The Fort Apache Reservation in east–central Arizona, home to the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, contains several climate zones because of the large variation in surface elevation within the reservation. This study was carried out in cooperation with the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, to raise awareness of how the changing climate affects the Fort Apache Reservation. This report documents the evaluation of existing multidecadal meteorological and hydrological datasets for the Fort Apache Reservation, used to evaluate the effects of a changing climate on the reservation. In this evaluation, near-surface air temperature, snow depth, snow water equivalent, precipitation, and streamflow datasets were analyzed for monotonic trends indicative of changing climatic conditions during specified periods of time. The results of these trend analyses were then compared with the Tribal community's memories of the changing climate.
Trend analysis of near-surface air temperatures from a U.S. Historical Climatological Network station on the Fort Apache Reservation at Whiteriver, Arizona, indicated that mean annual air temperatures have increased by an average of 2.48 degrees Fahrenheit from 1980 to 2023. Records from the same station also indicated that average monthly maximum temperatures recorded for March increased by 5.39 degrees Fahrenheit for the same time period.
Annual precipitation at the five precipitation stations used in this study decreased greatly from the 1980s to 2023. The largest total decrease was 10.07 inches, or 34.7 percent. However, only one of the two precipitation stations with longer term data available prior to 1980 had a significant negative trend when data from the entire period of record, from 1901 to 2023, were analyzed.
Trend analyses show a decrease in the annual maximum snow water equivalent and an earlier disappearance of the snowpack at two Natural Resources Conservation Service snow telemetry stations in the mountainous region just east of the Fort Apache Reservation from 1981 to 2023. Based on the trend analyses, the average annual maximum snow water equivalent has decreased by more than 40 percent at both stations, and the average date when the snowpack was fully melted at the stations in the spring has moved earlier in time from late April to early April or late March. However, a statistically significant trend was not determined for the early April snow water equivalent measured at a nearby Natural Resources Conservation Service snow course across its period of record, indicating that the history of mountain snowpack in this area is not fully understood. Analysis of snowfall data from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Observer Program network station on the Fort Apache Reservation at McNary 2N, AZ (station 025412) indicated that, on average, the measured total annual snowfall at the station decreased 42.4 percent from 1935 to 2023.
Streamflow data from six U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on the Fort Apache Reservation were analyzed for trends. For most streamflow gages, statistically significant trends were not determined for tested parameters when the entire streamflow period of record was used for stations with records going back to at least the 1960s. However, when the data from 1980 to 2023 was tested, most of the streamflow parameters had statistically significant negative trends. All six streamgages showed a decrease in average annual runoff of at least 50 percent from 1980 to 2023; one streamgage showed an 81.8 percent decrease.
A similar statistical finding was observed in the analysis of the annual spring snowmelt peak from one of the six streamgages used in the study and located in an area receiving measurable amounts of snowmelt runoff. When data from the entire period of record (1958–2023) was used, no trend in streamflow was determined; however, a significant negative trend was determined from 1980 to 2023, indicating a decrease in average annual springtime runoff of 62.6 percent. Statistical analysis on the timing of the annual spring snowmelt peak at the same streamgage indicated the snowmelt peak is happening on average about 12 days earlier now (2023) than it did in the past. The trend results for the timing of the annual spring snowmelt peak were the same and statistically significant for both periods tested (1958–2023 and 1980–2023). Two of the streamflow records from the Fort Apache Reservation were compared to the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index computed for Arizona Climate Division 4 (East Central) by the National Centers for Environmental Information. The comparison showed that the streamflow records generally tracked the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index.
In interviews, Tribal community members living on the Fort Apache Reservation described the changes in climate that they observed during their lifetimes. Common themes reported were that air temperatures have become warmer, and the weather is less predictable with changes in seasonal patterns. Drier conditions, lower snowfall, shorter winters, and lower river levels were also reported. These community member observations align with the results of this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2026, Analyses of meteorological and hydrological records support Tribal members’ accounts of changing climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5140, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265140.","productDescription":"Report: x, 58 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-180087","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502810,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P144FN7Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Historical Climatology Network version 2.5 dataset for station Whiteriver 1 SW, Arizona, from 1873 to 2024, used in Analysis of Meteorological and Hydrological Records Support Tribal Members’ Accounts of Changing Climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona"},{"id":502808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/sir20265140.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 XML"},{"id":502809,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/images/"},{"id":502807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265140/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 HTML"},{"id":502806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/sir20265140.pdf","size":"24.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 PDF"},{"id":502805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue, Suite 221
Tucson, AZ 85719
Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Arabia Plate cover about 140,000 square kilometers across a distance of about 3,000 kilometers from southern Yemen to southeastern Turkey. The majority of volcanic products are alkali basalts that erupted in restricted areas, commonly over periods of a million or more years, building mafic lava fields, each known in Arabic as a “harrat.” Harrat volcanism commenced following the Oligocene flood-lava effusions that blanketed the (now) Ethiopian highlands, southern Sudan, and western Yemen, and overlapped the latest Oligocene to early Miocene initial riftings of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, but the majority of harrat volcanism has been since approximately 13–10 million years ago. Persistent harrat magmatism in restricted locations led to the development of intermediate and evolved magmas (hawaiites, mugearites, benmoreites, trachytes, comendites, and phonolites) mainly through intracrustal crystallization-differentiation. Most of these intermediate and evolved magmas erupt at sites of the greatest aggregate volcanic relief, reflecting sites of the greatest overall magmatic fluxes. Production of fractionated magmas at these sites negates “monogenetic” as an appropriate descriptor of harrat volcanism. This chapter summarizes the geologic, eruptive, and tectonic history and aspects of the petrogenesis of the Cenozoic Arabian alkalic province. Particular emphasis is placed on results of a joint study of Ḩarrat Rahat adjacent to the city of Al Madīnah al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, published as U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 and Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1. A goal of this chapter is to provide an introduction to those unfamiliar with this vast, enigmatic, and fascinating region of distributed continental volcanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1890J","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Calvert, A.T., 2026, Cenozoic distributed volcanism of the Arabia Plate—A review, chap. J of Poland, M.P., Ort, M.H., Stovall, W.K., Vaughan, R.G., Connor, C.B., and Rumpf, M.E., eds., Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1890, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1890J.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154541","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502815,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/images"},{"id":502814,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/pp1890J.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J XML"},{"id":502813,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1890J/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J HTML"},{"id":502812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/pp1890J.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J PDF"},{"id":502811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court Bldg. 10
Vancouver, WA 98683
There have been sporadic reports of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus proliferations in freshwater rivers, lakes, and reservoirs for four decades, with reports increasing in frequency over the last twenty years, suggesting a possible rise in their global distribution, frequency, and intensity. Microcoleus can produce anatoxins which are neurotoxic, and ingestion of toxic mats has caused hundreds of dog fatalities and raised serious human and ecological health concerns. This review synthesizes and evaluates current knowledge on Microcoleus distribution, taxonomy, toxin production, toxicity, ecology, environmental drivers, and biotic interactions. Toxin-producing Microcoleus have been reported in at least 18 countries, though many regions have not conducted toxin testing, suggesting a broader but under-reported distribution. Proliferations occur across diverse habitats, including cobble-bedded streams, large sandy rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. Microcoleus proliferations also occur on macrophytes, both in lakes and rivers. Genomic analyses currently classify anatoxin-producing Microcoleus into distinct species, with all known anatoxin-producers isolated from freshwater ecosystems. Anatoxin concentrations vary widely over space and time, within and among waterbodies. While studies on environmental drivers remain limited, research in cobble-bedded rivers suggests that moderate enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and low dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations in the water column promote proliferation. Metagenomic approaches have revealed unique nutrient acquisition and storage strategies used by Microcoleus. Key knowledge gaps remain around the environmental and ecological triggers of proliferation, toxin production, genomic diversity and microbial interactions. Addressing these gaps through coordinated, global studies using robust datasets and consistent methods is critical to improve prediction, monitoring, and mitigation of this increasingly widespread public and ecological health threat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125441","usgsCitation":"Kelly, L.T., Beach, D.G., Blaszczak, J.R., Bouma-Gregson, K., Brown, S.M., Cheng, H., Davidson, J.L., Fastner, J., Francis, M., Garcia Jimenez, A., Genzoli, L., Goel, R., Gonzalez, D., Handley, K.M., Hilt, S., Humbert, J., Jamieson, R., Johnston, L., Junier, P., Lawrence, J., McCarron, P., Meissner, S., Mormando, J., Puddick, J., Quiblier, C., Rajpirathap, N., Schampera, C., Selwood, A., Shearer, K., Sohrab, A., Stancheva, R., Valadez-Cano, C., Zebrecky, J.M., and Wood, S.A., 2026, The global proliferation of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus: Taxonomy, distribution, toxin production, ecology, and future directions: Water Research, v. 294, 125441, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.125441.","productDescription":"125441, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183789","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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Jordan M.","contributorId":366196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebrecky","given":"Jordan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":955405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Wood, Susanna A.","contributorId":366197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Susanna","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":955406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}} ,{"id":70275000,"text":"gip265 - 2026 - Mount Rainier volcanic hazard information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-15T15:09:54.184048","indexId":"gip265","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-14T15:46:56","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information 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Hot rock and ash ejected during an eruption can melt large quantities of snow and ice, forming huge, fast moving mudflows called lahars that travel 30+ miles, all the way to Puget Sound. Very large lahars can also form when weak and water-saturated rock high on the volcano collapses with or without volcanic activity. Learn more inside!
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip265","isbn":"978-1-4113-4657-4","usgsCitation":"Weiss-Racine, H.F., Bard, J.A., Ball, J.L, and Mastin, C.L., 2026, Mount Rainier volcanic hazard information: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 265, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip265.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-186867","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/265/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/265/gip265.pdf","text":"Brochure","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 265"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.09920525440018,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -122.7,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -122.7,\n 47.6\n ],\n [\n -121.09920525440018,\n 47.6\n ],\n [\n -121.09920525440018,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, Washington, 98683-9589
Coral bleaching events have become increasingly common across the Hawaiian Archipelago since 1996 because of more frequent and intense marine heatwaves. The most significant bleaching event to date occurred from 2014 to 2015, which resulted in catastrophic state-wide coral loss. Bleaching events with less severe effects also occurred in 1996 and 2019. To understand the long-term effects of repeated bleaching events, along with other anthropogenic factors such as water quality, storms, sewage runoff, and coastal development, on coral reefs on the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the National Park Service, collected underwater imagery in the early 2000s (baseline survey) and again in 2022 (resurvey). These images were captured within and adjacent to the National Historic Parks (NHP) and National Historic Sites (NHS) of Kaloko-Honokōhau NHP (KAHO), Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP (PUHO), and Puʻukohola Heiau NHS (PUHE). Imagery was classified for live coral cover and dominant type (four coral types, rubble, macroalgae, and two bottom substrate types). Change of percent live coral cover was determined for all sites. Change of coral and non-coral dominant types were calculated by aggregating classifications for each park into coral and non-coral. Net coral cover decreased between the baseline and resurvey period across all three parks, though PUHE exhibited the greatest loss of live coral cover. Across all three parks, the occurrence of lower coral cover classes (0–20 percent) increased and higher coral cover classes (greater than 50 percent) decreased. Furthermore, the total occurrence of non-coral dominant type classifications (rubble, macroalgae, sand, and volcanic pavement) increased by approximately 25 percent across all three parks, with PUHE experiencing a nearly 90-percent increase in the occurrence of non-coral types. There was little to no effect of water depth on change of live coral cover, indicating that marine heatwave driven bleaching events and additional anthropogenic influences affected the entire reef across all water depths from the lower fore reef to the reef flat.
Because coral loss was more severe at PUHE and PUHO than KAHO, creating a monitoring framework that utilizes periodic underwater camera surveys and fixed diver transects by the National Park Service would contextualize the periodic spatial surveys to the fixed transects that have greater temporal resolution. Similarly, increased frequency of spatial surveys would allow for the National Park Service to continue monitoring changes to critical nearshore habitats and marine resources relevant to National Park jurisdiction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","programNote":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","usgsCitation":"McPherson, M.L., Logan, J.B., Alkins, K.A., Groff, S., Hatcher, G.A., Gibbs, A.E., Cochran, S.A., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2026, Evaluation of benthic habitat change within the national historic sites of Hawaiʻi’s Kona Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1061, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261061.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 28 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-178080","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502799,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZPWNS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Underwater imagery and classifications of the substrate and coral reef habitat on the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, from 2003, 2004, and 2022"},{"id":502798,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/images"},{"id":502797,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/ofr20261061.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1061 XML"},{"id":502796,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261061/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1061 HTML"},{"id":502794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502795,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/ofr20261061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1061 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kona Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.77407070286742,\n 20.114961049183847\n ],\n [\n -156.2156728366818,\n 20.114961049183847\n ],\n [\n -156.2156728366818,\n 19.280147118202123\n ],\n [\n -155.77407070286742,\n 19.280147118202123\n ],\n [\n -155.77407070286742,\n 20.114961049183847\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, Virginia 23228
Characterizing terrain surface properties is an essential step in assessing the feasibility of landing successfully at a location on a planetary surface. Slopes and terrain ruggedness index (TRI) values derived from high-resolution (2 m pixel−1) digital terrain models provided important constraints in selecting the landing site for the upcoming Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon program as part of the Commercial Lunar Payload Services task order CP-21 mission. The selected landing site needed to balance safety requirements with the ability to achieve the science and exploration goals of the Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer payload. In this study, we compare several morphometric parameters in the context of the CP-21 landing site on Mons Gruithuisen Gamma, or the Gamma dome, and quantify the information they convey about lunar surface properties to assess their utility for future landing site evaluation. TRI was found to be a useful metric for assessing landing site safety. Metrics that better decouple slope and surface roughness, the vector ruggedness measure and the standard deviation of slope, provided additional information about surface characteristics and textures such as the degree to which roughness is isotropic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","doi":"10.3847/PSJ/ae523b","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Valencia, S., Bennett, K.A., Landis, M., Donaldson Hanna, K.L., Dove, A.T., O'Brien, P., Denevi, B.W., Hagerty, J., Hardgrove, C., Hayne, P.O., LaMee, A., Prettyman, T.H., Shirley, K.A., Siegler, M.A., and Sunshine, J.M., 2026, Morphometric properties of the CP-21 landing site on the Moon at Mons Gruithuisen Gamma: Planetary Science Journal, v. 7, no. 4, 78, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ae523b.","productDescription":"78, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177339","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon, Mons Gruithuisen Gamma","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":291741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Jean-Pierre","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valencia, Sarah","contributorId":369959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valencia","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Kristen A. 0000-0001-8105-7129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-7129","contributorId":237068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landis, Margaret E.","contributorId":176713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landis","given":"Margaret E.","affiliations":[{"id":25655,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E. University Blvd., The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donaldson Hanna, Kerri L.","contributorId":237920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donaldson Hanna","given":"Kerri","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24567,"text":"UCF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dove, Addison T.","contributorId":337563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dove","given":"Addison","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Brien, Patrick 0000-0002-8956-2741","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-2741","contributorId":361059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Brien","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":86177,"text":"School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Denevi, Brett W.","contributorId":210563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denevi","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hardgrove, Craig","contributorId":13546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardgrove","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hayne, Paul O.","contributorId":331019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayne","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":79091,"text":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"LaMee, Adam","contributorId":369963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaMee","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":18879,"text":"University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Prettyman, Thomas H.","contributorId":267902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prettyman","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shirley, Katherine A.","contributorId":369965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Katherine","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25447,"text":"University of Oxford","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Siegler, Matthew A.","contributorId":237898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegler","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24584,"text":"PSI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Sunshine, Jessica M.","contributorId":149244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sunshine","given":"Jessica","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17688,"text":"Univ. Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70275019,"text":"ofr20261001 - 2026 - Proceedings of the Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring Workshop for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Element of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, January 7–8, 2025, Moline, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-15T14:24:34.761539","indexId":"ofr20261001","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-13T11:56:12","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1001","displayTitle":"Proceedings of the Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring Workshop for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Element of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, January 7–8, 2025, Moline, Illinois","title":"Proceedings of the Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring Workshop for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Element of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, January 7–8, 2025, Moline, Illinois","docAbstract":"In anticipation for increased funding made possible by the Water Resources Development Act of 2020, the Upper Mississippi River Restoration (UMRR) Program identified a need to conduct river-wide assessments of floodplain vegetation. In January 2025, we assembled a group of subject matter experts to perform the following tasks:
This document is a summarization of what occurred at the meeting and provides suggested next steps toward developing the capacity to conduct routine long-term monitoring and assessment of floodplain vegetation as part of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program and the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center","usgsCitation":"Weiss, S.A., Trumper, M.L., De Jager, N.R., Guyon, L.J., and Van Appledorn, M., 2026, Proceedings of the Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring Workshop for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Element of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, January 7–8, 2025, Moline, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1001, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261001.","productDescription":"viii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-179749","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502679,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261001/full"},{"id":502678,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/images/"},{"id":502675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/ofr20261001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1001"},{"id":502677,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/ofr20261001.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.84995652179344,\n 47.38059349406069\n ],\n [\n -94.51879131555569,\n 45.1779196807436\n ],\n [\n -91.67435276851998,\n 43.23290915291983\n ],\n [\n -91.65945041845046,\n 38.647765678088035\n ],\n [\n -89.78655455017767,\n 38.796516838946786\n ],\n [\n -90.68564412568368,\n 40.42375517193139\n ],\n [\n -89.76470125204189,\n 42.49536202047\n ],\n [\n -92.0520195269138,\n 45.04310183668423\n ],\n [\n -94.84995652179344,\n 47.38059349406069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603
This circular presents a strategic outlook for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) for the next 10 years (2026–36). The ASL is a USGS field office in the Geological Hazards Science Center that operates portions of the Advanced National Seismic System and the Global Seismographic Network and focuses on fundamental research for instrumentation testing and data quality. The strategic outlook is categorized into two types of tasks: “Foundational Tasks” and “Aspirational Tasks.” Foundational Tasks are those that maintain the laboratory’s basic operations and services, including regional and global seismic monitoring, improving data quality, and providing instrument testing and support. A suite of Aspirational Tasks is also articulated; these can be considered priority targets of ASL that could improve ASL’s seismic monitoring capabilities and mission. Such tasks include improvements to remote stations, testing capabilities of nonseismic geophysical instruments, detection threshold monitoring, rapid aftershock deployments, and expanding seismic monitoring networks. This report was written with input from the USGS Geological Hazards Science Center, the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP), and colleagues with an interest in the work done by the ASL. Although the details of these tasks may change, this document can provide guidance on the overarching tasks at the ASL from 2026 to 2036 and an overview of the various components of the ASL and how they fit into the EHP and the Global Seismographic Network Program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1563","programNote":"Global Seismographic Network Program and Earthquake Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Wilson, D.C., Anthony, R., Beutel, C.I., Holcomb, A., Hutt, C.R., and Telesha, T., 2026, Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory strategic vision: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1563, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1563.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-170747","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502214,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1563/cir1563.xml"},{"id":502213,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1563/images"},{"id":502212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1563/cir1563.pdf","text":"Report","size":"55.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1563"},{"id":502211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1563/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502753,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1563/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Circular 1563"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 966
Denver, CO 80225
The Albuquerque National Laboratory is a U.S. Geological Survey field office in the Geological Hazards Science Center that operates portions of the Advanced National Seismic System and the Global Seismographic Network and focuses on fundamental research for instrumentation testing and data quality. These seismic networks provide the data used by the U.S. Geological Survey to meet the needs of earthquake monitoring within the multiagency National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. This report highlights the key priorities of the Albuquerque National Laboratory during the next ten years (2026–36) and indicates where the laboratory could focus efforts to improve earthquake monitoring.
","publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beutel, Corey I.","contributorId":363197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beutel","given":"Corey","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":86649,"text":"Kegman ASL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holcomb, Andrew","contributorId":363195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":86647,"text":"KBR-ASL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R.","contributorId":336749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Telesha, Tom 0009-0001-1826-0359","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1826-0359","contributorId":369281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telesha","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274718,"text":"sir20255093 - 2026 - Opportunities and challenges in using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers for monitoring cyanotoxins in freshwater and estuarine environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-15T14:33:09.663008","indexId":"sir20255093","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-13T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5093","displayTitle":"Opportunities and Challenges in Using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) Samplers for Monitoring Cyanotoxins in Freshwater and Estuarine Environments","title":"Opportunities and challenges in using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers for monitoring cyanotoxins in freshwater and estuarine environments","docAbstract":"Cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) represent a substantial threat to drinking water supplies and safe recreational uses of freshwater resources in watersheds worldwide. Monitoring cyanotoxins can be difficult because toxin events are variable in both space and time, are not always persistent, can be moved easily by wind and currents, and may be degraded biotically or abiotically. Thus, monitoring programs that collect discrete samples on a monthly or even bimonthly interval can miss key events and underestimate cyanotoxin risk or if they capture a high-concentration event, can give a false impression that cyanotoxins are a widespread health hazard. The use of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers helps address this issue by providing a time-weighted average estimate of dissolved cyanotoxin occurrence and relative concentrations. SPATT samplers have been used as a complement to traditional monitoring programs and can help elucidate cyanotoxin dynamics. SPATT samplers have been used by six U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Science Centers (New York, California, Oregon, Upper Midwest, New Jersey, and Lower Mississippi-Gulf) to monitor various cyanotoxins in waterbodies such as streams, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, estuaries, and drinking- water intakes. Despite their use across the USGS, there is little guidance available to ensure consistent approaches and data quality across the Bureau. This report summarizes best practices for SPATT deployment and analysis, synthesizes data and describes lessons learned from USGS studies, identifies priority knowledge gaps, and offers considerations for future targeted experiments to help improve data collection and interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255093","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area—National Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Jaegge, A.C., Bouma-Gregson, K., Byl, T.D., Carpenter, K.D., Christensen, V.G., Gorney, R.M., Graham, J.L., Heckathorn, H.A., Olds, H.T., Reilly, P.A., Rosen, J.J., and Stouder, M.D., 2026, Opportunities and challenges in using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) samplers for monitoring cyanotoxins in freshwater and estuarine environments: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5093, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255093.","productDescription":"Report: x, 39 p.; 6 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-153043","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502259,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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6000 J Street, Placer Hall
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The Caloosahatchee River, located in southwest Florida, is a eutrophic and colored river that flows from Lake Okeechobee westward into its estuary and the Gulf of America. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a documented problem along this freshwater-to-marine waterway where nutrient enrichment has been identified as a key factor in bloom occurrence but has not been experimentally tested in the river. This study is the first to test the effects of inorganic nutrient loading on phytoplankton assemblages in the Caloosahatchee River and the effects of different nutrient sources on phytoplankton dynamics at different times of the year. Three independent, in situ experiments were conducted to test the effects of daily, incrementally increased ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate loading on phytoplankton at different times of the year (summer, fall, winter). Over the 72-hour enclosure period, phytoplankton abundance metrics (cell concentration, chlorophyll-a, and phycocyanin), dissolved oxygen, and pH increased, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter and turbidity decreased in all treatments and controls. Increased phytoplankton abundance metrics relative to controls were observed after 72 hours of exposure to elevated ammonium and nitrate in summer and only ammonium in winter, suggesting periodic nitrogen limitation; however, no treatment effects on phytoplankton assemblage structure in terms of resemblance and diversity metrics were found. Increases in total cell concentrations were driven by elevated growth rates of already dominant taxa but not sufficiently to form a visible bloom. Cyanobacteria consistently dominated the phytoplankton, particularly Aphanocapsa and Merismopedia, whereas the common HAB-forming Microcystis maintained consistently low abundance. This study provides new information on the ecology of phytoplankton assemblages in the Caloosahatchee River and could be used by water resources managers to evaluate strategies for controlling cyanobacterial HABs in the river.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265141","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nova Southeastern University, and Florida Gulf Coast University","programNote":"Environmental Health Program","usgsCitation":"Mazzei, V., Loftin, K.A., Karwacki, E., Lopez, J.V., Krausfeldt, L.E., Rosen, B.H., and Urakawa, H., 2026, Phytoplankton responses to experimental nitrogen and phosphorus loading in the eutrophic and colored Caloosahatchee River, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5141, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265141.","productDescription":"Report: x, 32 p.; 3 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-146459","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502717,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119361.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502324,"rank":7,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5141/sir20265141.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5141 XML"},{"id":502323,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JX9NA1","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality profiles within the Caloosahatchee River and twelve fiberglass tanks, during experimental nutrient addition treatments, 2021 (ver. 1.1, August 2024)"},{"id":502322,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99ELCEC","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Caloosahatchee River nutrient enrichment mesocosms—Phytoplankton taxonomic quantification September 2019, June 2020, September 2020, February 2021"},{"id":502321,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P900BQZR","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality profiles within the Caloosahatchee River and twelve fiberglass tanks, during experimental nutrient addition treatments, 2020"},{"id":502317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5141/sir20265141.pdf","size":"10.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5141"},{"id":502309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5141/images"},{"id":502310,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5141/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":502325,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265141/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5141 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Caloosahatchee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80,\n 27.33\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 27.33\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 26.4\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 26.4\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 27.33\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"Harmful algal blooms, particularly cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs), have emerged as a substantial global concern because of their detrimental effects on water quality and aquatic ecosystem health. CyanoHABs can produce cyanotoxins, which pose serious health risks to humans and wildlife, such as liver failure and respiratory distress. This is particularly concerning for water bodies that serve as drinking- water sources. Recent trends indicate an increase in the frequency and intensity of cyanoHABs globally. This study focuses on the Raritan Basin Water Supply Complex in New Jersey, where extensive monitoring was conducted from August 2020 to August 2021 to assess the presence of cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins. The research utilized a combination of discrete water- quality sampling, continuous monitoring, and solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) to capture the dynamics of cyanotoxin occurrence and potential transport. Findings revealed a widespread presence of cyanobacteria and potential for cyanotoxin production, although actual cyanotoxin concentrations remained below drinking water and recreational thresholds. The study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the New Jersey Water Supply Authority (NJWSA) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), highlighted the limitations of traditional sampling methods and emphasized that continuous monitoring can support better understanding of how cyanoHAB conditions change over time and in different places. Genetic testing included quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses, which demonstrated higher sensitivity, or increased findings of cyanobacteria compared to microscopy, indicating the potential for use in early warning systems. This research underscores that integrating various detection methods and hydrological data can enhance understanding of cyanotoxin dynamics in river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Water Supply Authority and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Gorney, R.M., Heckathorn, H.A., Clonan, K.R., Reilly, P.A., Cahalane, K., and Bjorklund, B.W., 2026, Occurrence of cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins in the Raritan Basin Water Supply Complex, New Jersey, August 2020 to August 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5128, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265128.","productDescription":"Report, ix, 30 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502716,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119360.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502331,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1S5DQ6A","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Cyanobacteria, other water-quality, and discharge data collected from the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, August 2020 through August 2021"},{"id":502326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":502327,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/sir20265128.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5128 PDF"},{"id":502329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/sir20265128.XML","description":"SIR 2026-5128 XML"},{"id":502330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/images"},{"id":502328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265128/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5128 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Raritan Basin Water Supply Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.0833,\n 40.9167\n ],\n [\n -75.0833,\n 40.0167\n ],\n [\n -74.1667,\n 40.0167\n ],\n [\n -74.1667,\n 40.9167\n ],\n [\n -75.0833,\n 40.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648
Director, Central Plains Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive Lawrence, KS 66049
5231 South 19th Street Lincoln, NE 68512
The 2024 annual report of the U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center highlights accomplishments of 2024, includes a list of 2024 publications, and summarizes the work of the center, as well as the work of each of its science groups. This product allows readers to gain a general understanding of the focus areas of the center’s scientific research and learn more about specific projects and progress made throughout 2024, all while enjoying photographs taken in various environments and laboratories, and applicable maps and figures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1564","usgsCitation":"Ernst, S., 2026, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center—2024 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1564, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1564.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-176220","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1564/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501548,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1564/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"CIR 1564 HTML"},{"id":501547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1564/cir1564.pdf","size":"39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1564 PDF"},{"id":501549,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1564/cir1564.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"CIR 1564 XML"},{"id":501550,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1564/images/"}],"contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543–1598
Lake St. Clair Metropark Beach in Michigan has a history of closures because of elevated Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations in its recreational waters. To reduce closures, restoration projects were implemented in 2021 to deter waterfowl from congregating on the beach. In this study, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Michigan Department of the Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy and in collaboration with Huron- Clinton Metroparks and the Macomb County Health Department, monitored E. coli from 2022–23 in surface water, shallow groundwater, and sediment at Lake St. Clair Metropark Beach. Results were compared to data from a prerestoration (2018–19) study. A significant decrease in daily geometric mean E. coli concentrations in surface water was observed postrestoration, but the number of high concentration events increased. This resulted in more frequent beach closures postrestoration. Surface- sediment E. coli concentrations significantly decreased after restoration, and waterfowl populations generally decreased from 2021 to 2023, suggesting that the deterrence measures could be influencing E. coli concentrations in surface sediments and surface water. Groundwater E. coli concentrations were orders of magnitude higher than those in surface water and revealed no change correlated with restoration. Seepage measurements indicated that groundwater occasionally discharges into surface water, potentially providing a transport mechanism for E. coli to reach the lake. Continued monitoring and consideration of environmental factors could help to better understand the beach system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265134","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy","usgsCitation":"Lockmiller, H.A., Byers, V.C., and Fogarty, L.R., 2026, Escherichia coli monitoring and assessment in 2022 and 2023 after beach restoration at Lake St. Clair Metropark Beach, Macomb County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5134, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265134.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 24 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-165989","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502714,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119358.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502187,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the Nation","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database"},{"id":502186,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GGCXS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water flux and avian species data at Lake St. Clair Metropark in Macomb County, Michigan, collected during recreational seasons of 2021, 2022, and 2023"},{"id":502184,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5134/sir20265134.XML","description":"SIR 2026-5134 XML"},{"id":502183,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265134/full","text":"HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5134 HTML"},{"id":502182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5134/sir20265134.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5134"},{"id":502181,"rank":2,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5134/images"},{"id":502180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5134/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake St. Clair Metropark Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.7975,\n 42.57167\n ],\n [\n -82.7975,\n 42.570278\n ],\n [\n -82.794722,\n 42.570278\n ],\n [\n -82.794722,\n 42.57167\n ],\n [\n -82.7975,\n 42.57167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), have been detected at combined concentrations above 2,000 nanograms per liter (ng/L) at groundwater seep locations near the Coakley Landfill Superfund site, in North Hampton, New Hampshire. The landfill was active from 1972 to 1985. An impermeable cap was placed on the landfill in 1998. The adjacent area to the Coakley Landfill has many water supply wells, and transport of PFAS compounds to the wells is a concern. Fracture anisotropy in the underlying bedrock aquifer complicates the understanding of PFAS transport because groundwater preferentially travels along fractures that may not align with the prevailing groundwater flow direction. In 2018, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey began an investigation of the groundwater flow from the Coakley Landfill site. This report describes the modification of a numerical groundwater-flow model for the local area around the Coakley Landfill and summarizes findings of the investigation. In addition, this report includes a brief description of PFOA and PFOS occurrence, a discussion of model construction, evaluation of model performance through calibration, and discussion of simulation results for two periods (before and after capping). Limitations are also discussed. Results show that simulated groundwater flow moves from the Coakley Landfill to the west and north. Advective transport modeling using particle tracking shows that groundwater from the landfill discharges primarily to streams to the west and north, and a small amount is transported to distal wells. Dilution of contaminants through advection and dispersion likely plays a role in whether PFAS compounds from the landfill will be detected above laboratory reporting levels at distal wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"EarthArXiv","doi":"10.31223/X53761","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., and Collins, A.L., 2026, Simulation of groundwater flow to evaluate hydrogeologic controls on a PFAS plume, Coakley Landfill Superfund Site, Rockingham County, New Hampshire: EarthArXiv, preprint posted April 09, 2026, https://doi.org/10.31223/X53761.","productDescription":"72 p.","ipdsId":"IP-188248","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Phil 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":369789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harte","given":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":63928,"text":"Former USGS (ret.)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Andrew L. 0000-0003-4751-7333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4751-7333","contributorId":332093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70275062,"text":"70275062 - 2026 - Incorporating data sets with multiple sources of uncertainty in integrated species distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T16:29:45.038418","indexId":"70275062","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-09T09:24:19","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating data sets with multiple sources of uncertainty in integrated species distribution models","docAbstract":"Data integration methods aim to improve species distribution estimates by incorporating multiple sources of uncertainty across datasets. Two major sources of uncertainty are: (1) variation in sampling effort across space and within datasets, and (2) variation in reliability associated with data collection protocols or timing among datasets. Our goal was to evaluate how different approaches to address these uncertainties influence predictive performance of integrated models. We modeled distributions of four bird species using three datasets that differed in sampling design. We examined three strategies to reduce uncertainty: (1) filtering data, (2) incorporating functions that account for uncertainty in observation models, and (3) varying how datasets are integrated into a single estimate. We first examine methods to account for variable effort in observations, focusing on both spatial differences in sampling intensity and effort given to a single observation record. We then examine approaches to account for data sets with differing reliability. Sampling effort was best addressed through conservative filtering, including spatial thinning and excluding observations with highly variable effort. Next, we considered how to account for potential false positive detections—due to either misidentification or changes in distributions. We found that treating less reliable data as a covariate, an approach previously suggested for data integration that can greatly speed up model fitting, performed well. Other effective approaches included directly modeling false positive rates and complete exclusion of less reliable data sets. Our results provide insights into best practices in integrated modeling for handling uncertainty in integrated models. We demonstrate the flexible options available when using integrated models to address uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.73185","usgsCitation":"Lunt, F., Scher, C.L., Mummah, R.O., and Miller, D.A., 2026, Incorporating data sets with multiple sources of uncertainty in integrated species distribution models: Ecology and Evolution, v. 16, no. 4, e73185, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.73185.","productDescription":"e73185, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180463","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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These veins are of particular scientific interest because they are interpreted as indicators of past fluid circulation on Mars and provide insights into the evolution of habitability on Mars. Their identification, however, currently relies on manual visual inspection of Remote Micro Imager (RMI) images, a process that is time-consuming and sensitive to differences in human interpretation. To address this issue, in this paper we introduce a novel pixel-level labeled, multimodal dataset of ChemCam observations specifically tailored for vein detection, along with customized U-Net models to integrate both textural (RMI) and chemical (LIBS) modalities. To further ensure trustworthy scientific use, we incorporate the Learn-Then-Test (LTT) framework to provide statistical control of the false discovery rate without requiring model retraining. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed customized U-Net models trained on the developed dataset, combined with risk-controlled prediction, increases the efficiency of pixel-level vein identification through automation and produces statistically reliable predictions for multimodal ChemCam data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-47207-0","usgsCitation":"Lomashvili, A., Rammelkamp, K., Bhattacharjee, P., Gasnault, O., Clavé, E., Egerland, C.H., Schröder, S., Gabriel, T.S., Essunfeld, A., Le Mouélic, S., and Demir, B., 2026, Semantic segmentation of light-toned veins in multimodal ChemCam data: Scientific Reports, v. 16, 12052, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47207-0.","productDescription":"12052, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-187556","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lomashvili, Ana","contributorId":369911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lomashvili","given":"Ana","affiliations":[{"id":64112,"text":"German Aerospace Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rammelkamp, Kristin","contributorId":289781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rammelkamp","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":62247,"text":"Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhattacharjee, Protim","contributorId":369912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhattacharjee","given":"Protim","affiliations":[{"id":64112,"text":"German Aerospace Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gasnault, Olivier","contributorId":181928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gasnault","given":"Olivier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clavé, Elise","contributorId":296842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clavé","given":"Elise","affiliations":[{"id":64188,"text":"Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Egerland, Christoph H.","contributorId":369913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egerland","given":"Christoph","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":64112,"text":"German Aerospace Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schröder, Susanne","contributorId":351652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schröder","given":"Susanne","affiliations":[{"id":47627,"text":"DLR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gabriel, Travis S.J. 0000-0002-9767-4153","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-4153","contributorId":267903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabriel","given":"Travis","middleInitial":"S.J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Essunfeld, Ari","contributorId":369917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Essunfeld","given":"Ari","affiliations":[{"id":48588,"text":"Los Alamos National Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Demir, Begüm","contributorId":369925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demir","given":"Begüm","affiliations":[{"id":87885,"text":"BIFOLD and Tu Berlin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70274763,"text":"cir1566 - 2026 - Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2024 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-13T13:31:18.943733","indexId":"cir1566","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-09T07:47:15","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1566","displayTitle":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2024 Annual Report","title":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2024 annual report","docAbstract":"The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) monitors volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with the Yellowstone magmatic system, carries out research into magmatic processes occurring beneath Yellowstone Caldera, and issues timely warnings and guidance related to potential future geologic hazards. YVO is a collaborative consortium that includes the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Yellowstone National Park, University of Utah, University of Wyoming, Montana State University, EarthScope Consortium, Wyoming State Geological Survey, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, and Idaho Geological Survey. The USGS component of YVO also has the operational responsibility for monitoring volcanic activity in the Intermountain West of the United States, including Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2024, focusing on the Yellowstone volcanic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1566","usgsCitation":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 2026, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2024 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1566, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1566.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; Infographic","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-175178","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502316,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1566/images"},{"id":502315,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1566/cir1566.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"CIRC 1566 XML"},{"id":502311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1566/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1566/cir1566.pdf","text":"Report","size":"42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1566 PDF"},{"id":502313,"rank":3,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1566/cir1566_infographic.pdf","text":"Infographic","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1566 Infographic"},{"id":502314,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1566/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"CIRC 1566 HTML"},{"id":502712,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119357.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.16258179005546,\n 45.11759231779851\n ],\n [\n -111.16258179005546,\n 44.133614417965674\n ],\n [\n -109.62368747854985,\n 44.133614417965674\n ],\n [\n -109.62368747854985,\n 45.11759231779851\n ],\n [\n -111.16258179005546,\n 45.11759231779851\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
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","tableOfContents":"The Cedar River alluvial aquifer is the source of drinking water in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Production wells are completed in the alluvial aquifer approximately 40 to 80 feet below land surface. The City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have studied the groundwater-flow system and water quality of the aquifer in the vicinity of Cedar Rapids since 1992. Results of these studies documented hydrologic conditions, water quality, and geochemistry of the alluvial aquifer and interactions with the Cedar River. Water-quality samples were collected for studies involving well field monitoring, trends, source-water protection, groundwater geochemistry, surface-water–groundwater interaction, and pesticides in groundwater and surface water. Water quality was analyzed for dissolved major ions (boron, bromide, calcium, chloride, fluoride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, sulfate, and total dissolved solids), dissolved nutrients (ammonia as nitrogen, ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, nitrite as nitrogen, orthophosphate as phosphorus, and phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, and selected pesticides. Physical characteristics (alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and water temperature) were measured on site and recorded for each water sample collected. This report presents the results of routine water-quality data-collection activities from October 2017 through September 2022. Methods of data collection, quality assurance, water-quality analyses, and statistical procedures are presented. Data include the results of water-quality analyses from quarterly sampling from monitoring wells, production wells, two water treatment plants, and the Cedar River at Blairs Ferry Road at Palo, Iowa, streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station number 05464420), as well as monthly nutrient sampling from the Cedar River and Morgan Creek near Covington, Iowa, streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station number 05464475).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Cedar Rapids Utilities Water Division","usgsCitation":"Meppelink, S.M., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 2026, Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2017–22: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1224, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1224.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 34 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-171718","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502710,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119355.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/dr1224.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1224"},{"id":502243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502245,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/dr1224.XML"},{"id":502246,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/images/"},{"id":502247,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1224/full"},{"id":502248,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Rapids Well Fields, Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.80773266985493,\n 42.032866361741156\n ],\n [\n -91.80773266985493,\n 41.90007413791929\n ],\n [\n -91.50986519614662,\n 41.90007413791929\n ],\n [\n -91.50986519614662,\n 42.032866361741156\n ],\n [\n -91.80773266985493,\n 42.032866361741156\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
Differentiated magmas stored in the rift zones of Kīlauea have received more attention in recent years following eruption of andesite during the early phase of 2018 lower East Rift Zone activity. Despite this growing interest, some of the most voluminous eruptions of differentiated rift zone magmas remain poorly studied. One such eruption, and the most voluminous exposed differentiated flow field at Kīlauea, is the Kamakaiʻa Hills. This eruption took place in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea, a region that is hypothesized to contain a long-lived rift zone reservoir. The Kamakaiʻa Hills flow field encompasses >250 × 106 m3 of basaltic andesite and basalt compositions with a mineral assemblage of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + plagioclase during its early ʻaʻā phase and clinopyroxene + plagioclase + olivine during its late pāhoehoe phase. To better understand storage conditions and magma accumulation, this study focuses on major, minor, and trace elements from the mineral assemblage present within the early ʻaʻā and late pāhoehoe phases. The diversity of clinopyroxene and plagioclase compositions within the early ʻaʻā and late pāhoehoe phases, as well as diverse compositions of plagioclase and orthopyroxene within the early ʻaʻā phase, suggest multiple magma bodies and limited pre-eruption magma mixing within the broader Kamakaiʻa Hills reservoir. Oscillatory zoning patterns (particularly in clinopyroxene) imply processes such as recharge events, magma mixing or mingling, or convection within a differentially cooling, chemically stratified reservoir over protracted time intervals, whereas only limited resorbed mineral textures indicate incomplete mixing of heat and chemically distinct magmas during the dike intrusion that triggered the eruption. Mineral-mineral and mineral-melt thermobarometry indicate predominantly shallow (≤2.5 km depth) crustal storage conditions of the cooled, differentiated magma (∼1100 °C and cooler for the basaltic andesites) to hotter temperatures for the basalts (all >1100 °C). Despite the known large standard errors estimated for mineral-melt and mineral-mineral barometry (10s to >100 MPa), the calculated pressures and depths broadly correspond with earthquake swarm depths beneath the Kamakaiʻa Hills, and drill core and fluid inclusion barometry storage depths of differentiated magmas within the lower East Rift Zone. The Kamakaiʻa Hills differentiated magmas have H2O contents (∼0.5 wt%, using plagioclase-melt hygrometry) equivalent to typical Kīlauea basalts. Our data and interpretations demonstrate a complex, long-lived rift zone storage system that consisted of multiple magma bodies and was mobilized into eruption through intrusion of a hotter and more primitive summit-derived (uprift) magma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108617","usgsCitation":"Downs, D.T., and Sas, M., 2026, Mineral chemistry perspective on remobilization of stored magma at Kamakai'a Hills, Southwest Rift Zone of Kilauea, Island of Hawai'i, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 474, 108617, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108617.","productDescription":"108617, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183554","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kamakaiʻa Hills, Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.509101604398,\n 19.66848997608244\n ],\n [\n -155.509101604398,\n 19.173760203668323\n ],\n [\n -154.75976134321473,\n 19.173760203668323\n ],\n [\n -154.75976134321473,\n 19.66848997608244\n ],\n [\n -155.509101604398,\n 19.66848997608244\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"474","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downs, Drew T. 0000-0002-9056-1404 ddowns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-1404","contributorId":173516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Drew","email":"ddowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sas, May","contributorId":194298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sas","given":"May","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70274705,"text":"sir20265001 - 2026 - Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70267521,"text":"70267521 - 2025 - Preprint: Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","indexId":"70267521","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"Preprint: Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70274705,"text":"sir20265001 - 2026 - Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","indexId":"sir20265001","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T18:20:31.25097","indexId":"sir20265001","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-08T06:49:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5001","displayTitle":"Simulated Seasonal Loads of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus by Major Source from Watersheds Draining to Washington Waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","title":"Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) have developed watershed models of seasonal load estimates of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) discharging into the Washington State waters of the Salish Sea from 2005 through 2020. The modeling approach used was dynamic SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes), a statistical-physical watershed modeling technique, initially applied at large spatial scales to represent long-term average stream loads throughout a stream network, refined here to estimate seasonal TN and TP loads across watersheds.
Upstream contributing sources included permitted treated wastewater facilities, crop fertilizer, animal feeding operations, septic systems, urban land and stormwater, atmospheric deposition (TN only), nitrogen fixation by Alnus rubra Bong. (red alder) trees (TN only), and background geologic material (TP only). Instream load magnitudes and their source compositions varied across watersheds, and even within each watershed, yet the largest loads typically occurred in the large rivers during winter and fall when streamflow was highest. Likewise, instream loads were typically lowest in summer during low streamflow, yet the relative instream aquatic decay was highest. The seasonal storage lag component of all nonpoint sources was estimated to contribute a quarter of the seasonal instream load during winter and fall high streamflow and sometimes half of the instream load during summer low streamflow.
Simulated seasonal loads carried by streams to a few hundred river mouth marine discharge points ranged by several orders-of-magnitude for TN and TP due to the spatial and seasonal differences in hydrologic flows, magnitude and timing of contributing sources, and instream decay. The Snohomish and Skagit Rivers discharged the largest TN and TP loads, yet the Samish River was shown to have some of the highest TN and TP yields and concentrations. Additionally, a reference scenario estimate developed of the pre-industrial local and regional TN loads suggests that red alder tree density has increased in lower riparian areas and that treated wastewater is the dominant source in some watersheds that has led to increases in TN loading to marine waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Department of Ecology","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Schmadel, N.M., Figueroa-Kaminsky, C., Wise, D.R., Wasielewski, J.K., Johnson, Z.C., and Black, R.W., 2026, Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5001, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265001. [Supersedes preprint https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173878059.92247480/v1.]","productDescription":"Report: x; 66 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171269","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502711,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119356.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502222,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LY1PQF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model application and calibration load data for seasonally dynamic total nitrogen and total phosphorus SPARROW models developed for watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},{"id":502221,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/images"},{"id":502220,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/sir20265001.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 XML"},{"id":502218,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/sir20265001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 PDF"},{"id":502217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502219,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265001/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 HTML"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Salish Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 49.5\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 49.5\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 49.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
601 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 1950
Portland, Oregon 97204
Previous efforts to characterize lahar threats posed to communities downstream of volcanoes have focused primarily on delineating hazard zones that lack information on lahar-arrival times and exposure estimates that implicitly treat threats to be the same regardless of distance from the volcano. Estimated lahar-arrival times, travel times for individuals to leave hazard zones, and possible evacuation delays related to event identification, warning dissemination, and evacuee behavior are important, but often overlooked, aspects of understanding the societal threats posed by lahars. These temporal considerations are important for unexpected lahars that could occur due to slope failure in the absence of precursory volcanic unrest or eruption. This case study examines the role of time in lahar evacuations by quantifying population exposure and evacuation potential for non-eruptive lahar hazards associated with Mount Rainier, Washington. Lahars could directly affect tens of thousands of residents and employees, thousands of students at primary and secondary schools, and hundreds of individuals at long-term residential care facilities. Geospatial path-distance modeling quantified evacuation potential for 736 scenarios that represent combinations of lahar sources, evacuation destinations, pedestrian travel speeds, and a range of departure-delay assumptions. Depending on location, some communities may have substantial loss of life in tens of minutes after lahar initiation, whereas other communities may be managing large-scale evacuations over several hours. Estimates of evacuation success based on a range of scenarios provide individuals in hazard zones and risk-reduction agencies with insights on how their actions may increase or decrease the number of people that survive future lahars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106132","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., and Peters, J., 2026, Influence of modeling assumptions on pedestrian evacuation success for non-eruptive lahar hazards at Mount Rainier, Washington: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, v. 139, 106132, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106132.","productDescription":"106132, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-186816","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 47.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Jeff 0000-0003-4312-0590 jpeters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-0590","contributorId":4711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Jeff","email":"jpeters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70274720,"text":"70274720 - 2026 - Towards affordable wetland evapotranspiration monitoring using the Variance-Bowen Ratio method: Insights from three contrasting wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T13:30:55.21034","indexId":"70274720","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-07T08:30:28","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards affordable wetland evapotranspiration monitoring using the Variance-Bowen Ratio method: Insights from three contrasting wetlands","docAbstract":"Accurate measurement of evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for sustainable water management. Standard methods such as eddy covariance (EC) are costly, while alternatives such as surface renewal are cheaper but require calibration and complex data processing. This study evaluates the utility of the Variance-Bowen Ratio (VBR) method for estimating ET across three California’s wetlands. Using data from 2023, half-hourly latent heat flux (λE) and daily/monthly ET from VBR were compared with EC at one non-tidal (site A) and two tidal (sites B and C) wetlands. λEVBR consistently underestimated λEEC, with root mean squared errors (RMSE) of 61.2 W m-2 at sites A, 106.1 W m-2 at site B, and 137.2 W m-2 at site C, largely due to storage fluxes across sites. Temporal integration improved VBR’s performance at tidal sites, where compensating water heat storage errors yielded low daily and monthly biases (site B: RMSE = 0.78 mm/d and 12 mm/month; r = 0.93; site C: RMSE = 0.90 mm/d and 13 mm/month; r = 0.93), with reduced major axis (RMA) regression slopes of 0.98 and ~0.91. In contrast, biomass heat storage at site A caused persistent biases (RMSEs = 0.97 mm/d and 23 mm/month; daily and monthly RMA slopes ~0.75; r = 0.85). These results highlight VBR’s limitations in environments with substantial storage fluxes. Despite this, VBR is cost-effective for estimating daily and monthly ET, with sensor costs at least tenfold lower than EC and simpler setup, making it suitable for ET monitoring in resource-limited and hard-to-access regions.