrological regions and salinity regimes in the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System, the largest lagoonal estuary in U.S. We show that at given normalized elevation, UVVR decreases across hydrological regions and salinity regimes from offshore to inland. UVVR-elevation relationship varies systematically with both hydrological setting and salinity regime, with hydrology exerting stronger influence. These findings challenge the assumption of a universal marsh deterioration trajectory and underscore the need to account for spatial heterogeneity when predicting responses to SLR.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL119461","usgsCitation":"Yin, D., Defne, Z., Ganju, N., Warner, J., Ralston, D.K., Harris, C.K., and Li, B., 2026, Spatial heterogeneity of salt marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise: Dual controls of hydrological setting and salinity regime: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 53, no. 8, e2025GL119461, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL119461.","productDescription":"e2025GL119461, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183090","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle‐Pamlico Estuarine System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5,\n 36.692983362167894\n ],\n [\n -75.19410206255961,\n 36.692983362167894\n ],\n [\n -75.19410206255961,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 36.692983362167894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Dongxiao","contributorId":294535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Defne, Zafer 0000-0003-4544-4310 zdefne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4310","contributorId":5520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defne","given":"Zafer","email":"zdefne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":202878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ralston, David K.","contributorId":370316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralston","given":"David","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":370317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Bin","contributorId":47684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Bin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275144,"text":"tm5E1 - 2026 - Standardized method for logging drill core at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T14:52:03.318781","indexId":"tm5E1","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-21T09:10:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-E1","displayTitle":"Standardized Method for Logging Drill Core at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","title":"Standardized method for logging drill core at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Lithologic Core Storage Library (CSL) at the Idaho National Laboratory stores more than 120,000 feet of drill core that is accessible to the public for research and sampling. To effectively convey the physical and descriptive properties of the drill core, USGS staff at the Idaho National Laboratory Project Office log the drill core and publish the lithologic logs as data releases. The logs provide essential data on the lithology, texture, mineralogy, alteration, and other physical properties of the core, which serve as valuable information for researchers to guide their research and sampling efforts. To ensure consistent, quality, and dependable lithologic logs, this document outlines the procedures and expectations for logging drill core at the CSL. This document describes the processes for storing, photographing, and logging core, and includes a variety of resources, reference materials, and appendixes designed to standardize and aid the logging process. Following the procedures outlined in this document will produce consistent, detailed logs that facilitate dependable observations and serve as an easy reference for researchers and other interested parties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5E1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Dietz, H., 2026, Standardized method for logging drill core at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chapter E1, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5E1.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 54 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-159218","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502933,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/e1/images/"},{"id":502932,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/e1/tm5e1.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"TM 5-E1 XML"},{"id":502931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm5E1/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"TM 5-E1 HTML"},{"id":502930,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/e1/tm5e1.pdf","size":"5.49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 5-E1 PDF"},{"id":502929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/e1/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":503257,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/e1/tm5e1_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"57 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Digital Logbook"},{"id":503266,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/e1/tm5e1_appendix1_csv.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"4.86 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Digital Logbook (in CSV format)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.25,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112.4,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112.4,\n 43.333\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 43.333\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Rd.
Boise, ID 83702-4520
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) manages the Lithologic Core Storage Library (CSL) at Idaho National Laboratory in southeastern Idaho. The CSL stores drill core, which are long cylinders of rock that have been removed from the subsurface of the Earth through drilling. USGS staff describe these drill cores in detail to create lithologic logs, which record features of the drill core like rock type, mineralogy, and appearance. This report explains how to describe drill cores at the CSL so that the lithologic logs are consistent and dependable. The report also includes helpful tools and resources like charts and dictionaries. Following the steps outlined in this report ensures that researchers have detailed and reliable information about the subsurface geology of southeastern Idaho.
","publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietz, Haley M. 0000-0001-9741-9366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-9366","contributorId":350974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"Haley","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70275163,"text":"sir20265136 - 2026 - Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality contributions to Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T18:36:33.989868","indexId":"sir20265136","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-20T14:45:02","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5136","displayTitle":"Assessment of Groundwater Quantity and Quality Contributions to Lake Huron","title":"Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality contributions to Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Lake Huron, one of the five Great Lakes, borders the United States and Canada, with Michigan as the only U.S. State on its shoreline. Like other freshwater lakes, it faces water-quality challenges from nutrients and chemicals applied across its drainage basin. Although past studies focused on surface-water sources, groundwater contributions remain less understood. To address this gap, the U.S. Geological Survey, as part of the Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative, classified drainage basins to Lake Huron into eight hydrogeologic zones based on bedrock rock type and glacial sediment transmissivity. Utilizing existing data and empirical field data, we quantified groundwater discharge and identified areas of concern for loading of chloride and nitrate to Lake Huron. Groundwater contributions, including indirect and shoreline discharge, ranged from 5.8 to 11.5 inches annually, totaling 1.9 cubic miles and 0.09 cubic mile, respectively. Hydrogeologic zones with higher glacial sediment transmissivity yielded greater indirect groundwater discharge. Chloride levels above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 250-mg/L recommendation were mainly in the Saginaw lowlands, whereas nitrate above the 10-mg/L standard was rare—found in only 11 wells. Together, the analysis of where groundwater discharge is occurring in the Lake Huron Basin and the identification of areas with potential groundwater-quality concerns can help prioritize areas that are critical to protecting the long-term health of Lake Huron.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Cooperative and Science Monitoring Initiative","usgsCitation":"Kaemming, B.B., Ford, C.M., and Martin, S.L., 2026, Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality contributions to Lake Huron: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5136, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265136.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 41 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-174874","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503529,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119372.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":503229,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P133AHTG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data to improve the understanding of groundwater quantity and quality contributions to Lake Huron"},{"id":503228,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/images/"},{"id":503227,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/sir20265136.XML","description":"SIR 2026–5136 XML"},{"id":503226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/sir20265136.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026–5136 PDF"},{"id":503225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":503230,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265136/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026–5136 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.8593869,\n 46.759902\n ],\n [\n -82.56847017910663,\n 46.759902\n ],\n [\n -82.56847017910663,\n 42.11813735680883\n ],\n [\n -85.8593869,\n 42.11813735680883\n ],\n [\n -85.8593869,\n 46.759902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes and is solely bordered by the State of Michigan on the U.S. side of the lake. Nutrients like nitrate and chemicals like chloride are commonly applied to the land surface in the form of agricultural fertilizers and road salts. Nutrients and chemicals can then be transported to downstream water bodies, such as Lake Huron, through streams and groundwater flow. However, neither the volume of groundwater nor the nutrients and chemicals it contributes to Lake Huron are well understood. As part of the Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative program, the goals of this study were to assess how much groundwater annually enters Lake Huron and identify if groundwater may be causing nitrate or chloride contamination to Lake Huron. In this study, we quantified groundwater contributions to Lake Huron for drainage areas with similar geology, analyzed existing datasets of groundwater quality with respect to nitrate and chloride, and collected field samples to compare to the other analyses. The results showed that most of the groundwater entering Lake Huron came from groundwater that discharges to streams that flow into the lake, and smaller amounts of groundwater enter Lake Huron through groundwater that directly discharges to the lake shore. Chloride was found to be a greater contaminant risk to Lake Huron because elevated chloride was identified in many groundwater samples from both the bedrock and glacial aquifers. Nitrate was less prevalent in the groundwater samples analyzed. Most groundwater samples did not have detectable levels of nitrate, and the samples that did were primarily from groundwater in the glacial aquifer that lay under agricultural areas.
","publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaemming, Bridget B. 0009-0000-7163-2126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7163-2126","contributorId":306251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaemming","given":"Bridget","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, Chanse M. 0000-0002-7159-5051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7159-5051","contributorId":347040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"Chanse","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Sherry L. 0000-0001-7471-0476","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-0476","contributorId":343444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Sherry","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70275176,"text":"ofr20261006 - 2026 - Annotated bibliography of scientific research on new world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T16:55:33.725363","indexId":"ofr20261006","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-20T11:08:53","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1006","displayTitle":"Annotated Bibliography of Scientific Research on New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Myiasis in Wildlife","title":"Annotated bibliography of scientific research on new world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in wildlife","docAbstract":"The New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax; NWS) is a parasitic blowfly that lays its eggs in open wounds of live, warm- blooded animals including livestock, wildlife, and potentially humans. The larvae consume living animal tissue, and if untreated, the infestation can lead to death. Although NWS was eradicated in the United States in 1966, it has been moving northward from its endemic range in South America during the past decade and could seriously threaten the health of U.S. wildlife populations, making detection, treatment, and surveillance of the disease far more difficult across this multi- sector disease system.
As the likelihood of NWS reintroduction to the United States increases, veterinarians, wildlife managers, and conservation specialists need to be informed and prepared to respond. The existing knowledge about NWS interactions with wildlife hosts is lacking, especially regarding North American species where the NWS has been eradicated for more than 50 years. To address this knowledge gap, we compiled an annotated bibliography that consolidates key information from the existing literature on NWS infestation in wild animals.
Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Lithium demand is projected to increase more than 48 times by 2040 due to electric vehicle production and other energy storage needs. Most lithium production is outside of the USA, thereby increasing supply chain vulnerability. The combined end use importance and heightened supply risk of lithium make this lightest metallic element a critical commodity to the USA. To mitigate this supply risk, the US Geological Survey is actively assessing lithium deposits in the USA. Herein, we detail an assessment for lithium-mineralized pegmatites in the US northern Appalachian Mountains. Permissive tracts were generated by cross-referencing tectonic and geologic maps and mineral occurrence data with mappable criteria derived from generalized and region-specific lithium pegmatite ore deposit models; tracts were then ranked as having high, medium, or low permissibility. Available geophysical and geochemical data were found to be of minimal utility for this deposit type at the scale of the assessment. The number of undiscovered deposits were estimated and integrated into probabilistic simulations, which included an expanded and updated global grade and tonnage model of pegmatite-hosted lithium ore. The estimated total amount of undiscovered resources for the northern Appalachian Orogen has a median value of 1,410,000 metric tons of Li2O when considering moderate correlation across sub-regions. At a confidence level of 90%, a resource of at least 90,000 metric tons of Li2O remains undiscovered, and at a 10% confidence level, a resource of as much as 7,380,000 metric tons Li2O remains undiscovered. After applying an up-to-date economic filter to convert median contained lithium to recoverable material, a correlated total of 900,000 metric tons of Li2O may be economically extractable, equating to enough Li2O to provide the current annual US lithium supply deficit (presently obtained through net imports) for 127 years at 2025 rates of apparent consumption. This period of provision will inevitably shorten with projected increasing consumption rates, emphasizing that further research could be completed to better delineate regions of high lithium resource potential and support exploration and domestic production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10652-9","usgsCitation":"Wintzer, N.E., Holm-Denoma, C., Poletti, J.E., McCaffrey, D.M., Mordensky, S.P., Tharalson, E., and Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., 2026, Quantitative mineral resource assessment of lithium pegmatite deposits in the northern Appalachian orogen, USA: Natural Resources Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10652-9.","ipdsId":"IP-175117","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10652-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"northern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.9413823,\n 44.8462936\n ],\n [\n -67.7291768,\n 45.7565985\n ],\n [\n -67.89799,\n 47.13934\n ],\n [\n -69.1359528,\n 47.4573548\n ],\n [\n -71.1992241,\n 45.3230589\n ],\n [\n -71.5368503,\n 45.0321752\n ],\n [\n -72.4371869,\n 45.0586805\n ],\n [\n -72.7560561,\n 43.7454766\n ],\n [\n -72.624757,\n 42.8032004\n ],\n [\n -73.2437384,\n 42.761901\n ],\n [\n -73.5438506,\n 41.5101258\n ],\n [\n -75.644636,\n 40.9458509\n ],\n [\n -77.0138979,\n 40.4195665\n ],\n [\n -77.3890381,\n 39.7883146\n ],\n [\n -75.8322061,\n 39.7162111\n ],\n [\n -75.7759351,\n 39.1221196\n ],\n [\n -74.5004582,\n 39.4704951\n ],\n [\n -73.8814768,\n 40.3338318\n ],\n [\n -71.7994485,\n 40.9458509\n ],\n [\n -69.9237473,\n 41.2709041\n ],\n [\n 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0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poletti, Jacob Evan 0000-0002-3091-1249","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-1249","contributorId":345933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poletti","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Evan","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCaffrey, Dalton M. 0000-0002-2539-4865","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-4865","contributorId":298840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"Dalton","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mordensky, Stanley Paul 0000-0001-8607-303X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-303X","contributorId":292014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mordensky","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tharalson, Erik Roger 0000-0002-3892-4458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-4458","contributorId":353883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharalson","given":"Erik Roger","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, Collin 0000-0001-5485-3832 ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-3832","contributorId":203951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronkite-Ratcliff","given":"Collin","email":"ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275185,"text":"70275185 - 2026 - The role of groundwater in contributing to surface water salinization in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T15:13:37.377649","indexId":"70275185","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-18T08:04:50","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of groundwater in contributing to surface water salinization in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Freshwater salinization impacts the availability of water for human use and ecosystem needs worldwide. It has been estimated that total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Colorado River Basin cause $350 million/year in damages and substantial resources are devoted to reducing TDS loading to streams. This study describes the development and application of coupled watershed models that enable TDS source tracking through the subsurface and across the landscape at a seasonal timestep for 35 years in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Results indicate that, on average, 75% of TDS loading to streams originates as baseflow, and 50% of loading is lagged in delivery by longer than one season. Snowmelt was identified as a dominant process controlling the transport of lagged TDS to streams. This approach informs when and where TDS mitigation efforts may be effective in a watershed that serves as a critical water supply for the southwestern United States.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL118834","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Miller, O.L., Longley, P.C., Wise, D.R., McDonnell, M.C., Schmadel, N.M., and Alder, J.R., 2026, The role of groundwater in contributing to surface water salinization in the Upper Colorado River Basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 53, no. 8, e2025GL118834, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL118834.","productDescription":"e2025GL118834, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179871","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118834","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.90060995927905,\n 42.82938512458236\n ],\n [\n -110.90060995927905,\n 36.020335240877046\n ],\n [\n -107.09503766746343,\n 36.020335240877046\n ],\n [\n -107.09503766746343,\n 42.82938512458236\n ],\n [\n -110.90060995927905,\n 42.82938512458236\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":219283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Olivia L. 0000-0002-8846-7048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-7048","contributorId":216556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longley, Patrick C. 0000-0001-8767-5577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-5577","contributorId":268147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longley","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, Daniel R. 0000-0002-1215-9612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-9612","contributorId":217259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonnell, Morgan C. 0000-0001-6946-9286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-9286","contributorId":359926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Morgan","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmadel, Noah M. 0000-0002-2046-1694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-1694","contributorId":219105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmadel","given":"Noah","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275240,"text":"70275240 - 2026 - A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for species diversity in ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T14:13:47.76728","indexId":"70275240","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T09:11:08","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for species diversity in ecology","docAbstract":"Species diversity is the foundation of many ecological disciplines. This metric is often approximated using species richness and evenness, even though actual richness likely exceeds observations due to imperfect sampling methods. Estimating the “true” species richness, which includes identifying the number of missing species, has intrigued ecologists for decades. We adopted a parametric model that appeared in Fisher et al. (1943), which models the numbers of individuals from different species as random samples from a negative binomial distribution, and developed a Bayesian computational approach to directly estimate the distribution model parameters. The model parameters represent species abundance and evenness, and can be used to derive species richness. We evaluated our parametric approach using (1) a simulation study and (2) three historical data sets. Furthermore, we illustrated the hierarchical modeling approach to combine data from multiple parallel studies using a biannual fishery survey data set. Our parametric model formulation is computationally efficient, and the hierarchical structure facilitates embedding diversity estimation into broader application, such as assessing spatial and temporal trends in species diversity associated with environmental stressors. Additionally, because the two parameters of the negative binomial distribution model represent species abundance and evenness of a community, this parametric approach facilitates a deeper understanding of the ecological systems under study. The negative binomial distribution model works with a wide range of species frequency distribution types. As a result, our emphasis on a parametric model can help us characterize the structure of an ecosystem and provide a greater depth of ecologically meaningful information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103773","usgsCitation":"Qian, S.S., Dufour, M.R., Jaffe, S., Hilling, C.D., and Hintz, W.D., 2026, A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for species diversity in ecology: Ecological Informatics, v. 95, 103773, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103773.","productDescription":"103773, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170631","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qian, Song S.","contributorId":370365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qian","given":"Song","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dufour, Mark Richard 0000-0001-6930-7666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-7666","contributorId":291450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufour","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Sabrina","contributorId":333990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Sabrina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hilling, Corbin David 0000-0003-4040-9516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-9516","contributorId":298946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilling","given":"Corbin","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hintz, William D.","contributorId":370367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hintz","given":"William","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275246,"text":"70275246 - 2026 - Hydrogeology, groundwater salinity distributions, and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities on groundwater in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T14:10:27.768067","indexId":"70275246","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T08:57:51","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":11111,"text":"PLOS Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology, groundwater salinity distributions, and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities on groundwater in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"This study seeks to determine the effects of oil field produced water disposal operations and well mechanical integrity issues on groundwater quality in oil fields in the southwest San Joaquin Valley, California. Whereas previous studies used groundwater wells to study shallow aquifers outside the oil fields, this study demonstrates that future approaches may use oil well geophysical logs to map groundwater head gradients, create salinity profiles and document changes in salinity over time in oil field areas with sparse groundwater well data and at depths greater than 330 m. We also incorporate an analysis of well histories to determine potential effects of compromised wellbore seals on changes in aquifer quality that cannot be explained by water disposal practices. Water quality in the aquifers is naturally brackish across most of the area, with better quality groundwater occurring in the eastern part. Geophysical logs are used to determine salinity variations within aquifers including the depth at which TDS exceeds 10,000 mg/L. This depth ranges from 366 m in the northwest to approximately 1,500 m in the southeast. Oil well porosity logs are used to determine water table elevations. These logs indicate the water table slopes south-southeast, showing the predominant groundwater flow direction is from oil field disposal areas toward better quality groundwater east of the oil fields. Geophysical logs show formation resistivity near some disposal facilities has decreased over time, indicating the salinity of the aquifer has increased due to disposal of saline produced water in injection wells and ponds. Oil well history analysis suggests that increased salinity over time in water-saturated sand intervals >1.5 km from disposal facilities may be caused by mechanical failures and/or incomplete borehole seals in poorly constructed or abandoned wellbores prevalent throughout the study area—particularly wells drilled prior to 1930.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pwat.0000450","usgsCitation":"Gillespie, J.M., Gannon, R., Ball, L.B., Warden, J.G., Everett, R.R., and Stephens, M.J., 2026, Hydrogeology, groundwater salinity distributions, and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities on groundwater in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California: PLOS Water, v. 5, no. 4, e0000450, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000450.","productDescription":"e0000450, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180280","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","otherGeospatial":"Midway Valley area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillespie, Janice M. 0000-0003-1667-3472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-3472","contributorId":219675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannon, Riley 0000-0002-1239-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-1083","contributorId":205967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Riley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warden, John G. 0000-0003-1384-458X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-458X","contributorId":215846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":208212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, Michael J. 0000-0001-8995-9928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-9928","contributorId":205895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275178,"text":"70275178 - 2026 - Water volumes, heat flow, and solute discharge from Old Faithful Geyser eruptions, Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T15:01:47.79332","indexId":"70275178","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T07:49:27","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water volumes, heat flow, and solute discharge from Old Faithful Geyser eruptions, Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"The iconic Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA, has attracted a significant amount of research because of the relative regularity and impressive size of its eruptions. Numerous studies have included observations, measurements, and analyses that informed models of geyser eruptions. However, fundamental quantities, including the associated mass and heat discharged, remain poorly constrained. In April 2025 we measured the volume of water from 45 Old Faithful Geyser eruptions using a portable flume in an outflow channel and specific conductance measurements in the Firehole River. We used high-speed video to perform velocimetry, measured changes in water chemistry to calculate the volume of water evaporated along the outflow channels, and used thermodynamic calculations to estimate the volume of water erupted as steam and to quantify the geyser's heat output. The calculated average volume of water discharged by Old Faithful Geyser in each eruption is 27.9 ± 9.4 m3, with no relation between eruption volume and the length of the preceding eruption interval. Video analysis of the eruption's liquid-dominated phase yields similar volumes of 21–30 m3. The calculated heat flow from the geyser is 2.2–2.4 MW and the average annual discharge of chloride, fluoride, and arsenic are 63 tons, 3.9 tons, and 241 kg, respectively. Average annual silica deposition rate on the geyser cone and along the outflow channels is 7 tons. This study provides a methodology for future studies at geysers worldwide and a baseline for monitoring future activity changes at Old Faithful.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108624","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., McCleskey, R., Rudolph, M.L., Peek, S., Roth, D.A., Schott-Atkins, M., Manga, M., Folz Donahue, K.F., Reed, M.H., and Hungerford, J.D., 2026, Water volumes, heat flow, and solute discharge from Old Faithful Geyser eruptions, Yellowstone National Park, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 474, 108624, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108624.","productDescription":"108624, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-185069","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.05006455962126,\n 45.0129140640631\n ],\n [\n -111.05006455962126,\n 43.754298426623194\n ],\n [\n -109.3525348558879,\n 43.754298426623194\n ],\n [\n -109.3525348558879,\n 45.0129140640631\n ],\n [\n -111.05006455962126,\n 45.0129140640631\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"474","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":216321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":205663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R. Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudolph, Maxwell L.","contributorId":370157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudolph","given":"Maxwell","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peek, Sara 0000-0002-9770-6557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-6557","contributorId":209971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peek","given":"Sara","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roth, David A. 0000-0002-7515-3533 daroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7515-3533","contributorId":202097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"David","email":"daroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schott-Atkins, Melissa","contributorId":370161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schott-Atkins","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[{"id":87977,"text":"U. Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":370162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":33781,"text":"U.C. Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Folz Donahue, Kiernan F.","contributorId":370163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Folz Donahue","given":"Kiernan","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reed, Mara H.","contributorId":370164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Mara","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33781,"text":"U.C. Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hungerford, Jefferson D.G.","contributorId":370165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hungerford","given":"Jefferson","middleInitial":"D.G.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70274173,"text":"fs20263064 - 2026 - Critical minerals in zinc ore—An update on Earth Mapping Resources Initiative Research in the Boulder Batholith region, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-17T14:29:21.927974","indexId":"fs20263064","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T16:18:30","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-3064","displayTitle":"Critical Minerals in Zinc Ore—An Update on Earth Mapping Resources Initiative Research in the Boulder Batholith Region, Montana","title":"Critical minerals in zinc ore—An update on Earth Mapping Resources Initiative Research in the Boulder Batholith region, Montana","docAbstract":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
U.S. Geological Survey research, in collaboration with Montana Technical University and Montana Bureau of Geology and Mines, is providing key critical mineral information that may have potential for critical mineral production of several mining districts in the Boulder Batholith region, to better understand the abundance and distribution of natural resources within this region. Continued research can be used to show the potential for previously undiscovered critical mineral resources in southwestern Montana and in other parts of the United States.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaynor, Sean Patrick 0000-0002-8353-511X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-511X","contributorId":346264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaynor","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":172766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastman, Kyle A.","contributorId":367116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastman","given":"Kyle","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49605,"text":"Montana Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gammons, Chris","contributorId":140801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gammons","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":13574,"text":"Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, Jay M. 0000-0003-3322-0870","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-0870","contributorId":329664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Jay","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275076,"text":"ofr20261002 - 2026 - Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70273478,"text":"70273478 - 2026 - Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system","indexId":"70273478","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70275076,"text":"ofr20261002 - 2026 - Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system","indexId":"ofr20261002","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T17:44:26.164652","indexId":"ofr20261002","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T14:10:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1002","displayTitle":"Computation of Regional Groundwater Budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain Aquifer System","title":"Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system","docAbstract":"Computation of detailed groundwater flow budgets for subdivisions of the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system has enabled quantification and more thorough understanding of groundwater flow within this important water resource. A zone budget analysis based on previously published groundwater models of the Virginia Coastal Plain and Virginia Eastern Shore indicates that groundwater conditions vary substantially throughout the Coastal Plain aquifer system because of local variations in hydrogeology and historical and ongoing variations in groundwater use and management. Decades of substantial groundwater withdrawal from the Coastal Plain aquifer system have altered groundwater flow from predevelopment conditions. Rates of sustainable withdrawal are limited because the downward groundwater flow rate into confined aquifers is a relatively small part of the total groundwater budget for the aquifer system compared to the rate of recharge at the land surface.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Coastal Plain model indicate that groundwater flow is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to rivers and coastal waterbodies and downward through a series of underlying aquifers and confining units to the Potomac aquifer, which is the deepest aquifer and the source of most groundwater withdrawals. Downward flow into the Potomac aquifer is estimated to be only 7 percent of total net precipitation-derived net recharge at the land surface but makes up about 66 percent of inflow to the aquifer in Virginia, with much of the remaining inflow occurring laterally from outside of defined groundwater budget regions in Virginia. For several decades prior to 2010, high rates of withdrawal from the Potomac aquifer resulted in substantial decline in groundwater storage in the aquifer and in most overlying aquifers and confining units. From 2010 to 2023, rates of withdrawal substantially lower than the historical maximum resulted in small net increases in groundwater storage in the confined aquifer system for most regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Nevertheless, for the same period, groundwater storage for the entire model domain continues to incrementally decline, indicating that storage recovery in Virginia is offset by a continued decrease in storage in areas beneath the Chesapeake Bay or adjacent areas of Maryland and North Carolina. Withdrawals from the Potomac aquifer have induced substantial downward flow which is a large part of groundwater budgets for confined aquifers such as the Potomac. For the most recent simulated conditions (2023) downward groundwater flow continues, but because vertical flow rates are a function of the difference between water pressure in the upper surficial systems and lower confined units, rates of downward flow are lower than those in earlier decades as the confined water levels partially recover from larger groundwater withdrawals in the past. Geographically, groundwater flow is generally inward from perimeter regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain toward central regions with the largest withdrawal rates. Groundwater inflow from coastal regions could be contributing to saltwater intrusion, even though that was not measured in this study.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Eastern Shore peninsula, a geographic region of the Virginia Coastal Plain, indicate that groundwater flow for that isolated aquifer system is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to coastal water bodies and downward into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system, which is the source of most withdrawals. Downward groundwater flow into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system is estimated to be less than 2 percent of total recharge and less than 9 percent of net recharge at the water table but makes up more than 93 percent of all inflow to the confined aquifer system. Decades of substantial but relatively consistent groundwater withdrawals have induced greater downward flow rates into the confined aquifer system but also have resulted in loss of groundwater from storage. For the most recent simulated period (2023), estimated storage loss accounts for slightly under 7 percent of withdrawals from the confined aquifer system. The reported withdrawal rate for this period from the confined Yorktown-Eastover system is near the highest reported rate for the Virginia Eastern Shore, which means that the storage depletion is expected to continue, even though groundwater levels appear to be relatively stable. Estimated groundwater flow rates upward from the confining unit underlying the Yorktown-Eastover system and low rates of inflow from coastal water bodies underscore ongoing concerns about up-coning and lateral intrusion of salty groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Pope, J.P., Gordon, A.D., and Frederiks, R.S., 2026, Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1002, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261002. [Supersedes USGS Preprint https://doi.org/10.31223/X5HB5D.]","productDescription":"Report: viii, 48 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-185679","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503256,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502777,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GJEYW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Input and output files from the Zonebudget program used with MODFLOW models to compute regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system"},{"id":502776,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/images/"},{"id":502775,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/ofr20261002.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 XML"},{"id":502772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/ofr20261002.pdf","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 PDF"},{"id":502774,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261002/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Virginia Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.55435844550527\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 36.55435844550527\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
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Ice jams occur regularly at the southern outlet of Osoyoos Lake, which spans the border between the State of Washington and British Columbia, Canada. In recent winters, ice jams caused (1) decreases in downstream discharge that may adversely affect salmon spawning habitat and (2) short-duration lake-level rise that can interfere with lake level management agreements. In response, water managers sought to understand the environmental conditions associated with the historical ice-jam occurrences on Osoyoos Lake. Researchers compiled datasets of discharge, lake level, and air temperature from four meteorological and three hydrologic stations near Oroville, Washington, to determine “ice-jam” or “non-ice-jam” days from 1942 to 2024.
After confirming known ice jams since 1994 using Landsat 8–9 and Sentinel–2 satellite imagery along with discharge, lake level, and air temperature data, researchers designated ice-jam days. They conducted statistical analyses to examine environmental conditions associated with ice-jam occurrences on Osoyoos Lake. Statistical tests indicated significant differences in wind speed, wind direction, and air temperature between ice-jam and non-ice-jam days. A linear discriminant-analysis model correctly predicted 12 of 13 historical ice-jam days since 1994 and determined that ice jams are more likely under westerly and northwesterly winds near or above 10 kilometers per hour (km/h) and minimum temperatures near or below –9.4 degrees Celsius (°C). An analysis of historical discharge suggests that ice jams have occurred since at least the 1940s, but 13 ice jam days occurred in the past decade (2014–2024), exceeding any previous decade. The daily minimum air temperature in the Osoyoos Lake region has increased at a rate of 0.021 °C per year since the 1940s, but ice jams usually occur in winters with colder average temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Sutfin, N.A., and Breen, S.J., 2026, Historical ice jams and associated environmental conditions on Osoyoos Lake: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5003, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265003.","productDescription":"vii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-171288","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503254,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119368.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502874,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/sir20265003.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5003 XML"},{"id":502873,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265003/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5003 HTML"},{"id":502872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/sir20265003.pdf","size":"49.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5003 PDF"},{"id":502871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502875,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/images/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Osoyoos Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.67443538186532,\n 49.11443094771283\n ],\n [\n -119.3142803507082,\n 49.11443094771283\n ],\n [\n -119.3142803507082,\n 48.87431047779373\n ],\n [\n -119.67443538186532,\n 48.87431047779373\n ],\n [\n -119.67443538186532,\n 49.11443094771283\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Washington Water Science Center
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Ice jams are accumulations of ice that partially block water from flowing downstream in rivers and lakes. Ice jams form at the shallow outlet of Osoyoos Lake, which drains into the Okanogan River at the border of the United States and Canada. These ice jams can temporarily reduce river flow downstream, which can harm salmon habitat and cause short lived increases in lake levels that complicate international agreements for managing water levels.
To better understand when and why these ice jams form, researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey examined historical records of river flow, lake level, and air temperature data from stations near Oroville, Washington (located just south of the lake outlet), for the years 1942–2024. Researchers used satellite images and environmental data during 1994–2024 to confirm known ice jams and then identified “ice jam days” for that period.
The team compared weather conditions on ice jam days and non-ice-jam days. They found that ice jams are more likely to form when winds blow from the west or northwest at speeds of about 10 kilometers per hour or more, and when minimum temperatures drop to –9.4 degrees Celsius or lower. A statistical model based on air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction correctly identified nearly all known ice jam days since 1994. While the statistical model identified some days without ice jams as ice-jam days, no ice-jam days occurred outside of the range of wind and temperature conditions identified.
Although ice jams have occurred since at least the 1940s, they have become more frequent in recent years: 13 ice jam days occurred during 2014–2024, more than in any previous decade. Even though winter temperatures in the Osoyoos Lake region have risen slightly over time, ice jams tend to occur during colder than average winters.
Understanding the conditions that lead to ice jams can help decision-makers better anticipate when ice jams may occur and plan for their potential effects on salmon habitat and lake level management.
","publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutfin, Nicholas A. 0000-0003-4429-7814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-7814","contributorId":357883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutfin","given":"Nicholas","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, Stephen J. 0000-0002-2630-6206","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-6206","contributorId":369971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Stephen","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70275140,"text":"70275140 - 2026 - A roadmap for implementing the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-16T15:01:32.768248","indexId":"70275140","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T09:54:07","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5056,"text":"Environmental Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A roadmap for implementing the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Scientific Publishing","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0080","usgsCitation":"Cooke, S.J., Lynch, A., Tickner, D., Abell, R., Piczak, M.L., Arthington, A.H., Thieme, M., Perry, D.M., Britton, J.R., Dalu, T., Birnie-Gauvin, K., Ormerod, S.J., Matuk, F.A., Raghavan, R., and Smol, J.P., 2026, A roadmap for implementing the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity: Environmental Reviews, v. 34, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0080.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-154483","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooke, Steve J.","contributorId":370066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steve","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":220490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tickner, David","contributorId":224152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tickner","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37767,"text":"World Wildlife Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abell, Robin","contributorId":152400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abell","given":"Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piczak, Morgan L.","contributorId":370070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piczak","given":"Morgan","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arthington, Angela H.","contributorId":370071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthington","given":"Angela","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7117,"text":"Griffith University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thieme, Michele","contributorId":213687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thieme","given":"Michele","affiliations":[{"id":37767,"text":"World Wildlife Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perry, Denielle M.","contributorId":215885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Denielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39324,"text":"School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Britton, J. Robert","contributorId":214429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Britton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dalu, Tatenda","contributorId":332550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalu","given":"Tatenda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79488,"text":"University of Mpumalanga","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Birnie-Gauvin, Kim","contributorId":272554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birnie-Gauvin","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ormerod, Steve J.","contributorId":370078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormerod","given":"Steve","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17940,"text":"Cardiff University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Matuk, Fernanda Ayaviri","contributorId":370079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matuk","given":"Fernanda","middleInitial":"Ayaviri","affiliations":[{"id":87945,"text":"Federal Institute of Minas Gerais","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Raghavan, Rajeev","contributorId":250656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raghavan","given":"Rajeev","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50216,"text":"Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smol, John P.","contributorId":370080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smol","given":"John","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70275256,"text":"70275256 - 2026 - Late Miocene Colorado River arrival in the Bidahochi basin supports spillover origin of Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T14:51:49.560386","indexId":"70275256","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T09:40:30","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Miocene Colorado River arrival in the Bidahochi basin supports spillover origin of Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"The timing and mechanism of the integration of the Colorado River and incision of the Grand Canyon remain among geology’s enduring controversies. A key question is the configuration of the upper Colorado River watershed between 11 and 6 million years ago. In this study, we present new evidence from zircon uranium-lead geochronology for the arrival of distinctive Colorado–Green River sediment in the Bidahochi basin by 6.6 million years ago derived from the Browns Park Formation. This is coeval with an order-of-magnitude increase in depositional rate, an increase in carbonate strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios, the appearance of large fish species characteristic of fast-flowing waters, and other sedimentological changes. This evidence is consistent with the Colorado River supplying water and sediment to the Bidahochi basin before spillover integration of the river through the Grand Canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.adz6826","usgsCitation":"He, J.J., Crow, R.S., Douglass, J.R., Holm-Denoma, C., Vazquez, J.A., Gootee, B.F., Lidzbarski, M.I., Pianowski, L., Gray, H., Heitmann, E., Pearthree, P., House, K., and Dulin, S., 2026, Late Miocene Colorado River arrival in the Bidahochi basin supports spillover origin of Grand Canyon: Science, v. 395, no. 6795, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz6826.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-179903","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bidahochi basin, Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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,{"id":70275149,"text":"70275149 - 2026 - Characterizing changes in postfire debris-flow hazard as burned areas recover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-17T15:26:10.479557","indexId":"70275149","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T08:18:14","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing changes in postfire debris-flow hazard as burned areas recover","docAbstract":"Emergency assessments of postfire debris-flow hazards that are performed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provide estimates of debris-flow likelihood and rainfall triggering conditions that are used for evaluating and managing runoff-generated debris-flow hazards in recently burned areas throughout the western United States. Although the immediate postfire period, within roughly one year after fire, is typically the most susceptible to runoff-generated debris flows, the hazard evolves in time and space as the burned area recovers. The recovery trajectory a given burned area will take depends on local climate and weather and can be difficult to predict. Some burned areas recover quickly, whereas others experience debris flows for multiple years after fire. As a result, extending our ability to update debris-flow likelihood estimates and rainfall thresholds based on observed recovery of the burned area would be beneficial. We present a method for multi-year runoff-generated debris-flow hazard assessment that leverages the USGS “M1” debris-flow likelihood model and integrates updated, satellite-derived, normalized burn ratio data to estimate vegetation recovery. We predict recovery-aware rainfall thresholds and validate them against a multi-year debris-flow hazard prediction and could be adapted for use with other debris-flow models that incorporate burn severity data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02936.1","usgsCitation":"Graber, A.P., Thomas, M.A., Kean, J.W., King, J., and Kostelnik, J., 2026, Characterizing changes in postfire debris-flow hazard as burned areas recover: Geosphere, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02936.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164736","costCenters":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02936.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Washington","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.36424169921565,\n 48.80629133966778\n ],\n [\n -125.66472868317365,\n 39.31207129554762\n ],\n [\n -120.57415228729428,\n 32.73149552158408\n ],\n [\n -102.99484796823218,\n 31.342076734545344\n ],\n [\n -103.00675719934162,\n 36.96546857037297\n ],\n [\n -102.11928173488546,\n 36.875567234398886\n ],\n [\n -102.08687031215692,\n 40.90392441449369\n ],\n [\n -117.07043377025515,\n 40.85240779137647\n ],\n [\n -116.74859098099466,\n 48.97374450456343\n ],\n [\n -125.36424169921565,\n 48.80629133966778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graber, Andrew Paul 0000-0003-4179-0291","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-0291","contributorId":304628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graber","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Matthew A. 0000-0002-9828-5539 matthewthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-5539","contributorId":200616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Matthew","email":"matthewthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, Jonathan Michael 0000-0003-0834-2200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-2200","contributorId":350805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Jonathan Michael","affiliations":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kostelnik, Jaime 0000-0002-1817-5461","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-5461","contributorId":300717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostelnik","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275100,"text":"sir20265140 - 2026 - Analyses of meteorological and hydrological records support Tribal members’ accounts of changing climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T17:40:45.285521","indexId":"sir20265140","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-15T15:25:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5140","displayTitle":"Analyses of Meteorological and Hydrological Records Support Tribal Members’ Accounts of Changing Climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, East–Central Arizona","title":"Analyses of meteorological and hydrological records support Tribal members’ accounts of changing climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona","docAbstract":"The Fort Apache Reservation in east–central Arizona, home to the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, contains several climate zones because of the large variation in surface elevation within the reservation. This study was carried out in cooperation with the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, to raise awareness of how the changing climate affects the Fort Apache Reservation. This report documents the evaluation of existing multidecadal meteorological and hydrological datasets for the Fort Apache Reservation, used to evaluate the effects of a changing climate on the reservation. In this evaluation, near-surface air temperature, snow depth, snow water equivalent, precipitation, and streamflow datasets were analyzed for monotonic trends indicative of changing climatic conditions during specified periods of time. The results of these trend analyses were then compared with the Tribal community's memories of the changing climate.
Trend analysis of near-surface air temperatures from a U.S. Historical Climatological Network station on the Fort Apache Reservation at Whiteriver, Arizona, indicated that mean annual air temperatures have increased by an average of 2.48 degrees Fahrenheit from 1980 to 2023. Records from the same station also indicated that average monthly maximum temperatures recorded for March increased by 5.39 degrees Fahrenheit for the same time period.
Annual precipitation at the five precipitation stations used in this study decreased greatly from the 1980s to 2023. The largest total decrease was 10.07 inches, or 34.7 percent. However, only one of the two precipitation stations with longer term data available prior to 1980 had a significant negative trend when data from the entire period of record, from 1901 to 2023, were analyzed.
Trend analyses show a decrease in the annual maximum snow water equivalent and an earlier disappearance of the snowpack at two Natural Resources Conservation Service snow telemetry stations in the mountainous region just east of the Fort Apache Reservation from 1981 to 2023. Based on the trend analyses, the average annual maximum snow water equivalent has decreased by more than 40 percent at both stations, and the average date when the snowpack was fully melted at the stations in the spring has moved earlier in time from late April to early April or late March. However, a statistically significant trend was not determined for the early April snow water equivalent measured at a nearby Natural Resources Conservation Service snow course across its period of record, indicating that the history of mountain snowpack in this area is not fully understood. Analysis of snowfall data from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Observer Program network station on the Fort Apache Reservation at McNary 2N, AZ (station 025412) indicated that, on average, the measured total annual snowfall at the station decreased 42.4 percent from 1935 to 2023.
Streamflow data from six U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on the Fort Apache Reservation were analyzed for trends. For most streamflow gages, statistically significant trends were not determined for tested parameters when the entire streamflow period of record was used for stations with records going back to at least the 1960s. However, when the data from 1980 to 2023 was tested, most of the streamflow parameters had statistically significant negative trends. All six streamgages showed a decrease in average annual runoff of at least 50 percent from 1980 to 2023; one streamgage showed an 81.8 percent decrease.
A similar statistical finding was observed in the analysis of the annual spring snowmelt peak from one of the six streamgages used in the study and located in an area receiving measurable amounts of snowmelt runoff. When data from the entire period of record (1958–2023) was used, no trend in streamflow was determined; however, a significant negative trend was determined from 1980 to 2023, indicating a decrease in average annual springtime runoff of 62.6 percent. Statistical analysis on the timing of the annual spring snowmelt peak at the same streamgage indicated the snowmelt peak is happening on average about 12 days earlier now (2023) than it did in the past. The trend results for the timing of the annual spring snowmelt peak were the same and statistically significant for both periods tested (1958–2023 and 1980–2023). Two of the streamflow records from the Fort Apache Reservation were compared to the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index computed for Arizona Climate Division 4 (East Central) by the National Centers for Environmental Information. The comparison showed that the streamflow records generally tracked the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index.
In interviews, Tribal community members living on the Fort Apache Reservation described the changes in climate that they observed during their lifetimes. Common themes reported were that air temperatures have become warmer, and the weather is less predictable with changes in seasonal patterns. Drier conditions, lower snowfall, shorter winters, and lower river levels were also reported. These community member observations align with the results of this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2026, Analyses of meteorological and hydrological records support Tribal members’ accounts of changing climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5140, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265140.","productDescription":"Report: x, 58 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-180087","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503253,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119367.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502810,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P144FN7Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Historical Climatology Network version 2.5 dataset for station Whiteriver 1 SW, Arizona, from 1873 to 2024, used in Analysis of Meteorological and Hydrological Records Support Tribal Members’ Accounts of Changing Climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona"},{"id":502808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/sir20265140.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 XML"},{"id":502807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265140/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 HTML"},{"id":502806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/sir20265140.pdf","size":"24.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 PDF"},{"id":502805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502809,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Fort Apache Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -109.45,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -109.45,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
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Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Arabia Plate cover about 140,000 square kilometers across a distance of about 3,000 kilometers from southern Yemen to southeastern Turkey. The majority of volcanic products are alkali basalts that erupted in restricted areas, commonly over periods of a million or more years, building mafic lava fields, each known in Arabic as a “harrat.” Harrat volcanism commenced following the Oligocene flood-lava effusions that blanketed the (now) Ethiopian highlands, southern Sudan, and western Yemen, and overlapped the latest Oligocene to early Miocene initial riftings of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, but the majority of harrat volcanism has been since approximately 13–10 million years ago. Persistent harrat magmatism in restricted locations led to the development of intermediate and evolved magmas (hawaiites, mugearites, benmoreites, trachytes, comendites, and phonolites) mainly through intracrustal crystallization-differentiation. Most of these intermediate and evolved magmas erupt at sites of the greatest aggregate volcanic relief, reflecting sites of the greatest overall magmatic fluxes. Production of fractionated magmas at these sites negates “monogenetic” as an appropriate descriptor of harrat volcanism. This chapter summarizes the geologic, eruptive, and tectonic history and aspects of the petrogenesis of the Cenozoic Arabian alkalic province. Particular emphasis is placed on results of a joint study of Ḩarrat Rahat adjacent to the city of Al Madīnah al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, published as U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 and Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1. A goal of this chapter is to provide an introduction to those unfamiliar with this vast, enigmatic, and fascinating region of distributed continental volcanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1890J","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Calvert, A.T., 2026, Cenozoic distributed volcanism of the Arabia Plate—A review, chap. J of Poland, M.P., Ort, M.H., Stovall, W.K., Vaughan, R.G., Connor, C.B., and Rumpf, M.E., eds., Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1890, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1890J.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154541","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502815,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/images"},{"id":502814,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/pp1890J.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J XML"},{"id":502811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/pp1890J.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J PDF"},{"id":502813,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1890J/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J HTML"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"Arabia Plate","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 34.23089949847653,\n 30.787465564261467\n ],\n [\n 47.57613705837829,\n 30.787465564261467\n ],\n [\n 47.57613705837829,\n 17.596830955973672\n ],\n [\n 34.23089949847653,\n 17.596830955973672\n ],\n [\n 34.23089949847653,\n 30.787465564261467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Volcano Science Center
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There have been sporadic reports of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus proliferations in freshwater rivers, lakes, and reservoirs for four decades, with reports increasing in frequency over the last twenty years, suggesting a possible rise in their global distribution, frequency, and intensity. Microcoleus can produce anatoxins which are neurotoxic, and ingestion of toxic mats has caused hundreds of dog fatalities and raised serious human and ecological health concerns. This review synthesizes and evaluates current knowledge on Microcoleus distribution, taxonomy, toxin production, toxicity, ecology, environmental drivers, and biotic interactions. Toxin-producing Microcoleus have been reported in at least 18 countries, though many regions have not conducted toxin testing, suggesting a broader but under-reported distribution. Proliferations occur across diverse habitats, including cobble-bedded streams, large sandy rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. Microcoleus proliferations also occur on macrophytes, both in lakes and rivers. Genomic analyses currently classify anatoxin-producing Microcoleus into distinct species, with all known anatoxin-producers isolated from freshwater ecosystems. Anatoxin concentrations vary widely over space and time, within and among waterbodies. While studies on environmental drivers remain limited, research in cobble-bedded rivers suggests that moderate enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and low dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations in the water column promote proliferation. Metagenomic approaches have revealed unique nutrient acquisition and storage strategies used by Microcoleus. Key knowledge gaps remain around the environmental and ecological triggers of proliferation, toxin production, genomic diversity and microbial interactions. Addressing these gaps through coordinated, global studies using robust datasets and consistent methods is critical to improve prediction, monitoring, and mitigation of this increasingly widespread public and ecological health threat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125441","usgsCitation":"Kelly, L.T., Beach, D.G., Blaszczak, J.R., Bouma-Gregson, K., Brown, S.M., Cheng, H., Davidson, J.L., Fastner, J., Francis, M., Garcia Jimenez, A., Genzoli, L., Goel, R., Gonzalez, D., Handley, K.M., Hilt, S., Humbert, J., Jamieson, R., Johnston, L., Junier, P., Lawrence, J., McCarron, P., Meissner, S., Mormando, J., Puddick, J., Quiblier, C., Rajpirathap, N., Schampera, C., Selwood, A., Shearer, K., Sohrab, A., Stancheva, R., Valadez-Cano, C., Zebrecky, J.M., and Wood, S.A., 2026, The global proliferation of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus: Taxonomy, distribution, toxin production, ecology, and future directions: Water Research, v. 294, 125441, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.125441.","productDescription":"125441, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183789","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, Washington, 98683-9589