Water-quality activities and water-level measurements conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office coincide with the USGS mission of evaluating the quantity and quality of the Nation’s water resources. The activities are conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Idaho Operations Office. Results of water-quality and hydraulic head research efforts are presented in various USGS and scientific journal publications (refer to Fisher, 2022). These data are stored internally in the Aquarius Time Series and Aquarius Samples databases and are publicly accessible through National Water Quality Monitoring Council (2025) and U.S. Geological Survey (2025). Data collected from our studies are used by researchers, Federal and State agencies, water management and regulatory organizations, as well as the public.
This quality assurance plan (QAP) describes the methods and processes for field methods, data collection, data management, data auditing, and equipment management for both the water-quality and water- level programs at the USGS INL Project Office (hereto referred to as INL Project Office). A comprehensive quality assurance (QA) plan ensures that the processes defined in this document will guide the program staff to collect and publish reliable, useful, and defensible data products for stakeholders. This QAP supersedes previous versions of this document and is intended to complement the Quality Assurance and Data Management (QADM) Plan for the Idaho Water Science Center (IDWSC; Christopher Mebane and Lauren Zinsser, written commun., 2024).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Treinen, K.C., Trcka, A.R., Zingre, J.A., and Wehnke, A.J., 2026, Field methods, quality- assurance, and data management plan for water- quality activities and water- level measurements, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 2026–1008, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261008.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-172087","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505579,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261008/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1008"},{"id":505310,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1008/ofr20261008.xml"},{"id":505309,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1008/images"},{"id":505301,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1008/ofr20261008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1008"},{"id":505300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1008/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Rd.
Boise, ID 83702-4520
As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) mission to distribute global mineral information and analyze supply chains, this study provides a comprehensive review of the global significance of China’s mineral production and capacity in 2023. Of 77 mineral commodities in the USGS dataset, China produced 74 and was the world’s first- ranked producer for 39 of the 74. Compared to the high share of global mineral production, including up to 98 percent of global gallium production, the country’s share of global mineral reserves was relatively small, ranging from 20 percent (zinc ore) to 52 percent (tungsten ore). China’s imports of metal ores, slag, and ash accounted for 64 percent of global imports of such commodities by value. The country’s exports of base metals and articles of base metal accounted for 17 percent of the global exports. To help nongeographic information system users assess the spatial distribution of mineral mines, processing facilities, and ports for trades in China, this study created a geospatial (also called “georeferenced”) portable document format (GeoPDF) map. In addition, the GeoPDF contains mineral resource tracts (such as antimony, copper, potash, coal, and oil and gas), exploration sites, and energy infrastructure based on the preexisting USGS data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261018","programNote":"Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Chung, J., Neustaedter, E.R., Moon, J.W., Xun, S., and Textoris, S.D., 2026, Production of mineral commodities and geospatial map of the mineral industries and related infrastructure of China: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1018, 1 map sheet, scale 1:17,500,000, 19-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261018.","productDescription":"Report: v, 19 p.; 1 Sheet: 18 x 12 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-169279","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504758,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image 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National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"This study compared the efficacy of a benthic mat alone with carbon dioxide infusion under a mat for killing Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) (zebra mussel). Three sites were selected in Loon Lake, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Benzie County, Michigan, for replication of reference, benthic mat, and carbon dioxide mat treatments. Within a site, three 4-meter (m) x 4-m plots were delineated for each treatment and a reference. Pretreatment samples were collected to estimate zebra mussel density and macroinvertebrate community composition in reference plots. Zebra mussels (about 360) from outside of the treatment plots were caged and placed in the plots before treatment. Benthic mats (4.25 m x 4.25 m; polyethylene with a vinyl coating) were anchored on the lake bottom with sandbags and weights. Carbon dioxide was infused under a mat of the same material to a maximum of 200 milligrams per liter (mg/L; pH=6.13) every 2–4 hours, for about 12 hours. Benthic and carbon dioxide mats were deployed for 5 days. One day after mat removal, we assessed mortality of resident and sentinel caged zebra mussels and macroinvertebrate community abundance and diversity in each plot. Average pH (as a proxy for carbon dioxide) under the carbon dioxide mats was between 6.38 and 6.80, equivalent to 170.5 and 103.0 mg/L carbon dioxide, respectively. In the posttreatment survey, few zebra mussels were observed in the benthic mat and carbon dioxide treatment plots compared to the reference plots; survival was lowest in the carbon dioxide plots. Mortality of sentinel caged mussels was greater than 80 percent in carbon dioxide treatments compared to mean mortalities of 20.6 percent and 12.7 percent in the benthic mat and reference plots, respectively. Macroinvertebrate community total abundance was lower in both mat treatments compared to reference plots, but diversity was comparable among all treatments. Our study demonstrated that carbon dioxide treatment near 200 mg/L could produce greater than 80-percent mortality of zebra mussels within 5 days. Refinement of the carbon dioxide mat and delivery system could increase spatial coverage of the treatment and broaden its use to other habitats.
","largerWorkTitle":"USGS Open-File Report","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Invasive Mussel Collaborative","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Erickson, R.A., Wise, J.K., Meulemans, M.J., Morris, B.E.C., Severson, T.J., and Barbour, M.T., 2026, Open water control of invasive mussels using benthic mats—Part 1, short-term infusion of carbon dioxide under a mat: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1019, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261019.","productDescription":"Report: viii; 22 p.; Data Release; Software Release","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-178968","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504978,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1019/ofr20261019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1019"},{"id":504976,"rank":5,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13JUBYH","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Analysis of open water control of invasive mussels using benthic mats. Part 1—Short-term infusion of carbon dioxide under a mat"},{"id":504971,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1019/images"},{"id":505124,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13NC3TU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of benthic barrier layers/tarps for open water control of invasive mussels in 2024 in Loon Lake, Benzie Co., Michigan, USA"},{"id":504969,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1019/ofr20261019.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1019 XML"},{"id":504966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504968,"rank":2,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261019/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1019 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Benzie County","otherGeospatial":"Loon Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.1304036738387,\n 44.70904195515499\n ],\n [\n -86.12565959497928,\n 44.70904195515499\n ],\n [\n -86.12565959497928,\n 44.70471858100336\n ],\n [\n -86.1304036738387,\n 44.70471858100336\n ],\n [\n -86.1304036738387,\n 44.70904195515499\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603
The U.S. Geological Survey monitors a suite of intertidal black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) sites at San Nicolas Island, California, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, which owns the island. The nine rocky intertidal sites were established in 1980 to study the potential effect of translocated sea otters on the intertidal black abalone population at the island. The sites were monitored from 1981 to 1997, typically annually or biennially. Monitoring resumed in 2001 and has been completed annually thereafter. Since 2018, the work has been carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. The study sites became particularly important, from a management perspective, after a virulent disease decimated black abalone populations throughout southern California beginning in the mid-1980s. The disease, withering syndrome (Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis), was first observed on San Nicolas Island in 1992 and over the next few years, withering syndrome reduced the black abalone population on San Nicolas Island by more than 99 percent. In 2009, the black abalone subsequently was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
The subject of this report is the 2023 survey of the sites and the status of the measured population in comparison to long-term patterns (based on data collected since 1981) at San Nicolas Island. Between the years 2000 and 2023, the total monitored black abalone population at the island has grown from roughly 200 to more than 2,500 abalone following disease-related decline. Since it was first consistently measured in 2005, the average distance between adjacent black abalone has decreased substantially from approximately 50 centimeters to less than 15 centimeters, indicating that abalone are sufficiently close together at several of the sites to reproduce successfully. The total abalone count in 2023 was 2,570, which was 19.2 percent higher than in 2022 and the highest count since 1993. All nine sites had higher counts in 2023 than in the previous year. Over 25 percent of the black abalone counted in 2023 were classified as recruits, defined as having a shell length of 3 centimeters or less.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Kenner, M.C., and Yee, J.L., 2026, Black abalone surveys at Naval Base Ventura County, San Nicolas Island, California—2023 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 2026–1015, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261015.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-166956","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504926,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1015/ofr20261015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1015 PDF"},{"id":504929,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1015/images"},{"id":504928,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1015/ofr20261015.XML","description":"OFR 2026-1015 XML"},{"id":504927,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261015/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1015 HTML"},{"id":504925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1015/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Naval Base Ventura County, San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.58614016989262,\n 33.29639489260616\n ],\n [\n -119.41438488619465,\n 33.29639489260616\n ],\n [\n -119.41438488619465,\n 33.201948055912865\n ],\n [\n -119.58614016989262,\n 33.201948055912865\n ],\n [\n -119.58614016989262,\n 33.29639489260616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The 2023 monitoring of black abalone at San Nicolas Island shows strong signs of population recovery following the severe declines caused by withering syndrome in the 1990s. The island-wide summed count from the study sites reached 2,570 individuals—the highest since 1993—and increased nearly 20 percent from 2022, with higher numbers recorded at all nine study sites. Recruitment was particularly strong, with over a quarter of individuals classified as young abalone, and densities and spacing between individuals indicate increasing likelihood of successful reproduction. Although one historically important transect at Site 8 continues to show reduced numbers of larger adults despite high recruitment, the overall population trend across the island remains positive. Continued monitoring is important to track long-term recovery, habitat conditions, and potential risks.
","publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenner, Michael C. 0000-0003-4659-461X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-461X","contributorId":208151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70276268,"text":"ofr20261017 - 2026 - Range-wide relative abundance of the Appalachian grizzled skipper (Pyrgus centaureae wyandot) in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-29T13:09:53.489973","indexId":"ofr20261017","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-28T10:15:05","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1017","displayTitle":"Range-Wide Relative Abundance of the Appalachian Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus centaureae wyandot) in the Eastern United States","title":"Range-wide relative abundance of the Appalachian grizzled skipper (Pyrgus centaureae wyandot) in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has designated the Pyrgus centaureae wyandot (Appalachian Grizzled Skipper [AGS]) to be at-risk, based on its declining populations and the lack of information on its status. The objective of this study was to complete range-wide surveys to locate extant AGS colonies and to quantify the number of AGS observed at each location. From 2021–24, 284 surveys were done in 25 unique (that is, distinct) counties in 8 States in the Eastern United States — Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. We found AGS in only two counties: Alleghany County, Virginia, and Greenbrier County, West Virginia. AGS were observed 180 times in these two counties. Our results can inform U.S. Fish and Wildlife decisions about where and how future AGS conservation efforts can be implemented.
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12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
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The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9 for quarter 4 (October–December) of 2025. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
One specific activity that the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team closely monitored was a Landsat 9 safehold anomaly. On October 17, 2025, Landsat 9 experienced a Solar Array Drive Assembly potentiometer fault. The onboard fault response put both the Operational Land Imager sensor and the Thermal Infrared Sensor into safe mode. Additionally, the Thermal Infrared Sensor focal plane assembly was turned off, but the cryocooler remained on. On October 20, 2025, the Solar Array Drive Assembly recovery commanding was successfully performed to put the spacecraft into nadir viewing mode. The following day, Operational Land Imager activation and recovery started, including focal plane assembly warmup. After reaching nominal operational temperatures and achieving thermal stability, science imaging resumed on October 23, 2025. Additional information about the Landsat 9 safehold anomaly is here: https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-9-returns-normal-operations-following-brief-safehold.
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The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation Center of Excellence Team assesses and calibrates Landsat remote-sensing data to ensure that high-quality data products are publicly available. These data products are used to make informed decisions about natural resources and the environment. This report is part of a series of quarterly reports intended to provide updated observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Angal, Amit","contributorId":360771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Angal","given":"Amit","affiliations":[{"id":78842,"text":"SSAI, under contract to NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Levy, Raviv","contributorId":131008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Raviv","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7209,"text":"SSAI / NASA / GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Miller, Jeff","contributorId":204570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Teixeira Pinto, Cibele","contributorId":357558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teixeira Pinto","given":"Cibele","affiliations":[{"id":78842,"text":"SSAI, under contract to NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70275746,"text":"ofr20211030W - 2026 - System characterization report on Tanager","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70275746,"text":"ofr20211030W - 2026 - System characterization report on Tanager","indexId":"ofr20211030W","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"chapter":"W","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on Tanager","title":"System characterization report on Tanager"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-10T13:03:45.632082","indexId":"ofr20211030W","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-18T11:04:45","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1030","chapter":"W","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on Tanager","title":"System characterization report on Tanager","docAbstract":"This report addresses the system characterization of the Tanager satellite hyperspectral sensor created by Planet Labs PBC. and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the Tanager hyperspectral sensor; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
This report summarizes the sensor performance of the Tanager based on the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization process. In summary, we determined that the Tanager exhibits a band-to-band geometric error ranging from -0.074 to 0.097 pixels. Compared to the Landsat Operational Land Imager, geometric offsets ranged from -5.980 meters (-0.20 pixels) to 11.348 meters (0.40 pixels). Radiometric comparisons showed offsets between -0.004 and 0.056 with slopes from 0.830 to 1.066. Spectral shifts are found between 0.65 and 0.75 nanometers. Finally, spatial performance evaluation yielded a PSF full width at half maximum of 1.27 to 1.75 pixels, a relative edge response of 0.802 to 0.651, and a modulation transfer function at Nyquist of 0.488 to 0.253.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030W","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Park, S., Anderson, C., Clauson, J., Vrabel, J., and Sampath, A., 2026, System characterization report on Tanager, chap. W of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., ed., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030W.","productDescription":"Report: vi; 45 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-185810","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504452,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://www.planet.com/constellations/tanager/","text":"Planet Labs PBC dataset","linkHelpText":"- Tanager—Cutting-edge hyperspectral from orbit"},{"id":504451,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/images"},{"id":504449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211030W/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030W HTML"},{"id":504444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504450,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/ofr20211030W.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030W XML"},{"id":504446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/ofr20211030W.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030W PDF"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The purpose of this report is to provide the Marine Corps with an annual summary of the distribution, abundance, and breeding activity of the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) and to present results of management actions implemented to attract flycatchers and enhance flycatcher habitat at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP, or Base). Surveys for the flycatcher were done on Base between May 6 and July 23, 2025. All MCBCP’s historically occupied riparian habitat (core survey area) was surveyed for flycatchers in 2025. None of the non-core survey areas were surveyed in 2025.
No resident flycatchers were detected on Base in 2025. The one resident (female) present in 2024 did not return to the territory she occupied in 2024, and she was not detected within the historically occupied habitat surveyed in 2025.
Eight transient Willow Flycatchers of unknown subspecies were observed on two of the five drainages surveyed in 2025: Las Flores Creek and the Santa Margarita River. No Willow Flycatchers were detected at Fallbrook, Pilgrim, or San Mateo Creeks. Transients in 2025 occurred in mixed willow and riparian scrub habitats, dominated by multiple willow species (Salix spp.). Exotic vegetation was recorded in most flycatcher locations and was dominant (cover of exotics greater than 50 percent) in more than half of all transient locations. The most common exotic plant in habitat used by flycatchers was poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). All six of the flycatchers that were observed closely enough to determine banding status were unbanded.
Two measures were initiated in recent years to attract and retain resident breeding flycatchers on MCBCP: conspecific attraction using flycatcher song broadcasts and installation of artificial seeps to enhance flycatcher habitat. We surveyed plots with and without speakers that broadcast flycatcher vocalizations throughout the breeding season and detected two transient Willow Flycatchers within 20 meters of one speaker in 2025. We set up permanent vegetation sampling points surrounding artificial seeps and nearby sites without artificial seeps (Reference sites) to determine the effects of surface-water enhancement by seep pumps. Vegetation cover was highest near the ground and decreased with increasing height. Woody vegetation made up most of the cover at all height categories. Soil saturation in 2025 was higher at the sites near seeps than at the Reference sites and was associated with higher native herbaceous cover and lower non-native cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2026, Distribution, abundance, breeding activities, and restoration efforts\nfor the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2025 Annual Report:\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1016, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261016.","productDescription":"vii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-184792","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504338,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/ofr20261016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1016 PDF"},{"id":504339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261016/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1016 HTML"},{"id":504341,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/images"},{"id":504340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/ofr20261016.XML","description":"OFR 2026-1016 XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Baase Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.6,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 33.2\n ],\n [\n -117.6,\n 33.2\n ],\n [\n -117.6,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, deepened the St. Johns River channel in Jacksonville, Florida, to accommodate larger, fully loaded cargo vessels. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, monitored stage, discharge, and (or) water temperature and salinity at 26 continuous data collection sites in the St. Johns River and its tributaries.
This report contains information collected during the 2023 water year, from October 2022 to September 2023. Data at each site were compared for the length of the project, 8 years so far, and on a yearly basis to show the annual variability of discharge and salinity.
The countywide annual rainfall for the 2023 water year was below the average yearly rainfall in four of the five counties. Annual mean discharge at 9 of the 10 tributary monitoring sites was lower for the 2023 water year than for the 2022 water year, and the annual mean flow at Broward River below Biscayne Boulevard near Jacksonville, Florida (USGS site number 02246751), was the lowest recorded at that site for the 8 years of data collection. The annual mean discharge for each of the main-stem sites was higher for the 2023 water year than for the 2022 water year and was above the average for the 8 years of data collected so far.
Among the tributary sites, annual mean salinity was highest at Clapboard Creek above Buckhorn Bluff near Jacksonville, Fla. (USGS site number 302657081312400), the site closest to the Atlantic Ocean, and was lowest at Durbin Creek near Fruit Cove, Fla. (USGS site number 022462002), the site farthest from the ocean, for all years. Annual mean salinity data from the main-stem sites indicate that salinity decreased with distance upstream from the ocean, which was expected. Annual mean salinity for the 2023 water year was higher than or equal to that of the 2022 water year for all main-stem and tributary sites, except at St. Johns River at Dancy Point near Spuds, Fla. (USGS site number 294213081345300), which was lower. Three main-stem monitoring stations (USGS site numbers 295856081372301, 02245340, and 301057081414800) and six tributary monitoring stations (USGS site numbers 300803081354500, 022462002, 301204081434900, 02246459, 02246518, and 02246804) either had the highest annual mean salinities or tied with the highest annual mean salinities at their respective sites since data collection began.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261012","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Carson, J.N., and Benacquisto, M.T., 2026, Continuous stream discharge, salinity, and associated data collected in the lower St. Johns River and its tributaries, Florida, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1012, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261012.","productDescription":"Report: x, 52 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177133","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504336,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":504334,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/ofr20261012.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1012 XML"},{"id":504333,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/ofr20261012.pdf","size":"3.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1012"},{"id":504332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/images"},{"id":504331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504434,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119415.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":504335,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261012/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1012 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lower St. Johns River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"The giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is a semi aquatic snake endemic to the Central Valley of California. After losing 95 percent of its historic wetland habitat (Frayer and others, 1989), giant gartersnakes became state and federally listed as a threatened species (California Fish and Game Commission, 1971; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1993, 1999). Continued monitoring of current populations and implementation of suggested management actions is necessary to recover the species. The Natomas basin in Sacramento, California, supports a population of giant gartersnakes persisting in restored marshes and rice agriculture. This annual report summarizes the giant gartersnake monitoring project for 2024, focusing on the apparent survival, abundance, density, and distribution of the giant gartersnakes and the connectivity of habitat throughout the Natomas basin. In 2024, 131 giant gartersnakes were captured 216 times at 44 sites by hand or trap. The catch-per-unit effort decreased from 2023 to 2024 but was similar to other years of the study. Estimates of occupancy increased between 2023 and 2024, although the trend of occupancy from 2011 through 2024 is still decreasing overall at a mean annual rate of 3 percent per year. Apparent survival was much higher at Betts-Kismat-Silva from 2018 to 2019 and from 2021 to 2022 than in other years, but this may be partly attributed to different sampling efforts over the years. Trapping effort was more consistent in the Sills tract, and apparent survival was slightly higher in later years (2022–23 and 2023–24). Giant gartersnake populations appeared to remain stable in 2024, but abundance, density, survival, and distribution is highly variable across different sites and years of the study. Continued monitoring of the populations would allow for better trend estimates over time and assessment of the effects of management activities. Giant gartersnake populations throughout the basin and on reserve lands would likely benefit from the following: (1) creating more managed marsh; (2) increasing the amount of emergent tule vegetation in existing marshes (for example, Cummings, Natomas Farms, and Lucich South); (3) continuing to flood existing marshes in early spring; (4) maintaining rice agriculture; and (5) continuing research into conservation actions that target the giant gartersnake, such as habitat and water management and translocation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Natomas Basin Conservancy","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Nguyen, A.M., Rose, J.P., Jordan, A.C., Napolitano, G.R., Macias, D., Schoenig, E.J., Reyes, G.A., and Halstead, B.J., 2026, Natomas basin giant gartersnake annual monitoring report 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1009, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261009.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-181032","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1009/ofr20261009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1009 PDF"},{"id":504023,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1009/ofr20261009.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1009 XML"},{"id":504020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1009/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":504022,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261009/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1009 HTML"},{"id":504024,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1009/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Natomas Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.633,\n 38.833\n ],\n [\n -121.433333,\n 38.833\n ],\n [\n -121.433333,\n 38.681881516888694\n ],\n [\n -121.633,\n 38.681881516888694\n ],\n [\n -121.633,\n 38.833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
New bedrock and surficial geologic mapping in the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, investigates the geologic framework and causative mechanisms of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina. The mapping documents (1) the coseismic surface rupture from the 2020 earthquake and related brittle structures in the bedrock; (2) the fault contact between the western Blue Ridge and eastern Blue Ridge; (3) lithostratigraphy in the Lynchburg Group, Ashe Metamorphic Suite, and Alligator Back Metamorphic Suite; (4) the nature of the contact between the Lynchburg Group, Ashe Metamorphic Suite, and Alligator Back Metamorphic Suite; and (5) surficial deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University","usgsCitation":"Merschat, A.J., Carter, M.W., Lynn, A.S., Weinmann, B.R., Odom, W.E., McAleer, R.J., Mahan, S.A., Stewart, K.G., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Crider, E.A., Jr., 2026, Preliminary geologic map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the epicentral area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1010, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261010.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-158347","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503989,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119391.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502870,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DCJMR0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database for the preliminary geologic map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the epicentral area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina"},{"id":502869,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XJCPS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Luminescence and radiocarbon data for—Geologic map of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles, North Carolina and Virginia, and the epicentral area of the August 9, 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake in Sparta, NC"},{"id":502867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1010/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":502868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1010/ofr20261010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"42.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1010 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.25,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 36.4689\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 36.4689\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 36.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 926A
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey and cooperators mapped the bedrock and surficial geology of the Sparta East, Sparta West, and parts of the Glade Valley and Whitehead 7.5-minute quadrangles in North Carolina and Virginia to provide a detailed geologic framework of the August 9, 2020, magnitude 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina. The earthquake produced the first documented faulting that ruptured the surface in the eastern United States. The area is underlain by Precambrian (>541 million years old) igneous and metamorphic rocks in the north and strongly layered metamorphic rocks in the south, separated by a large Paleozoic fault zone (approximately 340 million years old). The regional geologic structural trends (the orientation of faults and rock formations) are aligned northeast to southwest. The surface rupture (Little River fault) from the 2020 earthquake, is mapped for 4 kilometers (~2.5 miles) and cuts across the older geologic structures in the bedrock. Evidence of prior faulting is documented in the Bledsoe Creek valley, where terrace gravels indicate that fault movement occurred before 460,000 years ago.
","publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merschat, Arthur J. 0000-0002-9314-4067","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-4067","contributorId":369967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merschat","given":"Arthur","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":369968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynn, Ashley S.","contributorId":369969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynn","given":"Ashley","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":87892,"text":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; East Carolina University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weinmann, Benjamin R. 0000-0002-8685-7093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-7093","contributorId":298592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinmann","given":"Benjamin R.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odom, William E. 0000-0001-8577-5056","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-5056","contributorId":292616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odom","given":"William","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, Kevin G.","contributorId":369970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Kevin","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27051,"text":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crider,, E. Allen Jr. 0000-0003-2393-5290 ecrider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-5290","contributorId":203507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crider,","given":"E. Allen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ecrider@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70275077,"text":"ofr20261004 - 2026 - Development of a two-stage lifecycle model to inform the trap-and-haul program for Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) in the Lewis River, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70275112,"text":"70275112 - 2025 - Development of a two-stage life cycle model to inform the Trap and Haul Program for Coho salmon in the Lewis River, Washington","indexId":"70275112","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"Development of a two-stage life cycle model to inform the Trap and Haul Program for Coho salmon in the Lewis River, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70275077,"text":"ofr20261004 - 2026 - Development of a two-stage lifecycle model to inform the trap-and-haul program for Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) in the Lewis River, Washington","indexId":"ofr20261004","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"Development of a two-stage lifecycle model to inform the trap-and-haul program for Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) in the Lewis River, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T13:56:24.60608","indexId":"ofr20261004","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1004","displayTitle":"Development of a Two-Stage Lifecycle Model to Inform the Trap-and-Haul Program for Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho Salmon) in the Lewis River, Washington","title":"Development of a two-stage lifecycle model to inform the trap-and-haul program for Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) in the Lewis River, Washington","docAbstract":"Restoration of salmon populations in the upper Lewis River Basin, Washington, depends on a trap-and-haul program owing to the Lewis River Hydroelectric Project (hereinafter referred to as “Project”) operated by PacifiCorp and Cowlitz Public Utilities District (hereinafter referred to as “Utilities”), which has been a barrier to salmon passage since the 1930s. Thus, sustaining the Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792; coho salmon) population upstream from the Project currently depends on two fundamental factors: (1) the collection of upstream migrating adult coho salmon at Merwin Dam, the lowermost dam within the Project, and transporting them by truck to spawn above Swift Dam, the uppermost dam within the Project; and (2) the collection of out-migrating juvenile coho salmon at the downstream collection facility at Swift Dam for transport and release below the Project. The reintroduction program began once the downstream collection facility at Swift Dam was commissioned in late 2012, with the first year of transport data being collected in 2013. Over the past decade, the Utilities have been collecting data on juvenile outmigrants and adult fish returns at the dams. The need to construct a lifecycle model for Lewis River anadromous fish was identified by the Lewis River Aquatic Technical Subgroup, with the understanding that many years (more than 15 years) of data collection are needed to adequately measure the lifecycle production of salmon. The U.S. Geological Survey was contracted to develop and apply the model to past data at the Lewis River dams to help inform future data collection and provide a framework that can be updated annually to measure trap-and-haul program performance within a lifecycle context.
Because coho salmon can live as long as 5 years, estimating demographic parameters for coho salmon populations over their lifecycle requires at least 10 or more years of data collection. Over the past decade, PacifiCorp has been collecting data on fish collection efficiency and the numbers of adult and juvenile salmon transported around the Lewis River dams, making this an ideal time to formulate a lifecycle model that can guide future data collection efforts and provide preliminary information to resource managers. The goal of the statistical lifecycle model is to estimate annual production and survival during two critical life-stage transitions: (1) the freshwater production from escapement of adults released upstream from Swift Dam, and the collection of downstream migrating juveniles at the downstream passage facility at Swift Dam; and (2) the smolt-to-adult survival from the time of collection at Swift Dam to their return as adults. We used the Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment model to estimate juvenile production from the number of spawners (Beverton and Holt, 1957). This approach allowed us to test for density dependence at current spawner abundances while estimating annual productivity, defined as the number of juveniles produced per spawner at low spawner abundance. Productivity was then expressed as a function of the number of juveniles collected and transported downstream from the Project. Because juvenile fish collection efficiency (FCE) directly affects the number of juveniles that survive to continue downstream migration, FCE is a primary determinant of fish production. Consequently, the modeling framework is well suited to evaluate the performance of trap-and-haul programs within a lifecycle context.
The objectives of this study were to (1) gather and collate available data on adult and juvenile coho salmon at Merwin and Swift Dams; (2) quantify adult escapement, juvenile abundance, and the age at outmigration and adult return; (3) describe, formulate and fit the integrated population model to the data; and (4) summarize our findings, identify data gaps, and identify opportunities for future studies that could improve model estimation and inference. Our key findings were: (1) over and above the number of spawning females, FCE was the primary factor affecting productivity of coho salmon above Swift Dam; (2) smolt-to-adult return (SAR) rates were relatively high considering that harvest was included in the estimate, averaging about 4.5 percent and ranging as high as 12.9 percent; and (3) juvenile capacity upstream from Swift Dam was difficult to estimate due to the limited range in spawning females over the time series of data, suggesting the model may be improved by collecting data at higher spawner abundances. In addition, by including FCE in the model, we estimated that the median pre-collection productivity, defined as the number of juveniles produced per spawner when FCE=1, was 64 juveniles per spawner. Because the two-stage lifecycle model partitions factors that affect fish production in rivers versus the ocean, the model estimates may help inform fishery managers about the overall role that fish collection at Swift Dam plays in the recovery and sustainability of Lewis River coho salmon. By providing the model with (1) more years of data, (2) higher numbers of spawning females, and (3) data on age at juvenile migration in relation to age at adult return, greater certainty in the estimates of capacity and SAR can be attained. Ultimately, information provided by the model may assist in the evaluation and continued improvement of the current trap-and-haul program to support anadromous fishes in the Lewis River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with PacifiCorp","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., and Perry, R.W., 2026, Development of a two-stage lifecycle model to inform the trap-and-haul program for Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) in the Lewis River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1004, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261004. [Supersedes preprint https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.30.651546.]","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-170103","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502781,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/ofr20261004.pdf","size":"5.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1004 PDF"},{"id":502782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261004/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1004 HTML"},{"id":502783,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/ofr20261004.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1004 XML"},{"id":502784,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1004/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lewis River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.99926718616892,\n 46.128547340095906\n ],\n [\n -122.8039992422735,\n 46.12907889994935\n ],\n [\n -122.80484882535518,\n 45.8612743686528\n ],\n [\n -122.00013863515652,\n 45.86266272702096\n ],\n [\n -121.99926718616892,\n 46.128547340095906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5501-A Cook Underwood Road
Cook, Washington 98605-9717
The New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax; NWS) is a parasitic blowfly that lays its eggs in open wounds of live, warm-blooded animals including livestock, wildlife, and potentially humans. The larvae consume living animal tissue, and if untreated, the infestation can lead to death. Although NWS was eradicated in the United States in 1966, it has been moving northward from its endemic range in South America during the past decade and could seriously threaten the health of U.S. wildlife populations, making detection, treatment, and surveillance of the disease far more difficult across this multi-sector disease system.
As the likelihood of NWS reintroduction to the United States increases, veterinarians, wildlife managers, and conservation specialists need to be informed and prepared to respond. The existing knowledge about NWS interactions with wildlife hosts is lacking, especially regarding North American species where the NWS has been eradicated for more than 50 years. To address this knowledge gap, we compiled an annotated bibliography that consolidates key information from the existing literature on NWS infestation in wild animals.
Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Computation of detailed groundwater flow budgets for subdivisions of the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system has enabled quantification and more thorough understanding of groundwater flow within this important water resource. A zone budget analysis based on previously published groundwater models of the Virginia Coastal Plain and Virginia Eastern Shore indicates that groundwater conditions vary substantially throughout the Coastal Plain aquifer system because of local variations in hydrogeology and historical and ongoing variations in groundwater use and management. Decades of substantial groundwater withdrawal from the Coastal Plain aquifer system have altered groundwater flow from predevelopment conditions. Rates of sustainable withdrawal are limited because the downward groundwater flow rate into confined aquifers is a relatively small part of the total groundwater budget for the aquifer system compared to the rate of recharge at the land surface.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Coastal Plain model indicate that groundwater flow is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to rivers and coastal waterbodies and downward through a series of underlying aquifers and confining units to the Potomac aquifer, which is the deepest aquifer and the source of most groundwater withdrawals. Downward flow into the Potomac aquifer is estimated to be only 7 percent of total net precipitation-derived net recharge at the land surface but makes up about 66 percent of inflow to the aquifer in Virginia, with much of the remaining inflow occurring laterally from outside of defined groundwater budget regions in Virginia. For several decades prior to 2010, high rates of withdrawal from the Potomac aquifer resulted in substantial decline in groundwater storage in the aquifer and in most overlying aquifers and confining units. From 2010 to 2023, rates of withdrawal substantially lower than the historical maximum resulted in small net increases in groundwater storage in the confined aquifer system for most regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Nevertheless, for the same period, groundwater storage for the entire model domain continues to incrementally decline, indicating that storage recovery in Virginia is offset by a continued decrease in storage in areas beneath the Chesapeake Bay or adjacent areas of Maryland and North Carolina. Withdrawals from the Potomac aquifer have induced substantial downward flow which is a large part of groundwater budgets for confined aquifers such as the Potomac. For the most recent simulated conditions (2023) downward groundwater flow continues, but because vertical flow rates are a function of the difference between water pressure in the upper surficial systems and lower confined units, rates of downward flow are lower than those in earlier decades as the confined water levels partially recover from larger groundwater withdrawals in the past. Geographically, groundwater flow is generally inward from perimeter regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain toward central regions with the largest withdrawal rates. Groundwater inflow from coastal regions could be contributing to saltwater intrusion, even though that was not measured in this study.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Eastern Shore peninsula, a geographic region of the Virginia Coastal Plain, indicate that groundwater flow for that isolated aquifer system is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to coastal water bodies and downward into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system, which is the source of most withdrawals. Downward groundwater flow into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system is estimated to be less than 2 percent of total recharge and less than 9 percent of net recharge at the water table but makes up more than 93 percent of all inflow to the confined aquifer system. Decades of substantial but relatively consistent groundwater withdrawals have induced greater downward flow rates into the confined aquifer system but also have resulted in loss of groundwater from storage. For the most recent simulated period (2023), estimated storage loss accounts for slightly under 7 percent of withdrawals from the confined aquifer system. The reported withdrawal rate for this period from the confined Yorktown-Eastover system is near the highest reported rate for the Virginia Eastern Shore, which means that the storage depletion is expected to continue, even though groundwater levels appear to be relatively stable. Estimated groundwater flow rates upward from the confining unit underlying the Yorktown-Eastover system and low rates of inflow from coastal water bodies underscore ongoing concerns about up-coning and lateral intrusion of salty groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Pope, J.P., Gordon, A.D., and Frederiks, R.S., 2026, Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1002, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261002. [Supersedes USGS Preprint https://doi.org/10.31223/X5HB5D.]","productDescription":"Report: viii, 48 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-185679","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503256,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502777,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GJEYW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Input and output files from the Zonebudget program used with MODFLOW models to compute regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system"},{"id":502776,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/images/"},{"id":502775,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/ofr20261002.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 XML"},{"id":502772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/ofr20261002.pdf","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 PDF"},{"id":502774,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261002/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Virginia Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.55435844550527\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 36.55435844550527\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, Virginia 23228
Coral bleaching events have become increasingly common across the Hawaiian Archipelago since 1996 because of more frequent and intense marine heatwaves. The most significant bleaching event to date occurred from 2014 to 2015, which resulted in catastrophic state-wide coral loss. Bleaching events with less severe effects also occurred in 1996 and 2019. To understand the long-term effects of repeated bleaching events, along with other anthropogenic factors such as water quality, storms, sewage runoff, and coastal development, on coral reefs on the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the National Park Service, collected underwater imagery in the early 2000s (baseline survey) and again in 2022 (resurvey). These images were captured within and adjacent to the National Historic Parks (NHP) and National Historic Sites (NHS) of Kaloko-Honokōhau NHP (KAHO), Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP (PUHO), and Puʻukohola Heiau NHS (PUHE). Imagery was classified for live coral cover and dominant type (four coral types, rubble, macroalgae, and two bottom substrate types). Change of percent live coral cover was determined for all sites. Change of coral and non-coral dominant types were calculated by aggregating classifications for each park into coral and non-coral. Net coral cover decreased between the baseline and resurvey period across all three parks, though PUHE exhibited the greatest loss of live coral cover. Across all three parks, the occurrence of lower coral cover classes (0–20 percent) increased and higher coral cover classes (greater than 50 percent) decreased. Furthermore, the total occurrence of non-coral dominant type classifications (rubble, macroalgae, sand, and volcanic pavement) increased by approximately 25 percent across all three parks, with PUHE experiencing a nearly 90-percent increase in the occurrence of non-coral types. There was little to no effect of water depth on change of live coral cover, indicating that marine heatwave driven bleaching events and additional anthropogenic influences affected the entire reef across all water depths from the lower fore reef to the reef flat.
Because coral loss was more severe at PUHE and PUHO than KAHO, creating a monitoring framework that utilizes periodic underwater camera surveys and fixed diver transects by the National Park Service would contextualize the periodic spatial surveys to the fixed transects that have greater temporal resolution. Similarly, increased frequency of spatial surveys would allow for the National Park Service to continue monitoring changes to critical nearshore habitats and marine resources relevant to National Park jurisdiction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","programNote":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","usgsCitation":"McPherson, M.L., Logan, J.B., Alkins, K.A., Groff, S., Hatcher, G.A., Gibbs, A.E., Cochran, S.A., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2026, Evaluation of benthic habitat change within the national historic sites of Hawaiʻi’s Kona Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1061, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261061.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 28 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-178080","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503252,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119366.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502799,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZPWNS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Underwater imagery and classifications of the substrate and coral reef habitat on the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, from 2003, 2004, and 2022"},{"id":502798,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/images"},{"id":502795,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/ofr20261061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1061 PDF"},{"id":502794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502796,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261061/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1061 HTML"},{"id":502797,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1061/ofr20261061.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1061 XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kona Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.77407070286742,\n 20.114961049183847\n ],\n [\n -156.2156728366818,\n 20.114961049183847\n ],\n [\n -156.2156728366818,\n 19.280147118202123\n ],\n [\n -155.77407070286742,\n 19.280147118202123\n ],\n [\n -155.77407070286742,\n 20.114961049183847\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
In anticipation for increased funding made possible by the Water Resources Development Act of 2020, the Upper Mississippi River Restoration (UMRR) Program identified a need to conduct river-wide assessments of floodplain vegetation. In January 2025, we assembled a group of subject matter experts to perform the following tasks:
This document is a summarization of what occurred at the meeting and provides suggested next steps toward developing the capacity to conduct routine long-term monitoring and assessment of floodplain vegetation as part of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program and the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center","usgsCitation":"Weiss, S.A., Trumper, M.L., De Jager, N.R., Guyon, L.J., and Van Appledorn, M., 2026, Proceedings of the Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring Workshop for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Element of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, January 7–8, 2025, Moline, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1001, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261001.","productDescription":"viii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-179749","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502679,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261001/full"},{"id":502678,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/images/"},{"id":502675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/ofr20261001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1001"},{"id":502677,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1001/ofr20261001.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.84995652179344,\n 47.38059349406069\n ],\n [\n -94.51879131555569,\n 45.1779196807436\n ],\n [\n -91.67435276851998,\n 43.23290915291983\n ],\n [\n -91.65945041845046,\n 38.647765678088035\n ],\n [\n -89.78655455017767,\n 38.796516838946786\n ],\n [\n -90.68564412568368,\n 40.42375517193139\n ],\n [\n -89.76470125204189,\n 42.49536202047\n ],\n [\n -92.0520195269138,\n 45.04310183668423\n ],\n [\n -94.84995652179344,\n 47.38059349406069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
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The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, collected water-quality samples and environmental data in Lake Koocanusa (also known as “Koocanusa Reservoir”), the Kootenai River, and the Tobacco River during water years 2022–23. The transboundary Lake Koocanusa is in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and northwestern Montana, United States. It was formed by constructing Libby Dam on the Kootenai River 26 kilometers upstream from Libby, Montana. One of the lake sites and the Kootenai River site, in the Libby Dam tailwater (the outflow of the lake flow into the Kootenai River), were equipped with automated, high-frequency ServoSipper water samplers. At the lake site, these samplers were mounted to pontoon platforms during the summer, and a submersible ServoSipper sipper was deployed with ice buoys during the winter. Samples were automatically collected from multiple depths. At the Kootenai River site, these samplers were housed in the gage house. In water year 2022, discrete water-quality samples were collected every 4–6 weeks, year round, at all four lake sites in the Kootenai River between April and November. In water year 2023, discrete water-quality samples were collected at three lake sites and the Kootenai and Tobacco River sites every 4–6 weeks. The goal of this project was to collect multidepth, high-frequency vertical and temporal water-quality samples and data to understand the limnological and biological processes that control variations and trends in selenium concentrations and loads throughout Lake Koocanusa and in the Libby Dam tailwater at the southern end of the lake. This sampling and analysis plan documents the organization, sampling and data-collection scheme and design, pre- and post-collection processes, and quality-assurance and quality-control procedures of the Koocanusa/Kootenai water-quality monitoring program during water years 2022–23.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261005","usgsCitation":"King, L.R., Caldwell Eldridge, S.L., Schaar, M.A., Schmidt, T.S., Chapin, T., and Bussell, A.M., 2026, Sampling and analysis plan for the water-quality monitoring program in Lake Koocanusa and upper Kootenai River, Montana, water years 2022–23: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1005, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261005.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-149144","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502178,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119339.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502024,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/images/"},{"id":502022,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/ofr20261005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1005"},{"id":502023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/ofr20261005.XML"},{"id":502021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502025,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261005/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Koocanusa and Upper Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.9429682076028,\n 48.99647573554873\n ],\n [\n -116.0375564422092,\n 48.99647573554873\n ],\n [\n -116.0375564422092,\n 48.33063827945506\n ],\n [\n -114.9429682076028,\n 48.33063827945506\n ],\n [\n -114.9429682076028,\n 48.99647573554873\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
Supersaturation of total dissolved gases (TDG) can potentially occur in the tailrace water at the Youghiogheny River at dam outlet tunnel near Confluence, Pennsylvania (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] streamgaging and monitoring station 03077100). The USGS, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, established methods to collect and report TDG saturation data in the tailrace below the Youghiogheny Dam. Monitoring and TDG data collection started in June 2008 and continues currently (2025). Data are collected from June 1 through November 30 of each year, and these data are used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to guide management of the dam outflow. Methods used for data collection, processing, reporting, and quality assurance for TDG monitored at USGS station 03077100 are presented in this report. The TDG data are publicly available in the USGS National Water Information System database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Pittsburgh District","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, A.J., Woodward, E.E., and Casile, G.C., 2026, Data-collection methods for total dissolved gases monitoring, Youghiogheny River at Dam Outlet Tunnel near Confluence, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1068, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261068.","productDescription":"Report: v, 14 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-164097","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502175,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119335.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":501320,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS 03077100 Youghiogheny R at dam outlet tunnel nr Confluence, in USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":501319,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1068/images/"},{"id":501318,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1068/ofr20261068.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1068 XML"},{"id":501317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261068/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1068 HTML"},{"id":501316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1068/ofr20261068.pdf","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1068 PDF"},{"id":501315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1068/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Confluence","otherGeospatial":"Youghiogheny River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.35338805072584,\n 39.814823121451155\n ],\n [\n -79.37828904728073,\n 39.814823121451155\n ],\n [\n -79.37828904728073,\n 39.79172700829372\n ],\n [\n -79.35338805072584,\n 39.79172700829372\n ],\n [\n -79.35338805072584,\n 39.814823121451155\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, established methods to collect and report total dissolved gases (TDG) saturation data in the tailrace (a channel or pool below a dam where water from the dam is discharged) of the Youghiogheny Dam. Monitoring and TDG data collection started in June 2008 and continues currently (2025). Methods used for data collection, processing, reporting, and quality assurance for TDG monitored at U.S. Geological Survey station 03077100 are presented in this report.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Allan J. 0009-0000-3506-7385","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3506-7385","contributorId":367237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Allan","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Emily E. 0000-0001-9196-1349 ewoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-1349","contributorId":177364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Emily","email":"ewoodward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. 0000-0002-7952-6421","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-6421","contributorId":202479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274203,"text":"ofr20261067 - 2026 - Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:40:49.693596","indexId":"ofr20261067","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1067","displayTitle":"Field Performance Evaluation of a Bayluscide 20-Percent Suspension Concentrate Formulation","title":"Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation","docAbstract":"Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) is a parasitic, invasive fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Since the late 1950s, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission has implemented an integrated Sea Lamprey Control Program (SLCP) that relies on two lampricidal chemicals: 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide. Niclosamide is applied using a bayluscide 20-percent emulsifiable concentrate; however, a solvent in this formulation, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, has been linked with worker safety concerns and has contributed to equipment degradation and clogging. To address these limitations, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with Battelle UK, developed a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate (SC) as a potential alternative formulation.
In this study, we evaluated the field performance of SC on the Indian River in Schoolcraft County, Michigan. The objective was to assess the formulation’s compatibility with SLCP application procedures and equipment, and to determine its ability to deliver precise lampricide concentrations in a timely manner. SC was found to dilute easily with stream water and readily combined with TFM. As a result, target lampricide concentrations in the stream were achieved within 1 hour of initiating delivery. Moreover, concentrations remained within 9 percent of target values, with less than 2 percent variation across the width of the stream, demonstrating consistent and uniform distribution. These findings indicate that SC can support accurate and timely lampricide applications. When considered alongside previous research highlighting its favorable selectivity for sea lamprey and improved environmental safety, the results support the pursuit of registration and adoption of SC as a new tool for controlling invasive sea lamprey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sea Lamprey Control Program","usgsCitation":"Carmosini, N., Schueller, J.R., Kirkeeng, C.A., Wood, A.M., Criger, L.A., and Luoma, J.A., 2026, Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation (ver. 1.1, March 19, 2026): U.S. Geological\nSurvey Open-File Report 2026–1067, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261067.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 9; Data Release","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177724","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":500976,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/images/"},{"id":500975,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/ofr20261067.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 XML"},{"id":500973,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/ofr20261067.pdf","size":"961 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 PDF"},{"id":500974,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261067/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 HTML"},{"id":500977,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1ZIEH77","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of bayluscide 20% suspension concentrate formulation field performance (Indian River, Schoolcraft County, MI)"},{"id":501267,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Schoolcraft County","otherGeospatial":"Indian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.98\n ],\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.97\n ],\n [\n -86.23,\n 45.97\n ],\n [\n -86.23,\n 45.98\n ],\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.98\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 17, 2026; Version 1.1: March 19, 2026","contact":"Center Director, Upper Midwest Ecological Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9 for quarter 3 (July–September) of 2025. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261069","usgsCitation":"Haque, M.O., Hasan, M.N., Shrestha, A., Rengarajan, R., Lubke, M., Steinwand, D., Bresnahan, P., Shaw, J.L., Ruslander, K., Micijevic, E., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Clauson, J., Thome, K., Kaita, E., Angal, A., Levy, R., Miller, J., Ding, L., and Teixeira Pinto, C., 2026, ECCOE Landsat quarterly calibration and validation report—Quarter 3, 2025 (ver. 1.1, June 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1069, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261069.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 55 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-184277","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505297,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261069/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1069 HTML"},{"id":500978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1069/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":500982,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"- EarthExplorer"},{"id":500981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1069/images/"},{"id":500980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1069/ofr20261069.XML"},{"id":505299,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1069/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":505298,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1069/ofr20261069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1069"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: March 2026; Version 1.1: June 2026","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation Center of Excellence Team assesses and calibrates Landsat remote-sensing data to ensure high-quality data products are publicly available. These data products are used to make informed decisions about natural resources and the environment. This report is part of a series of quarterly reports intended to provide updated observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haque, Md Obaidul 0000-0002-0914-1446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":290335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haque","given":"Md Obaidul","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasan, Nahid 0000-0002-0463-601X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-601X","contributorId":292342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasan","given":"Nahid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shrestha, Ashish 0000-0002-9407-5462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-5462","contributorId":298063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Ashish","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rengarajan, Rajagopalan 0000-0003-1860-7110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":242014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"Rajagopalan","affiliations":[{"id":48475,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS EROS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lubke, Mark 0000-0002-7257-2337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-2337","contributorId":261911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubke","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":53079,"text":"KBR, contractor to U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel 0009-0008-6588-9775","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6588-9775","contributorId":357557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bresnahan, Paul 0000-0002-3491-0956","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-0956","contributorId":306120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bresnahan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":27608,"text":"Contractor to the USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shaw, Jerad L. 0000-0002-8319-2778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-2778","contributorId":270396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Jerad L.","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ruslander, Kathryn 0000-0003-3036-1731","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3036-1731","contributorId":330181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruslander","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 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chanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-1889","contributorId":195521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Cody","email":"chanderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clauson, Jeff 0000-0003-3406-4988 jclauson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-4988","contributorId":5230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clauson","given":"Jeff","email":"jclauson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":956971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thome, Kurt","contributorId":140792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thome","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Angal, Amit","contributorId":360771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Angal","given":"Amit","affiliations":[{"id":78842,"text":"SSAI, under contract to NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Levy, Raviv","contributorId":131008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Raviv","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7209,"text":"SSAI / NASA / GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Miller, Jeff","contributorId":204570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ding, Leibo","contributorId":330182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ding","given":"Leibo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78842,"text":"SSAI, under contract to NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Teixeira Pinto, Cibele","contributorId":357558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teixeira Pinto","given":"Cibele","affiliations":[{"id":78842,"text":"SSAI, under contract to NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70274196,"text":"ofr20261063 - 2026 - Evaluation of turbidity corrections for EXO fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:45:10.353284","indexId":"ofr20261063","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-06T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1063","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Turbidity Corrections for EXO Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM) Sensors","title":"Evaluation of turbidity corrections for EXO fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensors","docAbstract":"The use of field-deployable fluorescence sensors to better understand dissolved organic matter concentrations and composition has grown immensely in recent years. Applications of these sensors to critical monitoring efforts have also grown, encompassing post-fire monitoring, wastewater tracking, and use as a proxy for various contaminants. Despite the growth, it is well known that these sensors require corrections for temperature (Watras and others, 2011) and are subject to many light-field interferences caused by both scattering and absorbance due to dissolved and particulate substances (Downing and others, 2012; Lee and others, 2015; Booth and others, 2023). The most common fluorescence sensors used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) include those targeting fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) and chlorophylls. Because fDOM sensors primarily measure fluorescence in the dissolved to colloidal phases, corrections to the interferences caused by particulates can be made relatively easily. By the end of 2024, the USGS had 69 fDOM sensors deployed within official water quality monitoring networks included on the USGS National Water Dashboard (https://dashboard.waterdata.usgs.gov/app/nwd/en/) and numerous others used in surveys and research applications across the Nation.
Although temperature corrections are widely applicable across sensor models, interference corrections can be model specific due to differences in design specifications across manufacturers and models (Booth and others, 2023). The corrections are also potentially subject to changes in manufacturing within a specific sensor model. Recently, USGS staff obtained information regarding possible changes in the manufacturing of its most widely-used fDOM sensor model, raising concerns about data consistency and quality in the USGS fDOM sensor networks.
Furthermore, changes in turbidity sensors since the corrections guidance was performed may also affect the performance of the corrections. The turbidity sensor used in the original experiments (Downing and others, 2012) was determined to have a signal output approximately 1.3 times higher than the output of the turbidity sensor currently used in an extensive field comparison study (Messner and others, 2023). With these changes, it is imperative that the corrections be reevaluated to maintain data consistency and continuity across the USGS.
In this study, we evaluated turbidity corrections for fDOM sensors over a range of serial numbers covering manufacturing dates 2015 through 2022 and turbidity serial numbers covering the range 2013 through 2022. The goal was to determine whether reported changes in the manufacturing process of the fDOM and turbidity sensors affected the correction approach developed by Downing and others (2012) such that additional guidance would be required to address this manufacturing change. To evaluate, we repeated a laboratory-based test similar to that performed by Downing and others (2012) in which a series of tank experiments with multiple sensors were deployed in a suspension of Elliot Silt Loam (ESL). High turbidities of the ESL suspension were maintained throughout the tank by turbulent recirculation using submersible pumps. Particulates were removed using a recirculated line equipped with a capsule filter (0.45 micron). Measurements were collected throughout the filtration until turbidities reached approximately 5 formazin nephelometric units (FNU; data available in Baxter and others, 2023). Each experimental run included a mixture of unique sensor combinations to account for variability imposed by the turbidity and temperature sensors. The fDOM correction factor was calculated for each combination of fDOM and turbidity sensors included in the test.
We observed no systematic change in fDOM correction coefficients across serial numbers representing manufacturing years 2015 through 2022. However, the results highlighted questions raised about the corrections for high-turbidity samples, as noted in USGS Techniques and Methods (Booth and others, 2023). Applying the inverse of the commonly-used fDOM ratio with a quadratic fit performed better than the exponential fits when correcting fDOM data for turbidity in the ESL laboratory filtration test and generated a simple scale factor correction equation. This approach also served as a better indicator of data quality than the exponential fit approach. Similar to fDOM, more rigorous quality assurance measures may be necessary to evaluate turbidity sensor calibrations and performance. Sensors exceeding a certain age may need to be replaced despite passing quality assurance checks during calibration. Further testing of the turbidity corrections for different sediment and water types is warranted to better understand the variations in the fits and correctable ranges of turbidity in different systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261063","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J.A., Baxter, T.J., and Hansen, A.M., 2026, Evaluation of turbidity corrections for fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1063, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261063.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171907","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500843,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/ofr20261063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1063 PDF"},{"id":500844,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261063/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1063 HTML"},{"id":500845,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/ofr20261063.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1063 XML"},{"id":500846,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1063/images"},{"id":500847,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OB430E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fluorescence sensor measurements in sediment suspensions to evaluate turbidity corrections"}],"contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The San Francisco Bay supports thousands of breeding waterbirds annually and hosts large populations of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster’s terns (Sterna forsteri). These three species have relied largely on former commercial salt ponds in south San Francisco Bay, which provide wetland foraging habitat and island nesting habitat. The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is in the process of restoring as much as 15,100 acres of these former salt ponds to tidal marsh and tidal mudflats. Although this restoration is expected to have numerous benefits, including providing habitat for tidal wetland-dependent species, improving water quality, buffering against storm surge, and protecting inland areas from sea level rise, the reduction in former salt-pond habitat and nesting islands may negatively affect breeding waterbirds. To address the reduction in former salt-pond habitat available to waterbirds, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project will maintain some pond habitat for wildlife and provide enhancements such as the construction of new islands for nesting. The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project follows an adaptive management plan in which waterbird response to the changing landscape is monitored over time to ensure that existing breeding waterbird populations are maintained.
In this report, we provide results of waterbird nest monitoring in south San Francisco Bay during the 2024 breeding season and present these results in the context of annual nest monitoring in south San Francisco Bay since 2005. Overall, Forster’s tern nest abundance in 2024 (1,808 nests) was the highest recorded between 2005 and 2024, and it maintained the high abundance first observed in 2022 (1,727 nests), which reversed the historically low abundance observed during 2015–17. In contrast, nest abundance remained at or near 20-year lows for American avocets (222 nests) and black-necked stilts (126 nests) in 2024, but both species had small increases in their nesting population sizes compared to 2022. In 2024, there were only 3 Forster’s tern, 5 American avocet, and 3 black-necked stilt major colony nesting sites, which is down from the annual averages of 6.6, 12.4, and 6.6 observed during 2005–09. Nest success (73 percent for American avocets, 54 percent for black-necked stilt, and 64 percent for Forster’s terns) increased compared to 2022 (30 percent for American avocets, 29 percent for black-necked stilt, and 53 percent for Forster’s terns) and during 2005–10 (37 percent for American avocets, 24 percent for black-necked stilt, and 61 percent for Forster’s terns). Nest success in 2024 was above (American avocets and black-necked stilts) or slightly below (Forster’s terns) baseline values established for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Average egg-hatching success was lower for American avocets (86 percent) and Forster’s terns (86 percent) and similar for black-necked stilts (96 percent) than the values observed during 2005–10. Average clutch sizes for American avocets (3.87 eggs), black-necked stilts (3.88 eggs), and Forster’s terns (2.73 eggs) were greater than what was observed in 2022 and during 2005–10. Average nest-initiation dates in 2024 were substantially earlier among all three species (April 19 for American avocets, April 25 for black-necked stilts, and May 12 for Forster’s terns) than in 2022 (May 4 for American avocets, May 13 for black-necked stilts, and May 20 for Forster’s terns) and during 2005–10 (May 15 for American avocets, May 3 for black-necked stilts, and May 30 for Forster’s terns). Finally, the enhanced managed ponds with newly constructed islands (Ponds A16 and SF2) supported 52 percent of American avocet nests, 47 percent of black-necked stilt nests, and 94 percent of all the Forster’s tern nests recorded in south San Francisco Bay in 2024.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Coastal Conservancy, California Wildlife Foundation, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Land Management Research Program and Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J.T., Hartman, C.A., and Herzog, M., 2026, Monitoring nesting waterbirds for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project—2024 breeding season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1064, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261064.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-177737","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500738,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VVTPR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Waterbird nest abundance in south San Francisco Bay"},{"id":500737,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/images"},{"id":500736,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/ofr20261064.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1064 XML"},{"id":500733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1064/ofr20261064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1064 PDF"},{"id":500735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261064/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1064 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"south San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.667\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.667\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Following a heavy, multiday rainfall event that took place between June 20 and June 22, 2024, widespread flooding occurred in parts of northwestern Iowa. Ten U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages with periods of record ranging from 56 to 99 years in length experienced new peaks of record, three of which were more than double the previous peak-of-record: 06483500 (Rock River near Rock Valley, Iowa), 06605850 (Little Sioux River at Linn Grove, Iowa), and 06606600 (Little Sioux River at Correctionville, Iowa). A Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the State of Iowa was approved on June 24, 2024, and the cost of the flooding is estimated at over $310 million. The severity of this flooding prompted the USGS, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation, to summarize the meteorological and hydrological conditions preceding the flooding, compile estimates of the magnitude of peak flows resulting from the flooding, and update estimates of peak-flow frequency for selected USGS streamgages. Of the 33 streamgages analyzed, a peak streamflow occurred that corresponded to an annual exceedance probability of less than 4 percent at 13 streamgages, an annual exceedance probability of less than 1 percent at 6 streamgages, and an annual exceedance probability of less than 0.2 percent at 1 streamgage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Marti, M.K., and O’Shea, P.S., 2026, Floods of June 2024 in northwestern Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1066, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261066.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-175807","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500762,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261066/full"},{"id":500761,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/images/"},{"id":500760,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/ofr20261066.XML"},{"id":500759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/ofr20261066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1066"},{"id":500758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501165,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119301.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":500763,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JFCNSZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Peak-flow frequency analysis for U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in northwestern Iowa, based on data through water year 2024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.667,\n 43.6\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 43.6\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 43.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792; Chinook salmon) were historically abundant in the McCloud River but are now extirpated from this tributary owing to dam construction and lack of passage. Planning efforts to restore populations above Shasta and Keswick Dams are currently underway, including an evaluation of potential source populations. One potential source is New Zealand Chinook salmon, which are believed to have originated from tributaries of the Sacramento River. These fish could be returned to California if reintroduction risks, including risks of pathogen introduction, could be sufficiently mitigated. The U.S. Geological Survey was contracted to provide scientific support for reintroduction efforts, including evaluating the risks of pathogen transmission via the movement of Chinook salmon eggs from New Zealand to the McCloud River. This report estimates pathogen risks associated with egg movement and considers epidemiological and biosecurity measures to minimize these risks.
Pathogen risks associated with the movement of Chinook salmon eggs from New Zealand were evaluated based on pathogen virulence, transmission route, and geographic distribution. These criteria identified 14 moderate- and high-risk pathogens out of the 30 pathogens evaluated. Pathogen species and strains were considered high risk if they have the potential for vertical transmission (that is, transmission from parent to offspring), are moderately or highly virulent, and are exotic to the Sacramento River Basin. According to these criteria, we identified the following pathogens as high risk:
Strategic use of testing and biosecurity measures can minimize pathogen risks associated with the movement of eggs. The most effective measures include iodophor treatment of eggs to remove external pathogens, testing of all the adult fish from which gametes are obtained, and a quarantine period after transport to confirm pathogen testing results. Additional measures to enhance biosecurity could include testing the quarantined fish following emergence and (or) developing a fish health history of the source population through pathogen monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Anchor QEA, and HDR","programNote":"Land Management Research Program and Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Couch, C.E., Powell, D.B., and Lovy, J., 2026, Evaluation of pathogen risks and testing considerations for Chinook salmon egg movements between New Zealand and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1065, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261065.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-182977","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500703,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5501-A Cook Underwood Road
Cook, Washington 98605-9717
Portions of Underwood Creek in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin were reconstructed beginning in 2010 to allow for improved fish habitat and better management of streamflow during storm events. Four reaches of Underwood Creek were sampled in April 2021 for fish abundance by species to evaluate the status of fish communities after reconstruction efforts were completed. A total of 25 fish species were collected during the April 2021 sampling events. Reach D, a recently restored reach, contained the most fish species (14) and individuals (391). White suckers (Catostomus commersonii) were present in three of four reaches, fulfilling one of the success metrics outlined in the Underwood Creek restoration plan. Another success metric, collection of young of year northern pike (Esox lucius), was not met in this sampling event. However, spawning steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were observed in several reaches, indicating that reconstruction allowed for suitable habitat and passage for some migratory fish.
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U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726