Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 37.6 billion barrels of oil and 281.6 trillion cubic feet of gas in 31 geologic provinces of South America and the Caribbean.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263066","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of South America and the Caribbean, 2025: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3066, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263066.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-183424","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500988,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263066/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3066"},{"id":500985,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3066/fs20263066.xml"},{"id":500984,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3066/images"},{"id":500772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3066/fs20263066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3066"},{"id":500770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1MI2FYG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—South America and Caribbean provinces—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean, South America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -58.45853817386718,\n 13.43004801084264\n ],\n [\n -61.45333320389646,\n 19.89259212340386\n ],\n [\n -78.2572391598639,\n 26.28452892339132\n ],\n [\n -79.58332927600556,\n 23.742889739729634\n ],\n [\n -84.84696683089616,\n 23.89342153490864\n ],\n [\n -86.89869997108627,\n 19.109914009913254\n ],\n [\n -87.32639646314531,\n 17.087504336902853\n ],\n [\n -81.83228755638481,\n 19.55509737067692\n ],\n [\n -75.72927581835268,\n 16.143834985794\n ],\n [\n -77.6964764087617,\n 6.913580156094852\n ],\n [\n -82.3945350889498,\n -3.0099967310220137\n ],\n [\n -80.62208090735567,\n -9.955564711150814\n ],\n [\n -76.03422687889487,\n -16.134444305261667\n ],\n [\n -71.37414634430803,\n -19.84524857686681\n ],\n [\n -78.43865962428788,\n -49.925990359254726\n ],\n [\n -65.35929186736915,\n -60.50071053060525\n ],\n [\n -54.77968256393444,\n -51.974033013111615\n ],\n [\n -55.79695773401548,\n -39.25031124406797\n ],\n [\n -38.8988403624939,\n -22.50704406545175\n ],\n [\n -31.721830236886944,\n -6.756212684855086\n ],\n [\n -31.84730311368935,\n -1.4371414685820696\n ],\n [\n -58.45853817386718,\n 13.43004801084264\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
U.S. Geological Survey research is providing key critical mineral information that may have potential for critical mineral production of several mining districts in the Boulder Batholith region, to better understand the abundance and distribution of natural resources within this region. Continued research can be used to show the potential for previously undiscovered critical mineral resources in southwestern Montana and in other parts of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263064","programNote":"Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Suggested citation: Gaynor, S.P., Anderson, E.D., Eastman, K.A., Lund, K., Gammons, C., Lowers, H., and Thompson, J., 2026, Critical minerals in zinc ore—An update on Earth Mapping Resources Initiative Research in the Boulder Batholith region (ver. 1.1, March 2026), Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3064, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263064.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-179404","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/images"},{"id":500765,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/fs20263064.xml"},{"id":500766,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263064/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3064"},{"id":500739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/fs20263064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3064"},{"id":500811,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/versionHist.txt","size":"8.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2026-3064 version history"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.667,\n 46.667\n ],\n [\n -113.4167,\n 46.667\n ],\n [\n -113.4167,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -111.667,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -111.667,\n 46.667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 4, 2026; Version 1.1: March 5, 2026","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val (Calibration and Validation) Center of Excellence is a global leader in improving the accuracy, precision, and quality of remote-sensing data. Calibration is the process of quantitatively defining a system’s response to known and controlled signal inputs. Validation is the process of assessing, by independent means, the quality of the calibrated data products derived from system outputs.
The Landsat Cal/Val team, comanaged by the Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Landsat Science Project, continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level, ensuring its reliability for scientific research. Landsat data quality is often referred to as the “gold standard” and gives other civil and commercial satellite programs a trusted reference point for measuring their own data quality.
The Landsat program started more than 50 years ago. Since then, Landsat missions have gone through multiple technological advances, which, together with improved calibration and validation techniques, have led to higher data quality over time. The Cal/Val team also maintains consistency in data calibration across the multiple generations of sensors, which is vital to many scientists for time-series analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263001","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., Choate, M.J., Micijevic, E., and Shaw, J.L., 2026, Landsat 8–9 geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3001, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263001.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177245","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500745,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263001/full"},{"id":500741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500742,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/fs20263001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3001"},{"id":500743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/fs20263001.XML"},{"id":500744,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3001/images/"}],"contact":"Project team, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Cal/Val Center of Excellence (ECCOE)
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 269 million barrels of oil and 14.3 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Larsen Basin, Antarctica.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263063","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Pitman, J.K., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Larsen Basin, Antarctica, 2025: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3063, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263063.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-182057","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500693,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119286.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":500515,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263063/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3063"},{"id":500514,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3063/fs20263063.xml"},{"id":500356,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14LT9DY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Larsen Basin, Antarctica—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":500513,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3063/images"},{"id":500355,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3063/fs20263063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3063"},{"id":500354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3063/coverthb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Larsen Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80,\n -60\n ],\n [\n -80,\n -73.5\n ],\n [\n -45,\n -73.5\n ],\n [\n -45,\n -60\n ],\n [\n -80,\n -60\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 10.4 billion barrels of oil and 53.3 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Santos Basin, Campos Basin, and Espírito Santo Basin provinces of Brazil.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263062","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Santos Basin, Campos Basin, and Espírito Santo Basin provinces of Brazil, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3062, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263062.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-170837","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499768,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263062/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3062"},{"id":499760,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3062/fs20263062.xml"},{"id":499759,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3062/images"},{"id":499655,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3062/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500705,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119288.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499657,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13LEA4F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Santos Basin, Campos Basin, and Espírito Santo Basin Provinces of Brazil—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":499656,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3062/fs20263062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3062"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Campos Basin, Espírito Santo Basin, Santos Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -35.75,\n -17.75\n ],\n [\n -48,\n -17.75\n ],\n [\n -48,\n -28\n ],\n [\n -35.75,\n -28\n ],\n [\n -35.75,\n -17.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
At the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory, which is located in the Florence Bascom Geoscience Center at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) headquarters in Reston, Virginia, scientists use physical sedimentology and particle characterization techniques to conduct detailed sediment characterization. Scientists address research problems in collaboration with other USGS science centers, State geological surveys, commercial industry, universities, and other partners. Laboratory capabilities include laser diffractometry for quantitative particle-size analysis, portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis for determining elemental abundances in rock or sediment samples, petrographic analysis of geologic media, and mechanical sieve analysis. These methods are used to analyze soil and sediment core material from terrestrial, marine, and lacustrine environments, surface sediments from coastal regions, and calcareous materials. Work done by the laboratory supports geologic mapping, resource assessments, land change studies, and geohazard analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253051","usgsCitation":"Colip, Grant D., 2026, Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory, Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3051, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253051.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-180629","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3051/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":499523,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3051/fs20253051.pdf","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3051 PDF"},{"id":499524,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253051/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3051 HTML"},{"id":499525,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3051/fs20253051.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2025-3051 XML"},{"id":499526,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3051/images/"}],"contact":"Director, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 208 million barrels of oil and 4.1 trillion cubic feet of gas in the greater Carpathian area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263060","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Greater Carpathian area, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3060, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263060.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171516","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499209,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263060/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3060"},{"id":499188,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3060/fs20263060.xml"},{"id":499187,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3060/images"},{"id":498996,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1NQM3OG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Greater Carpathian Area—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":498995,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3060/fs20263060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3060"},{"id":498994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 28.282640013090003,\n 42.19775738136639\n ],\n [\n 29.706673875286214,\n 45.05546549987491\n ],\n [\n 28.034737883187205,\n 45.36262108301031\n ],\n [\n 27.723078389295182,\n 46.84002864420884\n ],\n [\n 25.544381185042795,\n 49.506035185066054\n ],\n [\n 22.85251623689095,\n 50.747705626626896\n ],\n [\n 17.898540113853898,\n 50.84734182527046\n ],\n [\n 15.148267433150153,\n 49.86805347515545\n ],\n [\n 14.631230657569603,\n 47.44941241529756\n ],\n [\n 15.241253273870484,\n 46.1571351730216\n ],\n [\n 17.012337431389938,\n 44.40015986232331\n ],\n [\n 21.509502224383397,\n 44.25564458758868\n ],\n [\n 23.414317543662804,\n 43.11294701010348\n ],\n [\n 27.384869093560297,\n 42.7282775521596\n ],\n [\n 28.282640013090003,\n 42.19775738136639\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The San Francisco Bay and Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Estuary (hereafter, Bay-Delta) is the largest estuary on the West Coast of the United States. The Bay- Delta covers more than 1,600 square miles and drains a watershed of more than 75,000 square miles, which is greater than 40 percent of California. The region surrounding the Bay- Delta is home to about 10 million people, and its habitats (fig. 1) support more than 800 plant and animal species. The waterways of the Bay- Delta are the central hub of California’s extensive freshwater delivery system, supplying water to more than 27 million Californians and 4 million acres of farmland in the Central Valley.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the primary science agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior, providing a broad range of Earth, water, biological, and mapping data and expertise to inform natural resource management across the country. This fact sheet focuses on research conducted by the USGS in the Bay- Delta region, mostly within the past 5 years. The fact sheet is organized across five major themes: water flow and water quality, fish and wildlife, wetland restoration, invasive species, and hazards. In each of these areas, the USGS works closely with Federal, State, and local agencies; academia; and non- governmental organizations to provide objective, evidence-based science. The data and knowledge gained from USGS research and monitoring are publicly available and are routinely used by agencies, including the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Water Resources, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California State Water Resources Control Board, Delta Stewardship Council, and many additional organizations and stakeholders to inform management of the Bay- Delta region and its resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253058","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J.Z., and Weltzin, J.F., 2026, Recent scientific contributions by the U.S. Geological Survey in the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Estuary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3058, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253058.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-177659","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3058/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":498952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3058/fs20253058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3058 PDF"},{"id":498953,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253058/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3058 HTML"},{"id":498954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3058/fs20253058.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2025-3058 XML"},{"id":499139,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119170.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":498955,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3058/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Estuary, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.02008172785412,\n 38.8200776149005\n ],\n [\n -122.56776314124848,\n 38.8200776149005\n ],\n [\n -122.56776314124848,\n 37.19924956798722\n ],\n [\n -121.02008172785412,\n 37.19924956798722\n ],\n [\n -121.02008172785412,\n 38.8200776149005\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the primary science agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior. In the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Estuary (Bay-Delta) of California, the USGS plays a unique role in providing scientific leadership because of its broad research and monitoring capabilities, innovative methodologies for data collection and analysis, and dedication to objective and credible science. This fact sheet provides a summary of recent USGS projects across the Bay-Delta organized under five major research themes: water flow and water quality, fish and wildlife, wetland restoration, invasive species, and hazards. A key component of USGS research is close collaboration with State and Federal partners, academia, and non-governmental organizations to accomplish its goals. The research and partnerships described in this fact sheet are critical to the management of the complex natural resource issues across the Bay-Delta region of California.
","publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake 0000-0001-8641-6645","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":365438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","affiliations":[{"id":87138,"text":"formerly Senior Science Advisor, EMA, USGS, now retired.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70273408,"text":"fs20263059 - 2026 - Assessment of undiscovered continuous and conventional oil and gas resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T17:07:11.184152","indexId":"fs20263059","displayToPublicDate":"2026-01-14T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-3059","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Continuous and Conventional Oil and Gas Resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025","title":"Assessment of undiscovered continuous and conventional oil and gas resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean continuous and conventional resources of 1.6 billion barrels of oil and 28.3 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263059","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Cicero, A.D., Schenk, C.J., Lagesse, J.H., Johnson, B.G., Mercier, T.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., and Le, P.A., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered continuous and conventional oil and gas resources in the Woodford and Barnett Shales of the Permian Basin Province, Texas and New Mexico, 2025: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3059, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263059.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p,; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-179456","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498559,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13P5ZGT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Permian Basin Province, Woodford Shale and Barnett Shale Conventional and Continuous Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":498556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":498906,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119161.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":498624,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263059/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3059"},{"id":498620,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/fs20263059.xml"},{"id":498619,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/images"},{"id":498557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3059/fs20263059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3059"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Woodford and Barnett Shales","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Building on a geology-based assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable hydrocarbon resources within the Haynesville Formation, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated the water and proppant necessary for development of the remaining resources associated with the Haynesville Sabine Uplift Continuous Gas Assessment Unit. Additionally, projections have been made on the volume of wastewater expected as a byproduct of possible future development. This fact sheet presents an overview of the methodology, along with the inputs and results of the Haynesville water and proppant assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253053","usgsCitation":"Gardner, R., Flaum, J.A., Haines, S.S., Birdwell, J.E., Kinney, S.A., Varela, B., French, K.L., Pitman, J.K., Paxton, S.T., Mercier, T.J., Schenk, C.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Shook, H.D., 2026, Assessment of water and proppant quantities associated with hydrocarbon production from the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3053, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253053.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171002","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499599,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119154.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":498591,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253053/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3053"},{"id":498515,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/fs20253053.xml"},{"id":497505,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UCE8FT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Gulf Coast Mesozoic Province, Haynesville Formation Water and Proppant Assessment—Assessment Input Tables and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":498514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/images"},{"id":497504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/fs20253053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3053"},{"id":497503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3053/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 33.838592660251564\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 27.450416297985527\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 27.450416297985527\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 33.838592660251564\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 33.838592660251564\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
The FluOil tool helps oil spill planners and responders estimate how fast and far oiled sediment (called oil-particle aggregates [OPA]) can travel in rivers during an oil spill, and where it may settle out on the riverbed. The user interface makes it easy to run the tool for a range of river flow conditions and OPA characteristics.
","publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":209191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roland, Collin 0000-0003-1004-0746","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-0746","contributorId":343660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Collin","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaughan, Angus 0000-0001-9900-4658","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-4658","contributorId":302333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"Angus","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, Zhenduo","contributorId":340263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhenduo","affiliations":[{"id":81528,"text":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soong, David 0000-0003-0404-2163","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0404-2163","contributorId":206523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sortor, Rachel 0000-0002-8778-4383","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-4383","contributorId":298591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sortor","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70273088,"text":"fs20253054 - 2025 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T16:57:11.180664","indexId":"fs20253054","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-17T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3054","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Haynesville Formation Within the Onshore United States and State Waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 152 million barrels of oil and 47.9 trillion cubic feet of gas in reservoirs of the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin.
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Freshwater streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed are home to numerous aquatic organisms (like fish, amphibians, mussels, and insects) and provide drinking water and recreational opportunities to people living in or visiting the watershed. Land-use changes, such as urban development and increased activities in certain agricultural sectors, have degraded water quality and altered conditions in these streams, thereby affecting their health and function. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with Federal, State, and local partners to develop modeled assessments of stream health in freshwater streams and rivers within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The USGS compiled large datasets for multiple stream health indicators, including instream stressors (salinity, water temperature, physical habitat, and streambank erosion) and living resources (macroinvertebrates and fish communities; fig. 1). These datasets were used by USGS scientists to develop models to predict stream health conditions across the entire region, including areas with little or no monitoring data. Collectively, these stream health assessments provide critical information to natural resource managers who implement restoration and conservation activities in the region.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
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The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) collects atmospheric data to monitor air pollution effects on the quality of United States water supplies and ecosystems. The NADP requires consistent data collection at fixed locations and is governed by a committee with participation by many Federal and State agencies, universities, Tribes, and private companies. NADP conducts a spring business meeting where the Network Operations, Education and Outreach, and multiple science subcommittees adjourn to discuss all aspects of NADP. Similar to the spring meeting, a fall meeting occurs with the addition of a two-day scientific symposium where scientists present their research using NADP data.
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]\n}","contact":"National Atmospheric Deposition Program Coordinator
Observing Systems Division
Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional and continuous resources of 4.7 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Mesaverde Group and Lance Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253048","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Lagesse, J.H., Schenk, C.J., Hearon, J.S., Gelman, S.E., Finn, T.M., Johnson, B.G., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Cicero, A.D., and Drake, R.M., II, 2025, Assessment of undiscovered conventional and continuous gas resources in the Mesaverde Group and Lance Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado, 2025: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3048, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253048.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-178182","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497804,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119049.htm"},{"id":497024,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253048/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3048"},{"id":497020,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3048/fs20253048.xml"},{"id":497019,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3048/images"},{"id":496957,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1NYUDGF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project-Southwestern Wyoming Province, Mesaverde Group and Lance Formation Conventional and Continuous Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":496954,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3048/fs20253048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3048"},{"id":496953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3048/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern Wyoming Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 67 million barrels of oil and 56 billion cubic feet of gas in the Santa Maria Basin Province of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253052","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Tennyson, M.E., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2025, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Santa Maria Basin Province, California, 2024 (ver. 1.1, November 26, 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3052, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253052.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171237","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496780,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253052/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3052"},{"id":496885,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3052/VersionHistory.txt","size":"4.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2025-3052 version history"},{"id":496778,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3052/images"},{"id":496543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14QM36P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Santa Maria Basin Province, California—Assessment unit boundaries, assessment input data, and fact sheet data tables"},{"id":496542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3052/fs20253052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3052"},{"id":496541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3052/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":497796,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118988.htm"},{"id":496779,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3052/fs20253052.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Maria Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 34.4\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.4\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: November 21, 2025; Version 1.1: November 26, 2025","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a scarce but vital resource for our modern economies and lifestyles. Since the late 1990s, China has supplied the vast majority of the world’s refined REEs. Increasing global demand has broadened the search for REE deposits to unconventional places, including the Moon. Although most lunar rocks have very low REE concentrations, Apollo samples showed that one type of lunar rock containing potassium (K), REEs, and phosphorus (P)—known by the acronym KREEP—has high concentrations of REEs. Data from orbiting satellites have identified locations where substantial deposits of KREEP are likely. The viability of mining these deposits depends on the evolution of REE economics, the development of the Earth-Moon infrastructure, and the findings from future lunar mineral exploration missions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253049","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L.P., Coyan, J.A., Pigue, L.M., Bennett, K.A., and Gabriel, T.S.J., 2025, Rare earth elements on the Moon: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025-3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253049.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177188","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3049/fs20253049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3049 PDF"},{"id":496649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3049/coverthb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"the Moon","contact":"Astrogeology Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Western California is home to a variety of volcanic rocks. The locations, ages, and chemical compositions of these volcanic rocks help tell part of the fascinating story of California’s plate tectonic evolution over the past 40 million years. These volcanic rocks are a product of multiple tectonic processes, including subduction of divergent and transform plate boundaries beneath continental North America, opening of a slab window, creation and migration of a tectonic triple junction, and the birth and growth of the San Andreas Fault. This fact sheet explains these tectonic processes and discusses their role in shaping the volcanic history of western California over the past 40 million years. By studying the volcanic rock record in western California, geologists are able to piece together how regional volcanism and plate tectonics are linked in space and time. Recognizing this linkage helps scientists to understand possible future volcanism in the region, potential hazards associated with this volcanism, and the impacts these hazards may have on population and infrastructure. The U.S. Geological Survey California Volcano Observatory (CalVO) closely monitors the parts of western California with the greatest potential for volcanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253013","usgsCitation":"Burgess, S., 2025, Plate tectonics and volcanism in western California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3013, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253013.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-163622","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496594,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3013/fs20253013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3013 PDF"},{"id":496593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":497792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118954.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"western California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.38733351762187,\n 32.59868901288149\n ],\n [\n -115.3421680410813,\n 32.7504065185027\n ],\n [\n -115.38672450471125,\n 33.9524552673855\n ],\n [\n -121.21290250910971,\n 39.35530704524879\n ],\n [\n -122.17585532159484,\n 40.55715736870522\n ],\n [\n -124.73655671441642,\n 40.36293527192478\n ],\n [\n -122.6851834364515,\n 36.66622910881948\n ],\n [\n -120.14136480939621,\n 32.588636683227534\n ],\n [\n -117.38733351762187,\n 32.59868901288149\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"California Volcano Observatory
Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 North Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Email: askCVO@usgs.gov
The Los Planes watershed of Baja California Sur, Mexico, and its underlying aquifer are experiencing groundwater decline owing to low average annual rainfall (28.1 centimeters per year) and rising water demand from population growth and agricultural activities. This decline in water availability can lead to desertification—a process that changes arable land to desert by degrading soil and vegetation—and can pose serious challenges to livelihoods that depend on the land.
To address these issues, a ranch in the Los Planes watershed has installed many natural infrastructures in dryland streams (NIDS) in channels for soil and water conservation. In 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began working with regional researchers and land managers to investigate the effects of NIDS on natural biological, geochemical, and physical processes and determine the efficacy of NIDS for water augmentation in the Los Planes watershed. The USGS also worked with local academic institutions and nonprofit organizations to create public educational opportunities focused on the area’s hydrogeology. These and other collaborative efforts with the U.S. Water Partnership and Innovaciones Alumbra aim at enhancing water resources in the Baja California Sur region and promoting water security and safeguarding community well-being.
La cuenca de Los Planes, ubicada en Baja California Sur, México, y su acuífero subyacente, están sufriendo una disminución de las aguas subterráneas debido a la baja precipitación media anual (28.1 centímetros por año) y la alta demanda de agua por parte de una población creciente y la actividad agrícola. Esta disminución de la disponibilidad de agua puede conducir a la desertificación—un proceso que por medio de la degradación del suelo y la vegetación convierte a la tierra cultivable en desierto—representando un serio desafío para los medios de vida de las personas.
Para abordar estos problemas, un rancho en la cuenca de Los Planes ha instalado numerosas obras de Infraestructura Natural en Arroyos de Tierras Áridas (INATS) para conservación del suelo y del agua. En 2022, el Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos (USGS, por sus siglas en inglés) comenzó a trabajar con investigadores regionales y gestores de tierras para estudiar los efectos de INATS en los procesos biológicos, geoquímicos y físicos, y determinar su eficacia en el aumento de los recursos hídricos en la cuenca de Los Planes. El USGS se ha asociado con instituciones académicas y organizaciones locales sin fines de lucro para crear oportunidades educativas públicas centradas en la hidrogeología de la zona. Estos y otros esfuerzos colaborativos con la Asociación del Agua de Estados Unidos (U.S. Water Partnership) e Innovaciones Alumbra, tienen como objetivo mejorar el uso de los recursos hídricos en la región de Baja California Sur, promover la seguridad hídrica y proteger el bienestar de la comunidad.
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253042","usgsCitation":"Anides Morales, A., Norman, L.M., and Mack, T.J., 2025, Preserving and increasing water resources—Natural infrastructure in dryland streams in Baja California Sur, Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3042, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253042.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-167963","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496556,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3042/fs20253042.pdf","text":"Report (English)","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3042 PDF (English)"},{"id":496555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":496557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3042/fs20253042_spanish.pdf","text":"Report (Español)","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3042 PDF (Spanish)"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Baja California Sur","otherGeospatial":"Los Planes watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.61060380724068,\n 24.369517436874077\n ],\n [\n -110.61060380724068,\n 22.79088429619047\n ],\n [\n -109.36626743882256,\n 22.79088429619047\n ],\n [\n -109.36626743882256,\n 24.369517436874077\n ],\n [\n -110.61060380724068,\n 24.369517436874077\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Rd.
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Chesapeake Bay Activities
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Massachusetts extends from the mountains of the Appalachian system in the west of the State to the sandy beaches and rocky shorelines of the Atlantic coast in the east. Inland topographic data support a wide range of important activities, including geologic mapping, transportation planning, forest and wildlife management, quantifying ecological services, water supply protection, commonwealth-wide infrastructure planning, local site planning, and flood-plain management. Nearshore bathymetry can be used to support coastal portions of the Commonwealth by addressing the combined threats of ocean warming, strong storm surge, and rising sea levels. The maintenance and (or) expansion of Massachusetts ports (for instance, Boston, New Bedford) and Cape Cod sediment management depends upon the accurate mapping of bathymetry and the frequent influx of sediment and redeposition. Critical applications that address the broad range of requirements depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Massachusetts. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Massachusetts is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $1.23 million in new benefits annually to Massachusetts. The top 10 Massachusetts business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 511
Reston, VA 20192
In response to growing interest in beaver-assisted restoration in the Tualatin River Basin of northwestern Oregon, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with Clean Water Services, collected data from 2016–17 and completed a series of studies to: (1) inventory known locations of beaver dams and activity in the Tualatin River Basin, (2) estimate the number of beaver dams in the Tualatin River Basin as of 2017 and the potential number of beaver dams that could be supported with riparian vegetation improvements, and (3) assess the effects of beaver dams and ponds on storm hydrology, hydraulics, and floodplain inundation, suspended-sediment transport and deposition, and water quality along two urban stream reaches (Fanno Creek at Greenway Park and Bronson Creek between Kaiser and Saltzman Roads). This fact sheet summarizes the results of these studies and implications for beaver-assisted restoration in the Tualatin River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253022","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., Smith, C.D., White, J.S., Rounds, S.A., Doyle, M.C., and Leahy, E.K., Beaver dams and their effects on urban streams in the Tualatin River Basin, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3022, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253022","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-138686","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496063,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3022/fs20253022.XML"},{"id":496061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":496062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3022/fs20253022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3022"},{"id":496206,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255039","text":"SIR 2025-5039","description":"SIR 2025-5039","linkHelpText":"- Beavers in the Tualatin River Basin, Northwestern Oregon"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Tualatin River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 45.375\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 45.375\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 45.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
601 SW 2nd Ave., Suite 1950
Portland, Oregon 97204
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 261 million barrels of oil and 4.5 trillion cubic feet of gas in Yemen.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Earthquakes and their cascading consequences pose a significant threat to the people, environment, infrastructure, and economy of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The Pacific Northwest is susceptible to three types of earthquakes: deep (intraslab) earthquakes, subduction zone (megathrust) earthquakes, and shallow crustal earthquakes. For each of these earthquake types, earth scientists can use a variety of methods to estimate the probability of occurrence for future events, which constrains seismic hazard and informs building codes. The timing of past earthquakes indicates that there is an 85-percent chance of a magnitude 6.5 or greater deep earthquake in the Puget Sound region; a 10-15-percent chance of an approximately magnitude 9 earthquake on the Cascadia Subduction Zone; and a 17-percent chance of a magnitude 6.5 or greater crustal fault earthquake in the Puget Sound region in the next 50 years. Individuals and communities can take simple steps to prepare for and reduce the impact of future earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253050","usgsCitation":"Wirth, E., Frankel, A., Sherrod, B., Grant, A., Dunham, A., Stone, I., and Grossman, J., 2025, Earthquake probabilities and hazards in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (ver. 1.1, September 30, 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3050, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253050.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-172377","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495644,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3050/fs20253050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3050"},{"id":495647,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253050/full"},{"id":496244,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3050/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":496024,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118878.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":495646,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3050/images/"},{"id":495645,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3050/fs20253050.XML"},{"id":495643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3050/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131.42807526130667,\n 49.386193359384805\n ],\n [\n -131.42807526130667,\n 36.38535423200561\n ],\n [\n -119.71998032318022,\n 36.38535423200561\n ],\n [\n -119.71998032318022,\n 49.386193359384805\n ],\n [\n -131.42807526130667,\n 49.386193359384805\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: September 19, 2025; Version 1.1: September 30, 2025","contact":"Earthquake Science Center, Seattle Field Office
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Earthquakes and their cascading consequences pose a significant threat to the people, environment, infrastructure, and economy of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The timing of previous earthquakes helps estimate the likelihood of future events.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253043","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Timm, K.K., 2025, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of India and Sri Lanka, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3043, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253043.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-169389","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495323,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253043/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3043"},{"id":495284,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3043/fs20253043.xml"},{"id":495283,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3043/images"},{"id":495163,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KMTXF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—India and Sri Lanka Provinces—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":495161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":495162,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3043/fs20253043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3043"}],"country":"India, Sri Lanka","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]],[[[81.78796,7.52306],[81.63732,6.48178],[81.21802,6.19714],[80.34836,5.96837],[79.87247,6.76346],[79.69517,8.20084],[80.1478,9.82408],[80.83882,9.26843],[81.30432,8.56421],[81.78796,7.52306]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046