Connecticut has a diverse, largely forested landscape characterized by hills and low mountains in the Western Upland, hills in the Eastern Upland, ridges and broad valleys in the Central Lowland, and many beaches and harbors along the coast of Long Island Sound. Connecticut is manufacturing and service focused, ranking almost highest among the 50 States in the United States in personal income per capita. Due to Connecticut’s dense population, many people, especially the approximately 60 percent living near the coast, may be affected by climate-driven disasters. High-quality elevation data can inform the activities of many nongovernmental organizations and municipal and academic entities statewide, resulting in substantial economic impact. Government at the State and local levels relies on these data to support regulatory permitting, resource and infrastructure management, and various engineering and planning-level analyses. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Connecticut. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Connecticut is shown. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $4.40 million in new benefits annually to the State. The top 10 Connecticut business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253030","usgsCitation":"Harrington, L.E., and Walters, D.H., 2025, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Connecticut's economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3030, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253030.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-168624","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486450,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3030/images/"},{"id":486449,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3030/fs20253030.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2025-3030 XML"},{"id":486448,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"For endangered shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), the ability to estimate and monitor population size is critical for tracking species’ recovery. Yet, contemporary abundance estimates have not been completed for many shortnose sturgeon populations, largely owing to the difficulty in using traditional abundance estimators for sturgeons. Here, we estimate the adult shortnose sturgeon population size of the Hudson River, NY by integrating data from two largely passive sampling methods – acoustic telemetry and side-scan sonar – into a Bayesian hierarchical model of abundance. We estimated the adult abundance to be 69,798 individuals (95% CI = 9,207-185,666), making the Hudson River the largest extant shortnose sturgeon population. Despite this, the population remains vulnerable to localized disturbances, as over 40% of the population congregated in a small overwintering habitat that coincides with an area of high anthropogenic activity. Accordingly, recurrent demographic surveys may be beneficial for gaining insight into the relative effects of anthropogenic and naturally stochastic processes shaping shortnose sturgeon demography. Our modeling framework provides a relatively low-cost alternative for future demographic monitoring of species of conservation concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2024-0395","usgsCitation":"Higgs, A., White, S.L., Madsen, J., Kazyak, D.C., Fox, D., Pendleton, R., Bonemery, A., Smolinski, T., Simmonds, A., and Sullivan, P., 2025, Combining acoustic telemetry and side-scan sonar to estimate abundance of endangered shortnose sturgeon in the Hudson River, New York: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2024-0395.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-173509","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493294,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2024-0395","text":"Publisher Index 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonemery, Adam","contributorId":351166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonemery","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":83929,"text":"Cornell University/NY Dept. of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smolinski, Tomasz","contributorId":356810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smolinski","given":"Tomasz","affiliations":[{"id":85239,"text":"Delware State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Simmonds, Amanda","contributorId":351168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmonds","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":83929,"text":"Cornell University/NY Dept. of Environmental 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volcanism occurs in intraplate settings along the outer rise of subducting plates. Here we present evidence for petit-spot type of volcanism from multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data from the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT). It is the first report of such volcanism in the Atlantic basin. Up to 34 possible petit-spot volcanic cones are mapped in the eastern section of the PRT, with an average diameter of 950 m and a mean height of 92 m. The seamounts are in a region of the PRT that has the longest and highest bending faults, up to 50.6 km long and 1.49 km high. Some of the volcanic cones are associated with fault scarps. The larger bending fault scarps in the region of the volcanic cones suggest the stress state in the eastern PRT is favorable for allowing asthenospheric melt to escape to the surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024GL114362","usgsCitation":"Harmon, N., Danforth, W.W., ten Brink, U.S., Canales, J.P., Han, S., Vanacore, E., Granja-Bruna, J., Baldwin, W.E., Ackerman, S.D., Moser, L., and Sokolkova, E., 2025, Evidence for petit-spot volcanism in the Puerto Rico Trench: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 52, no. 10, e2024GL114362, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114362.","productDescription":"e2024GL114362, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176676","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114362","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico Trench","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.21055429066269,\n 19.249247418941295\n ],\n [\n -67.21055429066269,\n 18.36287066782539\n ],\n [\n -65.10592830934482,\n 18.36287066782539\n ],\n [\n -65.10592830934482,\n 19.249247418941295\n ],\n [\n -67.21055429066269,\n 19.249247418941295\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmon, Nicholas","contributorId":360995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":201741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canales, J. 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To understand the migratory movements of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) originating from a demographically closed population in Arizona, USA, we deployed GPS transmitters on 24 juveniles and 2 nonbreeding adult eagles between 2017 and 2023. We identified common migration routes, stopover locations, and migration phenology. Eagles moved north from Arizona during the population's post-breeding period in the boreal spring and summer, and returned south in autumn in advance of the breeding season. Eagles migrated along two primary routes: (1) along the Wasatch Mountains in Utah and extending into the Rocky Mountains of southern Idaho, and (2) through eastern Nevada and along the Rocky Mountains in western and northern Idaho. Stopover locations were frequently near lakes and rivers. Recent fledglings began migration later than older individuals and 15 of 16 of these juveniles that survived until the following breeding season returned to Arizona. The individual that did not return showed evidence of permanent emigration to northern California. Our results contribute to a growing understanding of avian migration routes within the Pacific Flyway and the diverse migration strategies, including northward migration following the breeding season, exhibited across raptor populations. We highlight that explicit studies of juveniles, subadults, and nonbreeding adults are key to understanding avian migration dynamics and identifying opportunities for conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3356/jrr2450","usgsCitation":"Cappello, C., Jacobson, K., Driscoll, J., McCarty, K., and Bauder, J.M., 2025, Northward migrations of nonbreeding Bald Eagles from Arizona, USA.: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 59, no. 3, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr2450.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-175039","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cappello, Caroline D.","contributorId":356152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cappello","given":"Caroline D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Kenneth V.","contributorId":356153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Kenneth V.","affiliations":[{"id":12922,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, James T.","contributorId":356154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"James T.","affiliations":[{"id":12922,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCarty, Kyle M.","contributorId":356155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Kyle M.","affiliations":[{"id":12922,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauder, Javan Mathias 0000-0002-2055-5324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-5324","contributorId":337814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauder","given":"Javan","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70267231,"text":"sim3535 - 2025 - Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-07T21:18:35.828937","indexId":"sim3535","displayToPublicDate":"2025-05-21T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3535","displayTitle":"Bedrock Geologic Map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-Minute Quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The bedrock geology of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Vermont and New Hampshire, consists of polydeformed Ordovician to Devonian metasedimentary, metavolcanic, and metaplutonic rocks of the Connecticut Valley trough, Bronson Hill anticlinorium (or Bronson Hill terrane), and the Central Maine terrane. Previous work in this area includes a 1:62,500-scale published map and text (1946), State geologic maps of New Hampshire (1997) and Vermont (2011), and various maps and reports presented largely as parts of field trip guidebooks. A provisional open-file map of the geology of the Vermont part of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, completed in 1997, is incorporated and revised on this map based on additional fieldwork.
This study recognizes three major structural levels from west to east and from lowest to highest: (1) autochthonous rocks of the Connecticut Valley trough; (2) allochthonous rocks of the New Hampshire sequence and Bronson Hill arc in the Monroe thrust sheet (or nappe), including the Skitchewaug nappe; and (3) allochthonous rocks of the Fall Mountain thrust sheet or nappe.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3535","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Vermont Geological Survey; and the State of New Hampshire, Department of Environmental Services, New Hampshire Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Merschat, A.J., Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., McAleer, R.J., and Armstrong, T.R., 2025, Bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3535, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3535.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 57.26 x 41.62 inches and 61.56 x 35.74 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-101604","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493775,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118580.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":486061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3535/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":486062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3535/sim3535_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3535 Sheet 1 PDF"},{"id":486063,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3535/sim3535_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"5.86 MB","description":"SIM 3535 Sheet 2 PDF"},{"id":486065,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P172BBFC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database for the bedrock geologic map of the Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-Minute Quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont, and Sullivan and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","county":"Cheshire County, Sullivan County, Windham County, Windsor County","otherGeospatial":"Bellows Falls 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.125\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 43.125\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Mailstop 926A
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
In species inhabiting stressful environments, some individuals experience negative growth in body mass during their lives, potentially influencing survival, reproduction, populations, and ecosystems. Using data from a long-term (1997–2015) study of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Massachusetts, USA, we analyzed the frequency, causes, and consequences of seasonal mass loss. Negative growth occurred in 14.8% of observations (3573 instances), with the highest prevalence during summer (June–September). Species differed markedly: 42.5% of juvenile Atlantic salmon, 24.9% of brook trout, but only 7.7% of brown trout exhibited negative growth. The likelihood of mass loss increased with size, age, and low stream flows, particularly in summer. Brook trout in the small or isolated tributaries exhibited less summer mass loss than those in the larger streams. Other factors, including temperature and population density, had minimal or inconsistent effects. Individuals experiencing negative growth, especially brook trout in summer and autumn, were less likely to be re-encountered. As we observed no association of mass loss with movement, this suggests a potential survival cost of negative body mass growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2024-0376","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Nislow, K., O’Donnell, M., Hayden, M.J., and Dubreuil, T., 2025, Negative growth in body mass of trout and salmon in a small stream network: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2024-0376.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-171146","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1807/144649","text":"External Repository"},{"id":494396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":315442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nislow, Keith","contributorId":201434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Matthew 0000-0002-9089-2377 mjodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-2377","contributorId":167315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Matthew","email":"mjodonnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayden, Michael J. 0000-0002-9010-6831","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-6831","contributorId":291388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayden","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubreuil, Todd 0000-0003-0189-4336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0189-4336","contributorId":217872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubreuil","given":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70267876,"text":"70267876 - 2025 - Independent and interactive effects of disease and methylmercury on demographic rates across multiple amphibian populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T15:01:49.004074","indexId":"70267876","displayToPublicDate":"2025-05-19T07:53:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Independent and interactive effects of disease and methylmercury on demographic rates across multiple amphibian populations","docAbstract":"Disease, alone or combined with other stressors such as habitat loss and contaminants, affects wildlife populations worldwide. However, interactions among stressors and how they affect demography and populations remain poorly understood. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd) is a sometimes-lethal pathogen linked with population declines and extirpations of amphibians globally. Laboratory evidence shows ubiquitous contaminants like methylmercury (MeHg) can reduce vigor and survival of amphibians, but population-level effects remain unclear. We used non-lethal sampling to assess how Bd and MeHg affected survival of juvenile and adult amphibians in 20 populations across the USA. Survival of several species declined with increasing Bd loads, including some species previously considered resistant to Bd (e.g., eastern newt [Notophthalmus viridescens]). Although our sampling for MeHg was less intensive than for Bd, we found MeHg can both directly reduce survival and synergistically magnify the effects of Bd infection. For a population of foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii), the estimated reduction in survival from MeHg exceeded that from Bd. Although effects varied widely among populations and species, our results help clarify the potential for synergistic effects of disease and contaminants and emphasize the complexity of identifying and quantifying the population-level effects of interactions among stressors.
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Hardin","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":939253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":216235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":939254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":939255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70268075,"text":"70268075 - 2025 - Observation of unusual neonate-clustering behavior on maternal Cambarus chasmodactylus (New River Crayfish) after molting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T14:48:34.960189","indexId":"70268075","displayToPublicDate":"2025-05-16T07:36:33","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observation of unusual neonate-clustering behavior on maternal Cambarus chasmodactylus (New River Crayfish) after molting","docAbstract":"Cambarus chasmodactylus (New River Crayfish) is one of the largest crayfish species occurring in the Appalachian Mountains and occupies a niche similar to several highly imperiled crayfishes within the same region. While conducting a controlled mesocosm study assessing the impacts of contaminants on crayfish growth, development, and reproductive status, we recorded an observation where New River Crayfish neonates clustered around the head of an untreated, reference maternal crayfish after molting. This neonate head-clustering behavior did not appear to impact the female during the 3-week period the behavior was observed. Further observations are needed to determine if this behavior occurs across other crayfish species, and if it is displayed outside of captive conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/045.032.0207","usgsCitation":"Welsh, A., Loughman, Z., Graham, Z., and Henry, P.F., 2025, Observation of unusual neonate-clustering behavior on maternal Cambarus chasmodactylus (New River Crayfish) after molting: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 32, no. 2, p. N12-N17, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.032.0207.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"N12","endPage":"N17","ipdsId":"IP-167106","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Greenbrier County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.68536018022888,\n 38.049810886378964\n ],\n [\n -80.68536018022888,\n 37.74805186626564\n ],\n [\n -80.16191482096615,\n 37.74805186626564\n ],\n [\n -80.16191482096615,\n 38.049810886378964\n ],\n [\n -80.68536018022888,\n 38.049810886378964\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Anna Marie 0009-0007-6570-0672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6570-0672","contributorId":356811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Anna Marie","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":356812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary J.","affiliations":[{"id":40096,"text":"West Liberty University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Zackary A.","contributorId":356813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Zackary A.","affiliations":[{"id":40096,"text":"West Liberty University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":940133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, Paula F. P. 0000-0002-7601-5546 phenry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-5546","contributorId":4485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Paula","email":"phenry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F. P.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":940134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70271181,"text":"70271181 - 2025 - The Hardscrabble Creek complex: A newly discovered, mostly buried, Mesoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic pluton in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-02T14:49:24.55281","indexId":"70271181","displayToPublicDate":"2025-05-14T09:44:44","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Hardscrabble Creek complex: A newly discovered, mostly buried, Mesoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic pluton in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"The origin of prolific ca. 1.4 Ga ferroan magmatism between the southwestern USA and eastern Canada is enigmatic and has been explained by various models, including extensional, mantle plume, and convergent plate-margin models. Rare mafic plutons are associated with the ferroan plutons, which may help constrain their mantle source and tectonic setting. In the southwestern USA, only two such mafic plutons are known to exist. We present the first evidence for a third, mostly buried, potentially layered, mafic-ultramafic Mesoproterozoic pluton, informally referred to as the Hardscrabble Creek complex, in the central Wet Mountains of Colorado, USA. Recent geophysical data show an elliptical magnetic and gravity high spatially coincident with local gabbroic outcrops. New field and petrographic analyses of these exposed rocks reveal that they consist of ultramafic to mafic cumulates, including orthopyroxenite, olivine norite, norite, and anorthosite. High-precision U-Pb dating of zircon from orthopyroxenite and norite yield weighted mean 206Pb/238U dates of 1352.36 ± 1.60 Ma and 1352.37 ± 1.71 Ma, respectively. These dates indicate that the complex formed over a narrow timeframe, after the adjacent 1362 ± 7 Ma ferroan San Isabel Granite, and during the waning stages of the regional ca. 1.4 Ga ferroan magmatism. Whole-rock geochemistry and Nd-Sr-Pb isotope compositions of samples from the Hardscrabble Creek complex are similar to those of the San Isabel Granite, suggesting that they were derived from the same or a similar mantle source. The mineral chemistry of the samples is comparable to Proterozoic massif-type anorthosites and related mafic intrusions, indicating that the Hardscrabble Creek complex and San Isabel Granite together represent a rare anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite in the southwestern USA. The Hardscrabble Creek complex is unique because it formed ~80 m.y. after the other few mafic plutons in the southwestern USA, and it contains an ultramafic section that is absent from these plutons and rare to the AMCG suite in general. A combination of arc-like whole-rock geochemistry, chondrite uniform reservoir-like Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes, and ocean island basalt (OIB)-like zircon trace element chemistry suggests that the complex was derived from a partial melt of OIB-like mantle and interacted with metasomatically enriched lithospheric mantle. The enriched lithospheric mantle signature, combined with the long ~160 m.y. duration of magmatism in the region, is consistent with a period of protracted convergent tectonism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B37903.1","usgsCitation":"Magnin, B.P., Brake, S.S., Kuiper, Y., Mohr, M.T., and Hanson, R.E., 2025, The Hardscrabble Creek complex: A newly discovered, mostly buried, Mesoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic pluton in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA: GSA Bulletin, v. 137, no. 9-10, p. 4558-4574, https://doi.org/10.1130/B37903.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"4558","endPage":"4574","ipdsId":"IP-168096","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Wet Mountains","volume":"137","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magnin, Benjamin Patrick 0000-0001-9951-4404","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-4404","contributorId":300679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magnin","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brake, Sandra S.","contributorId":360805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brake","given":"Sandra","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17777,"text":"Indiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuiper, Yvette 0000-0002-8506-8180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-8180","contributorId":299649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuiper","given":"Yvette","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mohr, Michael T. 0009-0001-3814-6908","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3814-6908","contributorId":360807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohr","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, Richard E.","contributorId":360809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Richard","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":25471,"text":"Texas Christian University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70266649,"text":"sir20255028 - 2025 - Status of water-level altitudes and long-term and short-term water-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline (undifferentiated) and Jasper aquifers, greater Houston area, Texas, 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T14:36:40.924869","indexId":"sir20255028","displayToPublicDate":"2025-05-09T14:49:22","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5028","displayTitle":"Status of Water-Level Altitudes and Long-Term and Short-Term Water-Level Changes in the Chicot and Evangeline (Undifferentiated) and Jasper Aquifers, Greater Houston Area, Texas, 2024","title":"Status of water-level altitudes and long-term and short-term water-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline (undifferentiated) and Jasper aquifers, greater Houston area, Texas, 2024","docAbstract":"Since the early 1900s, groundwater withdrawn from the primary aquifers that compose the Gulf Coast aquifer system—the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers—has been an important source of water in the greater Houston area, Texas. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports depicting the status of water-level altitudes and water-level changes in these aquifers in the greater Houston area.
In this report, the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers are treated as a single aquifer for the purposes of providing annual assessments of regional-scale water-level altitudes and water-level changes over time. In 2024, shaded depictions of estimated water-level altitudes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers (undifferentiated) ranged from about 301 feet (ft) below the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) to about 184 ft above NAVD 88. The largest decline in water-level altitudes depicted by the 1977–2024 long-term water-level-change map was in south-central Montgomery County. In comparison, the 1990–2024 long-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines in water-level altitudes in an area northwest of The Woodlands and in an area of northern Waller County. The largest rise in water-level altitudes for 1977–2024 is depicted in an area of east-central Harris County, whereas the largest rise in water-level altitudes for 1990–2024 is depicted in an area of central Harris County. The 5-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines in several parts of the study area, but these declines are concentrated primarily in northern Fort Bend County, southwestern Harris County, and south-central Montgomery County. The largest rise for 2019–24 is depicted at a well in northern Fort Bend County. The 1-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines at a well in northern Fort Bend County and a well in west-central Harris County. The largest rise for 2023–24 is depicted at a well in east-central Fort Bend County.
In 2024, shaded depictions of estimated water-level altitudes for the Jasper aquifer ranged from about 255 ft below NAVD 88 to about 321 ft above NAVD 88. The 2000–24 long-term water-level-change map depicts the largest water-level decline in an area of central San Jacinto County; the largest rise is depicted in an area of central Grimes County. The 5-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines across parts of central and southern Montgomery County and at one well in north-central Harris County. The largest rise for 2019–24 is depicted at a well centered on the Montgomery-Grimes County line. The 1-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines at two wells in south-central Montgomery County and one well in northwestern Montgomery County on the west side of Lake Conroe. The largest rises during 2023–24 are depicted at one well in northwestern Montgomery County and one well in south-central Montgomery County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Ramage, J.K., and Adams, A.C., 2025, Status of water-level altitudes and long-term and short-term water-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline (undifferentiated) and Jasper aquifers, greater Houston area, Texas, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5028, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255028.","productDescription":"Report: v; 27 p.; 2 Data Releases; Database","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-165210","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489426,"rank":9,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5028/sir20255028.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025–5028 XML"},{"id":489425,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255028/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025–5028 HTML"},{"id":485802,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118569.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":485676,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS Database","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2024, USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database"},{"id":485675,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13NLJ7T","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Adams, A.C., and Ramage, J.K., 2024, Groundwater-level altitudes and long-term groundwater-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline (undifferentiated) and Jasper aquifers, greater Houston area, Texas, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey data release"},{"id":485668,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XXB5O","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Adams, A.C., and Ramage, J.K., 2024, Depth to groundwater measured from wells in the greater Houston area, Texas, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey data release"},{"id":485665,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5028/sir20255028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025–5028"},{"id":485664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5028/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":485667,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5028/Images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.25,\n 30.875\n ],\n [\n -96.25,\n 28.9\n ],\n [\n -94.4,\n 28.9\n ],\n [\n -94.4,\n 30.875\n ],\n [\n -96.25,\n 30.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"Wind energy is important for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions but also contributes to global bat mortality. Current strategies to minimize bat mortality due to collision with wind-turbine blades fall broadly into two categories: curtailment (limiting turbine operation during high-risk periods) and deterrence (discouraging bat activity near turbines). Recently, there has been interest in combining these strategies to achieve greater reductions in bat fatalities than either strategy might achieve in isolation. To investigate the effectiveness of combining curtailment with ultrasonic deterrent minimization strategies, we deployed six ultrasonic deterrents at nacelle height on 16 experimental turbines at Avangrid Renewables’ Blue Creek Wind Energy Facility. We rotated between four conditions (normal operations, curtailment only, deterrent only, curtailment and deterrent) randomly assigned to four wind turbines each night between 15 June and 3 October 2017. We found that bat mortality at wind turbines was independent of wind speed. The effectiveness of ultrasonic acoustic deterrents varied between high-frequency-calling species (eastern red bats) and low-frequency-calling species (hoary bats, silver-haired bats, and big brown bats). When deterrents were active, mortality was twice as high for eastern red bats compared to the control. Conversely, deterrents had a weak dampening effect on bat mortality for low-frequency species. We found no additive effects on mortality reduction for turbines operating both curtailment and deterrents compared to either approach in isolation. Our findings suggest that ultrasonic acoustic deterrents may not be effective for both high and low frequency echolocating bats. The increase in fatalities of eastern red bats is alarming and underscores the importance of considering site- and species-specific effects of minimization solutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0318451","usgsCitation":"Clerc, J., Huso, M., Schirmacher, M.R., Whitby, M.D., and Hein, C.D., 2025, Ultrasonic deterrents provide no additional benefit over curtailment in reducing bat fatalities at an Ohio wind energy facility: PLoS ONE, v. 20, no. 5, e0318451, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318451.","productDescription":"e0318451, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169209","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Paulding County, Van Wert County","otherGeospatial":"Blue Creek Wind Energy Facility","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.7984601140799,\n 41.01667721426381\n ],\n [\n -84.79663300607753,\n 40.89732795018247\n ],\n [\n -84.50522800681905,\n 40.89802092865145\n ],\n [\n -84.50431462783759,\n 41.0173716521324\n ],\n [\n -84.7984601140799,\n 41.01667721426381\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clerc, Jeffrey 0000-0002-3331-9507","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-9507","contributorId":348189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clerc","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":33782,"text":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huso, Manuela 0000-0003-4687-6625 mhuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6625","contributorId":223969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huso","given":"Manuela","email":"mhuso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schirmacher, Michael R.","contributorId":76635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schirmacher","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12591,"text":"Bat Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitby, Michael D. 0000-0002-0694-3830","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-3830","contributorId":345180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitby","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":82508,"text":"Bat Conservation International, 500 N Capital of Texas Highway, Austin, TX, 78746 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hein, Cris D.","contributorId":73910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hein","given":"Cris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12591,"text":"Bat Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70267504,"text":"70267504 - 2025 - Native Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri growth and survival in a headwater stream primarily driven by warming stream temperatures, with non-native brown trout Salmo trutta posing an additional threat to survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T14:07:20.114056","indexId":"70267504","displayToPublicDate":"2025-05-06T09:01:23","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Native Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri growth and survival in a headwater stream primarily driven by warming stream temperatures, with non-native brown trout Salmo trutta posing an additional threat to survival","title":"Native Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri growth and survival in a headwater stream primarily driven by warming stream temperatures, with non-native brown trout Salmo trutta posing an additional threat to survival","docAbstract":"Warming rivers and interactions with non-native species impact salmonid species globally. Understanding how hydroclimatic conditions synergistically and independently interact with non-native species is critical for effectively managing salmonids into the future. We used a 10-year mark–recapture dataset to assess how native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri and non-native brown trout Salmo trutta growth rates and apparent survival were affected by hydroclimatic conditions and (for YCT) the presence of brown trout in a tributary. Growth (YCT) and survival (both species across size classes) were negatively related to warming stream temperatures. Brown trout growth was positively related to increasing daily streamflow variability (a proxy for streamflow), but this variable was not included in the top YCT growth model. Density-dependent effects appeared to be non-existent (growth) or weakly positive (survival). When sympatric with brown trout, YCT displayed worse survival than allopatric YCT across environmental conditions. Broadly, we found native and non-native trout respond to different hydroclimatic conditions that shift with changing climatic conditions, and brown trout represent an additional threat to YCT survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2024-0211","usgsCitation":"Heinle, K., Al-Chokhachy, R., Sepulveda, A., and Verhille, C.E., 2025, Native Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri growth and survival in a headwater stream primarily driven by warming stream temperatures, with non-native brown trout Salmo trutta posing an additional threat to survival: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2024-0211.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-168237","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1WUVM5S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Trout mark-recapture and stream temperature and streamflow data from Duck Creek, Montana"},{"id":486636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"East Fork Duck Creek, Henry Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.38754194568855,\n 45.95593917254632\n ],\n [\n -110.38754194568855,\n 45.80046830120395\n ],\n [\n -110.17467211725662,\n 45.80046830120395\n ],\n [\n -110.17467211725662,\n 45.95593917254632\n ],\n [\n -110.38754194568855,\n 45.95593917254632\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinle, Kadie B.","contributorId":355955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinle","given":"Kadie B.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert 0000-0002-2136-5098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":222450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":4187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verhille, Christine E.","contributorId":174642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verhille","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. 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However, easement programs are increasingly used to protect and restore wetlands and revitalize biodiversity. Short-term responses (i.e., 1–5 years) of birds to wetland restorations are well-documented, but long-term trends are less understood. We surveyed wetland easements in Iowa during 2007–2009 and 2022–2023 to assess changes in breeding bird communities and occupancy for conservation-priority species. We conducted bird point counts and vegetation surveys at 55 wetland easements. We used species accumulation curves to estimate overall breeding bird richness by guild, and site-occupancy models to estimate occupancy for 20 conservation-priority species. Species richness remained stable between time periods, but community composition shifted, with fewer grassland and more forest bird species despite no change in woody vegetation cover estimates (2007–2009: 3.2%, standard deviation [SD] = 5.9; 2022–2023: 3.1%, SD = 3.8). Occupancy for most species at wetland easements remained stable over time; however, 4 species declined (e.g., Cistothorus stellaris [Sedge Wren]). Six grassland bird species (e.g., Sturnella magna [Eastern Meadowlark]) exhibited positive or stable occupancy trends. Forest-dependent species generally maintained or increased in occupancy (e.g., Icterus galbula [Baltimore Oriole]). Increased forest bird richness despite stable woody vegetation cover may indicate changing structural characteristics as existing forests mature, whereas management to control woody encroachment at wetland easements may explain our observations of stable forest bird occupancy. Wetland easements may be strongholds for some grassland bird species, which are in precipitous decline across North America. Our study highlights the importance of wetland easements in an agricultural landscape to breeding bird communities and emphasizes the value of continued monitoring to track changes over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duaf034","usgsCitation":"Gapinski, L.A., Kinkead, K.E., Janke, A.K., Dinsmore, S.J., Bishop, T., and Tucker, A.M., 2025, Stable occupancy of conservation-priority birds amid community shifts across 16 years on Iowa wetland easements: Ornithological Applications, v. 127, no. 3, duaf034, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duaf034.","productDescription":"duaf034, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169149","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duaf034","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.75770786982824,\n 43.54695571723664\n ],\n [\n -95.75770786982824,\n 40.01246322199273\n ],\n [\n -91.52690414553632,\n 40.01246322199273\n ],\n [\n -91.52690414553632,\n 43.54695571723664\n ],\n [\n -95.75770786982824,\n 43.54695571723664\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gapinski, Lindsey A.W.","contributorId":364117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gapinski","given":"Lindsey","middleInitial":"A.W.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinkead, Karen E.","contributorId":364120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinkead","given":"Karen","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24495,"text":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janke, Adam K.","contributorId":364123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janke","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinsmore, Stephen J.","contributorId":364126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"Stephen","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24495,"text":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bishop, Todd","contributorId":364129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":24495,"text":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tucker, Anna Maureen 0000-0002-1473-2048 amtucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-2048","contributorId":257906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Anna","email":"amtucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Maureen","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":952245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70266226,"text":"sir20255034 - 2025 - Nonstationary flood frequency analysis using regression in the north-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T17:26:06.410356","indexId":"sir20255034","displayToPublicDate":"2025-05-02T08:02:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5034","displayTitle":"Nonstationary Flood Frequency Analysis Using Regression in the North-Central United States","title":"Nonstationary flood frequency analysis using regression in the north-central United States","docAbstract":"Traditional flood frequency methods assume that the statistical properties of peak streamflow do not change with time and may not be appropriate for many areas in the north-central United States. This study examines a nonstationary flood frequency analysis method that uses ordinary least squares linear regression to estimate flood magnitudes at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages that exhibit trends and change points in a nine-State region including Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Michigan. Additionally, an extension of this method is introduced, which enables nonstationary flood frequency based on a statistical relation with a stochastic climate predictor.
Estimates of the 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood using regression equations to adjust for conditions in 2020 were computed at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across the study area. Regression equations used either a time index or a climate variable as the explanatory variable for changes in peak streamflow. Of 153 candidate streamgages, the assumptions of time-adjusted analyses were met at 137 streamgages. Climate-adjusted flood frequency analyses were applicable at 98 streamgages based on annual precipitation, annual temperature, or annual snowfall. Time- and climate-adjusted methods produced similar estimates of the 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood magnitude at streamgages where both methods were applicable. Nonstationary estimates of the 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood were primarily greater than stationary estimates in eastern North and South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and parts of Missouri and less than stationary estimates in Montana, western North and South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The largest differences between stationary and nonstationary flood estimates were in North and South Dakota and Minnesota.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Transportation, Iowa Department of Transportation, Michigan Department of Transportation, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Missouri Department of Transportation, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, North Dakota Department of Water Resources, South Dakota Department of Transportation, and Wisconsin Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Levin, S.B., 2025, Nonstationary flood frequency analysis using regression in the north-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5034, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255034.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 33 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-168081","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112
No abstract available.
The Appalachian-Interior-Northeast Mesic Forest ecosystem, historically buffered by cool, moist conditions, may experience significant stress under future climate change, particularly due to intensifying droughts and milder winters in the midwestern United States. Droughts are expected to intensify in frequency and severity, depleting soil moisture, increasing tree mortality, and reshaping species composition. Increasing aridity and disrupted hydrologic cycles will likely accelerate soil erosion, deplete nutrients, and heighten wildfire risk. Meanwhile, milder winters may reduce snowpack insulation, increase freeze-thaw cycles, and alter growing seasons, potentially amplifying cold stress, disrupting phenology, and contributing to shifts in habitat structure and community composition. While easing winter severity may temporarily boost plant productivity and facilitate species migration into and throughout the Midwest, it can also increase the risk of frost damage for early-leafing trees and disrupt ecological relationships, such as plant-pollinator interactions.
Together, these stressors may drive fundamental shifts in habitat structure and community composition, favoring drought-, fire-, and cold-tolerant species, while historically dominant, moisture-dependent species decline. Species with limited drought resistance, such as those with shallow roots or low water-use efficiency, may be especially vulnerable, while drought-adapted taxa could gain a competitive advantage. This shift could trigger a departure from over a century of mesophication in the Appalachian-Interior-Northeast Mesic Forest, which has favored shade-loving, moisture-dependent species in fire-suppressed landscapes. As a result, these forests may be particularly ill-equipped to withstand the novel environmental conditions imposed by intensifying droughts and milder winters. The Appalachian-Northeast Mesic Forest habitat group, dominated by eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), is likely particularly vulnerable, as both dominant species are projected to decline due to increasing drought stress and shifting competitive dynamics. In the North-Central Beech - Maple - Basswood Forest, the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa may be more vulnerable than more eastern portions of the habitat due to its already drier conditions, with climate change expected to push these communities beyond favorable conditions.
Species interactions, including invasive species, pests, and herbivory, are also likely to be reshaped by climate change, compounding stress on habitat groups throughout the Appalachian-Interior-Northeast Mesic Forest. Warmer winters and increased disturbance may facilitate the expansion of invasive species, which outcompete native vegetation and alter ecosystem dynamics. At the same time, pests and pathogens are likely to become more destructive, as milder winters enhance their survival and spread and drought weakens tree defenses. Additionally, rising white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations, supported by warmer winters, may shift forest regeneration patterns by selectively browsing on sensitive seedlings and saplings, limiting the recruitment of historically dominant tree species while favoring browse-resistant plants. Collectively, these pressures can drive significant and ongoing ecological transformation in the Appalachian-Interior-Northeast Mesic Forest, highlighting the need for adaptive management strategies to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem function.
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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, Marta P. 0000-0002-8117-8710 mlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-8710","contributorId":270223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Marta","email":"mlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":937285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeDee, Olivia E. 0000-0002-7791-5829 oledee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5829","contributorId":242820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeDee","given":"Olivia","email":"oledee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":937286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70268896,"text":"70268896 - 2025 - Experimental evaluation of Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) detectability in visual search surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T14:28:35.360554","indexId":"70268896","displayToPublicDate":"2025-04-30T09:09:59","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental evaluation of Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) detectability in visual search surveys","docAbstract":"Understanding how detection probability varies over time, space, or in response to measurable covariates is important to inform the monitoring and assessment of many species. A standard model to understand detectability, the availability/perception model, admits that detection probability is the composite of two components: availability and ability of surveyors to detect the target. Availability is largely affected by environmental and behavioral factors, whereas perception is primarily affected by attributes of individual observers and survey protocols, and thus can potentially be partially controlled by survey design. We designed and implemented a field study to understand the perception component of detection for Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) using visual encounter surveys. We obtained and deployed museum specimens of Eastern Box Turtle shells and subjected them to visual search surveys by observers in realistic field situations. Overall, about 50% of the box turtle shells were detected by observers, including 41.5% in what we categorized as partially visible and 63.0% as fully visible. There were significant differences among observers, which may be due to observer-specific variation in search technique; the observers varied in how well they achieved the protocol guidance. Therefore, in visual search surveys, care in study design and analysis should be taken to account for variation in perception to determine detectability, as our study suggests 37% of perceptible targets are missed by surveyors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Heinle, W., Beswick, N., Wapman, E., and Royle, A., 2025, Experimental evaluation of Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) detectability in visual search surveys: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 82-93.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-160033","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":491993,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol20_issue1.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Research Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.809722,\n 39.050556\n ],\n [\n -76.809722,\n 39.047222\n ],\n [\n -76.805556,\n 39.047222\n ],\n [\n -76.805556,\n 39.050556\n ],\n [\n -76.809722,\n 39.050556\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinle, William","contributorId":357763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinle","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":85554,"text":"Dept. of Biology, Univ. Richmond","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beswick, Noelle","contributorId":357764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beswick","given":"Noelle","affiliations":[{"id":85555,"text":"Dept. of Biology, University of Richmond","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wapman, Emily","contributorId":357765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wapman","given":"Emily","affiliations":[{"id":16936,"text":"University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70266082,"text":"70266082 - 2025 - Additional common milkweed would help Canada meet its share of the trinational eastern migratory monarch butterfly recovery target","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T14:58:37.413649","indexId":"70266082","displayToPublicDate":"2025-04-23T09:52:19","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16690,"text":"Facets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Additional common milkweed would help Canada meet its share of the trinational eastern migratory monarch butterfly recovery target","docAbstract":"The eastern migratory monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population has declined by ∼84% between 1993 and 2024. Population recovery in the Midwestern United States is limited by the availability of the monarch's main host plant for egg laying—common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). The extent to which common milkweed availability is limiting in other breeding regions is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether Canada has enough common milkweed to support its share of the trinational eastern migratory monarch population recovery target, given ∼29 stems of common milkweed are needed to contribute one adult monarch into the fall migratory population. To meet this objective, we estimated the number of common milkweed stems in Canada using published common milkweed availability estimates by land cover type. We also estimated the size of the Canadian monarch population if the recovery target was achieved using published estimates of wintering monarch density in Mexico, fall migration survival rates, and the relative proportion of monarchs entering fall migration from Canada. We estimate that Canada currently has 484 million common milkweed stems (range: 111 million–1 billion stems) and increasing this amount by 1.61 times (i.e., by ∼295 million stems), or equivalently, by 61%, would support the recovery target.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/facets-2024-0063","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, G.W., Kirby, P., Duffe, J., Fahrig, L., Girard, J., Johnston, M., Larrivee, M., Martin, A., Momeni-Dehaghi, I., Pasher, J., Rezek, E., Shapiro, E., Thogmartin, W.E., and Pouliot, D., 2025, Additional common milkweed would help Canada meet its share of the trinational eastern migratory monarch butterfly recovery target: Facets, v. 10, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2024-0063.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163947","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2024-0063","text":"Publisher Index 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Elisabeth","contributorId":353836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Elisabeth","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pouliot, Darren","contributorId":330656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pouliot","given":"Darren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78952,"text":"CCRS, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70270598,"text":"70270598 - 2025 - Growth patterns of invasive Silver Carp in the Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-22T16:00:44.612147","indexId":"70270598","displayToPublicDate":"2025-04-22T08:38:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth patterns of invasive Silver Carp in the Mississippi River basin","docAbstract":"Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are an invasive fish in the Mississippi River Basin. Their rapid expansion over recent decades coupled with extraordinary growth rates have arguably caught many by surprise. Understanding the atypical growth rates that could be the driving force behind the Silver Carp's explosive expansion may be crucial for development of management strategies. Towards this goal, I synthetized existing data on the growth and maturity patterns of Silver Carp. I compiled 62 estimates of growth representing populations of native Silver Carp in East Asia and invasive Silver Carp in the Mississippi River Basin. A remarkably rapid increase in length at earlier ages, undocumented in their ancestral range, was a defining feature of Silver Carp in the Mississippi River Basin. Some of the fastest growth rates of Silver Carp were recorded in hypereutrophic floodplain lakes and at lower latitudes. Invasive Silver Carp frequently deviated from the growth patterns established by native species as evidenced by abnormally high growth coefficients (K) in relation to asymptotic length (L∞). There is evidence of genetic differentiation between native Silver Carp and those expanding in the Mississippi River Basin possibly resulting from genetic background of introductions, genetic drift, and ecological selection. There is also limited evidence of enemy release, allowing for reallocation of energy from defenses to the rapid growth; though speculative, this is a plausible hypothesis that merits further research. This overview of the growth patterns of invasive Silver Carp underscores the need for novel strategies to mitigate the rapid generation time induced by the atypical growth patterns.
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0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":944482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlisk, Erin","contributorId":298237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conlisk","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":17734,"text":"Point Blue Conservation Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gough, Mike","contributorId":296907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gough","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64235,"text":"Conservation Biology Institute, 136 SW Washington Ave., Suite 202, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70267879,"text":"70267879 - 2025 - Stressor-driven changes in freshwater biological indicators inform spatial management strategies using expert knowledge, observational data, and hierarchical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-09T14:25:22.071785","indexId":"70267879","displayToPublicDate":"2025-04-17T07:56:29","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stressor-driven changes in freshwater biological indicators inform spatial management strategies using expert knowledge, observational data, and hierarchical models","docAbstract":"Stream ecosystems face continuous pressures from multiple anthropogenic stressors that reshape biological communities and impact ecosystem health and services. Managers can encounter challenges in stewarding ecosystems threatened by multiple stressors, in part because most multiple stressor studies are experimental and, while valuable, offer limited management relevance in targeting these stressors on the landscape. Recent advances in causal inference coupled with large biomonitoring data sets could further understanding of observational stressor-response relationships, aiding management. In this study, we use bioassessment data in the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States to identify how water quality and physical habitat stressors influence key benthic macroinvertebrate response metrics, considering hierarchical relationships using Bayesian networks. Results suggest water temperature and specific conductivity were prevalent stressors in a mountainous region (northern Appalachians), whereas in an agriculturally dominated region (southern Appalachians) physical habitat alterations were the predominant stressor. In mixed-land use regions (Piedmont & Coastal Plains), specific conductivity was a key stressor, but habitat heterogeneity was important for macroinvertebrate metrics. To illustrate how these stressor-response relationships can be used to guide management decisions, we applied the resist-accept-direct (RAD) framework to develop a portfolio of management options based on predicted changes in macroinvertebrate metrics in response to physical habitat and water quality stressors. For example, accepting changes in areas with co-occurring stressors may be the most feasible option, whereas directing changes through stream restoration or water quality improvements may be effective in areas with single stressor groups. By leveraging observational bioassessment data and causal inference to identify key stressor-response relationships, this research supports decision making by building a simple, strategic management portfolio.
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Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":939260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":939261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woods, Taylor 0000-0002-6277-1260","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-1260","contributorId":304097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Taylor","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":939262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":939263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70265700,"text":"sir20255003 - 2025 - Estimation of baseflow and flooding characteristics for East Canyon Creek, Summit and Morgan Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-07T20:57:16.247704","indexId":"sir20255003","displayToPublicDate":"2025-04-16T07:09:29","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5003","displayTitle":"Estimation of Baseflow and Flooding Characteristics for East Canyon Creek, Summit and Morgan Counties, Utah","title":"Estimation of baseflow and flooding characteristics for East Canyon Creek, Summit and Morgan Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"An improved understanding of hydrologic responses to changing climatic conditions is needed to better inform water management practices. East Canyon Creek, a perennial, snowmelt-dominated stream in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, is subjected to increasing development and demands on water in the Snyderville Basin and adjacent areas. In this study, streamflow and specific conductance measured at three U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on East Canyon Creek were used to estimate daily baseflow for water years 2011–22. Trends in these estimates and correlations with climate data from two Natural Resource Conservation Service snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations within the Snyderville Basin above East Canyon Reservoir, were quantified and reported. Peak annual streamflow also was assessed for flood potential on the study reach of East Canyon Creek. The hydrograph separations showed consistent baseflow indices among all sites, with a larger baseflow component during the fall–spring period (September–April; baseflow indices approximately equal to [≈] 0.751–0.835) and smaller component during the summer period (May–August; baseflow indices ≈ 0.428–0.532). In-stream specific conductance during spring (February–April) was influenced by road salt application, limiting the utility of the hydrograph separation approach. Annual streamflow and climate data were evaluated for trends using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test, with inconclusive results. Related tests for trends, the Seasonal and Regional Kendall tests, were used to evaluate data at monthly timesteps and indicated a decreasing trend in total streamflow and baseflow at all streamgages. The rank-based Kendall’s tau test for correlation was used to measure the ordinal association with climatic data at co-located SNOTEL stations. Total streamflow and baseflow were strongly correlated with precipitation and snow-water equivalent. By incorporating a predictive regression model, the nonparametric Theil–Sen line, these correlations could support the development of streamflow forecast models using climate data from SNOTEL stations. Such models would provide water managers with tools to help make proactive decisions, such as reservoir or water reclamation releases and curtailment of withdrawals, in response to regional drought or varying snowpack and spring runoff in a given year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Snyderville Basin Water Reclamation District","usgsCitation":"Root, J.C., and Rumsey, C.A., 2025, Estimation of baseflow and flooding characteristics for East Canyon Creek, Summit and Morgan Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5003, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255003.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-162488","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493759,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118539.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":484540,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14SJDMX","text":"USGS data release","description":"Root, J.C., 2025, Baseflow estimation and trend and correlation analysis results for East Canyon Creek, Summit and Morgan Counties, Utah, 2010–2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P14SJDMX.","linkHelpText":"Baseflow estimation and trend and correlation analysis results for East Canyon Creek, Summit and Morgan Counties, Utah, 2010–2022"},{"id":484539,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5003/images"},{"id":484538,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5003/sir20255003.XML","description":"SIR 2025-5003 XML"},{"id":484537,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255003/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5003 HTML"},{"id":484536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5003/sir20255003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5003 PDF"},{"id":484535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5003/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Morgan County, Summit County","otherGeospatial":"East Canyon Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.85739630382633,\n 41.2514958778022\n ],\n [\n -111.85739630382633,\n 40.5798335667547\n ],\n [\n -110.91729451616551,\n 40.5798335667547\n ],\n [\n -110.91729451616551,\n 41.2514958778022\n ],\n [\n -111.85739630382633,\n 41.2514958778022\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Utah Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2329 West Orton Circle
Salt Lake City, Utah 84119-2047
Nitrogen transported along groundwater flow paths in coastal aquifers can contribute substantially to nitrogen loading into surface water receptors, particularly in hydrologic systems dominated by groundwater discharge. Nitrogen entrained in the aquifer is a function of land use and associated nitrogen sources at the time of groundwater recharge, which may differ considerably from present-day sources. Legacy nitrogen can result in substantial discrepancies between observed present-day nitrogen loading to surface water receptors and loading estimated from present-day sources. Additionally, legacy nitrogen can continue to discharge into surface waters after nitrogen mitigation actions have been undertaken. Here, we use a numerical modeling framework to compare three methods of estimating time-varying historical nitrogen loads to four water bodies (receptors) on eastern Long Island, New York. The methods span a range of data requirements and process complexity, from instantaneous receptor loads calculated from steady-state groundwater contributing areas, to transient loads estimated by explicitly simulating legacy groundwater nitrogen transport over a century with large changes in nitrogen sources and hydrologic conditions. The effects of legacy nitrogen on estimated receptor loads varied temporally and spatially within the study area. Depending on antecedent nitrogen inputs and hydrologic conditions, historical annual nitrogen loads estimated from transient simulations accounting for legacy nitrogen can be quite similar (<10% difference) or substantially different (±100%) from those estimated from simpler instantaneous methods. Continued input of present-day nitrogen sources using methods that account for legacy nitrogen results in asymptotic increases in receptor nitrogen loads over time, indicating that simulated present-day receptor nitrogen loads are not in equilibrium with present-day inputs. For these receptors in disequilibrium, models simulating transient groundwater nitrogen transport could be used to account for legacy nitrogen lag times to help resource managers evaluate the potential effectiveness of proposed nitrogen mitigation actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"EarthArXiv","doi":"10.31223/X56Q8J","usgsCitation":"Jahn, K., and Walter, D.A., 2025, Assessing legacy nitrogen in groundwater using numerical models of the Long Island aquifer system, New York: EarthArXiv, https://doi.org/10.31223/X56Q8J.","productDescription":"38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170367","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jahn, Kalle 0000-0002-4976-0137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-0137","contributorId":333053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahn","given":"Kalle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70265672,"text":"ofr20251009 - 2025 - Data gap analysis for estimation of agricultural return flows in the Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-07T20:53:05.2169","indexId":"ofr20251009","displayToPublicDate":"2025-04-14T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-1009","displayTitle":"Data Gap Analysis for Estimation of Agricultural Return Flows in the Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","title":"Data gap analysis for estimation of agricultural return flows in the Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Gunnison River and many tributaries in the Upper Gunnison River Basin provide water to irrigate agricultural crops. The application of irrigation water can recharge some aquifers locally by water percolating below the root zone and eventually flowing back to the stream or river through the subsurface. Diverting surface water for irrigation reduces streamflow during the irrigation season but can provide temporary storage of water and supplement streamflow after the snowmelt runoff season. Understanding the timing and quantity of agricultural return flows could help resource managers make informed decisions and adapt to potential changes in water management and availability that could affect irrigation practices. In 2024, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, began a study to characterize agricultural return flows in the Upper Gunnison River Basin by using endmember mixing analysis and developing a groundwater model. Both approaches require data from multiple sources, but data gaps exist in the East River study reach and other reaches of interest (Ohio Creek, Tomichi Creek, and Cochetopa Creek). The East River Basin, which is the initial focus of the study, has fewer data gaps than the other basins. Data gaps could be addressed by installing additional surface water and groundwater monitoring sites, making regular streamflow measurements on tributaries, and completing tests to characterize local aquifer properties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Gidley, R.G., Miller, Q.M., and Belcher, W.R., 2025, Data gap analysis for estimation of agricultural return flows in the Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025-1009, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251009.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-170914","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1009/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":493755,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118526.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":484572,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251009/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2025-1009"},{"id":484516,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1009/ofr20251009.xml"},{"id":484515,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1009/images"},{"id":484478,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS data base","linkHelpText":"USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database"},{"id":484477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1009/ofr20251009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025-1009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gunnison River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.5,\n 38.9167\n ],\n [\n -107.0833,\n 38.9167\n ],\n [\n -107.0833,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 38.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225