{"pageNumber":"1","pageRowStart":"0","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36,"records":[{"id":70261520,"text":"sim3514 - 2024 - Geologic map and structure sections along the southern part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone and adjacent areas from Cache Creek to Lake Berryessa, northern Coast Ranges, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T16:11:32.54982","indexId":"sim3514","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-23T10:32:03","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3514","displayTitle":"Geologic Map and Structure Sections Along the Southern Part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone and Adjacent Areas from Cache Creek to Lake Berryessa, Northern Coast Ranges, California","title":"Geologic map and structure sections along the southern part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone and adjacent areas from Cache Creek to Lake Berryessa, northern Coast Ranges, California","docAbstract":"

Introduction

Located in the Coast Ranges of northern California, the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone is the easternmost fault in the San Andreas Fault system in northern California. The fault is a right-lateral, strike-slip structure considered capable of producing an earthquake of moment magnitude 7. The purpose of this mapping is to better characterize the geology and earthquake hazards associated with the southern part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone and to help identify any evidence of active uplift on the faults bounding the Coast Ranges. Although the area immediately surrounding the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone is sparsely populated, its southern segment presents a potential seismic hazard to northern California communities as far away as the San Francisco Bay region and Sacramento. There are also nearby water resources, mineral resources, and public lands used for public recreation.

The Coast Ranges of northern California are a series of northwest-southeast-oriented mountain ranges and valleys located north of the San Francisco Bay region, between the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Sacramento Valley to the east. The region has rugged terrain, high mountain peaks that reach more than 2,400 meters above sea level, isolated and narrow valley bottoms on which most human settlements are located, and large drainage systems that tend to follow the northwest-southeast-oriented topographic grain. The physiographic character of the region is shaped by its bedrock geology, deformational history, and active faulting.

The basement rocks of the northern Coast Ranges consist of the Franciscan Complex and the Great Valley complex, the latter of which consists of two informal units, the Coast Range ophiolite and the Great Valley sequence. The Franciscan Complex and the Great Valley complex are in structural contact along the Coast Range Fault, a regional-scale structure and fundamental crustal boundary.

The Franciscan Complex and the Great Valley complex are superposed by active, northwest-southeast-striking strike-slip faults that are associated with seismicity swarms. These active strike-slip faults can produce moderate to large earthquakes that have moment magnitudes of 7–8. In places, these active structures bound large ranges and valleys, suggesting that much of the modern topographic expression is the result of active deformation processes.

This report contains new 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping along the southern part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone between Clear Lake and Lake Berryessa. The map area spans 738 square kilometers in northern Napa County, southern Lake County, and parts of Yolo and Colusa Counties. The south and east borders of the map are 90 kilometers north of San Francisco and 70 kilometers west of Sacramento, respectively. The map area is within the Knoxville mining district, which has a history of mercury and gold mining dating back to the mid-19th century. The two main towns in the region, Lower Lake and Clearlake, California, are west-northwest of the map area. Approximately 71,000 people live in the cities and rural communities located within a 40-kilometer radius of the center of the map area.

The bedrock geology, cross sections, and structural data presented herein are critical for evaluating the long-term evolution of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone. This work will supplement studies on local seismic hazards, liquefaction potential, landslide hazards, earthquake geology, natural resources, groundwater resources, engineering geology, and tectonic history by providing the background information for site-specific investigations on these subjects.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3514","usgsCitation":"Melosh, B.L., Bodtker, J.W., and Valin, Z.C., 2024, Geologic map and structure sections along the southern part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone and adjacent areas from Cache Creek to Lake Berryessa, northern Coast Ranges, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3514, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 20 p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3514.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 20 p.; 2 Sheets: 46.15 x 78.86 inches and 58.26 x 41.78 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128914","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494218,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118060.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465095,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1YJRCZD","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Melosh, B.L., Bodtker, J.W., Valin, Z.C., and Sullivan, K., 2024, Geospatial database of the geologic map and structure sections along the southern part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone and adjacent areas from Cache Creek to Lake Berryessa, northern Coast Ranges, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1YJRCZD.","linkHelpText":"Geospatial database of the geologic map and structure sections along the southern part of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone and adjacent areas from Cache Creek to Lake Berryessa, northern Coast Ranges, California"},{"id":465094,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3514/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":465093,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3514/sim3514_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3514/sim3514_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3514/sim3514_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5457,\n 39.0012\n ],\n [\n -122.5457,\n 38.6099\n ],\n [\n -122.2368,\n 38.6099\n ],\n [\n -122.2368,\n 39.0012\n ],\n [\n -122.5457,\n 39.0012\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Rd.
Moffett Field, CA 94035

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2024-12-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melosh, Benjamin L. 0000-0002-8017-7193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-7193","contributorId":217215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melosh","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodtker, Jackson W. 0000-0002-1576-0550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-0550","contributorId":330697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodtker","given":"Jackson","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":920880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valin, Zenon C. 0000-0001-6199-6700 zenon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":3742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Zenon","email":"zenon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70253097,"text":"ofr20241016 - 2024 - Evaluation of 2-D shear-wave velocity models and VS30at six strong-motion recording stations in southern California using multichannel analysis of surface waves and refraction tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T19:33:26.58246","indexId":"ofr20241016","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-18T13:09:42","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-1016","displayTitle":"Evaluation of 2-D Shear-Wave Velocity Models and VS30 at Six Strong-Motion Recording Stations in Southern California using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves and Refraction Tomography","title":"Evaluation of 2-D shear-wave velocity models and VS30at six strong-motion recording stations in southern California using multichannel analysis of surface waves and refraction tomography","docAbstract":"

To better understand the potential for amplified ground shaking at sites that house critical infrastructure, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated shear-wave velocities (VS) at six strong-motion recording stations in Southern California Edison facilities in southern California. We calculated VS30 (time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 meters [m]), which is a parameter used in ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to account for site amplification (Building Safety Seismic Council, 2003; Holtzer and others, 2005; Baltay and Boatwright, 2015). Previous site-characterization studies using multiple methods in Alameda, Napa, and Sonoma Counties, Calif., and in British Columbia (Catchings and others, 2017, 2019; Chan and others, 2018a, 2018b) show that some sites have significant lateral variability; thus, a single measurement of VS30 nearest to the strong-motion recording station may not accurately account for the actual subsurface velocity variations. In the summer of 2017, we recorded body and surface waves along linear profiles (118–174 m long) using active-source seismic methods (226-kilogram [kg] accelerated weight-drop and 3.5-kg sledgehammer impacts) near strong-motion recording stations. We used S-wave refraction tomography and a multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method (using common midpoint cross-correlation; CMPCC) to evaluate two-dimensional (2-D) VS from body and surface waves, respectively. We evaluated VS from both Rayleigh- and Love-waves.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241016","usgsCitation":"Chan, J.H., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Criley, C.J., and Sickler, R.R., 2024, Evaluation of 2-D shear-wave velocity models and VS30 at six strong-motion recording stations in southern California using multichannel analysis of surface waves and refraction tomography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1016, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241016.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 58 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-132062","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499241,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116364.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":427913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P990O55F","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Chan, J.H., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R, Criley, C.J., and Sickler, R.R., 2021, High-resolution seismic data acquired at six Southern California seismic network (SCSN) recording stations in 2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P990O55F.","linkHelpText":"High-resolution seismic data acquired at six Southern California seismic network (SCSN) recording stations in 2017"},{"id":427918,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":427915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/images"},{"id":427914,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/ofr20241016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB"},{"id":427917,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241016/full"},{"id":427916,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1016/ofr20241016.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.02522723790126,\n 35.189340133329225\n ],\n [\n -121.02522723790126,\n 33.05031372839122\n ],\n [\n -115.5979811441514,\n 33.05031372839122\n ],\n [\n -115.5979811441514,\n 35.189340133329225\n ],\n [\n -121.02522723790126,\n 35.189340133329225\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Rd.
Moffett Field, CA 94035

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2024-04-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, Joanne H. 0000-0002-2065-2423 jchan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-2423","contributorId":178625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Joanne","email":"jchan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Criley, Coyn J. 0000-0002-0227-0165 ccriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-0165","contributorId":3312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Coyn","email":"ccriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227650,"text":"ofr20221002 - 2022 - Photomosaics and logs associated with study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, north of Saint Helena, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T17:57:41.470365","indexId":"ofr20221002","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-24T12:57:56","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1002","displayTitle":"Photomosaics and Logs of Trenches Associated With Study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, North of Saint Helena, California","title":"Photomosaics and logs associated with study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, north of Saint Helena, California","docAbstract":"

The West Napa Fault has previously been mapped as extending ~45 kilometers (km) from northern Vallejo to southern Saint Helena, California, dominantly running along the western edge of Napa Valley. A zone of fault strands (some previously unmapped) along a ~15-km section of the fault ruptured during the 2014 magnitude 6.0 South Napa earthquake, illustrating the need for further investigation of this little-studied structure. Based on light detection and ranging (lidar) topography and field examination, the fault zone likely extends an additional 10 km or more northward past Saint Helena. In this vicinity, geomorphology suggests two fault strands, one along the range front and another associated with a line of rounded hills that rise 5–10 meters above the middle of the valley. In 2017, we excavated two trenches across an apparent fault scarp on the east side of one elongate hill near Ehlers Lane north of Saint Helena. Examination of the walls revealed three main sedimentary packages. The oldest package, weakly lithified alluvial fan gravels with local sand and silt layers, is tilted 25°–35° to the west. Overlying these tilted strata are two younger sets of strata. On the west side, underlying the crest of the scarp, are alluvial fan gravels with local sand and silt lenses, potentially tilted a few degrees to the west. On the east side, deposited against the scarp, are much finer grained (dominantly fine sand to silt) subhorizontal fluvial strata, likely overbank deposits from the Napa River. We obtained age control on the two younger units through a combination of radiocarbon, infrared-stimulated luminescence, and obsidian hydration dating, establishing that they are latest Pleistocene to modern in age. Although there are no prominent unconformities within the alluvial fan sediments, sample dating indicates there are two generations, one in the 10–20 thousand year (ka) age range and one in the <3 ka age range. Owing to a general lack of well-defined laterally continuous alluvial fan units, it is difficult to distinguish contacts between the two generations except in the immediate proximity of dated samples. The river sediments approximately span the Holocene. No faults were apparent in either trench, indicating that any fault related to the observed surface deformation has not ruptured to the surface at this site during the Holocene and is likely blind.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221002","usgsCitation":"Philibosian, B.E., Sickler, R.R., Prentice, C.S., Pickering, A.J., Gannon, P., Broudy, K.N., Mahan, S.A., Titular, J.N., Turner, E.A., Folmar, C., Patterson, S.F., and Bowman, E.E., 2022, Photomosaics and logs associated with study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, north of Saint Helena, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1002, 1 sheet, pamphlet 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221002.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; 1 Sheet: 82.00 x 43.00 inches","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-114127","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501537,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112153.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1002/ofr20221002_sheet.pdf","size":"80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394763,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1002/ofr20221002_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"300 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1002/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Saint Helena","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.58407592773438,\n 38.47294404791815\n ],\n [\n -122.38494873046875,\n 38.47294404791815\n ],\n [\n -122.38494873046875,\n 38.586820096127674\n ],\n [\n -122.58407592773438,\n 38.586820096127674\n ],\n [\n -122.58407592773438,\n 38.47294404791815\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2022-01-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Philibosian, Belle E. 0000-0003-3138-4716","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-4716","contributorId":206110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philibosian","given":"Belle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gannon, Patrick","contributorId":272114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gannon","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Broudy, Kiara N. 0000-0001-9720-2159","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-2159","contributorId":272115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Broudy","given":"Kiara","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":831547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Titular, Jazmine N.","contributorId":272116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titular","given":"Jazmine","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Turner, Eli A. 0000-0002-4387-5806","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-5806","contributorId":272117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Eli","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33776,"text":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Folmar, Cameron","contributorId":272118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Folmar","given":"Cameron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":831551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Patterson, Sierra F. 0000-0001-9501-6838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-6838","contributorId":215931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Sierra","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bowman, Emilie E.","contributorId":272119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Emilie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":831553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70237033,"text":"70237033 - 2022 - Responses of the Carquinez, California suspension bridge during the MW6.0 South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T16:48:43.850791","indexId":"70237033","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T11:29:16","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Responses of the Carquinez, California suspension bridge during the MW6.0 South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014","docAbstract":"The behavior of the suspension bridge in Carquinez, CA, during the Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa, CA earthquake is studied using data recorded by an extensive array of accelerometers. Modes, corresponding frequencies and damping are identified and compared with previous studies that used ambient data of the deck only plus mathematical models. Data are systematically analyzed for vertical, transverse and torsional motions of the deck, and transverse, longitudinal and torsional motions of the towers. The transverse and vertical fundamental mode frequencies of the deck are the same (0.17Hz) due to coupling. Higher frequencies for transverse and vertical coupled modes are the same at 0.46Hz and 0.98Hz. Tower translational frequencies are 0.39Hz in the transverse direction and 0.46 Hz in the longitudinal direction, and are coupled with those of the deck. Coupling of torsional modes of the tower and deck are identified. A beating effect is observed, particularly for torsional motions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the sixteenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"16th World Conference on Earthquake","conferenceDate":"January 9-13, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Santiago, Chile","language":"English","publisher":"National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., Ghahari, S.F., and Taciroglu, E., 2022, Responses of the Carquinez, California suspension bridge during the MW6.0 South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014, in Proceedings of the sixteenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, January 9-13, 2017, 30, 12 p.","productDescription":"30, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071784","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407446,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wcee.nicee.org/wcee/sixteenth_conf_Santiago/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carquinez Suspension Bridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.23169803619385,\n 38.05038912975082\n ],\n [\n -122.2309684753418,\n 38.049611852048756\n ],\n [\n -122.22659111022949,\n 38.05228159747128\n ],\n [\n -122.224702835083,\n 38.05420780901275\n ],\n [\n -122.2243595123291,\n 38.05576225855872\n ],\n [\n -122.22556114196776,\n 38.0677912298829\n ],\n [\n -122.22633361816406,\n 38.069784604330586\n ],\n [\n -122.22873687744139,\n 38.072825240387616\n ],\n [\n -122.22980976104736,\n 38.0723860452116\n ],\n [\n -122.22762107849121,\n 38.0677912298829\n ],\n [\n -122.22710609436035,\n 38.05437677251913\n ],\n [\n -122.23169803619385,\n 38.05038912975082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":853120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghahari, S. F.","contributorId":147707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghahari","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taciroglu, E.","contributorId":147710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taciroglu","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210593,"text":"70210593 - 2020 - When source and path components trade off in ground-motion prediction equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-10T12:39:00.623841","indexId":"70210593","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-27T11:10:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When source and path components trade off in ground-motion prediction equations","docAbstract":"

Current research on ground‐motion models (also known as ground‐motion prediction equations [GMPEs]) and their uncertainties focus on the separate contributions of source, path, and site to both median values and their variability. Implicit here is the assumption that the event term, path term, and site term reflect only properties of the source, path, and site, respectively. Events with larger stress drop generate more high‐frequency energy, and thus more ground motion. Therefore, the correlation of high‐frequency (i.e., peak ground acceleration [PGA] or peak ground velocity [PGV]) event terms in GMPEs with stress drop is taken to be genuine. However, PGA and PGV ground‐motion observations of the 2014 M\">M 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake clearly violate these assumptions. For this earthquake, high‐frequency ground‐motion residuals of recorded ground motion with respect to Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 Project (NGA‐West2) ground‐motion models show a dependence on distance, biasing the calculation of the event term by incorrectly mapping a regional attenuation effect into it. We examine the trade‐off between source and path effects for the South Napa earthquake and a well‐recorded California subset of the NGA‐West2 data. We fit near‐source (i.e., within 20 or 50 km) event terms and remaining differential geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation terms in comparison to a simultaneous inversion for the source and path terms. This South Napa instance highlights one situation for which the high‐frequency event term can be interpreted as relative stress drop only when the distance dependence of the ground motions does not bias the residuals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190379","usgsCitation":"Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., Abrahams, L.S., and Hanks, T.C., 2020, When source and path components trade off in ground-motion prediction equations: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 4, p. 2259-2267, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190379.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2259","endPage":"2267","ipdsId":"IP-106446","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35336303710938,\n 38.17235306715556\n ],\n [\n -122.23526000976561,\n 38.17235306715556\n ],\n [\n -122.23526000976561,\n 38.33411604971082\n ],\n [\n -122.35336303710938,\n 38.33411604971082\n ],\n [\n -122.35336303710938,\n 38.17235306715556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahams, Lauren S.","contributorId":225198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahams","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211314,"text":"70211314 - 2020 - Mechanics of near-field deformation during co- and post-seismic shallow fault slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-23T20:28:56.833088","indexId":"70211314","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-19T09:33:17","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanics of near-field deformation during co- and post-seismic shallow fault slip","docAbstract":"Poor knowledge of how faults slip and distribute deformation in the shallow crust hinders efforts to mitigate hazards where faults increasingly intersect with the expanding global population at Earth’s surface. Here we analyze two study sites along the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake rupture, each dominated by either co- or post-seismic shallow fault slip. We combine mobile laser scanning (MLS), active-source seismic tomography, and finite element modeling to investigate how deformation rate and mechanical properties of the shallow crust affect fault behavior. Despite four orders-of-magnitude difference in the rupture velocities, MLS-derived shear strain fields are remarkably similar at the two sites and suggest deceleration of the co-seismic rupture near Earth’s surface. Constrained by the MLS and seismic data, finite element models indicate shallow faulting is more sensitive to lithologic layering and plastic yielding than to the presence of fault compliant zones (i.e., regions surrounding faults with reduced stiffness). Although both elastic and elastoplastic models can reproduce the observed surface displacement fields within the uncertainty of MLS data, elastoplastic models likely provide the most reliable representations of subsurface fault behavior, as they produce geologically reasonable stress states and are consistent with field, geodetic, and seismological observations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-61400-9","usgsCitation":"Nevitt, J., Brooks, B.A., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M., Ericksen, T., and Glennie, C.L., 2020, Mechanics of near-field deformation during co- and post-seismic shallow fault slip: Scientific Reports, v. 10, 5031, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61400-9.","productDescription":"5031, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099149","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61400-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa Fault Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.65274047851562,\n 38.22199865889175\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 38.22199865889175\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -122.65274047851562,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -122.65274047851562,\n 38.22199865889175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevitt, Johanna 0000-0003-3819-1773 jnevitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-1773","contributorId":198144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevitt","given":"Johanna","email":"jnevitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldman, Mark 0000-0002-0802-829X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":205863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ericksen, Todd 0000-0001-9340-575X tericksen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-575X","contributorId":198145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"Todd","email":"tericksen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":793749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glennie, Craig L.","contributorId":198143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glennie","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215270,"text":"70215270 - 2019 - Coseismic slip and early afterslip of the M6.0 August 24, 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T13:29:10.31605","indexId":"70215270","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-31T08:26:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic slip and early afterslip of the M6.0 August 24, 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"

We employ strong motion seismograms and static offsets from the Global Positioning System, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, and other measurements in order to derive a coseismic slip and afterslip model of the M6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake. This earthquake ruptured an ∼13‐km‐long portion of the West Napa fault with predominantly right‐lateral strike slip. In the kinematic seismic slip inversions, we couple the coseismic slip and afterslip distributions by requiring both distributions to involve right‐lateral strike slip with positive amplitude, with the net static slip being the sum of the two. We consider several candidate fault geometries: a first involving two steeply east dipping fault planes that reach Earth's surface at the western surface trace (STW), where most surface rupture was observed, a second involving a steeply west dipping plane that also reaches Earth's surface at the STW, and a third involving a combination of two variably west dipping planes constrained to pass through the locus of postseismic seismicity located ∼1 km west of the STW. The data are best fit using the model of two east dipping fault planes, with coseismic slip up to ∼1.2 m on a dominant shallow asperity about 10 km north of the hypocenter and on deeper asperities on the southern part of the rupture. Afterslip up to 1 m is concentrated along the southern part of the rupture at depths \"urn:x-wiley:jgrb:media:jgrb53820:jgrb53820-math-0001\"5 km, consistent with surface observations of afterslip. Seismic moments associated with coseismic slip and afterslip are 1.13×1018 N m (Mw 6.00) and 3.64×1017 N m, respectively.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019JB018470","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Murray, J.R., Minson, S.E., Wicks, C.W., Svarc, J.L., and Brooks, B.A., 2019, Coseismic slip and early afterslip of the M6.0 August 24, 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 124, no. 11, p. 11728-11747, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018470.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"11728","endPage":"11747","ipdsId":"IP-109539","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.61566162109375,\n 38.002655740556705\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 38.002655740556705\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -122.61566162109375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -122.61566162109375,\n 38.002655740556705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. 0000-0002-0809-1328 cwicks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":127701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":212736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236851,"text":"70236851 - 2019 - Responses of the odd couple Carquinez, CA, suspension bridge during the Mw6.0 south Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T11:41:41.118882","indexId":"70236851","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-30T06:37:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12597,"text":"Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of the odd couple Carquinez, CA, suspension bridge during the Mw6.0 south Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014","docAbstract":"

The behavior of the suspension bridge in Carquinez, CA, during the Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa, CA earthquake is studied. Utilizing data from an extensive array of accelerometers that recorded the earthquake-excited motions, dynamic characteristics such as modes, corresponding frequencies and damping are identified and compared with previous studies that used ambient data of the deck only plus mathematical models. Data are systematically analyzed for vertical, transverse and torsional motions of the deck, and transverse, longitudinal and torsional motions of the towers. The transverse and vertical fundamental mode frequencies of the deck are the same (0.17 Hz) due to coupling. Higher frequencies for transverse and vertical coupled modes are also the same at 0.46 Hz and 0.98 Hz. Tower translational frequencies are 0.39 Hz in the transverse direction and 0.46 Hz in the longitudinal direction, and are also coupled with those of the deck. Coupling of torsional modes of the tower and deck is also identified. A beating effect is observed, particularly for torsional motions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13349-019-00363-6","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., Ghahari, S.F., and Taciroglu, E., 2019, Responses of the odd couple Carquinez, CA, suspension bridge during the Mw6.0 south Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014: Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring, v. 9, p. 719-739, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-019-00363-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"739","ipdsId":"IP-064666","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carquinez","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 37.95286091815649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghahari, S. Farid","contributorId":168417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghahari","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Farid","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taciroglu, Ertugrul","contributorId":176616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taciroglu","given":"Ertugrul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70263611,"text":"70263611 - 2019 - Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T15:52:39.94825","indexId":"70263611","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-30T09:51:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves","title":"Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves","docAbstract":"

We present evidence for multiple fault branches of the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ) based on fault‐zone trapped waves (FZTWs) generated by two explosions that were detonated within the main surface rupture zone produced by the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake. The FZTWs were recorded by a 15‐kilometer‐long dense (100 m spacing) linear seismic array consisting of 155 4.5‐hertz three‐component seismometers that were deployed across the surface ruptures and adjacent faults in Napa Valley in the summer of 2016. The two explosions were located ∼3.5  km north and ∼5  km south of the 2016 recording array. Prominent FZTWs, with large amplitudes and long wavetrains following the P and S waves, are observed on the seismograms. We analyzed FZTW waveforms in both time and frequency domains to characterize the branching structure of subsurface rupture zones along the WNFZ. The 2014 surface rupture zone was ∼12  km in length along the main trace of the WNFZ, which appears to form an ∼400–600‐meter‐wide low‐velocity waveguide to depths in excess of 5–7 km. Seismic velocities within the main rupture are reduced by 40%–50% relative to the surrounding‐rock velocities. Within 1.5 km of the main trace of the WNFZ, there are at least two subordinate fault traces that formed 3‐ to 6‐kilometer‐long surface breaks during the 2014 mainshock. Our modeling suggests that these subordinate fault traces are also low‐velocity waveguides that connect with the main rupture at depths of ∼2–3  km⁠, forming a flower structure. FZTWs were also recorded at seismic stations across the Carneros fault (CF), which is ∼1  km west of the WNFZ; this suggests that the CF connects with the WNFZ at shallow depths, even though the CF did not experience surface rupture during the 2014 Mw 6.0 mainshock. 3D finite‐difference simulations of recorded FZTWs imply a branching structure along multiple fault strands associated with the WNFZ.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120180181","usgsCitation":"Li, Y., Catchings, R.D., and Goldman, M., 2019, Rupture branching structure of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California earthquake inferred from explosion-generated fault-zone trapped waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1907-1921, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180181.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1907","endPage":"1921","ipdsId":"IP-102139","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53268348510989,\n 38.51201947250749\n ],\n [\n -122.53268348510989,\n 38.149075614312096\n ],\n [\n -122.13781239621281,\n 38.149075614312096\n ],\n [\n -122.13781239621281,\n 38.51201947250749\n ],\n [\n -122.53268348510989,\n 38.51201947250749\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Yong-Gang","contributorId":178873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Yong-Gang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark 0000-0002-0802-829X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":205863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208597,"text":"70208597 - 2019 - Ground-motion attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, California, from 14 Bay Area earthquakes, including the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T20:08:21","indexId":"70208597","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T20:06:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-motion attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, California, from 14 Bay Area earthquakes, including the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"Peak ground motions (acceleration and velocity) radiated by earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area and recorded within the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta generally attenuate faster with distance than the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). We evaluate the attenuation for a wide set of paths into the Delta by analyzing recorded ground motions from fourteen 4 ≤ M < 7 earthquakes located on major Bay area faults: the San Andreas, Calaveras, Hayward, West Napa, and Green Valley faults. We select stations within azimuthal ranges of 38°–114° into the Delta and calculate the residuals of the peak ground motions relative to the Boore et al. (2014) GMPEs. We then fit the natural log of these peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity residuals for each earthquake to the function a−krγ, in which a is an event term and krγ is the differential attenuation. Although there is some variation in the differential attenuation obtained for each earthquake, the peak ground motions from most of the 14 events attenuate faster than predicted by the Boore et al. (2014) GMPEs. The differential attenuation does not appear to depend on azimuth or magnitude of the earthquake; however, earthquake depth may have an effect. Our results suggest that attenuation models for the Delta can be significantly improved through regionalization, although this regionalization will increase the model complexity and the epistemic uncertainty.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120180182","usgsCitation":"Erdem, J., Boatwright, J., and Fletcher, J.P., 2019, Ground-motion attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, California, from 14 Bay Area earthquakes, including the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 109, no. 3, p. 1025-1033, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180182.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1033","ipdsId":"IP-096562","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 37.727280276860036\n ],\n [\n -120.3387451171875,\n 37.727280276860036\n ],\n [\n -120.3387451171875,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 37.727280276860036\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdem, Jemile 0000-0003-2353-9431 jerdem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-9431","contributorId":127700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdem","given":"Jemile","email":"jerdem@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, Jack 0000-0002-6931-5241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":205346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"Jack","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202415,"text":"ofr20191018 - 2019 - The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014—Observations of surface faulting and ground deformation, with recommendations for improving post-earthquake field investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T13:43:14","indexId":"ofr20191018","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-08T10:29:43","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1018","displayTitle":"The Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake of August 24, 2014—Observations of Surface Faulting and Ground Deformation, with Recommendations for Improving Post-Earthquake Field Investigations","title":"The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014—Observations of surface faulting and ground deformation, with recommendations for improving post-earthquake field investigations","docAbstract":"

The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014, produced complex and extensive surface faulting and other ground deformation features. Following the event, geologists made more than 1,200 field observations at locations where tectonic faulting and ground failure produced visible deformation that fractured and disturbed the ground surface. At a few locations, large-scale, detailed, field-based maps of fault rupture and ground deformation were produced. The South Napa earthquake response was one of the first times when post-earthquake reconnaissance data were mostly collected and disseminated electronically. The advantages and opportunities these new methods bring to our research also pose new challenges to large-scale compilation efforts and demonstrate the value of developing guidelines and better standardization across the community to more optimally utilize developing technology in future post-earthquake investigations. Some suggestions for standardizing the collection and dissemination of post-earthquake field reconnaissance data are provided herein.

Field observations and maps were integrated with airborne imagery, lidar, and InSAR to produce a comprehensive, large-scale digital map of fault rupture and zones of ground deformation. The map, observations, and photo database are summarized here in appendixes and figures and are also available as a series of digital data products within a companion U.S. Geological Survey data release (Ponti and others, 2019); the characteristics of fault rupture and ground deformation features are summarized in detail in the body of this report.

The results of this compilation reveal that faulting occurred within a 2-km-wide zone on six, roughly parallel traces within the West Napa Fault System. Most of the fault slip, and all the afterslip, occurred on the 21-km-long westernmost trace (Trace A). Maximum coseismic slip was greater than 40 cm and possibly as great as 60 cm, with the slip maximum located about 10 km north of the epicenter. Extensive ground deformation also occurred off the principal fault traces. Deformation characteristics of these features were not consistent with either primary faulting or shaking-induced ground failure and remain enigmatic, although this report includes speculation about possible origins.

The use of InSAR was invaluable for identifying and mapping secondary traces with small displacements, and for delineating the overall details of the extensive rupture. InSAR data also highlighted other areas with possible ground deformation—some of which are found coincident with previously mapped fault traces, whereas others are in areas where no faults were previously mapped. Several of these regions had no visible ground deformation, whereas others did produce features that were inconsistent with tectonic faulting, so care must be taken not to over interpret the InSAR data without careful, corroborating field investigations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191018","usgsCitation":"Ponti, D.J, Rosa, C.M, and Blair, J.L., 2019, The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014—Observations of surface faulting and ground deformation, with recommendations for improving post-earthquake field investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1018, 50 p., 15 appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191018.","productDescription":"Report: v, 57 p.; Appendixes 1-15","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081675","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361845,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix10.pdf","text":"Appendix 10","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 10","linkHelpText":"— Shaking-related features resulting from lateral spreads and bank failures"},{"id":361841,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix06.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 6","linkHelpText":"— Surface faulting along Trace E"},{"id":361846,"rank":13,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix12.pdf","text":"Appendix 12","size":"5.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 12","linkHelpText":"— Isolated cracking on slopes"},{"id":361838,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix03.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"— Surface faulting along Trace B"},{"id":361840,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix05.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"1.1MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 5","linkHelpText":"— Surface faulting along Trace D"},{"id":361843,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix08.pdf","text":"Appendix 8","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 8","linkHelpText":"— Surface faulting along Trace G"},{"id":361836,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr2019-1018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018","linkHelpText":" (Includes Appendix 1)"},{"id":361847,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix11.pdf","text":"Appendix 11","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 11","linkHelpText":"— Ridge-top fractures"},{"id":361848,"rank":14,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix13.pdf","text":"Appendix 13","size":"5.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 13","linkHelpText":"— Fractures associated with UAVSAR lineaments"},{"id":361849,"rank":15,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix14.pdf","text":"Appendix 14","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 14","linkHelpText":"— Areas of extensive curb and sidewalk damage"},{"id":361850,"rank":16,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix15.pdf","text":"Appendix 15","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 15","linkHelpText":"— Pavement cracks south of the Soda Creek Fault"},{"id":361851,"rank":17,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendixes1_15.zip","text":"Appendixes 1–15","size":"81.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendixes 2–15"},{"id":361852,"rank":18,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P26W84","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Digital datasets documenting fault rupture and ground deformation features produced by the Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake of August 24, 2014"},{"id":361842,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix07.pdf","text":"Appendix 7","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 7","linkHelpText":"— Surface faulting along Trace F"},{"id":361835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361844,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix09.pdf","text":"Appendix 9","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 9","linkHelpText":"— Shaking-induced deformation owing to landslide reactivation or fill settlement"},{"id":361837,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"41.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"— Surface faulting along Trace A"},{"id":361839,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1018/ofr20191018_appendix04.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1018 Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"— Surface faulting along Trace C"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.46871948242186,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -122.34100341796875,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -122.21603393554688,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -122.21878051757811,\n 38.3868805698475\n ],\n [\n -122.47009277343749,\n 38.3868805698475\n ],\n [\n -122.46871948242186,\n 38.1237539824224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-03-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosa, Carla M.","contributorId":213723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosa","given":"Carla","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38844,"text":"California Dept. of Conservation, Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blair, James Luke 0000-0002-6980-6446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-6446","contributorId":213724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Luke","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199887,"text":"ofr20181162 - 2018 - VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Solano Counties, California — Lovall Valley Road, Broadway Street and Sereno Drive in Vallejo, and Vallejo Fire Station — Calculations determined from S-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T15:26:38.898926","indexId":"ofr20181162","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-04T16:01:34","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1162","displayTitle":"VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Solano Counties, California — Lovall Valley Road, Broadway Street and Sereno Drive in Vallejo, and Vallejo Fire Station — Calculations determined from S-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love)","title":"VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Solano Counties, California — Lovall Valley Road, Broadway Street and Sereno Drive in Vallejo, and Vallejo Fire Station — Calculations determined from S-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love)","docAbstract":"

The August 24, 2014, moment magnitude (Mw) 6.0 South Napa earthquake caused an estimated $400 million in structural damage to the City of Napa, California. In 2015, we acquired high-resolution P- and S-wave seismic data near three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Solano Counties where high peak ground accelerations (PGAs) were recorded during the South Napa earthquake. In this report, we present results from three sites—Lovall Valley Loop Road in Napa County (Northern California Seismic Network station, NCSN N019B) and Broadway Street and Sereno Drive (California Geological Survey station, CGS 68294) and Vallejo Fire Station (National Strong Motion Project station, NSMP 1759) in the City of Vallejo, California. To characterize the recording sites in terms of shallow-depth, shear-wave velocities (VS), we used both surface waves (Rayleigh and Love) and body waves (S-wave) to evaluate the time-averaged VS in the upper 30 meters of the subsurface (VS30). We used two-dimensional (2D) multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) to evaluate VS from surface waves, and a refraction tomography inversion algorithm, developed by Hole in 1992, to evaluate VS from the body waves. As determined by the tomography and MASW analysis for Love waves, we found VS30 near the strong-motion recording stations at Lovall Valley Loop Road, Broadway Street and Sereno Drive, and the Vallejo Fire Station to be from 711 meters per second (m/s) to 767 m/s, 455 to 673 m/s, and 490 to 583 m/s, respectively. We found that VS30 determined from Love waves were higher than those determined from Rayleigh waves at the Lovall Valley Loop Road recording site (221 m/s higher) and at the Vallejo Fire Station site (62 and 48 m/s higher); however, VS30 from Love waves was lower than those from Rayleigh waves at the Broadway Street and Sereno Drive site (78 m/s lower). We also found that VS30 varied depending on the number of shot points used in our MASW analysis for both Love and Rayleigh waves. Furthermore, VS30 values determined from S-wave refraction tomography are generally closer to those determined from MASW using Love waves than those determined using Rayleigh waves.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181162","usgsCitation":"Chan, J.H., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., and Criley, C.J., 2018, VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Solano Counties, California — Lovall Valley Road, Broadway Street and Sereno Drive in Vallejo, and Vallejo Fire Station — Calculations determined from S-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1162, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181162.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 62 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096908","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358151,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F4IAAL","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2015 high resolution seismic data recorded at six strong motion seismograph sites in Napa and Solano counties, California"},{"id":358150,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181161","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1161","linkHelpText":"- VS30 at Three Strong-Motion Recording Stations in Napa and Napa County, California—Main Street in Downtown Napa, Napa Fire Station Number 3, and Kreuzer Lane—Calculations Determined From S-wave Refraction Tomography and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (Rayleigh and Love)"},{"id":358149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1162/ofr20181162.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2018-1162"},{"id":358148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1162/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa County, Solano County","city":"Vallejo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.41713722595051,\n 38.31876308218918\n ],\n [\n -122.41713722595051,\n 38.293376084062544\n ],\n [\n -122.3791235695102,\n 38.293376084062544\n ],\n [\n -122.3791235695102,\n 38.31876308218918\n ],\n [\n -122.41713722595051,\n 38.31876308218918\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.27260163802902,\n 38.14045873726971\n ],\n [\n -122.27260163802902,\n 38.09368883459186\n ],\n [\n -122.23175717738528,\n 38.09368883459186\n ],\n [\n -122.23175717738528,\n 38.14045873726971\n ],\n [\n -122.27260163802902,\n 38.14045873726971\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Contact Information,
Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025

","tableOfContents":"
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-04","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f79e4b0fc368eb5384b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, Joanne H. 0000-0002-2065-2423 jchan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-2423","contributorId":178625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Joanne","email":"jchan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Criley, Coyn J. 0000-0002-0227-0165 ccriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-0165","contributorId":3312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Coyn","email":"ccriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199888,"text":"ofr20181161 - 2018 - VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Napa County, California — Main Street in downtown Napa, Napa fire station number 3, and Kreuzer Lane — Calculations determined from s-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T15:22:40.576007","indexId":"ofr20181161","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-04T16:00:52","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1161","displayTitle":"VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Napa County, California — Main Street in downtown Napa, Napa fire station number 3, and Kreuzer Lane — Calculations determined from s-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love)","title":"VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Napa County, California — Main Street in downtown Napa, Napa fire station number 3, and Kreuzer Lane — Calculations determined from s-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love)","docAbstract":"

The August 24, 2014, moment magnitude (Mw) 6.0 South Napa earthquake caused an estimated $400 million in structural damage to the City of Napa, California. In 2015, we acquired high-resolution P- and S-wave seismic data near three strong-motion recording stations in Napa County where high peak ground accelerations (PGAs) were recorded during the South Napa earthquake. In this report, we present results from three sites—Main Street in Downtown Napa (Northern California Seismic Network station, NCSN N016), Napa Fire Station Number 3 (National Strong Motion Project station, NSMP 1765), and Kreuzer Lane (station KRE, temporary deployment). To characterize the recording sites in terms of shallow-depth shear-wave velocities (VS), we used both surface waves (Rayleigh and Love) and body waves (S-wave) to evaluate the time-averaged VS in the upper 30 meters of the subsurface (VS30). We used two-dimensional multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) to evaluate VS from the surface waves, and a refraction tomography inversion algorithm, developed by Hole in 1992, to evaluate VS from the body waves. As determined by the various methods, we found VS30 near the strong-motion recording stations on Main Street in Downtown Napa, Napa Fire Station Number 3, and on Kreuzer Lane to be from 281 meters per second (m/s) to 286 m/s, 297 to 371 m/s, and 885 to 916 m/s, respectively. The VS30 calculated from Love waves were slightly lower (10 m/s) than those calculated from Rayleigh waves at the Downtown Napa location and at Napa Fire Station Number 3 (4 m/s); however, VS30 calculated from Love waves was higher (190 m/s) than those calculated from Rayleigh waves at Kreuzer Lane. We also found that VS30 determined from MASW for both Love and Rayleigh waves varied depending on the number of shots along the profiles, and VS30 was not systematic based on the number of shots used in the analysis. Furthermore, VS30 calculated from S-wave refraction tomography are closer to those determined from MASW calculated from Love waves than from using Rayleigh waves.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181161","usgsCitation":"Chan, J.H., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., and Criley, C.J., 2018, VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Napa County, California — Main Street in downtown Napa, Napa fire station number 3, and Kreuzer Lane — Calculations determined from s-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1161, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181161.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 47 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091224","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358146,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F4IAAL","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2015 high resolution seismic data recorded at six strong motion seismograph sites in Napa and Solano counties, California"},{"id":358144,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1161/ofr20181161.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2018-1161"},{"id":358143,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1161/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358145,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181162","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1162","linkHelpText":"- VS30 at three strong-motion recording stations in Napa and Solano Counties, California—Lovall Valley Road, Broadway Street and Sereno Drive in Vallejo, and Vallejo Fire Station—Calculations determined from S-wave refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh and Love)"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa County","city":"Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.33231191016716,\n 38.340761964883995\n ],\n [\n -122.33231191016716,\n 38.28175275852939\n ],\n [\n -122.22277030151793,\n 38.28175275852939\n ],\n [\n -122.22277030151793,\n 38.340761964883995\n ],\n [\n -122.33231191016716,\n 38.340761964883995\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Contact Information,
Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025

","tableOfContents":"
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-10-04","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f79e4b0fc368eb5384d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, Joanne H. 0000-0002-2065-2423 jchan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-2423","contributorId":178625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Joanne","email":"jchan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Criley, Coyn J. 0000-0002-0227-0165 ccriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-0165","contributorId":3312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Coyn","email":"ccriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192302,"text":"70192302 - 2017 - Buried shallow fault slip from the South Napa earthquake revealed by near-field geodesy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T09:32:58","indexId":"70192302","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buried shallow fault slip from the South Napa earthquake revealed by near-field geodesy","docAbstract":"

Earthquake-related fault slip in the upper hundreds of meters of Earth’s surface has remained largely unstudied because of challenges measuring deformation in the near field of a fault rupture. We analyze centimeter-scale accuracy mobile laser scanning (MLS) data of deformed vine rows within ±300 m of the principal surface expression of the M (magnitude) 6.0 2014 South Napa earthquake. Rather than assuming surface displacement equivalence to fault slip, we invert the near-field data with a model that allows for, but does not require, the fault to be buried below the surface. The inversion maps the position on a preexisting fault plane of a slip front that terminates ~3 to 25 m below the surface coseismically and within a few hours postseismically. The lack of surface-breaching fault slip is verified by two trenches. We estimate near-surface slip ranging from ~0.5 to 1.25 m. Surface displacement can underestimate fault slip by as much as 30%. This implies that similar biases could be present in short-term geologic slip rates used in seismic hazard analyses. Along strike and downdip, we find deficits in slip: The along-strike deficit is erased after ~1 month by afterslip. We find no evidence of off-fault deformation and conclude that the downdip shallow slip deficit for this event is likely an artifact. As near-field geodetic data rapidly proliferate and will become commonplace, we suggest that analyses of near-surface fault rupture should also use more sophisticated mechanical models and subsurface geomechanical tests.

","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.1700525","usgsCitation":"Brooks, B.A., Minson, S.E., Glennie, C.L., Nevitt, J., Dawson, T.E., Rubin, R.S., Ericksen, T., Lockner, D.A., Hudnut, K.W., Langenheim, V., Lutz, A., Murray, J.R., Schwartz, D.P., and Zaccone, D., 2017, Buried shallow fault slip from the South Napa earthquake revealed by near-field geodesy: Science Advances, v. 3, no. 7, e1700525; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700525.","productDescription":"e1700525; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088981","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700525","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a1e4b0220bbd9d9f16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glennie, Craig L.","contributorId":198143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glennie","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nevitt, Johanna 0000-0003-3819-1773 jnevitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-1773","contributorId":198144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevitt","given":"Johanna","email":"jnevitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rubin, Ron S.","contributorId":127696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ericksen, Todd 0000-0001-9340-575X tericksen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-575X","contributorId":198145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"Todd","email":"tericksen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":715197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lutz, Andrew","contributorId":198146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zaccone, Dana","contributorId":198147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaccone","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70263401,"text":"70263401 - 2017 - FinDer v.2: Improved real-time ground-motion predictions for M2-M9 with seismic finite-source characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-10T15:32:10.488528","indexId":"70263401","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FinDer v.2: Improved real-time ground-motion predictions for M2-M9 with seismic finite-source characterization","docAbstract":"

Recent studies suggest that small and large earthquakes nucleate similarly, and that they often have indistinguishable seismic waveform onsets. The characterization of earthquakes in real time, such as for earthquake early warning, therefore requires a flexible modeling approach that allows a small earthquake to become large as fault rupture evolves over time. Here, we present a modeling approach that generates a set of output parameters and uncertainty estimates that are consistent with both small/moderate (≤M6.5) and large earthquakes (>M6.5) as is required for a robust parameter interpretation and shaking forecast. Our approach treats earthquakes over the entire range of magnitudes (>M2) as finite line-source ruptures, with the dimensions of small earthquakes being very small (<100 m) and those of large earthquakes exceeding several tens to hundreds of kilometres in length. The extent of the assumed line source is estimated from the level and distribution of high-frequency peak acceleration amplitudes observed in a local seismic network. High-frequency motions are well suited for this approach, because they are mainly controlled by the distance to the rupturing fault. Observed ground-motion patterns are compared with theoretical templates modeled from empirical ground-motion prediction equations to determine the best line source and uncertainties. Our algorithm extends earlier work by Böse et al. for large finite-fault ruptures. This paper gives a detailed summary of the new algorithm and its offline performance for the 2016 M7.0 Kumamoto, Japan and 2014 M6.0 South Napa, California earthquakes, as well as its performance for about 100 real-time detected local earthquakes (2.2 ≤ M ≤ 5.1) in California. For most events, both the rupture length and the strike are well constrained within a few seconds (<10 s) of the event origin. In large earthquakes, this could allow for providing warnings of up to several tens of seconds. The algorithm could also be useful for resolving fault plane ambiguities of focal mechanisms and identification of rupturing faults for earthquakes as small as M2.5.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggx430","usgsCitation":"Boese, M., Smith, D., Felizardo, C., Meier, M., Heaton, T.H., and Clinton, J., 2017, FinDer v.2: Improved real-time ground-motion predictions for M2-M9 with seismic finite-source characterization: Geophysical Journal International, v. 212, no. 1, p. 725-742, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx430.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"742","ipdsId":"IP-087811","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx430","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":481858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, United 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Maren","contributorId":350745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boese","given":"Maren","affiliations":[{"id":80868,"text":"ETH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Deborah 0000-0002-8317-7762","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-7762","contributorId":201885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Felizardo, Claude","contributorId":201876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felizardo","given":"Claude","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, Men-Andrin 0000-0002-2949-8602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-8602","contributorId":293577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meier","given":"Men-Andrin","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heaton, Thomas H.","contributorId":187505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":926855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clinton, J.F.","contributorId":350746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clinton","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[{"id":80868,"text":"ETH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191531,"text":"70191531 - 2017 - Forecasting the (un)productivity of the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa aftershock sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-17T11:26:13","indexId":"70191531","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting the (un)productivity of the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa aftershock sequence","docAbstract":"

The 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa mainshock produced fewer aftershocks than expected for a California earthquake of its magnitude. In the first 4.5 days, only 59 M≥1.8 aftershocks occurred, the largest of which was an M 3.9 that happened a little over two days after the mainshock. We investigate the aftershock productivity of the South Napa sequence and compare it with other M≥5.5 California strike‐slip mainshock–aftershock sequences. While the productivity of the South Napa sequence is among the lowest, northern California mainshocks generally have fewer aftershocks than mainshocks further south, although the productivities vary widely in both regions. An epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model (Ogata, 1988) fit to Napa seismicity from 1980 to 23 August 2014 fits the sequence well and suggests that low‐productivity sequences are typical of this area. Utilizing regional variations in productivity could improve operational earthquake forecasting (OEF) by improving the model used immediately after the mainshock. We show this by comparing the daily rate of M≥2 aftershocks to forecasts made with the generic California model (Reasenberg and Jones, 1989; hereafter, RJ89), RJ89 models with productivity updated daily, a generic California ETAS model, an ETAS model based on premainshock seismicity, and ETAS models updated daily following the mainshock. RJ89 models for which only the productivity is updated provide better forecasts than the generic RJ89 California model, and the Napa‐specific ETAS models forecast the aftershock rates more accurately than either generic model. Therefore, forecasts that use localized initial parameters and that rapidly update the productivity may be better for OEF than using a generic model and/or updating all parameters.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220170050","usgsCitation":"Llenos, A.L., and Michael, A.J., 2017, Forecasting the (un)productivity of the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa aftershock sequence: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, no. 5, p. 1241-1251, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170050.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1241","endPage":"1251","ipdsId":"IP-083327","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e71690e4b05fe04cd33190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. 0000-0002-4088-6737 allenos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6737","contributorId":4455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188293,"text":"70188293 - 2017 - Spatio-temporal mapping of plate boundary faults in California using geodetic imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T15:05:50","indexId":"70188293","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1816,"text":"Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal mapping of plate boundary faults in California using geodetic imaging","docAbstract":"

The Pacific–North American plate boundary in California is composed of a 400-km-wide network of faults and zones of distributed deformation. Earthquakes, even large ones, can occur along individual or combinations of faults within the larger plate boundary system. While research often focuses on the primary and secondary faults, holistic study of the plate boundary is required to answer several fundamental questions. How do plate boundary motions partition across California faults? How do faults within the plate boundary interact during earthquakes? What fraction of strain accumulation is relieved aseismically and does this provide limits on fault rupture propagation? Geodetic imaging, broadly defined as measurement of crustal deformation and topography of the Earth’s surface, enables assessment of topographic characteristics and the spatio-temporal behavior of the Earth’s crust. We focus here on crustal deformation observed with continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) from NASA’s airborne UAVSAR platform, and on high-resolution topography acquired from lidar and Structure from Motion (SfM) methods. Combined, these measurements are used to identify active structures, past ruptures, transient motions, and distribution of deformation. The observations inform estimates of the mechanical and geometric properties of faults. We discuss five areas in California as examples of different fault behavior, fault maturity and times within the earthquake cycle: the M6.0 2014 South Napa earthquake rupture, the San Jacinto fault, the creeping and locked Carrizo sections of the San Andreas fault, the Landers rupture in the Eastern California Shear Zone, and the convergence of the Eastern California Shear Zone and San Andreas fault in southern California. These examples indicate that distribution of crustal deformation can be measured using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and high-resolution topography and can improve our understanding of tectonic deformation and rupture characteristics within the broad plate boundary zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/geosciences7010015","usgsCitation":"Donnellan, A., Arrowsmith, R., and DeLong, S.B., 2017, Spatio-temporal mapping of plate boundary faults in California using geodetic imaging: Geosciences, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7010015.","productDescription":"Article 15; 26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-082746","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7010015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366da6e4b0f6c2d0d7d5f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnellan, Andrea","contributorId":176745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnellan","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arrowsmith, Ramon","contributorId":181555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"Ramon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237031,"text":"70237031 - 2017 - Responses of a 64-story unique San Francisco, CA. building to four earthquakes and ambient motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T19:24:47.26479","indexId":"70237031","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T14:22:44","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Responses of a 64-story unique San Francisco, CA. building to four earthquakes and ambient motions","docAbstract":"We analyze the ambient and earthquake responses of a 64-story, instrumented, concrete core shear wall building in San Francisco, Calif. equipped with tuned sloshing liquid dampers (TSDs) and buckling restraining braces (BRBs). In an earlier paper [1], only ambient data were used to identify dynamic characteristics. Recently, the 72-channel instrumental array of the building recorded the 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa and three other earthquakes – allowing comparison of the dynamic characteristics using ambient and earthquake data. Peak accelerations of ambient and the larger South Napa EQ responses at the basement are 0.12 and 5.2 cm/s/s, respectively – a factor of ~ 42 and, at the 61st level, are 0.30 and 16.8 cm/s/s, respectively –a factor of ~56. Fundamental frequencies determined from spectral ratios for the NS (~0.3Hz), EW (0.27Hz) and torsional accelerations for the earthquake response vary within an insignificant frequency band of ~ 0.02-0.03 Hz as compared to those determined from ambient data. At the level of shaking, BRBs or TSDs are not effective enough to alter dynamic characteristics (frequency or damping). Under future stronger (e.g. design level) shaking of the building, the nonlinearities caused by actions of TSDs and BRBs can substantially shift the dynamic characteristics of the building.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"January 9-13, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Santiago, Chile","language":"English","publisher":"National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., Hooper, J., and Klemencic, R., 2017, Responses of a 64-story unique San Francisco, CA. building to four earthquakes and ambient motions, in Proceedings of the 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, January 9-13, 2017, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-073184","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wcee.nicee.org/wcee/sixteenth_conf_Santiago/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.67608642578126,\n 37.568528265476075\n ],\n [\n -122.28607177734376,\n 37.568528265476075\n ],\n [\n -122.28607177734376,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -122.67608642578126,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -122.67608642578126,\n 37.568528265476075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":853117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, J.","contributorId":66872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooper","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemencic, Ron","contributorId":146973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klemencic","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180377,"text":"70180377 - 2016 - Subsurface fault damage zone of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake viewed from fault‐zone trapped waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T10:38:39","indexId":"70180377","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface fault damage zone of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake viewed from fault‐zone trapped waves","docAbstract":"

The aftershocks of the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake generated prominent fault‐zone trapped waves (FZTWs) that were recorded on two 1.9‐km‐long seismic arrays deployed across the northern projection (array 1, A1) and the southern part (A2) of the surface rupture of the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ). We also observed FZTWs on an array (A3) deployed across the intersection of the Franklin and Southampton faults, which appear to be the southward continuations of the WNFZ. A1, A2, and A3 consisted of 20, 20, and 10 L28 (4.5 Hz) three‐component seismographs. We analyzed waveforms of FZTWs from 55 aftershocks in both time and frequency to characterize the fault damage zone associated with this Mw 6.0 earthquake. Post‐S coda durations of FZTWs increase with epicentral distances and focal depths from the recording arrays, suggesting a low‐velocity waveguide along the WNFZ to depths in excess of 5–7 km. Locations of the aftershocks showing FZTWs, combined with 3D finite‐difference simulations, suggest the subsurface rupture zone having an S‐wave speed reduction of ∼40%–50% between A1 and A2, coincident with the ∼14‐km‐long mapped surface rupture zone and at least an ∼500‐m‐wide deformation zone. The low‐velocity waveguide along the WNFZ extends further southward to at least A3, but with a more moderate‐velocity reduction of 30%–35% at ray depth. This last FZTW observation suggests continuity between the WNFZ and Franklin fault. The waveguide effect may have localized and amplified ground shaking along the WNFZ and the faults farther to the south (see a companion paper by Catchings et al., 2016).

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120160039","collaboration":"Yong-Gang Li, USC; Mark Goldman, USGS","usgsCitation":"Li, Y., Catchings, R.D., and Goldman, M.R., 2016, Subsurface fault damage zone of the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake viewed from fault‐zone trapped waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 6, p. 2747-2763, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160039.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2747","endPage":"2763","ipdsId":"IP-070806","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef0e4b072a7ac0cad31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Yong-Gang","contributorId":178873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Yong-Gang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202187,"text":"70202187 - 2016 - Continuity of the West Napa–Franklin fault zone inferred from guided waves generated by earthquakes following the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T11:14:46","indexId":"70202187","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T11:14:35","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuity of the West Napa–Franklin fault zone inferred from guided waves generated by earthquakes following the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake","docAbstract":"

We measure peak ground velocities from fault‐zone guided waves (FZGWs), generated by on‐fault earthquakes associated with the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake. The data were recorded on three arrays deployed across north and south of the 2014 surface rupture. The observed FZGWs indicate that the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ) and the Franklin fault (FF) are continuous in the subsurface for at least 75 km. Previously published potential‐field data indicate that the WNFZ extends northward to the Maacama fault (MF), and previous geologic mapping indicates that the FF extends southward to the Calaveras fault (CF); this suggests a total length of at least 110 km for the WNFZ–FF. Because the WNFZ–FF appears contiguous with the MF and CF, these faults apparently form a continuous Calaveras–Franklin–WNFZ–Maacama (CFWM) fault that is second only in length (∼300  km) to the San Andreas fault in the San Francisco Bay area. The long distances over which we observe FZGWs, coupled with their high amplitudes (2–10 times the S waves) suggest that strong shaking from large earthquakes on any part of the CFWM fault may cause far‐field amplified fault‐zone shaking. We interpret guided waves and seismicity cross sections to indicate multiple upper crustal splays of the WNFZ–FF, including a northward extension of the Southhampton fault, which may cause strong shaking in the Napa Valley and the Vallejo area. Based on travel times from each earthquake to each recording array, we estimate average P‐, S‐, and guided‐wave velocities within the WNFZ–FF (4.8–5.7, 2.2–3.2, and 1.1–2.8  km/s, respectively), with FZGW velocities ranging from 58% to 93% of the average S‐wave velocities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160154","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Li, Y., and Chan, J.H., 2016, Continuity of the West Napa–Franklin fault zone inferred from guided waves generated by earthquakes following the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 6, p. 2721-2746, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160154.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"2721","endPage":"2746","ipdsId":"IP-068187","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.7\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 37.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Y.-G.","contributorId":213220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Y.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, Joanne H. 0000-0002-2065-2423 jchan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-2423","contributorId":178625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Joanne","email":"jchan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178253,"text":"70178253 - 2016 - Tearing the terroir: Details and implications of surface rupture and deformation from the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T11:14:06","indexId":"70178253","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tearing the terroir: Details and implications of surface rupture and deformation from the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, California","docAbstract":"

The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake of 24 August 2014 caused slip on several active fault strands within the West Napa Fault Zone (WNFZ). Field mapping identified 12.5 km of surface rupture. These field observations, near-field geodesy and space geodesy, together provide evidence for more than ~30 km of surface deformation with a relatively complex distribution across a number of subparallel lineaments. Along a ~7 km section north of the epicenter, the surface rupture is confined to a single trace that cuts alluvial deposits, reoccupying a low-slope scarp. The rupture continued northward onto at least four other traces through subparallel ridges and valleys. Postseismic slip exceeded coseismic slip along much of the southern part of the main rupture trace with total slip 1 year postevent approaching 0.5 m at locations where only a few centimeters were measured the day of the earthquake. Analysis of airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data provides slip distributions along fault traces, indicates connectivity and extent of secondary traces, and confirms that postseismic slip only occurred on the main trace of the fault, perhaps indicating secondary structures ruptured as coseismic triggered slip. Previous mapping identified the WNFZ as a zone of distributed faulting, and this was generally borne out by the complex 2014 rupture pattern. Implications for hazard analysis in similar settings include the need to consider the possibility of complex surface rupture in areas of complex topography, especially where multiple potentially Quaternary-active fault strands can be mapped.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016EA000176","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Donnellan, A., Ponti, D.J., Rubin, R.S., Lienkaemper, J.J., Prentice, C.S., Dawson, T.E., Seitz, G.G., Schwartz, D.P., Hudnut, K.W., Rosa, C.M., Pickering, A.J., and Parker, J.W., 2016, Tearing the terroir: Details and implications of surface rupture and deformation from the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, California: Earth and Space Science, v. 3, no. 10, p. 416-430, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000176.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"430","ipdsId":"IP-070320","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ea000176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 36.97622678464096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f4e4b09065cdf30516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnellan, Andrea","contributorId":176745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnellan","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rubin, Ron S.","contributorId":127696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":139062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rosa, Carla M. crosa@usgs.gov","contributorId":5306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosa","given":"Carla","email":"crosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Parker, Jay W.","contributorId":176746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70174043,"text":"70174043 - 2016 - Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T10:55:55","indexId":"70174043","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-24T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"

Following earthquakes, faults are often observed to continue slipping aseismically. It has been proposed that this afterslip occurs on parts of the fault with rate-strengthening friction that are stressed by the mainshock, but our understanding has been limited by a lack of immediate, high-resolution observations. Here we show that the behavior of afterslip following the 2014 South Napa earthquake varied over distances of only a few kilometers. This variability cannot be explained by coseismic stress changes alone. We present daily positions from continuous and survey GPS sites that we re-measured within 12 hours of the mainshock, and surface displacements from the new Sentinel-1 radar mission. This unique geodetic data set constrains the distribution and evolution of coseismic and postseismic fault slip with exceptional resolution in space and time. We suggest that the observed heterogeneity in behavior is caused by lithological controls on the frictional properties of the fault plane.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GL069428","usgsCitation":"Floyd, M., Walters, R., Elliot, J., Funning, G.J., Svarc, J.L., Murray, J.R., Andy Hooper, Larsen, Y., Marinkovic, P., Bürgmann, R., Johanson, I.A., and Tim Wright, 2016, Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 13, p. 6808-6816, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069428.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6808","endPage":"6816","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075670","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.83538818359375,\n 37.63815995799935\n ],\n [\n -122.83538818359375,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 37.63815995799935\n ],\n [\n -122.83538818359375,\n 37.63815995799935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576e4b9fe4b07657d1a3ab0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Floyd, 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0000-0002-8247-0545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-0545","contributorId":172418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funning","given":"Gareth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6984,"text":"UC Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Andy Hooper","contributorId":172419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andy Hooper","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Larsen, Yngvar","contributorId":172420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Yngvar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27035,"text":"Norut Informasjonteknologi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marinkovic, Petar","contributorId":172421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marinkovic","given":"Petar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27036,"text":"PPO.labs, Den Haag, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bürgmann, Roland","contributorId":172422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bürgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid A. 0000-0002-6049-2225 ijohanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-2225","contributorId":156240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","email":"ijohanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tim Wright","contributorId":172423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tim Wright","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70175112,"text":"70175112 - 2016 - Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex faulting on secondary faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-29T15:11:33","indexId":"70175112","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex faulting on secondary faults","docAbstract":"

We investigate the aftershock sequence of the 2014 MW6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake. Low-magnitude aftershocks missing from the network catalog are detected by applying a matched-filter approach to continuous seismic data, with the catalog earthquakes serving as the waveform templates. We measure precise differential arrival times between events, which we use for double-difference event relocation in a 3D seismic velocity model. Most aftershocks are deeper than the mainshock slip, and most occur west of the mapped surface rupture. While the mainshock coseismic and postseismic slip appears to have occurred on the near-vertical, strike-slip West Napa fault, many of the aftershocks occur in a complex zone of secondary faulting. Earthquake locations in the main aftershock zone, near the mainshock hypocenter, delineate multiple dipping secondary faults. Composite focal mechanisms indicate strike-slip and oblique-reverse faulting on the secondary features. The secondary faults were moved towards failure by Coulomb stress changes from the mainshock slip. Clusters of aftershocks north and south of the main aftershock zone exhibit vertical strike-slip faulting more consistent with the West Napa Fault. The northern aftershocks correspond to the area of largest mainshock coseismic slip, while the main aftershock zone is adjacent to the fault area that has primarily slipped postseismically. Unlike most creeping faults, the zone of postseismic slip does not appear to contain embedded stick-slip patches that would have produced on-fault aftershocks. The lack of stick-slip patches along this portion of the fault may contribute to the low productivity of the South Napa aftershock sequence.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150169","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., and Shelly, D.R., 2016, Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex faulting on secondary faults: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 3, p. 1100-1109, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150169.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1100","endPage":"1109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066544","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 38.45789034424927\n ],\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 38.38795699631398\n ],\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 38.329807044201374\n ],\n [\n -122.34924316406251,\n 38.26406296833964\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 38.23278669950994\n ],\n [\n -122.25173950195311,\n 38.23925875585244\n ],\n [\n -122.23663330078124,\n 38.245730236135294\n ],\n [\n -122.24899291992188,\n 38.278078995562105\n ],\n [\n -122.23114013671875,\n 38.30071455572194\n ],\n [\n -122.23526000976561,\n 38.33088431959968\n ],\n [\n -122.29843139648436,\n 38.382574703770246\n ],\n [\n -122.33276367187499,\n 38.42131826945341\n ],\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -122.44674682617188,\n 38.504116723098505\n ],\n [\n -122.46322631835938,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 38.45789034424927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7e2ae4b0589fa1ca11c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170602,"text":"70170602 - 2016 - Afterslip behavior following the M6.0, 2014 South Napa earthquake with implications for afterslip forecasting on other seismogenic faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T10:36:46","indexId":"70170602","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Afterslip behavior following the M6.0, 2014 South Napa earthquake with implications for afterslip forecasting on other seismogenic faults","docAbstract":"The M6.0, 24 Aug. 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake exhibited unusually large slip for a California strike-slip event of its size with a maximum coseismic surface slip of 40-50 cm in the north section of the 15 km-long rupture. Although only minor (<10 cm) surface slip occurred coseismically in the southern 9-km section of the rupture, there was considerable postseismic slip, so that the maximum total slip one year after the event approached 40-50 cm, about equal to the coseismic maximum in the north. We measured the accumulation of postseismic surface slip on four, ~100-m-long alignment arrays for one year following the event. Because prolonged afterslip can delay reconstruction of fault-damaged buildings and infrastructure, we analyzed its gradual decay to estimate when significant afterslip would likely end. This forecasting of Napa afterslip suggests how we might approach the scientific and engineering challenges of afterslip from a much larger M~7 earthquake anticipated on the nearby, urban Hayward Fault. However, we expect its afterslip to last much longer than one year.The M6.0, 24 Aug. 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake exhibited unusually large slip for a California strike-slip event of its size with a maximum coseismic surface slip of 40-50 cm in the north section of the 15 km-long rupture. Although only minor (<10 cm) surface slip occurred coseismically in the southern 9-km section of the rupture, there was considerable postseismic slip, so that the maximum total slip one year after the event approached 40-50 cm, about equal to the coseismic maximum in the north. We measured the accumulation of postseismic surface slip on four, ~100-m-long alignment arrays for one year following the event. Because prolonged afterslip can delay reconstruction of fault-damaged buildings and infrastructure, we analyzed its gradual decay to estimate when significant afterslip would likely end. This forecasting of Napa afterslip suggests how we might approach the scientific and engineering challenges of afterslip from a much larger M~7 earthquake anticipated on the nearby, urban Hayward Fault. However, we expect its afterslip to last much longer than one year.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150262","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., DeLong, S.B., Domrose, C.J., and Rosa, C.M., 2016, Afterslip behavior following the M6.0, 2014 South Napa earthquake with implications for afterslip forecasting on other seismogenic faults: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 3, p. 609-619, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150262.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"619","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069375","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Napa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.40393066406249,\n 36.94550173495345\n ],\n [\n -123.40393066406249,\n 38.64261790634527\n ],\n [\n -121.39343261718749,\n 38.64261790634527\n ],\n [\n -121.39343261718749,\n 36.94550173495345\n ],\n [\n -123.40393066406249,\n 36.94550173495345\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5723342be4b0b13d39148cbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domrose, Carolyn J","contributorId":168954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domrose","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosa, Carla M. crosa@usgs.gov","contributorId":5306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosa","given":"Carla","email":"crosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189615,"text":"70189615 - 2015 - The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T09:33:52","indexId":"70189615","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa Earthquake: A unilateral rupture with shallow asperity and rapid afterslip","docAbstract":"

The Mw6.1 South Napa earthquake occurred near Napa, California on August 24, 2014 (UTC), and was the largest inland earthquake in Northern California since the 1989 Mw6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake. The first report of the earthquake from the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) indicates a hypocentral depth of 11.0km with longitude and latitude of (122.3105°W, 38.217°N). Surface rupture was documented by field observations and Lidar imaging (Brooks et al. 2014; Hudnut et al. 2014; Brocher et al., 2015), with about 12 km of continuous rupture starting near the epicenter and extending to the northwest. The southern part of the rupture is relatively straight, but the strike changes by about 15° at the northern end over a 6-km segment. The peak dextral offset was observed near the Buhman residence with right-.‐lateral motion of 46 cm, near the location where the strike of fault begins to rotate clock-.‐wise (Hudnut et al., 2014). The earthquake was well recorded by the strong motion network operated by the NCEDC, the California Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). There are about 12 sites within an epicentral distance of 15km, with relatively good azimuthal coverage (Fig.1). The largest peak-ground-velocity (PGV) of nearly 100 cm/s was observed on station 1765, which is the closest station to the rupture and lies about 3 km east of the northern segment (Fig. 1). The ground deformation associated with the earthquake was also well recorded by the high-resolution COSMO-SkyMed satellite and Sentinel-1A satellite, providing independent static observations.

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