{"pageNumber":"1","pageRowStart":"0","pageSize":"25","recordCount":43,"records":[{"id":70273909,"text":"70273909 - 2026 - Constraining the onset of carboniferous cyclicity in the Arkoma Basin of the Midcontinent, North America: Implications for calibrating a globally significant latest Bashkirian transgression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-23T21:12:51.367042","indexId":"70273909","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-31T08:03:19","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining the onset of carboniferous cyclicity in the Arkoma Basin of the Midcontinent, North America: Implications for calibrating a globally significant latest Bashkirian transgression","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Cyclothems are defined by the repeat juxtaposition of littoral and open marine successions over short stratigraphic distances (meters to 10's of meters) and are interpreted to be driven by glacioeustatic forcing of sea level during the late Paleozoic Ice Age. The concept of cyclothems was defined in the Midcontinent region of the United States. However, correlating the Midcontinent region to other cyclic successions is difficult, which is the result of no geochronologic control for the Midcontinent biostratigraphic framework. We present the first high-resolution U</span><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\"><span>Pb zircon CA-ID-TIMS and feldspar&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age control for the onset of Midcontinent cyclothem deposition in the Arkoma Basin, Arkansas USA. Geochronologic control is obtained from a volcaniclastic unit preserved in the newly recovered Dare Creek #1 core. We integrate these data with biostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic and trace element analyses to investigate the timing, stratigraphic and geochemical response to late Paleozoic climate forcing. The lowermost Atoka Formation is associated with the onset of five high frequency transgressive-regressive cycles, which are defined by nearshore sandstones juxtaposed on top of offshore marine mudstones and are associated with changes in salinity and redox conditions. The Trace Creek Member of the lower Atoka Formation hosts a thick, organic-rich black shale, which defines the last and maximum transgression of the lower Atoka Formation in the Arkoma Basin, in the latest Bashkirian. Base-level records from time equivalent stratigraphic successions from Arrow Canyon, Nevada, U.S.A. and the Donets Basin, Ukraine also record a maximum transgression in the latest Bashkirian. The synchroneity of maximum flooding events from multiple basins which span the low latitudes in the latest Bashkirian support that cyclothem deposition was controlled by allostratigraphic forcing mechanisms, likely glacioeustatic forcing resulting from dynamic glaciation in high-latitude Gondwana.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113610","usgsCitation":"Griffis, N.P., Dechesne, M., Smith, T.M., Hudson, M., Henderson, C., Mundil, R., Shinn, M., Birdwell, J.E., Pianowski, L., Lutz, B.M., Mercer, C.M., Morgan, L.E., and Spangler, L.R., 2026, Constraining the onset of carboniferous cyclicity in the Arkoma Basin of the Midcontinent, North America: Implications for calibrating a globally significant latest Bashkirian transgression: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 687, 113610, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113610.","productDescription":"113610, 12 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,{"id":70273710,"text":"fs20263060 - 2026 - Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Greater Carpathian area, 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-28T19:45:07.972166","indexId":"fs20263060","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-28T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-3060","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources in the Greater Carpathian Area, 2024","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Greater Carpathian area, 2024","docAbstract":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 208 million barrels of oil and 4.1 trillion cubic feet of gas in the greater Carpathian area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263060","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Greater Carpathian area, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3060, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263060.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171516","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499209,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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,{"id":70261727,"text":"70261727 - 2024 - Climate-smart agriculture for Ukraine: Winter wheat breeding for food security and climate adaptation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-20T17:18:56.900204","indexId":"70261727","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-01T11:12:59","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Climate-smart agriculture for Ukraine: Winter wheat breeding for food security and climate adaptation","docAbstract":"<p>Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, people have experienced food insecurity challenges because of increased prices of staple food commodities and loss of income or livelihood. Globally, countries with limited capacity to adapt have struggled to recover from pandemic-related disruptions and are further challenged to address adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production (United Nations [UN], 2022). Ukraine, a key agricultural exporter of staple food commodities, has a vital role in contributing to global food security, in particular through its wheat exports to countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe (Martyshev and others, 2023). However, Ukraine’s role as a stable source of global wheat has been disrupted by the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war—a conflict which began in February of 2022. </p><p>Given the fragile state of global and local markets and food systems, and the increasing risk climate change poses to agricultural production globally, Ukraine has prioritized adopting efficient agricultural practices to contribute to stabilizing crop yields and to increase its capacity to export wheat and other staple crops. According to Ukraine’s Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (MINAGRO), along with addressing climate change, a contributing driver for this prioritization is the desire to join the European Union (EU) and the need to meet the requirements for the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for acceptance as a union member state (Markiyan Dmytrasevych, a former deputy minister of MINAGRO, oral commun., 2023). As a result, MINAGRO is considering climate-smart agricultural practices to secure future crop yields and build resilience within its agricultural sector, especially as the war has impeded millions of tons of crops from reaching domestic and global markets. This report employs the climate-smart agriculture framework to provide Ukrainian agricultural policy- and decision makers and others in technical and development assistance roles with an overview of relevant climate, environmental, and agricultural policy and market factors, and projections on climate and environmental resources that could influence the implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices in Ukraine, and aid Ukraine in successfully joining the EU.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Interior International Technical Assistance Program (DOI ITAP)","usgsCitation":"Romero, V., Schultz, A.R., Powlen, K., and Shah, S.D., 2024, Climate-smart agriculture for Ukraine: Winter wheat breeding for food security and climate adaptation, 62 p.","productDescription":"62 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160321","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Veronica 0000-0002-8124-4386","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8124-4386","contributorId":302660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"Veronica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, August Raleigh 0000-0002-5016-827X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-827X","contributorId":302948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"August","email":"","middleInitial":"Raleigh","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powlen, Kathryn 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,{"id":70255839,"text":"fs20243018 - 2024 - Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Black Sea area, 2023","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-11T14:01:08.250698","indexId":"fs20243018","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-10T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-3018","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Black Sea Area, 2023","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Black Sea area, 2023","docAbstract":"<p>Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 2.3 billion barrels of oil and 105.5 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Black Sea area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243018","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Ellis, G.S., Finn, T.M., Gardner, M.H., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R.,  Timm, K.K., and Young, S.S., 2024,  Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Black Sea area, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3018, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243018.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-153353","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430811,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.5066/P145GOCC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Black Sea Area: Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":430958,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243018/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2024-3018"},{"id":430810,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3018/fs20243018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"808 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3018"},{"id":430809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":430900,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3018/images"},{"id":430901,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3018/fs20243018.xml"}],"country":"Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Black Sea area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              26.73816007269457,\n              47.35313609234342\n            ],\n            [\n              26.73816007269457,\n              40.266796066832995\n            ],\n            [\n              42.91550600490609,\n              40.266796066832995\n            ],\n            [\n              42.91550600490609,\n              47.35313609234342\n            ],\n            [\n              26.73816007269457,\n              47.35313609234342\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/central-energy-resources-science-center\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/central-energy-resources-science-center\">Central Energy Resources Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, MS-939<br>Denver, CO 80225-0046</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Total Petroleum System and Assessment Units</li><li>Undiscovered Resources Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2024-07-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":255366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodall, Cheryl A. 0000-0002-4844-5768 cwoodall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-5768","contributorId":194924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodall","given":"Cheryl","email":"cwoodall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":255367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cicero, Andrea D. 0000-0003-3632-304X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-304X","contributorId":270005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cicero","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. 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,{"id":70253184,"text":"70253184 - 2024 - Contribution of host species and pathogen clade to snake fungal disease hotspots in Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-24T15:00:53.628776","indexId":"70253184","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-10T09:53:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5729,"text":"Communications Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of host species and pathogen clade to snake fungal disease hotspots in Europe","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infectious diseases are influenced by interactions between host and pathogen, and the number of infected hosts is rarely homogenous across the landscape. Areas with elevated pathogen prevalence can maintain a high force of infection and may indicate areas with disease impacts on host populations. However, isolating the ecological processes that result in increases in infection prevalence and intensity remains a challenge. Here we elucidate the contribution of pathogen clade and host species in disease hotspots caused by&nbsp;</span><i>Ophidiomyces ophidiicola</i><span>, the pathogen responsible for snake fungal disease, in 21 species of snakes infected with multiple pathogen strains across 10 countries in Europe. We found isolated areas of disease hotspots in a landscape where infections were otherwise low.&nbsp;</span><i>O. ophidiicola</i><span>&nbsp;clade had important effects on transmission, and areas with multiple pathogen clades had higher host infection prevalence. Snake species further influenced infection, with most positive detections coming from species within the&nbsp;</span><i>Natrix</i><span>&nbsp;genus. Our results suggest that both host and pathogen identity are essential components contributing to increased pathogen prevalence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s42003-024-06092-x","usgsCitation":"Blanvillain, G., Lorch, J., Joudrier, N., Bury, S., Cuenot, T., Franzen, M., Martinez-Freiria, F., Guiller, G., Halpern, B., Kolanek, A., Kurek, K., Lourdais, O., Michon, A., Musilova, R., Schweiger, S., Szulc, B., Ursenbacher, S., Zinenko, O., and Hoyt, J.R., 2024, Contribution of host species and pathogen clade to snake fungal disease hotspots in Europe: Communications Biology, v. 7, 440, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06092-x.","productDescription":"440, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146492","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06092-x","text":"Publisher Index 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Karazin Kharkiv National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Hoyt, Joseph R.","contributorId":201314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoyt","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":899425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70228769,"text":"70228769 - 2022 - Genomically diverse carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae from wild birds provide insight into global patterns of spatiotemporal dissemination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T13:17:19.995216","indexId":"70228769","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-16T07:15:39","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomically diverse carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae from wild birds provide insight into global patterns of spatiotemporal dissemination","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ab0005\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as0005\"><p id=\"sp0035\">Carbapenem resistant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Enterobacteriaceae</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(CRE) are a threat to public health globally, yet the role of the environment in the epidemiology of CRE remains elusive. Given that wild birds can acquire CRE, likely from foraging in anthropogenically impacted areas, and may aid in the maintenance and dissemination of CRE in the environment, a spatiotemporal comparison of isolates from different regions and timepoints may be useful for elucidating epidemiological information. Thus, we characterized the genomic diversity of CRE from fecal samples opportunistically collected from gulls (<i>Larus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp.) inhabiting Alaska (USA), Chile, Spain, Turkey, and Ukraine and from black kites (<i>Milvus migrans</i>) sampled in Pakistan and assessed evidence for spatiotemporal patterns of dissemination. Within and among sampling locations, a high diversity of carbapenemases was found, including<span>&nbsp;</span><span><i>Klebsiella</i><i>&nbsp;pneumoniae</i></span><span>&nbsp;</span>carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), oxacillinase (OXA), and Verona integron Metallo beta-lactamase (VIM). Although the majority of genomic comparisons among samples did not provide evidence for spatial dissemination, we did find strong evidence for dissemination among Alaska, Spain, and Turkey. We also found strong evidence for temporal dissemination among samples collected in Alaska and Pakistan, though the majority of CRE clones were transitory and were not repeatedly detected among locations where samples were collected longitudinally. Carbapenemase-producing hypervirulent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K. pneumoniae</i><span>&nbsp;was isolated from gulls in Spain and Ukraine and some isolates harbored antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to up to 10 different antibiotic classes, including colistin. Our results are consistent with local acquisition of CRE by wild birds with spatial dissemination influenced by intermediary transmission routes, likely involving humans. Furthermore, our results support the premise that anthropogenically-associated wild birds may be good&nbsp;sentinels&nbsp;for understanding the burden of clinically-relevant antimicrobial resistance in the local human population.</span></p></div></div><div id=\"ab0010\" class=\"abstract graphical\" lang=\"en\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153632","usgsCitation":"Ahlstrom, C., Woksepp, H., Sandegren, L., Mohsin, M., Hasan, B., Muzyka, D., Hernandez, J., Aguirre, F., Tok, A., Soderman, J., Olsen, B., Ramey, A.M., and Bonnedahl, J., 2022, Genomically diverse carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae from wild birds provide insight into global patterns of spatiotemporal dissemination: Science of the Total Environment, v. 824, 153632, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153632.","productDescription":"153632, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133221","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153632","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"824","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlstrom, Christina 0000-0001-5414-8076","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-8076","contributorId":214540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlstrom","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woksepp, Hanna","contributorId":207263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woksepp","given":"Hanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandegren, Linus","contributorId":279688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandegren","given":"Linus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57339,"text":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection biology, antimicrobial resistance and immunology, Uppsala University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mohsin, Mashkoor","contributorId":279689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohsin","given":"Mashkoor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57342,"text":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hasan, Badrul","contributorId":279690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasan","given":"Badrul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57339,"text":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection biology, antimicrobial resistance and immunology, Uppsala University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muzyka, Denys","contributorId":167372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muzyka","given":"Denys","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hernandez, Jorge","contributorId":203652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Jorge","affiliations":[{"id":36674,"text":"Department of Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aguirre, Filip","contributorId":279691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguirre","given":"Filip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57343,"text":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tok, Atalay","contributorId":279692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tok","given":"Atalay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57344,"text":"Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Soderman, Jan","contributorId":279693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderman","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57345,"text":"Laboratory Medicine, Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Olsen, Bjorn","contributorId":279694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"Bjorn","affiliations":[{"id":57344,"text":"Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bonnedahl, Jonas","contributorId":181800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonnedahl","given":"Jonas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70226471,"text":"pp1868 - 2021 - Global cropland-extent product at 30-m resolution (GCEP30) derived from Landsat satellite time-series data for the year 2015 using multiple machine-learning algorithms on Google Earth Engine cloud","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T12:09:52.710721","indexId":"pp1868","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-19T10:43:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1868","displayTitle":"Global Cropland-Extent Product at 30-m Resolution (GCEP30) Derived from Landsat Satellite Time-Series Data for the Year 2015 Using Multiple Machine-Learning Algorithms on Google Earth Engine Cloud","title":"Global cropland-extent product at 30-m resolution (GCEP30) derived from Landsat satellite time-series data for the year 2015 using multiple machine-learning algorithms on Google Earth Engine cloud","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1><p>Global food and water security analysis and management require precise and accurate global cropland-extent maps. Existing maps have limitations, in that they are (1) mapped using coarse-resolution remote-sensing data, resulting in the lack of precise mapping location of croplands and their accuracies; (2) derived by collecting and collating national statistical data that are often subjective, leading to substantial uncertainties in cropland-area estimates, as well as their locations; and (3) extracted from one or more classes of a land use–land cover product in which cropland classes are not the focus of mapping, leading to their mixing with other classes and creating significant errors of omission and commission. These limitations can be overcome by producing high-resolution cropland-extent maps using satellite-sensor data, such as Landsat 30-m resolution or higher. The most fundamental cropland product is the high-resolution cropland-extent map because all higher level cropland products, such as crop-watering method (that is, whether crops are irrigated or rainfed), crop types, cropping intensities, cropland fallows, crop productivity, and crop-water productivity, are dependent on a precise and accurate cropland-extent product.</p><p>Given these realities, the overarching goal of this study was to produce a Landsat satellite-derived global cropland-extent product at 30-m resolution. The work, which involved a paradigm shift in how global cropland-extent maps are produced, involved the following five key steps: (1) petabyte-scale computing that involved multiyear, 8- to 16-day, time-series Landsat 30-m resolution data for the global land surface; (2) composition of analysis-ready data (ARD) cubes; (3) creation of a large global-reference data hub for machine learning; (4) use of multiple machine-learning algorithms (MLAs) by writing software and computing in the cloud; and (5) Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing.</p><p>The five key steps involved nine distinct phases. First, the world was segmented into 74 agroecological zones (AEZs). Second, Landsat 8- to 16-day data were used to time-composite 10-band (blue, green, red, near-infrared, short-wave infrared band 1, short-wave infrared band 2, thermal infrared, enhanced vegetation index, normalized difference water index, and normalized difference vegetation index) Landsat 30-m resolution data cubes for every 2- to 4-month time period during 3- to 4-year periods (stated as nominal-year 2015 or, simply, 2015), along with two additional 30-m resolution bands (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation, and slope) in each of the 74 AEZs. Third, more than 100,000 reference-training data samples were collected using ground data (some of which were collected using a mobile application), as well as submeter- to 5-m-resolution, very high-resolution imagery sourced from other reliable sources. Fourth, reference-training data were used to create a knowledge base for separating cropland from noncropland. Fifth, MLAs such as the pixel-based supervised random forest and support-vector machines were written on the GEE using Python and JavaScript. Sixth, object-based recursive hierarchical segmentation algorithm was used, in addition to MLAs, to overcome uncertainties. Seventh, MLAs used the knowledge base to classify and separate cropland from noncropland. Eighth, accuracy assessment was conducted by generating error matrices for each of the 74 AEZs using 19,171 independent validation-data samples. Ninth, cropland areas were computed for all countries of the world and compared with United Nation’s (UN’s) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and other national statistics.</p><p>The outcome was a Landsat-derived global cropland-extent product at 30-m resolution (GCEP30), which has an overall accuracy of 91.7 percent. For the cropland class, producer’s accuracy was 83.4 percent, and user’s accuracy was 78.3 percent. GCEP30 calculated (using direct pixel count) the global net-cropland area (GNCA) for the year 2015 as 1.873 billion hectares (~12.6 percent of the Earth’s terrestrial area). The continental cropland distribution as a percentage of GNCA was Asia, 33 percent; Europe, 25.5 percent; Africa, 16.7 percent; North America, 14.4 percent; South America, 8.1 percent; and Australia and Oceania, 2.4 percent. The worldwide cropland areas in GCEP30 for 2015 were higher by 236 to 299 million hectares (Mha) compared to national statistics reported elsewhere for the same year (for example, in Food and Agriculture Organization’s corporate statistical database [FAOSTAT] and in the monthly irrigated and rainfed crop areas [MIRCA] database). The global cropland area reported for 2015 increased by 344 Mha (22.5 percent), compared to the year 2000. During the same period (2000–2015), the world’s population increased by 20 percent. Whereas some of these areal increases are real increases in cropland areas, others are due to the types of data, methods, and approaches used. Using the highest known resolution (compared to previous coarse-resolution global products) enabled this study to capture fragmented croplands. Coarse-resolution data compute areas on the basis of subpixels, which, for a large proportion of certain land use–land cover classes, will show only a certain percentage of the total pixel area as actual area. Subpixel areas can lead to substantial uncertainties in area computation, as determining the exact fraction of cropland areas within a coarse-resolution pixel is resource intensive and subject to errors. Other innovations in GCEP30 include reference-data hubs, machine learning, and cloud computing.</p><p>Cropland areas in 214 countries, territories, departments, and regions were calculated for the year 2015 using GCEP30, on the basis of UN’s global administrative unit layers (GAUL) boundaries. The 10 leading countries in terms of cropland area (as a percentage of the GNCA) were India (9.6 percent), United States (8.95 percent), China (8.82 percent), Russia (8.32 percent), Brazil (3.42 percent), Ukraine (2.32 percent), Canada (2.29 percent), Argentina (2.05 percent), Indonesia (2 percent), and Nigeria (1.91 percent). Together, these 10 countries occupy 50 percent of the global cropland, and they have 52 percent of the global population. Their combined cropland area increased by 2 percent between 2000 and 2015, compared to the substantial increase in population of 517 million (15.5 percent). Together, India, United States, China, and Russia encompass 36 percent of the total area. In the United States and Canada, from 2000 to 2015, cropland decreased by about 2 percent, whereas their populations increased by 14 and 13 percent, respectively. The additional food requirements in these 10 countries, which are caused by increased populations, as well as increasing nutritional demands, are met by production increases in existing cropland or through virtual food trade, or both.</p><p>More than 18 countries, territories, departments, or regions had 60 percent or more of their geographic area as cropland: Republic of Moldova, San Marino, and Hungary had more than 80 percent of the country’s area as cropland; Denmark, Ukraine, Ireland, and Bangladesh, 70 to 80 percent; and Uruguay, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Spain, Lithuania, Poland, Gaza Strip, Czechia, Italy, India, and Azerbaijan, 60 to 70 percent. Europe and South Asia can be considered agricultural capitals of the world, on the basis of their percentages of geographic area as cropland. United States, China, and Russia, which all have high cropland areas, are ranked second, third, and fourth in the world; India is ranked first. However, the amount of cropland as a percentage of the country’s geographic area is relatively very low for United States (18.3 percent), China (17.7 percent), and Russia (9.5 percent), whereas it is 60.5 percent for India. Most African and South American countries, territories, departments, or regions have less than 15 percent of their geographic area as cropland.</p><p>China and India together house 36 percent of the world’s population; however, between 2000 and 2015, the amount of China’s cropland area fell by 18.9 percent, owing to urban expansion and the abandonment of farmlands caused by demographic changes (that is, the movement of population from villages to cities). In contrast, China’s population grew by 10 percent. The amount of India’s cropland increased by 8.5 percent, whereas its population grew by 20 percent.</p><p>This study showed that, out of the 10 leading cropland countries, Ukraine, Nigeria, Russia, and Indonesia showed an 18 to 31 percent increase in cropland areas, on the basis of GCEP30 by the year 2015, compared to 2000. Nigeria’s cropland area increased by 25 percent, and its population increased by 31 percent in the same period. In these countries, food security is maintained by cropland expansion, productivity increases, and virtual food trade. Nevertheless, this trend of increasing net-cropland area and productivity will likely become difficult to maintain, owing to diminishing arable lands and plateauing of 50 years of continual yield increases, requiring policymakers to explore novel and data-supported approaches to solving future food security issues.</p><p>The GCEP30 product, which can be browsed at full resolution at <a data-mce-href=\"https://www.croplands.org\" href=\"https://www.croplands.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.croplands.org</a>, has been released for public download and use through U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)–National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (see <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/news/release-of-gfsad-30-meter-cropland-extent-products/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/news/release-of-gfsad-30-meter-cropland-extent-products/\">https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/news/release-of-gfsad-30-meter-cropland-extent-products/</a>).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1868","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P.S., Teluguntla, P.G., Xiong, J., Oliphant, A., Congalton, R.G., Ozdogan, M., Gumma, M.K., Tilton, J.C., Giri, C., Milesi, C., Phalke, A., Massey, R., Yadav, K., Sankey, T., Zhong, Y., Aneece, I., and Foley, D., 2021, Global cropland-extent product at 30-m resolution (GCEP30) derived from Landsat satellite time-series data for the year 2015 using multiple machine-learning algorithms on Google Earth Engine cloud: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1868, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1868.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 63 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119164","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391888,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1868/pp1868.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1868/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":391890,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/news/release-of-gfsad-30-meter-cropland-extent-products/","text":"Associated data","linkHelpText":"- Release of GFSAD 30 meter Cropland Extent Products"}],"contact":"<p><a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wgsc/connect\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wgsc/connect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Director</a>, <br><a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wgsc/\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wgsc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Geographic Science Center&nbsp;</a> <br><a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>350 N. Akron Rd.&nbsp; <br>Moffett Field, CA 94035&nbsp; </p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Executive Summary&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Data&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Methods&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Results and Discussions&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Significant Findings&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Conclusions&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>References Cited&nbsp;</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2021-11-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teluguntla, Pardhasaradhi G. 0000-0001-8060-9841 pteluguntla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-9841","contributorId":5275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teluguntla","given":"Pardhasaradhi","email":"pteluguntla@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xiong, Jun 0000-0002-2320-0780 jxiong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2320-0780","contributorId":5276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Jun","email":"jxiong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliphant, Adam 0000-0001-8622-7932 aoliphant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-7932","contributorId":192325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliphant","given":"Adam","email":"aoliphant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Congalton, Russell G.","contributorId":84646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congalton","given":"Russell G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ozdogan, Mutlu","contributorId":32060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozdogan","given":"Mutlu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gumma, Murali Krishna","contributorId":50426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tilton, James C.","contributorId":214482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":39055,"text":"NASA GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":189128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Milesi, Cristina","contributorId":107590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milesi","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Phalke, Aparna","contributorId":149292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phalke","given":"Aparna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Massey, Richard 0000-0002-4831-8718 rmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8718","contributorId":192326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Richard","email":"rmassey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Yadav, Kamini","contributorId":192329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yadav","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen","contributorId":97000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Zhong, Ying","contributorId":269400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhong","given":"Ying","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18946,"text":"Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":827029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Aneece, Itiya 0000-0002-1201-5459","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-5459","contributorId":211471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aneece","given":"Itiya","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Foley, Daniel 0000-0002-2051-6325","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2051-6325","contributorId":223534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70200930,"text":"70200930 - 2019 - Identification of conservation and restoration priority areas in the Danube River based on the multi-functionality of river-floodplain systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:54:17","indexId":"70200930","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-16T10:54:13","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of conservation and restoration priority areas in the Danube River based on the multi-functionality of river-floodplain systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large river-floodplain systems are hotspots of&nbsp;biodiversity&nbsp;and&nbsp;ecosystem services&nbsp;but are also used for multiple human activities, making them one of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. There is wide evidence that reconnecting&nbsp;river channels&nbsp;with their&nbsp;floodplains&nbsp;is an effective measure to increase their multi-functionality, i.e., ecological integrity, habitats for multiple species and the multiple functions and services of river-floodplain systems, although, the selection of promising sites for restoration projects can be a demanding task. In the case of the Danube River in Europe, planning and implementation of restoration projects is substantially hampered by the complexity and heterogeneity of the environmental problems, lack of data and strong differences in socio-economic conditions as well as inconsistencies in legislation related to&nbsp;river management. We take a quantitative approach based on best-available data to assess biodiversity using selected species and three ecosystem services (flood regulation, crop&nbsp;</span>pollination<span>, and recreation), focused on the navigable main stem of the Danube River and its floodplains. We spatially prioritize river-floodplain segments for conservation and restoration based on (1) multi-functionality related to biodiversity and ecosystem services, (2) availability of remaining semi-natural areas and (3) reversibility as it relates to multiple human activities (e.g.&nbsp;flood protection,&nbsp;hydropowerand navigation). Our approach can thus serve as a strategic planning tool for the Danube and provide a method for similar analyses in other large river-floodplain systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.322","usgsCitation":"Funk, A., Martinez-Lopez, J., Borgwardt, F., Traunder, D., Bagstad, K.J., Balbi, S., Magrach, A., Villa, F., and Hein, T., 2019, Identification of conservation and restoration priority areas in the Danube River based on the multi-functionality of river-floodplain systems: Science of the Total Environment, v. 654, p. 763-777, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.322.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"777","ipdsId":"IP-099325","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Danube River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              10,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              32,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              32,\n              50\n            ],\n            [\n              10,\n              50\n            ],\n            [\n              10,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"654","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5b7e4b045bfcadf7f20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Andrea","contributorId":210646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38121,"text":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez-Lopez, Javier 0000-0003-4857-3396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-3396","contributorId":208480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Lopez","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borgwardt, Florian","contributorId":210647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borgwardt","given":"Florian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38121,"text":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Traunder, Daniel","contributorId":210648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Traunder","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38121,"text":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Balbi, Stefano 0000-0001-8190-5968","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8190-5968","contributorId":208481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balbi","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Magrach, Ainhoa 0000-0003-2155-7556","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-7556","contributorId":208482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magrach","given":"Ainhoa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando 0000-0002-5114-3007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-3007","contributorId":208486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hein, Thomas 0000-0002-7767-4607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-4607","contributorId":210649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hein","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38121,"text":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70197047,"text":"70197047 - 2018 - Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ18OPO4  and 87Sr/86Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-15T15:58:06","indexId":"70197047","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>PO<sub>4</sub></sub>  and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine","title":"Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ18OPO4  and 87Sr/86Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine","docAbstract":"<p>Reconstructions of paleo-seawater chemistry are largely inferred from biogenic records of epicontinental seas. Recent studies provide considerable evidence for large-scale spatial and temporal variability in the environmental dynamics of these semi-restricted seas that leads to the decoupling of epicontinental isotopic records from those of the open ocean. We present conodont apatite δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>PO4</sub> and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr records spanning 24 Myr of the late Mississippian through Pennsylvanian derived from the U–Pb calibrated cyclothemic succession of the Donets Basin, eastern Ukraine. On a 2 to 6 Myr-scale, systematic fluctuations in bioapatite <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>PO4</sub> and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr broadly follow major shifts in the Donets onlap–offlap history and inferred regional climate, but are distinct from contemporaneous more open-water <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>PO4</sub> and global seawater Sr isotope trends. </p><p>A −1 to −6‰ offset in Donets <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>PO4</sub> values from those of more open-water conodonts and greater temporal variability in <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>PO4</sub> and <sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr</span> records are interpreted to primarily record climatically driven changes in local environmental processes in the Donets sea. Systematic isotopic shifts associated with Myr-scale sea-level fluctuations, however, indicate an extrabasinal driver. We propose a mechanistic link to glacioeustasy through a teleconnection between high-latitude ice changes and atmospheric <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and regional monsoonal circulation in the Donets region. Inferred large-magnitude changes in Donets seawater salinity and temperature, not archived in the more open-water or global contemporaneous records, indicate a modification of the global climate signal in the epicontinental sea through amplification or dampening of the climate signal by local and regional environmental processes. This finding of global climate change filtered through local processes has implications for the use of conodont <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>PO4</sub> and <sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr</span> values as proxies of paleo-seawater composition, mean temperature, and glacioeustasy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.051","usgsCitation":"Montanez, I.P., Osleger, D.J., Chen, J., Wortham, B.E., Stamm, R.G., Nemyrovska, T.I., Griffin, J.M., Poletaev, V.I., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2018, Carboniferous climate teleconnections archived in coupled bioapatite δ18OPO4  and 87Sr/86Sr records from the epicontinental Donets Basin, Ukraine: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 492, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.051.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-090058","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Donets Basin","volume":"492","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bbe4b0da30c1bfbd82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montanez, Isabel P.","contributorId":204886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanez","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37004,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osleger, Dillon J.","contributorId":204887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osleger","given":"Dillon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37004,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, J.-H.","contributorId":203812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"J.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36211,"text":"GFDL/NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wortham, Barbara E.","contributorId":204904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wortham","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stamm, Robert G. 0000-0001-9141-5364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-5364","contributorId":204885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":735364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nemyrovska, Tamara I.","contributorId":204888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nemyrovska","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37005,"text":"Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Institute of Geological Science, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Griffin, Julie M.","contributorId":204889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37004,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Poletaev, Vladislav I.","contributorId":204890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poletaev","given":"Vladislav","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37005,"text":"Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Institute of Geological Science, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70237803,"text":"70237803 - 2017 - Permafrost-related processes and recent response to climatic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-24T16:44:55.425947","indexId":"70237803","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-31T11:39:37","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Permafrost-related processes and recent response to climatic changes","docAbstract":"Permafrost-related processes have direct and indirect consequences to northern environments, but the impacts are affected by complex interactions involving positive and negative feedbacks at the surface (Jorgenson et al. 2010), climatic trends and fluctuations (Romanovsky et al. 2010; Konishchev 2011), and terrain and ground ice conditions (French and Shur 2010, Ukraintseva et al. 2012; Murton 2013). The degradation (reduction of thickness and/or lateral extent) of permafrost and the related disturbance of the surface are associated with a diverse set of processes such as thermokarst (the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice followed by subsidence of the ground surface and potential formation of a water body), thermal erosion (downwearing from moving water), thermal abrasion (backwearing from moving water), and thermal denudation associated with hillslope processes (downslope movement of soil or rock, such as frost creep, solifluction and cryogenic landslides including active-layer detachments and retrogressive thaw slumps). At the same time, the aggradation of permafrost and related processes (e.g., frost heave and formation of ice wedges and pingos) are still occurring during the observed climatic warming trend in the northern hemisphere. For example, the drainage of thermokarst lakes expose taliks (unfrozen ground beneath the water body) to the negative mean-annual ground surface temperatures in the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zone, which results in talik freezing accompanied by accumulation of ground ice.  Both permafrost aggradation and degradation associated with thermokarst and other thaw-related features requires further observation and study to determine the pan-Arctic response of the landscape to climatic trends and fluctuations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Snow, water, ice and permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2017","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Working Group of the Arctic Council","usgsCitation":"Leibman, M., Kizyakov, A., Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., Jorgenson, M., and Kanevskiy, M.Z., 2017, Permafrost-related processes and recent response to climatic changes, chap. <i>of</i> Snow, water, ice and permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2017, p. 81-87.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-065658","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408637,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/snow-water-ice-and-permafrost-in-the-arctic-swipa-2017/1610"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leibman, Marina","contributorId":298480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibman","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64590,"text":"The Earth Cryosphere Institute SB RAS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kizyakov, Alexandr","contributorId":298481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kizyakov","given":"Alexandr","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64591,"text":"Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":267277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.","contributorId":199153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70157592,"text":"pp1802L - 2017 - Manganese","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70157592,"text":"pp1802L - 2017 - Manganese","indexId":"pp1802L","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Manganese"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70158974,"text":"pp1802 - 2017 - Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","indexId":"pp1802","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70158974,"text":"pp1802 - 2017 - Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","indexId":"pp1802","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T14:14:13","indexId":"pp1802L","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-19T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1802","chapter":"L","title":"Manganese","docAbstract":"<p>Manganese is an essential element for modern industrial societies. Its principal use is in steelmaking, where it serves as a purifying agent in iron-ore refining and as an alloy that converts iron into steel. Although the amount of manganese consumed to make a ton of steel is small, ranging from 6 to 9 kilograms, it is an irreplaceable component in the production of this fundamental material. The United States has been totally reliant on imports of manganese for many decades and will continue to be so for at least the near future. There are no domestic reserves, and although some large low-grade resources are known, they are far inferior to manganese ores readily available on the international market. World reserves of manganese are about 630 million metric tons, and annual global consumption is about 16 million metric tons. Current reserves are adequate to meet global demand for several decades. Global resources in traditional land-based deposits, including both reserves and rocks sufficiently enriched in manganese to be ores in the future, are much larger, at about 17 billion metric tons. Manganese resources in seabed deposits of ferromanganese nodules and crusts are larger than those on land and have not been fully quantified. No production from seabed deposits has yet been done, but current research and development activities are substantial and may bring parts of these seabed resources into production in the future. The advent of economically successful seabed mining could substantially alter the current scenario of manganese supply by providing a large new source of manganese in addition to traditional land-based deposits.</p><p>From a purely geologic perspective, there is no global shortage of proven ores and potential new ores that could be developed from the vast tonnage of identified resources. Reserves and resources are very unevenly distributed, however. The Kalahari manganese district in South Africa contains 70 percent of the world’s identified resources and about 25 percent of its reserves. South Africa, Brazil, and Ukraine together accounted for nearly 65 percent of reserves in 2013. The combination of total import reliance for manganese, the mineral commodity’s essential uses in our industrialized society, and the potential for supply disruptions because of the limited sources of the ore makes manganese among the most critical minerals for the United States.</p><p>Manganese is the 12th most abundant element in Earth’s crust. Its concentration varies among common types of rocks, mostly in the range of from 0.1 to 0.2 percent. The highest quality manganese ores contain from 40 to 45 percent manganese. The formation of these ores requires specialized geologic conditions that concentrate manganese at several hundred times its average crustal abundance. The dominant processes in forming the world’s principal deposits take place in the oceans. As a result, most important manganese deposits occur in ancient marine sedimentary rocks that are now exposed on continents as a result of subsequent tectonic uplift and erosion. In many cases, other processes have further enriched these manganiferous sedimentary rocks to form some of today’s highest grade ores. Modern seabed resources of ferromanganese nodules cover vast areas of the present ocean floor and are still forming by complex interactions of marine microorganisms, manganese dissolved in seawater, and chemical processes on the seabed.</p><p>Manganese is ubiquitous in soil, water, and air. It occurs most often in solid form but can become soluble under acidic conditions. Manganese mining, like any activity that disturbs large areas of Earth’s surface, has the potential to produce increases in manganese concentrations that could be harmful to humans or the environment if not properly controlled. Although manganese is an essential nutrient for humans and most other organisms, overexposure can lead to neurotoxicity in humans. Workers at manganese mining and processing facilities have the greatest potential to inhale manganese-rich dust. Without proper protective equipment, these workers may develop a permanent neurological disorder known as manganism. Each manganese mine is unique and presents its own suite of potential hazards and preventative measures. Likewise, various nations have their own sets of standards to ensure safe mining, isolation of mine waste, treatment of mine waters, and mine closure and restoration. Interest in mining trace metals contained in ferromanganese nodules and crusts on the seabed has increased rapidly in the past decade. Prime areas for future research include overcoming the technological challenges presented by mining as deep as 6,500 meters below sea level and understanding and mitigating the potential impacts of seabed mining on marine ecosystems.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1802L","isbn":"978-1-4113-3991-0","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., Kimball, B.E., and Corathers, L.A., 2017, Manganese, chap. L <i>of</i> Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. L1–L28, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802L.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046161","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/l/pp1802l.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1802 K"},{"id":334192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/l/coverthb1.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>Mineral Resources Program Coordinator<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 913 National Center<br> Reston, VA 20192</p><p>Email: <a href=\"mailto:minerals@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:minerals@usgs.gov\">minerals@usgs.gov</a><br> <a href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov\">https://minerals.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Geology&nbsp;</li><li>Resources and Production&nbsp;</li><li>Exploration for New Deposits</li><li>Environmental Considerations&nbsp;</li><li>Problems and Future Research&nbsp;</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-12-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae5e4b06e28e9c22924","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661318,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeYoung, Jr. 0000-0003-1169-6026 jdeyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-6026","contributorId":523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jdeyoung@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661320,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661321,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661319,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Bryn E. bekimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":4184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Bryn","email":"bekimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corathers, Lisa A. lcorathers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corathers","given":"Lisa","email":"lcorathers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178702,"text":"sir20105090BB - 2017 - Geology and undiscovered resource assessment of the potash-bearing Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins, Belarus and Ukraine","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70178702,"text":"sir20105090BB - 2017 - Geology and undiscovered resource assessment of the potash-bearing Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins, Belarus and Ukraine","indexId":"sir20105090BB","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"chapter":"BB","title":"Geology and undiscovered resource assessment of the potash-bearing Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins, Belarus and Ukraine"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:31:17","indexId":"sir20105090BB","displayToPublicDate":"2017-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"BB","title":"Geology and undiscovered resource assessment of the potash-bearing Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins, Belarus and Ukraine","docAbstract":"<p>Undiscovered potash resources in the Pripyat Basin, Belarus, and Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine, were assessed as part of a global mineral resource assessment led by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The Pripyat Basin (in Belarus) and the Dnieper-Donets Basin (in Ukraine and southern Belarus) host stratabound and halokinetic Upper Devonian (Frasnian and Famennian) and Permian (Cisuralian) potash-bearing salt. The evaporite basins formed in the Donbass-Pripyat Rift, a Neoproterozoic continental rift structure that was reactivated during the Late Devonian and was flooded by seawater. Though the rift was divided, in part by volcanic deposits, into the separate Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins, both basins contain similar potash‑bearing evaporite sequences. An Early Permian (Cisuralian) sag basin formed over the rift structure and was also inundated by seawater resulting in another sequence of evaporite deposition. Halokinetic activity initiated by basement faulting during the Devonian continued at least into the Permian and influenced potash salt deposition and structural evolution of potash-bearing salt in both basins.</p><p>Within these basins, four areas (permissive tracts) that permit the presence of undiscovered potash deposits were defined by using geological criteria. Three tracts are permissive for stratabound potash-bearing deposits and include Famennian (Upper Devonian) salt in the Pripyat Basin, and Famennian and Cisuralian (lower Permian) salt in the Dnieper-Donets Basin. In addition, a tract was delineated for halokinetic potash-bearing Famennian salt in the Dnieper-Donets Basin.</p><p>The Pripyat Basin is the third largest source of potash in the world, producing 6.4 million metric tons of potassium chloride (KCl) (the equivalent of about 4.0 million metric tons of potassium oxide or K<span><sub>2</sub></span>O) in 2012. Potash production began in 1963 in the Starobin #1 mine, near the town of Starobin, Belarus, in the northwestern corner of the basin. Potash is currently produced from six potash mines in the Starobin area. Published reserves in the Pripyat Basin area are about 7.3 billion metric tons of potash ore (about 1.3 billion metric tons of K<span><sub>2</sub></span>O) mostly from potash-bearing salt horizons in the Starobin and Petrikov mine areas. The 15,160-square-kilometer area of the Pripyat Basin underlain by Famennian potash-bearing salt contains as many as 60 known potash-bearing salt horizons. Rough estimates of the total mineral endowment associated with stratabound Famennian salt horizons in the Pripyat Basin range from 80 to 200 billion metric tons of potash-bearing salt that could contain 15 to 30 billion metric tons of K<span><sub>2</sub></span>O.</p><p>Parameters (including the number of economic potash horizons, grades, and depths) for these estimates are not published so the estimates are not easily confirmed. Historically, reserves have been estimated above a depth of 1,200 meters (m) (approximately the depths of conventional underground mining). Additional undiscovered K<span><sub>2</sub></span>O resources could be significantly greater in the remainder of the Fammenian salt depending on the extents and grades of the 60 identified potash horizons above the USGS assessment depth of 3,000 m in the remainder of the tract. Increasing ambient temperatures with increasing depths in the eastern parts of the Pripyat Basin may require a solution mining process which is aided by higher temperatures.</p><p>No resource or reserve data have been published and little is known about stratabound Famennian and Frasnian salt in the Dnieper-Donets Basin. These Upper Devonian salt units dip to the southeast and extend to depths of 15–19 kilometers (km) or greater. The tract of stratabound Famennian salt that lies above a depth of 3 km, the depth above which potash is technically recoverable by solution mining, underlies an area of about 15,600 square kilometers (km<span><sup>2</sup></span>). If Upper Devonian salt units in the Dnieper-Donets Basin contain potash-bearing strata similar to salt of the same age in the Pripyat Basin, then the stratabound Famennian tract in the Dnieper-Donets Basin could contain significant undiscovered potash resources.</p><p>The Cisuralian evaporite sequence in the Dnieper-Donets Basin consists of 10 evaporite cycles with the upper 3 cycles containing potash-bearing salt (mainly as sylvite and carnallite) in several subbasins and polyhalite in the sulfate bearing parts of the identified tract. The area of the Cisuralian tract is 62,700 km<span><sup>2</sup></span>. Potash-bearing cycles are as much as 40 m thick. One subbasin is reported to contain 794 million metric tons of “raw or crude” potash-bearing salt which could contain 50 to 150 million metric tons of K<span><sub>2</sub></span>O, depending on the grade. Undiscovered potash resources in the remainder of this permissive tract may be significantly greater. Depths to the Permian salt range from less than 100 to about 1,500 m.</p><p>Undiscovered resources of halokinetic potash-bearing salt in the Dnieper-Donets Basin were assessed quantitatively for this study by using the standard USGS three-part form of mineral resource assessment (Singer, 2007a; Singer and Menzie, 2010). Delineation of the permissive tract was based on distributions of mapped halokinetic salt structures. This tract contains at least 248 diapiric salt structures with a total area of 7,840 km<span><sup>2</sup> </span>that occupies approximately 8 percent of the basin area. The vertical extent of these salt structures is hundreds of meters to several kilometers. This assessment estimated that a total mean of 11 undiscovered deposits contain an arithmetic mean estimate of about 840 million metric tons of K<span><sub>2</sub></span>O in the halokinetic salt structures of the Dnieper-Donets Basin for which the probabilistic estimate was made.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090BB","usgsCitation":"Cocker, M.D., Orris, G.J., and Dunlap, Pamela, with contributions from Lipin, B.R., Ludington, Steve, Ryan, R.J., Słowakiewicz, Mirosław, Spanski, G.T., Wynn, Jeff, and Yang, Chao, 2017, Geology and undiscovered resource assessment of the potash-bearing Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins, Belarus and Ukraine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5090–BB, 116 p., and spatial data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090BB.","productDescription":"Report: x, 116 p.; GIS Data","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053911","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344467,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/bb/sir20105090bb_gis.zip","text":"GIS Data","size":"2.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2010-5090-BB"},{"id":344465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/bb/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":344466,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/bb/sir20105090bb.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2010-5090-BB"}],"country":"Belarus, Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Dnieper-Donets Basin, Pripyat Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              25.9716796875,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              46.8896484375,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              46.8896484375,\n              54.23955053156177\n            ],\n            [\n              25.9716796875,\n              54.23955053156177\n            ],\n            [\n              25.9716796875,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://minerals.usgs.gov/contacts/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://minerals.usgs.gov/contacts/index.html\">Contact Information</a><br><a href=\"http://minerals.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://minerals.usgs.gov/\">Mineral Resources Program</a> <br>U.S. Geological Survey&nbsp;<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive&nbsp;<br>913 National Center&nbsp;<br>Reston, VA 20192&nbsp;<br></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Chapter 1. Introduction<br></li><li>Chapter 2. Geologic Overview of the Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins and the Donbass-Pripyat Rift<br></li><li>Chapter 3. Evaporite Stratigraphy and Potash-Bearing Strata&nbsp;<br></li><li>Chapter 4. Development of Halokinetic Salt Structures<br></li><li>Chapter 5. Assessing Undiscovered Potash Resources<br></li><li>Chapter 6. Qualitative Assessment of Tract 150sbK0042a, Permian (Cisuralian) Evaporites—Dnieper-Donets Basin, Belarus and Ukraine<br></li><li>Chapter 7. Qualitative Assessment of Tract 150sbK0042c, Upper Devonian (mainly Famennian) Stratabound Potash-Bearing Salt—Dnieper-Donets Basin, Belarus and Ukraine<br></li><li>Chapter 8. Qualitative Assessment of Tract 150sbK0043, Upper Devonian (Famennian) Stratabound Potash-Bearing Salt—Pripyat Basin, Belarus<br></li><li>Chapter 9. Quantitative Assessment of Tract 150haK0042b, Upper Devonian Potash-Bearing Evaporites in Halokinetic Structures—Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine and Belarus<br></li><li>Chapter 10. Outlook for Potash Development within the Pripyat and Dnieper-Donets Basins<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-08-03","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59843649e4b0e2f5d46653ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cocker, Mark D. 0000-0001-9435-5862 mcocker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-5862","contributorId":4297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cocker","given":"Mark","email":"mcocker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orris, Greta J. 0000-0002-2340-9955 greta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-9955","contributorId":3472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"Greta","email":"greta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunlap, Pamela pdunlap@usgs.gov","contributorId":5329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"Pamela","email":"pdunlap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipin, Bruce R. blipin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipin","given":"Bruce","email":"blipin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":707129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, Robert J.","contributorId":116705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Slowakiewicz, Miroslaw","contributorId":117008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowakiewicz","given":"Miroslaw","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spanski, Gregory T.","contributorId":43806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yang, Chao","contributorId":119386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Chao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70177048,"text":"fs20163082 - 2016 - Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Dnieper-Donets Basin and North Carpathian Basin Provinces, Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, and Poland, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T10:31:55","indexId":"fs20163082","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-30T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3082","title":"Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Dnieper-Donets Basin and North Carpathian Basin Provinces, Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, and Poland, 2015","docAbstract":"<p>Using a geology-based methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean&nbsp;resources of 13 million barrels of oil and 2,643 billion cubic feet of natural gas in the Dnieper-Donets Basin and North Carpathian&nbsp;Basin Provinces of Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, and Poland.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163082","usgsCitation":"Klett, T.R., Schenk, C.J., Brownfield, M.E., Charpentier, R.R., Mercier, T.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Tennyson, M.E., 2016, Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Dnieper-Donets Basin and North Carpathian Basin Provinces, Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, and Poland, 2015 (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3082, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163082.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070968","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3082/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":332334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3082/versionHist.txt","text":" Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2016-3082 Version History"},{"id":331294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3082/fs20163082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"388 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3082"}],"country":"Moldova, Poland, Romania, Ukraine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              25,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              25,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              55\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              25,\n              44\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: November 30, 2016; Version 1.1: December 20, 2016","contact":"<p>Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, MS-939<br>Denver Federal Center<br>Denver, CO 80225-0046</p><p><a href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/\">http://energy.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Undiscovered Resources Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-11-30","revisedDate":"2016-12-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff343e4b04fc80e43724a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":141185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leathers-Miller, Heidi M. 0000-0001-5208-9906 hleathers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-9906","contributorId":149262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leathers-Miller","given":"Heidi","email":"hleathers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":147380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70168861,"text":"70168861 - 2016 - Limited evidence of intercontinental dispersal of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 by migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:33:42","indexId":"70168861","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-07T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1988,"text":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited evidence of intercontinental dispersal of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 by migratory birds","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 (APMV-4) is a single stranded RNA virus that has most often been isolated from waterfowl. Limited information has been reported regarding the prevalence, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of AMPV-4. To assess the intercontinental dispersal of this viral agent, we sequenced the fusion gene of 58 APMV-4 isolates collected in the United States, Japan and the Ukraine and compared them to all available sequences on GenBank. With only a single exception the phylogenetic clades of APMV-4 sequences were monophyletic with respect to their continents of origin (North America, Asia and Europe). Thus, we detected limited evidence for recent intercontinental dispersal of APMV-4 in this study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.031","usgsCitation":"Reeves, A.B., Poulson, R.L., Muzyka, D., Ogawa, H., Imai, K., Nghia Bui, V., Hall, J.S., Pantin-Jackwood, M., Stallknecht, D.E., and Ramey, A.M., 2016, Limited evidence of intercontinental dispersal of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 by migratory birds: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 40, p. 104-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.031.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070263","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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,{"id":70046071,"text":"70046071 - 2013 - Arsenic and mercury in the soils of an industrial city in the Donets Basin, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T12:20:54","indexId":"70046071","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3423,"text":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic and mercury in the soils of an industrial city in the Donets Basin, Ukraine","docAbstract":"Soil and house dust collected in and around Hg mines and a processing facility in Horlivka, a mid-sized city in the Donets Basin of southeastern Ukraine, have elevated As and Hg levels. Surface soils collected at a former Hg-processing facility had up to 1300 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> As and 8800 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Hg; 1M HCl extractions showed 74–93% of the total As, and 1–13% of the total Hg to be solubilized, suggesting differential environmental mobility between these elements. In general, lower extractability of As and Hg was seen in soil samples up to 12 km from the Hg-processing facility, and the extractable (1M HCl, synthetic precipitation, deionized water) fractions of As are greater than those for Hg, indicating that Hg is present in a more resistant form than As. The means (standard deviation) of total As and Hg in grab samples collected from playgrounds and public spaces within 12 km of the industrial facility were 64 (±38) mg kg<sup>−1</sup> As and 12 (±9.4) mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Hg; all concentrations are elevated compared to regional soils. The mean concentrations of As and Hg in dust from homes in Horlivka were 5–15 times higher than dust from homes in a control city. 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,{"id":70040186,"text":"70040186 - 2012 - Geomyces destructans -- White-nose syndrome in hibernating bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T10:54:30.22832","indexId":"70040186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geomyces destructans -- White-nose syndrome in hibernating bats","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Infectious diseases of wild mammals and birds in Europe","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/9781118342442.ch40","usgsCitation":"Meteyer, C.U., and Wibbelt, G., 2012, Geomyces destructans -- White-nose syndrome in hibernating bats, chap. <i>of</i> Infectious diseases of wild mammals and birds in Europe, p. 473-475, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118342442.ch40.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"475","ipdsId":"IP-025540","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada;Belgium;Czech Republic;Estonia;France;Germany;Hungary;Poland;Switzerland;Slovakia;The Netherlands;Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Europe;North America","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50866d13e4b0a1435286d656","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gavier-Widen, Dolores","contributorId":112623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavier-Widen","given":"Dolores","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, J. Paul","contributorId":113593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509058,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meredith, Anna","contributorId":114018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meredith","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509059,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wibbelt, Gudrun","contributorId":72640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wibbelt","given":"Gudrun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039090,"text":"fs20123102 - 2012 - Potential for technically recoverable unconventional gas and oil resources in the Polish-Ukrainian Foredeep, Poland, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-21T01:01:57","indexId":"fs20123102","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3102","title":"Potential for technically recoverable unconventional gas and oil resources in the Polish-Ukrainian Foredeep, Poland, 2012","docAbstract":"Using a performance-based geological assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean volumes of 1,345 billion cubic feet of potentially technically recoverable gas and 168 million barrels of technically recoverable oil and natural gas liquids in Ordovician and Silurian age shales in the Polish- Ukrainian Foredeep basin of Poland.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123102","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., Pitman, J.K., Charpentier, R., Cook, T., Klett, T., and Schenk, C.J., 2012, Potential for technically recoverable unconventional gas and oil resources in the Polish-Ukrainian Foredeep, Poland, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3102, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123102.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258979,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3102/fs2012-3102.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3102.JPG"}],"country":"Poland;Ukraine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 14,50 ], [ 14,56 ], [ 29,56 ], [ 29,50 ], [ 14,50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f1be4b0c8380cd7a912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, Troy","contributorId":6418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70004634,"text":"fs20113051 - 2011 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Dnieper-Donets Basin Province and Pripyat Basin Province, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"fs20113051","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3051","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Dnieper-Donets Basin Province and Pripyat Basin Province, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, using a geology-based assessment methodology, estimated mean volumes of technically recoverable, conventional, undiscovered petroleum resources at 84 million barrels of crude oil, 4.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 130 million barrels of natural gas liquids for the Dnieper-Donets Basin Province and 39 million barrels of crude oil, 48 billion cubic feet of natural gas, and 1 million barrels of natural gas liquids for the Pripyat Basin Province. The assessments are part of a program to estimate these resources for priority basins throughout the world.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113051","collaboration":"World Petroleum Resources Project","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., 2011, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Dnieper-Donets Basin Province and Pripyat Basin Province, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3051, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113051.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3051.gif"},{"id":21878,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Russia;Ukraine;Belarus","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 25,45 ], [ 25,55 ], [ 45,55 ], [ 45,45 ], [ 25,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004635,"text":"fs20113052 - 2011 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Azov-Kuban Basin Province, Ukraine and Russia, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"fs20113052","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-15T13:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3052","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Azov-Kuban Basin Province, Ukraine and Russia, 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, using a geology-based assessment methodology, estimated mean volumes of technically recoverable, conventional, undiscovered petroleum resources at 218 million barrels of crude oil, 4.1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 94 million barrels of natural gas liquids for the Azov-Kuban Basin Province as part of a program to estimate petroleum resources for priority basins throughout the world.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113052","collaboration":"World Petroleum Resources Project","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., 2011, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Azov-Kuban Basin Province, Ukraine and Russia, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3052, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113052.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3052.gif"},{"id":21879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Ukraine;Russia","otherGeospatial":"Azov-kuban Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 35,40 ], [ 35,50 ], [ 45,50 ], [ 45,40 ], [ 35,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034822,"text":"70034822 - 2011 - Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:55:30","indexId":"70034822","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2404,"text":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract test\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>This study evaluates biomarkers of mercury exposure among residents of Horlivka, a city in eastern Ukraine located in an area with geologic and industrial sources of environmental mercury, and residents of Artemivsk, a nearby comparison city outside the mercury-enriched area. Samples of urine, blood, hair, and nails were collected from study participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in mines. Median biomarker mercury concentrations in Artemivsk were 0.26 μg/g-Cr (urine), 0.92 μg/L (blood), 0.42 μg/g (hair), 0.11 μg/g (toenails), and 0.09 μg/g (fingernails); median concentrations in Horlivka were 0.15 μg/g-Cr (urine), 1.01 μg/L (blood), 0.14 μg/g (hair), 0.31 μg/g (toenails), and 0.31 μg/g (fingernails). Biomarkers of mercury exposure for study participants from Horlivka and Artemivsk are low in comparison with occupationally exposed workers at a mercury recycling facility in Horlivka and in comparison with exposures known to be associated with clinical effects. Blood and urinary mercury did not suggest a higher mercury exposure among Horlivka residents as compared with Artemivsk; however, three individuals living in the immediate vicinity of the mercury mines had elevated blood and urinary mercury, relative to overall results for either city. For a limited number of residents from Horlivka (N = 7) and Artemivsk (N = 4), environmental samples (vacuum cleaner dust, dust wipes, soil) were collected from their residences. Mercury concentrations in vacuum cleaner dust and soil were good predictors of blood and urinary mercury.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15459624.2011.556984","issn":"15459624","usgsCitation":"Gibb, H., Haver, C., Kozlov, K., Centeno, J., Jurgenson, V., Kolker, A., Conko, K.M., Landa, E.R., and Xu, H., 2011, Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v. 8, no. 4, p. 187-193, https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2011.556984.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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H.","contributorId":92075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haver, C.","contributorId":35974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haver","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kozlov, K.","contributorId":56877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozlov","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jurgenson, V.","contributorId":88968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgenson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70004039,"text":"70004039 - 2009 - Morphological characteristics and growth of northern pike in waters of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T11:16:09","indexId":"70004039","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:57:13","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological characteristics and growth of northern pike in waters of the United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"Ukrainian","publisher":"Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences","publisherLocation":"Kiev, Ukraine","usgsCitation":"Kuzmenko, Y., Spesyviy, T., and Bonar, S.A., 2009, Morphological characteristics and growth of northern pike in waters of the United States: Fisheries, v. 67, p. 131-135.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-029812","costCenters":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"67","publicComments":"кузьменко, ю. г., т. в. спесивьій, с.а. боннар. 2009. морфологическая характеристика и рост щуки (Esox lucius L.) некоторьіх водоемов сша. рибне господарство міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник випуск 67:131-135. (Kuzmenko, Specivy and Bonar. 2009. Morphological characteristics and growth of northern pike in waters of the United States. Fisheries (Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences) 67:131-135","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e3ee4b0c8380cd708c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuzmenko, Y.G.","contributorId":65704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmenko","given":"Y.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spesyviy, T.B.","contributorId":73049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spesyviy","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036738,"text":"70036738 - 2009 - Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:26:53","indexId":"70036738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury-rich coals in the Donets Basin (Donbas region) of Ukraine were sampled in active underground mines to assess the levels of potentially harmful elements and the potential for dispersion of metals through use of this coal. For 29 samples representing c<sub>11</sub> to m<sub>3</sub> Carboniferous coals, mercury contents range from 0.02 to 3.5 ppm (whole-coal dry basis). Mercury is well correlated with pyritic sulfur (0.01 to 3.2 wt.%), with an r<sup>2</sup> of 0.614 (one outlier excluded). Sulfides in these samples show enrichment of minor constituents in late-stage pyrite formed as a result of interaction of coal with hydrothermal fluids. Mine water sampled at depth and at surface collection points does not show enrichment of trace metals at harmful levels, indicating pyrite stability at subsurface conditions. Four samples of coal exposed in the defunct open-cast Nikitovka mercury mines in Gorlovka have extreme mercury contents of 12.8 to 25.5 ppm. This coal was formerly produced as a byproduct of extracting sandstone-hosted cinnabar ore. Access to these workings is unrestricted and small amounts of extreme mercury-rich coal are collected for domestic use, posing a limited human health hazard. More widespread hazards are posed by the abandoned Nikitovka mercury processing plant, the extensive mercury mine tailings, and mercury enrichment of soils extending into residential areas of Gorlovka.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Panov, B., Panov, Y., Landa, E.R., Conko, K., Korchemagin, V., Shendrik, T., and McCord, J., 2009, Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003"}],"country":"Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Donbas mines","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              37.0,\n              49.0\n            ],\n            [\n              37.0,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              38.4,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              38.4,\n              49.0\n            ],\n            [\n              37.0,\n              49.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53e4e4b0c8380cd6cdb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panov, B.S.","contributorId":79735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panov, Y.B.","contributorId":13071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conko, K.M. 0000-0001-6361-4921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":37503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Korchemagin, V.A.","contributorId":83767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korchemagin","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shendrik, T.","contributorId":47210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shendrik","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, J.D.","contributorId":74199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031905,"text":"70031905 - 2008 - Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:00:42","indexId":"70031905","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2404,"text":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract test\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>This study evaluates biomarkers of occupational mercury exposure among workers at a mercury recycling operation in Gorlovka, Ukraine. The 29 study participants were divided into three occupational categories for analysis: (1) those who worked in the mercury recycling operation (Group A, n = 8), (2) those who worked at the facility but not in the yard where the recycling was done (Group B, n = 14), and (3) those who did not work at the facility (Group C, n = 7). Urine, blood, hair, and nail samples were collected from the participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in the former mercury mine/smelter located on the site of the recycling facility. Each factor was tested in a univariate regression with total mercury in urine, blood, hair, and nails. Median biomarker concentrations were 4.04 μg/g-Cr (urine), 2.58 μg/L (blood), 3.95 μg/g (hair), and 1.16 μg/g (nails). Occupational category was significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.001) with both blood and urinary mercury concentrations but not with hair or nail mercury. Four individuals had urinary mercury concentrations in a range previously found to be associated with subtle neurological and subjective symptoms (e.g., fatigue, loss of appetite, irritability), and one worker had a urinary mercury concentration in a range associated with a high probability of neurological effects and proteinuria. Comparison of results by occupational category found that workers directly involved with the recycling operation had the highest blood and urinary mercury levels. Those who worked at the facility but were not directly involved with the recycling operation had higher levels than those who did not work at the facility.</p></div></div><div class=\"abstractKeywords\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15459620802174432","issn":"15459624","usgsCitation":"Gibb, H., Kozlov, K., Buckley, J., Centeno, J., Jurgenson, V., Kolker, A., Conko, K., Landa, E., Panov, B., Panov, Y., and Xu, H., 2008, Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v. 5, no. 8, p. 483-489, https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620802174432.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"489","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620802174432"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f189e4b0c8380cd4acae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibb, H.J.","contributorId":41666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozlov, K.","contributorId":56877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozlov","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, J.P.","contributorId":105548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Centeno, J.","contributorId":103481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jurgenson, V.","contributorId":88968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgenson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conko, K. 0000-0001-6361-4921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":67313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landa, E.","contributorId":49200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Panov, B.","contributorId":16669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Panov, Y.","contributorId":30470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":79448,"text":"cir1298 - 2006 - Worldwide Asbestos Supply and Consumption Trends from 1900 through 2003","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51465,"text":"ofr0383 - 2003 - Worldwide asbestos supply and consumption trends from 1900 to 2000","indexId":"ofr0383","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Worldwide asbestos supply and consumption trends from 1900 to 2000"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":79448,"text":"cir1298 - 2006 - Worldwide Asbestos Supply and Consumption Trends from 1900 through 2003","indexId":"cir1298","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Worldwide Asbestos Supply and Consumption Trends from 1900 through 2003"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T10:41:27","indexId":"cir1298","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1298","title":"Worldwide Asbestos Supply and Consumption Trends from 1900 through 2003","docAbstract":"This Circular updates and supersedes U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File Report 03–083, \"Worldwide Asbestos Supply and Consumption Trends from 1900 to 2000,\" with the addition of supply and consumption estimates and analysis from 2001 through 2003 and revisions to the consumption estimates for 1998 through 2000. The text from Open-File Report 03–083 also has been updated in this Circular to include revisions to and expansion of the time-series coverage. The use of asbestos is one of the most controversial issues surrounding the industrial minerals industry. Its carcinogenic nature, an overall lack of knowledge of minimum safe exposure levels, its widespread use for more than 100 years, and the long latency for the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma are the main contributing factors to these controversies. Another factor is that, despite decades of research, the mechanisms responsible for its carcinogenic properties are still largely unknown. The United States produced about 3.29 million metric tons (Mt) of asbestos and used approximately 31.5 Mt between 1900 and 2003. About half of this amount was used after 1960. In 2002, the last asbestos mine in the United States closed, marking the end of more than 110 years of U.S. asbestos production. Cumulative world production from 1900 through 2003 was about 181 Mt. If one assumes that unusually large stocks were not maintained and that world consumption roughly equaled production, then about half of the world production and consumption occurred between the end of 1976 and the end of 2003. The United States and Western European nations were the largest consumers of asbestos during the first two-thirds of the 20th century. They were surpassed by the collective production and consumption of Kazakhstan and Russia by the 1970s. After the onset of the health issues concerning asbestos in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the decline in world production and consumption began to be evident in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, a major user of asbestos, resulted in a significant decline in asbestos consumption and production in former Soviet-bloc countries. Consumption and production in Kazakhstan and Russia increased through 2003 from 2001, albeit to a much lower level than in the 1980s. In 2003, world consumption was estimated to be 2.11 Mt, about 45 percent that of 1980. Relatively few countries in Asia, the Middle East, South America, and the former Soviet Union remained as the leading users of asbestos. China was the leading consuming nation, using an estimated 492,000 metric tons (t) in 2003. China was followed, in decreasing order of consumption, by Russia (429,000 t), India (192,000 t), Kazakhstan (174,000 t), Ukraine (156,000 t), Thailand (133,000 t), Brazil (78,400 t), and Iran (75,800 t). These eight countries accounted for 82 percent of the world's apparent consumption in 2003. Following Iran, in decreasing order of consumption by tonnage, were Uzbekistan (42,400 t), Vietnam (39,400 t), Indonesia (32,300 t), the Republic of Korea (23,800 t), Kyrgyzstan (23,700 t), Japan (23,400 t), and Mexico (20,100 t). Consumption in all other countries was estimated to be less than 15,000 t each in 2003. Sizable consumption increases occurred in Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Thailand, and Ukraine between 2000 and the end of 2003. Consumption patterns in countries using less than 5,000 t per year were too erratic to ascertain any trends in their use of asbestos.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1298","isbn":"1411311671","collaboration":"Updates to the data tables in this publication can be found in the Mineral Industry Surveys and Minerals Yearbook chapters about asbestos, at: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/","usgsCitation":"Virta, R.L., 2006, Worldwide Asbestos Supply and Consumption Trends from 1900 through 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1298, v, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1298.","productDescription":"v, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"85","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8989,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2006/1298/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, Robert L. rvirta@usgs.gov","contributorId":395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"Robert","email":"rvirta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":75823,"text":"b2204D - 2006 - Total Petroleum Systems of the North Carpathian Province of Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Austria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T16:48:17","indexId":"b2204D","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2204","chapter":"D","title":"Total Petroleum Systems of the North Carpathian Province of Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Austria","docAbstract":"Three total petroleum systems were identified in the North Carpathian Province (4047) that includes parts of Poland, Ukraine, Austria, and the Czech Republic. They are the Isotopically Light Gas Total Petroleum System, the Mesozoic-Paleogene Composite Total Petroleum System, and the Paleozoic Composite Total Petroleum System. The Foreland Basin Assessment Unit of the Isotopically Light Gas Total Petroleum System is wholly contained within the shallow sedimentary rocks of Neogene molasse in the Carpathian foredeep. The biogenic gas is generated locally as the result of bacterial activity on dispersed organic matter. Migration is also believed to be local, and gas is believed to be trapped in shallow stratigraphic traps.\r\n\r\nThe Mesozoic-Paleogene Composite Total Petroleum System, which includes the Deformed Belt Assessment Unit, is structurally complex, and source rocks, reservoirs, and seals are juxtaposed in such a way that a single stratigraphic section is insufficient to describe the geology. The Menilite Shale, an organic-rich rock widespread throughout the Carpathian region, is the main hydrocarbon source rock. Other Jurassic to Cretaceous formations also contribute to oil and gas in the overthrust zone in Poland and Ukraine but in smaller amounts, because those formations are more localized than the Menilite Shale.\r\n\r\nThe Paleozoic Composite Total Petroleum System is defined on the basis of the suspected source rock for two oil or gas fields in western Poland. The Paleozoic Reservoirs Assessment Unit encompasses Devonian organic-rich shale believed to be a source of deep gas within the total petroleum system. East of this field is a Paleozoic oil accumulation whose source is uncertain; however, it possesses geochemical similarities to oil generated by Upper Carboniferous coals.\r\n\r\nThe undiscovered resources in the North Carpathian Province are, at the mean, 4.61 trillion cubic feet of gas and 359 million barrels of oil. Many favorable parts of the province have been extensively explored for oil and gas. The lateral and vertical variability of the structure, the distribution and complex geologic nature of source rocks, and the depths of potential exploration targets, as well as the high degree of exploration, all indicate that future discoveries in this province are likely to be numerous but in small fields.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"World Petroleum Assessment 2000","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2204D","usgsCitation":"Pawlewicz, M., 2006, Total Petroleum Systems of the North Carpathian Province of Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Austria (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2204, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2204D.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":174,"text":"Central Region Energy Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7039,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2204/d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 14,43 ], [ 14,52 ], [ 30,52 ], [ 30,43 ], [ 14,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark","contributorId":69212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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