Native gold found in fresh basanite glass from the early submarine phase of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, may be the first documented case of the transport of gold as a distinct precious metal phase in a mantle-derived magma. The gold-bearing glass is a grain in bedded volcanic glass sandstone (Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) sample S508-R3) collected by the submersible Shinkai 6500 at 3879 m depth off Kilauea's south flank. Extensive outcrops there expose debris-flow breccias and sandstones containing submarine-erupted alkalic rock fragments and glasses from early Kilauea. Precipitation of an immiscible gold liquid resulted from resorption of magmatic sulfides during crystallization-differentiation, with consequent liberation of sulfide-hosted gold. Elevated whole-rock gold concentrations (to 36 ppb) for fresh lavas and clasts from early Kilauea further show that some magmas erupted at the beginning stages of Hawaiian shield volcanoes were distinctly gold rich, most likely owing to limited residual sulfide in their mantle source. Alkalic magmas at other ocean islands may also be gold rich, and oceanic hot-spot provinces may contain underappreciated gold resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.643","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., 2003, Native gold in Hawaiian alkalic magma: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 3, p. 643-648, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.643.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"648","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62c0e4b0c8380cd720bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025197,"text":"70025197 - 2003 - Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:42:40.769696","indexId":"70025197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","docAbstract":"On January 29 30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1 4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode 1 in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994 1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to ≤1100°C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32 65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egg048","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C., Heliker, C., Sherrod, D.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Mikijus, A., Okubo, P.G., Trusdell, F., Budahn, J., Ridley, W., and Meeker, G., 2003, Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 9, p. 1525-1559, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg048.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ],\n [\n -155.2532958984375,\n 19.456233596018\n ],\n [\n -155.3192138671875,\n 19.25929414046391\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.295590314804254\n ],\n [\n -154.8358154296875,\n 19.440694401302856\n ],\n [\n -154.8248291015625,\n 19.53390722018251\n ],\n [\n -155.0335693359375,\n 19.761533975023298\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4091e4b0c8380cd64e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70025878,"text":"70025878 - 2003 - Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T13:27:16","indexId":"70025878","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields","docAbstract":"The properties of the surface wavefield at Kilauea Volcano are analysed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed in and around the Kilauea caldera. Tremor recordings were obtained during two Japan-US cooperative experiments conducted in 1996 and 1997. The seismometers were deployed in three semi-circular arrays with apertures of 300, 300 and 400 m, and a linear array with length of 1680 m. Data are analysed using a spatio-temporal correlation technique well suited for the study of the stationary stochastic wavefields of Rayleigh and Love waves associated with volcanic activity and scattering sources distributed in and around the summit caldera. Spatial autocorrelation coefficients are obtained as a function of frequency and are inverted for the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh and Love waves using a grid search that seeks phase velocities for which the L-2 norm between data and forward modelling operators is minimized. Within the caldera, the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves range from 1400 to 1800 m s-1 at 1 Hz down to 300-400 m s-1 at 10 Hz, and the phase velocities of Love waves range from 2600 to 400 m s-1 within the same frequency band. Outside the caldera, Rayleigh wave velocities range from 1800 to 1600 m s-1 at 1 Hz down to 260-360 m s-1 at 10 Hz, and Love wave velocities range from 600 to 150 m s-1 within the same frequency band. The dispersion curves are inverted for velocity structure beneath each array, assuming these dispersions represent the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves. The velocity structures observed at different array sites are consistent with results from a recent 3-D traveltime tomography of the caldera region, and point to a marked velocity discontinuity associated with the southern caldera boundary.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01867.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Saccorotti, G., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2003, Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields: Geophysical Journal International, v. 152, no. 3, p. 633-648, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01867.x.","startPage":"633","endPage":"648","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478474,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01867.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01867.x"}],"volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e49e4b08c986b31884d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saccorotti, G.","contributorId":107041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saccorotti","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024980,"text":"70024980 - 2003 - Groundwater level changes in a deep well in response to a magma intrusion event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024980","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater level changes in a deep well in response to a magma intrusion event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"On May 21, 2001, an abrupt inflation of Kilauea Volcano's summit induced a rapid and large increase in compressional strain, with a maximum of 2 ??strain recorded by a borehole dilatometer. Water level (pressure) simultaneously dropped by 6 cm. This mode of water level change (drop) is in contrast to that expected for compressional strain from poroelastic theory, and therefore it is proposed that the stress applied by the intrusion has caused opening of fractures or interflows that drained water out of the well. Upon relaxation of the stress recorded by the dilatometer, water levels have recovered at a similar rate. The proposed model has implications for the analysis of ground surface deformation and for mechanisms that trigger phreatomagmatic eruptions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., and Johnston, M., 2003, Groundwater level changes in a deep well in response to a magma intrusion event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 22.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da8e4b0c8380cd5bf8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025975,"text":"70025975 - 2003 - Gaussian statistics for palaeomagnetic vectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T12:00:23","indexId":"70025975","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gaussian statistics for palaeomagnetic vectors","docAbstract":"With the aim of treating the statistics of palaeomagnetic directions and intensities jointly and consistently, we represent the mean and the variance of palaeomagnetic vectors, at a particular site and of a particular polarity, by a probability density function in a Cartesian three-space of orthogonal magnetic-field components consisting of a single (unimoda) non-zero mean, spherically-symmetrical (isotropic) Gaussian function. For palaeomagnetic data of mixed polarities, we consider a bimodal distribution consisting of a pair of such symmetrical Gaussian functions, with equal, but opposite, means and equal variances. For both the Gaussian and bi-Gaussian distributions, and in the spherical three-space of intensity, inclination, and declination, we obtain analytical expressions for the marginal density functions, the cumulative distributions, and the expected values and variances for each spherical coordinate (including the angle with respect to the axis of symmetry of the distributions). The mathematical expressions for the intensity and off-axis angle are closed-form and especially manageable, with the intensity distribution being Rayleigh-Rician. In the limit of small relative vectorial dispersion, the Gaussian (bi-Gaussian) directional distribution approaches a Fisher (Bingham) distribution and the intensity distribution approaches a normal distribution. In the opposite limit of large relative vectorial dispersion, the directional distributions approach a spherically-uniform distribution and the intensity distribution approaches a Maxwell distribution. We quantify biases in estimating the properties of the vector field resulting from the use of simple arithmetic averages, such as estimates of the intensity or the inclination of the mean vector, or the variances of these quantities. With the statistical framework developed here and using the maximum-likelihood method, which gives unbiased estimates in the limit of large data numbers, we demonstrate how to formulate the inverse problem, and how to estimate the mean and variance of the magnetic vector field, even when the data consist of mixed combinations of directions and intensities. We examine palaeomagnetic secular-variation data from Hawaii and Re??union, and although these two sites are on almost opposite latitudes, we find significant differences in the mean vector and differences in the local vectorial variances, with the Hawaiian data being particularly anisotropic. These observations are inconsistent with a description of the mean field as being a simple geocentric axial dipole and with secular variation being statistically symmetrical with respect to reflection through the equatorial plane. Finally, our analysis of palaeomagnetic acquisition data from the 1960 Kilauea flow in Hawaii and the Holocene Xitle flow in Mexico, is consistent with the widely held suspicion that directional data are more accurate than intensity data.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01858.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Constable, C., 2003, Gaussian statistics for palaeomagnetic vectors: Geophysical Journal International, v. 152, no. 3, p. 515-565, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01858.x.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"565","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01858.x"},{"id":234723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14e6e4b0c8380cd54c05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constable, C.G.","contributorId":22948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constable","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025641,"text":"70025641 - 2003 - Mantle fault zone beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70025641","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle fault zone beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Relocations and focal mechanism analyses of deep earthquakes (???13 kilometers) at Kilauea volcano demonstrate that seismicity is focused on an active fault zone at 30-kilometer depth, with seaward slip on a low-angle plane, and other smaller, distinct fault zones. The earthquakes we have analyzed predominantly reflect tectonic faulting in the brittle lithosphere rather than magma movement associated with volcanic activity. The tectonic earthquakes may be induced on preexisting faults by stresses of magmatic origin, although background stresses from volcano loading and lithospheric flexure may also contribute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1082205","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, C., Okubo, P.G., and Shearer, P., 2003, Mantle fault zone beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Science, v. 300, no. 5618, p. 478-480, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082205.","startPage":"478","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1082205"},{"id":234703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"300","issue":"5618","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cd3e4b0c8380cd69f0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, C.J.","contributorId":61997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shearer, P.M.","contributorId":80456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025019,"text":"70025019 - 2003 - Location of long-period events below Kilauea Volcano using seismic amplitudes and accurate relative relocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70025019","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location of long-period events below Kilauea Volcano using seismic amplitudes and accurate relative relocation","docAbstract":"We present methods for improving the location of long-period (LP) events, deep and shallow, recorded below Kilauea Volcano by the permanent seismic network. LP events might be of particular interest to understanding eruptive processes as their source mechanism is assumed to directly involve fluid transport. However, it is usually difficult or impossible to locate their source using traditional arrival time methods because of emergent wave arrivals. At Kilauea, similar LP waveform signatures suggest the existence of LP multiplets. The waveform similarity suggests spatially close sources, while catalog solutions using arrival time estimates are widely scattered beneath Kilauea's summit caldera. In order to improve estimates of absolute LP location, we use the distribution of seismic amplitudes corrected for station site effects. The decay of the amplitude as a function of hypocentral distance is used for inferring LP location. In a second stage, we use the similarity of the events to calculate their relative positions. The analysis of the entire LP seismicity recorded between January 1997 and December 1999 suggests that a very large part of the LP event population, both deep and shallow, is generated by a small number of compact sources. Deep events are systematically composed of a weak high-frequency onset followed by a low-frequency wave train. Aligning the low-frequency wave trains does not lead to aligning the onsets indicating the two parts of the signal are dissociated. This observation favors an interpretation in terms of triggering and resonance of a magmatic conduit. Instead of defining fault planes, the precise relocation of similar LP events, based on the alignment of the high-energy low-frequency wave trains, defines limited size volumes. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, J., Got, J., and Okubo, P., 2003, Location of long-period events below Kilauea Volcano using seismic amplitudes and accurate relative relocation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 12.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4918e4b0c8380cd6836e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, J.","contributorId":31947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Got, J.-L.","contributorId":80867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Got","given":"J.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025488,"text":"70025488 - 2003 - New insights into Kilauea's volcano dynamics brought by large-scale relative relocation of microearthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70025488","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into Kilauea's volcano dynamics brought by large-scale relative relocation of microearthquakes","docAbstract":"We investigated the microseismicity recorded in an active volcano to infer information concerning the volcano structure and long-term dynamics, by using relative relocations and focal mechanisms of microearthquakes. There were 32,000 earthquakes of the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes recorded by more than eight stations of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic network between 1988 and 1999. We studied 17,000 of these events and relocated more than 70%, with an accuracy ranging from 10 to 500 m. About 75% of these relocated events are located in the vicinity of subhorizontal decollement planes, at a depth of 8-11 km. However, the striking features revealed by these relocation results are steep southeast dipping fault planes working as reverse faults, clearly located below the decollement plane and which intersect it. If this decollement plane coincides with the pre-Mauna Loa seafloor, as hypothesized by numerous authors, such reverse faults rupture the pre-Mauna Loa oceanic crust. The weight of the volcano and pressure in the magma storage system are possible causes of these ruptures, fully compatible with the local stress tensor computed by Gillard et al. [1996]. Reverse faults are suspected of producing scarps revealed by kilometer-long horizontal slip-perpendicular lineations along the decollement surface and therefore large-scale roughness, asperities, and normal stress variations. These are capable of generating stick-slip, large-magnitude earthquakes, the spatial microseismic pattern observed in the south flank of Kilauea volcano, and Hilina-type instabilities. Rupture intersecting the decollement surface, causing its large-scale roughness, may be an important parameter controlling the growth of Hawaiian volcanoes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Got, J., and Okubo, P., 2003, New insights into Kilauea's volcano dynamics brought by large-scale relative relocation of microearthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 7.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65dae4b0c8380cd72c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Got, J.-L.","contributorId":80867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Got","given":"J.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025518,"text":"70025518 - 2003 - Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025518","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","docAbstract":"Volcano applications commonly involve sizeable departures from the reference pressure and temperature of COSPEC calibration cells. Analysis shows that COSPEC SO2 column abundances and derived mass emission rates are independent of pressure and temperature, and thus unaffected by elevation effects related to deviations from calibration cell reference state. However, path-length concentrations are pressure and temperature dependent. Since COSPEC path-length concentration data assume the reference pressure and temperature of calibration cells, they can lead to large errors when used to calculate SO2 mixing ratios of volcanic plumes. Correction factors for COSPEC path-length concentrations become significant (c.10%) at elevations of about 1 km (e.g. Kilauea volcano) and rise rapidly to c.80% at 6 km (e.g. Cotopaxi volcano). Calculating SO2 mixing ratios for volcanic plumes directly from COSPEC path-length concentrations always gives low results. Corrections can substantially increase mixing ratios; for example, corrections increase SO2 ppm concentrations reported for the Mount St Helens, Colima, and Erebus plumes by 25-50%. Several arguments suggest it would be advantageous to calibrate COSPEC measurements in column abundance units rather than path-length concentration units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., 2003, Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 213, p. 169-175.","startPage":"169","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"213","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08cce4b0c8380cd51c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025600,"text":"70025600 - 2003 - Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T15:43:17.475536","indexId":"70025600","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"[1] Infrasonic array data collected at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, during November 12–21, 2002 indicate that the active vents and lava tube system near the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent complex emit almost continuous infrasound in the 0.3–10 Hz frequency band. The spectral content of these infrasonic signals matches well that of synchronous seismic tremor. In sites protected from wind noise, significant signal to noise ratios were recorded as far as ∼13 km from the crater of Pu'u 'Ō'ō. The infrasonic recordings suggest that one or more tremor sources may be close to the surface. In addition, these results demonstrate that adequate site and instrument selections for infrasonic arrays are essential in order to obtain consistent and reliable infrasonic detections.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018038","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Garces, M., Harris, A., Hetzer, C., Johnson, J., Rowland, S., Marchetti, E., and Okubo, P., 2003, Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 20, 2, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018038.","productDescription":"2, 4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.397225320423033\n ],\n [\n -155.28659820556638,\n 19.398844488980487\n ],\n [\n -155.28033256530762,\n 19.40013981222548\n ],\n [\n -155.27741432189939,\n 19.39981598238101\n ],\n [\n -155.27329444885254,\n 19.39876353093527\n ],\n [\n -155.26883125305173,\n 19.39997789738381\n ],\n [\n -155.2668571472168,\n 19.40208277775666\n ],\n [\n -155.25870323181152,\n 19.406373411096283\n ],\n [\n -155.25750160217285,\n 19.408235348838843\n ],\n [\n -155.25492668151855,\n 19.410097265263875\n ],\n [\n -155.25054931640625,\n 19.410906787494763\n ],\n [\n -155.25080680847168,\n 19.417463769018042\n ],\n [\n -155.2565574645996,\n 19.423372920825656\n ],\n [\n -155.25681495666504,\n 19.425072774013827\n ],\n [\n -155.25750160217285,\n 19.427015441594985\n ],\n [\n -155.2587890625,\n 19.42920091485609\n ],\n [\n -155.26239395141602,\n 19.43081976498137\n ],\n [\n -155.26728630065918,\n 19.4303341116379\n ],\n [\n -155.27114868164062,\n 19.430981649106492\n ],\n [\n -155.2738094329834,\n 19.43187200891054\n ],\n [\n -155.27990341186523,\n 19.42928185774553\n ],\n [\n -155.28101921081543,\n 19.427905823139497\n ],\n [\n -155.28573989868164,\n 19.422482514439473\n ],\n [\n -155.29149055480957,\n 19.41794946083209\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.415520987249117\n ],\n [\n -155.29483795166016,\n 19.413011526433195\n ],\n [\n -155.29698371887207,\n 19.40977345524309\n ],\n [\n -155.2961254119873,\n 19.405725775580528\n ],\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.397225320423033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bc8e4b0c8380cd62833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garces, M.","contributorId":42406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garces","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A.","contributorId":67703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hetzer, C.","contributorId":17812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hetzer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, J.","contributorId":31719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowland, S.","contributorId":38341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marchetti, E.","contributorId":19355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchetti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":50570,"text":"ofr2002460 - 2002 - Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T11:48:38.670852","indexId":"ofr2002460","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-460","title":"Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 1998-2001","docAbstract":"Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). A compilation of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 1997 is available as Open-File Report 98-462 (Elias and others, 1998) and on the web at http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/products/OF98462/. The purpose of this report is to update the existing database through 2001. Kilauea releases SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (fig. 1), as described in previous reports (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). These two distinct sources are quantified independently. The summit and east rift zone emission rates reported here were derived using vehicle-based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements as described in Elias and others (1998). In 1998 and 1999, these measurements were augmented with airborne and tripod-based surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002460","usgsCitation":"Elias, T., and Sutton, A.J., 2002, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-460, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002460.","productDescription":"29 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-460/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389010,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53980.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69984c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jefferson","contributorId":47860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jefferson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44693,"text":"fs14402 - 2002 - The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1983 to 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"fs14402","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"144-02","title":"The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1983 to 2003","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs14402","usgsCitation":"Heliker, C.C., and Brantley, S., 2002, The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1983 to 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 144-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14402.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3740,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs144-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81993,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heliker, Christina C.","contributorId":68695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, Steven R. srbrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":4182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Steven R.","email":"srbrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205922,"text":"70205922 - 2002 - Ancestral submarine growth of Kïlauea Volcano and instability of its south flank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T14:51:12.376586","indexId":"70205922","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ancestral submarine growth of Kïlauea Volcano and instability of its south flank","docAbstract":"Joint Japan-USA cruises in 1998-99 explored and sampled the previously unstudied deep offshore region south of Kilauea. Bathymetric features, dive observations, and recovered samples indicate that the 3-km-deep mid-slope bench, bounded seaward by a 2-km-high lower scarp, is underlain by massive turbidite sandstone and interbedded debris-flow breccia. Debris-flow clasts are submarineerupted (high-S) alkalic basalt, distinctive fine- to coarse-grained alkalic gabbro and nephelinite (some containing phlogopite), and subordinate transitional basalt. N o recovered clasts are similar to recent Kilauea tholeiite. Primary volcanic deposits (pillow basalt, hyaloclastite breccia) are absent. The sandstone and breccia matrix, a large fraction of the volcaniclastic apron, are mainly subaerially erupted (low-S) tholeiitic glass sand generated by shoreline processes on pre-Kilauea volcanoes. Fractures, shears, slickensided clasts, and open folds indicate widespread deformation low in the lower scarp; upward-decreasing proportions of alkalic materials define a gross stratigraphy. Alkalic high-S compositions of many basalt clasts and some sandstone glass indicate derivation from the submarine \"Lo'ihi\" stage of ancestral Kilauea, prior to growth of its tholeiitic shield. Slopes (3300-2800 m depth) above the mid-slope bench contain submarine-erupted (S >750 ppm) pillow lava of transitional basalt, defining the initial flank of subalkaline Kilauea. The geometry and diverse constituents of the bench and lower scarp require initial landsliding during alkalic volcanism at 200-300 ka, prior to shield growth at Kilauea and inception of Hilina faults. The active Hilina slump structures on Kilauea's south flank are in an early growth stage, thus possibly posing greater potential for future large-scale landsliding and tsunamis
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaiian volcanoes: Deep underwater perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM128p0161","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Sisson, T.W., Ui, T., Naka, J., and Smith, J., 2002, Ancestral submarine growth of Kïlauea Volcano and instability of its south flank, chap. of Hawaiian volcanoes: Deep underwater perspectives, v. 128, p. 161-191, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM128p0161.","productDescription":"31p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.45654296875,\n 18.8335153964335\n ],\n [\n -154.70947265625,\n 18.8335153964335\n ],\n [\n -154.70947265625,\n 19.48730751856426\n ],\n [\n -155.45654296875,\n 19.48730751856426\n ],\n [\n -155.45654296875,\n 18.8335153964335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ui, Tadahide","contributorId":219701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ui","given":"Tadahide","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naka, Jiro","contributorId":64347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naka","given":"Jiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, John R.","contributorId":13321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205931,"text":"70205931 - 2002 - Deep-sea volcaniclastic sedimentation around the southern flank of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-10T12:06:41","indexId":"70205931","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-10T11:58:21","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Deep-sea volcaniclastic sedimentation around the southern flank of Hawaii","docAbstract":"Most slopes of the Hilina slump are steep, but local small benches, mantled by volcaniclastic sand and fine sediments, were sampled in 1998-1999 with ROV KAIKO and DSRV SHINKAI 6500. Most surficial glass sands on the Hilina slump have compositions of subaerially erupted Kilauea lava, which fragmented and quenched as they entered the sea. Samples from the base of the Puna Ridge contain both subaerially and submarine-erupted fragments of Kilauea composition. Some glass sands from the base of Loihi contain both subaerial Kilauea and submarine Loihi compositions in the same bed. Two piston cores, collected 120 km (P6) and 250 km (P5) southeast of Hawaii, are composed of fine sediments interbedded with volcaniclastic turbidite layers. Although some volcaniclastic fragments in the fine sediments intervals are disturbed by bioturbation, nearly continuous volcanostratigraphic sequences are preserved. P6 and the upper 2.3 m of P5 are normally magnetized: the lower part of P5 is reversed and is therefore older than 0.78 Ma. At depths of 4 m below sea floor (mbsf) in P6 and 1 mbsf in P5, the dominant glass compositions change down core from Kilauea to Mauna Loa type. In the P6, an interval of abundant submarine-erupted alkalic glasses lies between 3.3 and 1.75 mbsf and may record the ancestral alkalic phase of Kilauea volcano. Magnetic susceptibility trends and glass compositions suggest that the entire P6 core correlates with only the uppermost 1.2 m of the P5, and that the average sedimentation rate at the P6 is about 5 times greater than that at P5.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":" American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM128p0029","usgsCitation":"Naka, J., Kanamatsu, T., Lipman, P.W., Sisson, T.W., Tsuboyama, N., Morgan, J.K., Smith, J., and Ui, T., 2002, Deep-sea volcaniclastic sedimentation around the southern flank of Hawaii, chap. of Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives , v. 128, p. 29-50, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM128p0029.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":" Puna Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3741455078125,\n 18.911483222018383\n ],\n [\n -154.324951171875,\n 18.911483222018383\n ],\n [\n -154.324951171875,\n 19.590844152960923\n ],\n [\n -155.3741455078125,\n 19.590844152960923\n ],\n [\n -155.3741455078125,\n 18.911483222018383\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naka, Jiro","contributorId":64347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naka","given":"Jiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamatsu, Toshiya","contributorId":108203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamatsu","given":"Toshiya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsuboyama, Nohiro","contributorId":219712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsuboyama","given":"Nohiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgan, Julia K.","contributorId":127859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7173,"text":"Rice University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, John R.","contributorId":13321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ui, Tadahide","contributorId":219701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ui","given":"Tadahide","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70205925,"text":"70205925 - 2002 - Emplacement and inflation structures of submarine and subaerial pahoehoe lavas from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-10T11:54:52","indexId":"70205925","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-10T11:40:35","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Emplacement and inflation structures of submarine and subaerial pahoehoe lavas from Hawaii","docAbstract":"Features of subaerial pahoehoe tumuli from Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes in Hawaii and subaqueous flow lobes from Loihi Seamount off Hawaii and north of Oahu Island document the controlling factors of flow-lobe formation. Studied subaerial flow-lobe tumuli consist of uplifted pahoehoe crust, formed from coalesced flow lobes. The south rift zone of Loihi has abundant conical lava mounds and terraces with flat tops. Steep flanks (>4°) of these mounds are covered with elongate pillows, but the flat tops are overlain by lobate sheets and inflated pahoehoe flows. The pahoehoe lobes have an elongate dome-like shape 2 x 0.5 m to 20 x 20 m and up to 5 m in height. Hollow pahoehoe lobes, which are rare among subaerial pahoehoe flows on coastal plains in Hawaii Island, are common on Loihi. Similar hollow lobes and a subaqueous tumulus were found on a 2200-m deep terrace offshore of Oahu Island. In contrast to corrugated pillow lobes, these subaqueous flows have smooth surfaces covered with fine streaks of thin glass flakes. We suggest that subaqueous flow lobes grow like a slowly advancing subaerial pahoehoe flow. The plastic crust stretches, thins, and ruptures at the flow front, where new lava is exposed, and subsequently is quenched by water to form thin flaky glass. The Graetz number, giving a dimensionless temperature distribution within lava, varies flow by flow but remains almost constant for subaqueous flow lobes. This means that the lateral extension of a flow lobe is cooling limited, which results in a linear correlation between the rate of lava supply and the volume of lobes. Flow lobes stop advancing due to heat loss to the environment, as brittle crust thickens and hinders the lobes from deforming freely.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM128p0085","usgsCitation":"Umino, S., Obata, S., Lipman, P.W., Smith, J., Shibata, T., Naka, J., and Trusdell, F., 2002, Emplacement and inflation structures of submarine and subaerial pahoehoe lavas from Hawaii, chap. of Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives, v. 128, p. 85-101, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM128p0085.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"101","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.28826904296872,\n 21.555284406923192\n ],\n [\n -157.7801513671875,\n 21.555284406923192\n ],\n [\n -157.7801513671875,\n 21.922663209325922\n ],\n [\n -158.28826904296872,\n 21.922663209325922\n ],\n [\n -158.28826904296872,\n 21.555284406923192\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.37939453125,\n 18.687878686034182\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 18.687878686034182\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 20.437307950568957\n ],\n [\n -156.37939453125,\n 20.437307950568957\n ],\n [\n -156.37939453125,\n 18.687878686034182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Umino, Susumu","contributorId":42773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Umino","given":"Susumu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obata, Sumie","contributorId":219708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obata","given":"Sumie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, John R.","contributorId":13321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shibata, Tsugio","contributorId":219709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shibata","given":"Tsugio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naka, Jiro","contributorId":64347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naka","given":"Jiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70205921,"text":"70205921 - 2002 - Submarine landslides and volcanic features on Kohala and Mauna Kea volcanoes and the Hana Ridge, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T22:06:01.644507","indexId":"70205921","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-10T10:34:16","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Submarine landslides and volcanic features on Kohala and Mauna Kea volcanoes and the Hana Ridge, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The deep submarine eastern flanks of Mauna Kea, Kohala, and Haleakala volcanoes were mapped for the first time with a multibeam bathymetric and sidescan sonar system during joint Japan-US cruises aboard the JAMSTEC vessel R/V Yokosuka in 1999. The Pololu slump off northeast Kohala is overlain by a carbonate platform in the shallow region and the deeper areas are incised by downslope oriented channels. It is cut by several faults and slump scars and appears to override an older slide located farther east, here named the Laupahoehoe slump. The structures characteristic of the Laupahoehoe slump are NW-SE oriented scarp-and-bench topographic features analogous to the Hilina slump on the mobile SE flank of Kilauea. Enclosed basins lie at 3000-5000 m, fronted by ridges on their seaward sides. The basins may result from local rotational slumps or from uplift above discontinuous thrust faults. The Laupahoehoe slump appears to be overlapped by shield margins of both Kohala and Mauna Kea and thus may have been derived from an elongate Kohala edifice. A large debris apron continues from the base of the two-slide complex, abutting the distal Hana Ridge (Haleakala east rift zone). The tip of the Hana Ridge displays a curious steepsided arcuate rift tip that resembles the classic amphitheater scarp of a landslide. Numerous flat-topped volcanic domes are distributed along the broad crest of the lower rift zone. Similar cones, though fewer in number, are also present on the Hilo Ridge, which may be the continuation of a Kohala rift zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM128p0011","issn":"00658448","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Kenji, S., Morgan, J., and Lipman, P.W., 2002, Submarine landslides and volcanic features on Kohala and Mauna Kea volcanoes and the Hana Ridge, Hawaii, chap. of Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives, v. 128, p. 11-28, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM128p0011.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Southeast flank of the island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.148681640625,\n 19.78738018198621\n ],\n [\n -154.654541015625,\n 19.78738018198621\n ],\n [\n -154.654541015625,\n 20.930658643632885\n ],\n [\n -156.148681640625,\n 20.930658643632885\n ],\n [\n -156.148681640625,\n 19.78738018198621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.R.","contributorId":43942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenji, Satake","contributorId":88829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenji","given":"Satake","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, J.K.","contributorId":83333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32370,"text":"ofr02129 - 2002 - Leveling, EDM, and crack-monitoring networks in the Koa'e fault system, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:22","indexId":"ofr02129","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-129","title":"Leveling, EDM, and crack-monitoring networks in the Koa'e fault system, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02129","usgsCitation":"Avery, V., Fiske, R., and Swanson, D., 2002, Leveling, EDM, and crack-monitoring networks in the Koa'e fault system, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-129, iv, 44 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02129.","productDescription":"iv, 44 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60358,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Avery, V.F.","contributorId":51811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"V.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiske, R.S.","contributorId":47783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Donald","contributorId":47430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31523,"text":"ofr0217 - 2002 - Whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, near-vent eruptive products: September 1994 through September 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T09:32:22","indexId":"ofr0217","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-17","title":"Whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, near-vent eruptive products: September 1994 through September 2001","docAbstract":"This report presents major-element geochemical data for glasses and whole-rock aliquots among 523 lava samples collected near the vent on Kilauea's east rift zone between September 1994 and October 2001. Information on sample collection, analysis techniques and analytical standard reproducibility are presented as a PDF file, which also includes a detailed explantion of the categories of sample information presented in the database spreadsheet. The sample database is downloadable as a separate Microsoft Excel file.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0217","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C.R., Sherrod, D.R., Siems, D.F., Heliker, C.C., Meeker, G.P., Oscarson, R.L., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 2002, Whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, near-vent eruptive products: September 1994 through September 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-17, Report: 9 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0217.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"9","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1994-09-01","temporalEnd":"2001-10-01","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0217.jpg"},{"id":2714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283202,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0017/pdf/of02-017.pdf"},{"id":283203,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0017/OF0217data.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.058221 ], [ -155.798371,19.547589 ], [ -155.016307,19.547589 ], [ -155.016307,19.058221 ], [ -155.798371,19.058221 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e489e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siems, David F.","contributorId":100835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heliker, Christina C.","contributorId":68695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70024093,"text":"70024093 - 2002 - Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:10:44.856798","indexId":"70024093","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Temperature measurements in deep drill holes on volcano summits or upper flanks allow a quantitative analysis of groundwater induced heat transport within the edifice. We present a new temperature-depth profile from a deep well on the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and analyze it in conjunction with a temperature profile measured 26 years earlier. We propose two groundwater flow models to interpret the complex temperature profiles. The first is a modified confined lateral flow model (CLFM) with a continuous flux of hydrothermal fluid. In the second, transient flow model (TFM), slow conductive cooling follows a brief, advective heating event. We carry out numerical simulations to examine the timescales associated with each of the models. Results for both models are sensitive to the initial conditions, and with realistic initial conditions it takes between 750 and 1000 simulation years for either model to match the measured temperature profiles. With somewhat hotter initial conditions, results are consistent with onset of a hydrothermal plume ∼550 years ago, coincident with initiation of caldera subsidence. We show that the TFM is consistent with other data from hydrothermal systems and laboratory experiments and perhaps is more appropriate for this highly dynamic environment. The TFM implies that volcano-hydrothermal systems may be dominated by episodic events and that thermal perturbations may persist for several thousand years after hydrothermal flow has ceased.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001654","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Sorey, M., 2002, Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B11, p. ECV 13-1-ECV 13-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001654.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"ECV 13-1","endPage":"ECV 13-10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001654","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 19.2528118348149\n ],\n [\n -155.06927490234375,\n 19.2528118348149\n ],\n [\n -155.06927490234375,\n 19.48860213599771\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 19.48860213599771\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 19.2528118348149\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a16e4b0c8380cd521c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024751,"text":"70024751 - 2002 - Identifying elements of the plumbing system beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from the source locations of very-long-period signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024751","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying elements of the plumbing system beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from the source locations of very-long-period signals","docAbstract":"We analyzed 16 seismic events recorded by the Hawaiian broad-band seismic network at Kilauca Volcano during the period September 9-26, 1999. Two distinct types of event are identified based on their spectral content, very-long-period (VLP) waveform, amplitude decay pattern and particle motion. We locate the VLP signals with a method based on analyses of semblance and particle motion. Different source regions are identified for the two event types. One source region is located at depths of ~1 km beneath the northeast edge of the Halemaumau pit crater. A second region is located at depths of ~8 km below the northwest quadrant of Kilauea caldera. Our study represents the first time that such deep sources have been identified in VLP data at Kilauea. This discovery opens the possibility of obtaining a detailed image of the location and geometry of the magma plumbing system beneath this volcano based on source locations and moment tensor inversions of VLP signals recorded by a permanent, large-aperture broad-band network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01629.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., Dawson, P., and Bond, T., 2002, Identifying elements of the plumbing system beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from the source locations of very-long-period signals: Geophysical Journal International, v. 148, no. 2, p. 303-312, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01629.x.","startPage":"303","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478640,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01629.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01629.x"},{"id":233101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a384ce4b0c8380cd61502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bond, T.","contributorId":19336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024503,"text":"70024503 - 2002 - The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:23:19.48429","indexId":"70024503","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Deformation associated with an earthquake swarm on 12 September 1999 in the Upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano was recorded by continuous GPS receivers and by borehole tiltmeters. Analyses of campaign GPS, leveling data, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the ERS-2 satellite also reveal significant deformation from the swarm. We interpret the swarm as resulting from a dike intrusion and model the deformation field using a constant pressure dike source. Nonlinear inversion was used to find the model that best fits the data. The optimal dike is located beneath and slightly to the west of Mauna Ulu, dips steeply toward the south, and strikes nearly east-west. It is approximately 3 by 2 km across and was driven by a pressure of ∼15 MPa. The total volume of the dike was 3.3 × 106 m3. Tilt data indicate a west to east propagation direction. Lack of premonitory inflation of Kilauea's summit suggests a passive intrusion; that is, the immediate cause of the intrusion was probably tensile failure in the shallow crust of the Upper East Rift Zone brought about by persistent deep rifting and by continued seaward sliding of Kilauea's south flank.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000602","usgsCitation":"Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Amelung, F., Garbeil, H., Meertens, C., Owen, S., Mikijus, A., and Lisowski, M., 2002, The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B7, p. ECV 3-1-ECV 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000602.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 3-1","endPage":"ECV 3-13","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.35766601562497,\n 19.283924564443133\n ],\n [\n -155.10498046875,\n 19.283924564443133\n ],\n [\n -155.10498046875,\n 19.480834276134903\n ],\n [\n -155.35766601562497,\n 19.480834276134903\n ],\n [\n -155.35766601562497,\n 19.283924564443133\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba615e4b08c986b320e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amelung, F.","contributorId":106268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbeil, H.","contributorId":103023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbeil","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meertens, C.","contributorId":30002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meertens","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024171,"text":"70024171 - 2002 - Distinguishing palagonitized from pedogenically-altered basaltic Hawaiian tephra: Mineralogical and geochemical criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T10:29:59","indexId":"70024171","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing palagonitized from pedogenically-altered basaltic Hawaiian tephra: Mineralogical and geochemical criteria","docAbstract":"Palagonitization is a common, but imperfectly defined process that greatly modifies the physical and chemical properties of glassy basaltic tephra deposited in subaquatic/subglacial environments on Earth and perhaps Mars. It also results in textures and mineralogies that are distinct from other forms of (mainly pedogenic) low temperature alteration. Specifically, the process of palagonitization (1) initially results in the formation of 'palaginitized glass', a quasi- or nano-crystalline, rind-like material that contains smectite, as well as lesser amounts of other clays (e.g. serpentine), and (2) eventually results in consolidation of tephra, mediated through the accretion of palagonitized glass and later- formed authigenic cements. Conversely, pedogenic weathering of glassy basaltic tephra is characterized by disaggregation of tephra, and formation of a wide range of pedogenic products, including layer silicates (although not primarily smectite), short-range-order aluminosilicates and oxyhydroxides, whose composition reflects the intensity of the weathering environment. These mineralogical and textural properties can be readily recognized through a variety of techniques including electron microscopy/microprobe analysis, reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and soil chemistry. Analyses of samples collected from the summit regions of Kilauea and Mauna Kea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii are presented here in order to illustrate differences between palagonitization and pedogenic weathering of glassy basaltic tephra. In the young Hawaiian tephras studied, palagonitization has occurred in response to hydrothermal activity shortly after deposition. Although some, non-hydrothermally affected tephras may eventually become palagonitized, those that have been strongly desilicated by intense pedogenic weathering will probably never become palagonitized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.20","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Schiffmant, P., Southard, R., Eberl, D.D., and Bishop, J., 2002, Distinguishing palagonitized from pedogenically-altered basaltic Hawaiian tephra: Mineralogical and geochemical criteria: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 202, p. 393-405, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.20.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0251e4b0c8380cd4ffd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffmant, Peter","contributorId":51016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffmant","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southard, R.J.","contributorId":83703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024422,"text":"70024422 - 2002 - Sun photometer and lidar measurements of the plume from the Hawaii Kilauea Volcano Pu'u O'o vent: Aerosol flux and SO2 lifetime","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T15:49:26.811154","indexId":"70024422","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sun photometer and lidar measurements of the plume from the Hawaii Kilauea Volcano Pu'u O'o vent: Aerosol flux and SO2 lifetime","docAbstract":"Aerosol optical depths and lidar measurements were obtained under the plume of Hawaii Kilauea Volcano on August 17, 2001, ∼9 km downwind from the erupting Pu'u O'o vent. Measured aerosol optical depths (at 500 nm) were between 0.2–0.4. Aerosol size distributions inverted from the spectral sun photometer measurements suggest the volcanic aerosol is present in the accumulation mode (0.1–0.5 micron diameter), which is consistent with past in situ optical counter measurements. The aerosol dry mass flux rate was calculated to be 53 Mg d−1. The estimated SO2 emission rate during the aerosol measurements was ∼1450 Mg d−1. Assuming the sulfur emissions at Pu'u O'o vent are mainly SO2 (not aerosol), this corresponds to a SO2 half-life of 6.0 hours in the atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002GL014744","usgsCitation":"Porter, J., Horton, K., Mouginis-Mark, P., Lienert, B., Sharma, S., Lau, E., Elias, T., Sutton, A.J., and Oppenheimer, C., 2002, Sun photometer and lidar measurements of the plume from the Hawaii Kilauea Volcano Pu'u O'o vent: Aerosol flux and SO2 lifetime: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 16, p. 30-1-30-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014744.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"30-1","endPage":"30-4","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl014744","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.2847957611084,\n 19.39981598238101\n ],\n [\n -155.24368286132812,\n 19.39981598238101\n ],\n [\n -155.24368286132812,\n 19.432033891986865\n ],\n [\n -155.2847957611084,\n 19.432033891986865\n ],\n [\n -155.2847957611084,\n 19.39981598238101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f48e4b08c986b31e47f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, J.N.","contributorId":66060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, K.A.","contributorId":43167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, P. J.","contributorId":41086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienert, B.","contributorId":46841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienert","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharma, S.K.","contributorId":45582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lau, E.","contributorId":24652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lau","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Oppenheimer, C.","contributorId":69767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70024379,"text":"70024379 - 2002 - Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T11:46:48.951238","indexId":"70024379","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","docAbstract":"Seismic antennas constitute a powerful tool for the analysis of complex wave fields. Well-designed antennas can identify and separate components of a complex wave field based on their distinct propagation properties. The combination of several antennas provides the basis for a more complete understanding of volcanic wave fields, including an estimate of the location of each individual wave-field component identified simultaneously by at least two antennas. We used frequency-slowness analyses of data from three antennas to identify and locate the different components contributing to the wave fields recorded at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in February 1997. The wave-field components identified are (1) a sustained background volcanic tremor in the form of body waves generated in a shallow hydrothermal system located below the northeastern edge of the Halemaumau pit crater; (2) surface waves generated along the path between this hydrothermal source and the antennas; (3) back-scattered surface wave energy from a shallow reflector located near the southeastern rim of Kilauea caldera; (4) evidence for diffracted wave components originating at the southeastern edge of Halemaumau; and (5) body waves reflecting the activation of a deeper tremor source between 02 hr 00 min and 16 hr 00 min Hawaii Standard Time on 11 February.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020037","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., Dawson, P., and Huber, C.G., 2002, Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2333-2351, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020037.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2351","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29415130615234,\n 19.392772523819033\n ],\n [\n -155.23372650146484,\n 19.392772523819033\n ],\n [\n -155.23372650146484,\n 19.441665644565774\n ],\n [\n -155.29415130615234,\n 19.441665644565774\n ],\n [\n -155.29415130615234,\n 19.392772523819033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5089e4b0c8380cd6b75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huber, Caleb G.","contributorId":48823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024478,"text":"70024478 - 2002 - Gas geochemistry of the Valles caldera region, New Mexico and comparisons with gases at Yellowstone, Long Valley and other geothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024478","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas geochemistry of the Valles caldera region, New Mexico and comparisons with gases at Yellowstone, Long Valley and other geothermal systems","docAbstract":"Noncondensible gases from hot springs, fumaroles, and deep wells within the Valles caldera geothermal system (210-300??C) consist of roughly 98.5 mo1% CO2, 0.5 mol% H2S, and 1 mol% other components. 3He/4He ratios indicate a deep magmatic source (R/Ra up to 6) whereas ??13C-CO2 values (-3 to -5???) do not discriminate between a mantle/magmatic source and a source from subjacent, hydrothermally altered Paleozoic carbonate rocks. Regional gases from sites within a 50-km radius beyond Valles caldera are relatively enriched in CO2 and He, but depleted in H2S compared to Valles gases. Regional gases have R/Ra values ???1.2 due to more interaction with the crust and/or less contribution from the mantle. Carbon sources for regional CO2 are varied. During 1982-1998, repeat analyses of gases from intracaldera sites at Sulphur Springs showed relatively constant CH4, H2, and H2S contents. The only exception was gas from Footbath Spring (1987-1993), which experienced increases in these three components during drilling and testing of scientific wells VC-2a and VC-2b. Present-day Valles gases contain substantially less N2 than fluid inclusion gases trapped in deep, early-stage, post-caldera vein minerals. This suggests that the long-lived Valles hydrothermal system (ca. 1 Myr) has depleted subsurface Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of nitrogen. When compared with gases from many other geothermal systems, Valles caldera gases are relatively enriched in He but depleted in CH4, N2 and Ar. In this respect, Valles gases resemble end-member hydrothermal and magmatic gases discharged at hot spots (Galapagos, Kilauea, and Yellowstone). Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00222-6","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Goff, F., and Janik, C.J., 2002, Gas geochemistry of the Valles caldera region, New Mexico and comparisons with gases at Yellowstone, Long Valley and other geothermal systems: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 299-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00222-6.","startPage":"299","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207971,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00222-6"},{"id":233299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14cbe4b0c8380cd54b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}