Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is a commercially valuable groundfish species in Alaska, with the population assessed annually by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Sablefish recruit into the commercially fished population at 2 years old and are poorly sampled by most surveys before that age. However, information on the abundance, distribution, and size of pre-recruitment age fish is valuable as an ecosystem indicator for older fish. Size and an index of growth rate of age-0 sablefish were quantified using samples from seabird diets at Middleton Island, Alaska, an island in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Age-0 sablefish information may serve as an indicator for potential recruitment into older age populations. This report (1) provides information on the data collection for age-0 sablefish from seabird diets at Middleton Island, Alaska from 1978 to 2022, (2) describes a method for quantifying age-0 sablefish size and growth rate, and (3) describes the size and growth rate of sablefish sampled over time. An annual release of age-0 sablefish size and growth data by U.S. Geological Survey based on continued collections on Middleton Island, Alaska, may be used to assess ecosystem status and as a recruitment indicator for sablefish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., and Hatch, S.A., 2023, Age-0 sablefish size and growth indices from seabird diets at Middleton Island, Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231049.","productDescription":"Report: v, 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151412","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418265,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94KVH9X","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Age-0 Sablefish size and growth indices from seabird diets at Middleton Island, Alaska"},{"id":418263,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1049/ofr20231049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1049"},{"id":418262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":418267,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1049/ofr20231049.XML"},{"id":418266,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1049/images"},{"id":418264,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231049/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1049"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.10005001165774,\n 59.77785521975687\n ],\n [\n -147.10005001165774,\n 58.9779941146154\n ],\n [\n -145.39789946473627,\n 58.9779941146154\n ],\n [\n -145.39789946473627,\n 59.77785521975687\n ],\n [\n -147.10005001165774,\n 59.77785521975687\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
This report addresses system characterization of the BlackSky Global satellites and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
The BlackSky Global satellites are three-band multispectral imagers (red, green, and blue multispectral bands plus a panchromatic band) with a 0.8- to 0.9-meter (m) pixel ground sample distance for the assessed satellites. BlackSky Global satellites 9 and 12–17 were launched in March and December 2021, respectively, into a Sun-synchronous orbit of 430–450 kilometers with an inclination of 42–53 degrees and a swath width of 6 kilometers at nadir. Each Global satellite has an expected lifetime of about 3 years. More information on the BlackSky Global satellites is available in the “Land Remote Sensing Satellites Online Compendium” (https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/apps/compendium) and from BlackSky at Real-Time Space-Based Intelligence (blacksky.com)
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior) and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that the assessed BlackSky Global satellites have an interior geometric performance in the range of −0.011 m (−0.012 pixel) to 0.007 m (0.008 pixel) in easting and −0.018 m (−0.020 pixel) to 0.012 m (0.013 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration; an exterior geometric performance using ground control points of 8.0-m circular error (95-percent certainty) for orthorectified products and 10.7- to 17.4-m circular error (95-percent certainty) for nonorthorectified products, depending on the geolocation metadata used; and a spatial performance in the range of 1.70 to 2.43 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.032 to 0.084.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030O","usgsCitation":"Vrabel, J.C., Anderson, C., Bresnahan, P.C., Christopherson, J.B., Clauson, J., Kim, M., Ryan, R.E., and Sampath, A., 2023, System characterization report on the BlackSky Global multispectral sensor (ver. 1.1, April 2024), chap. O of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030O.","productDescription":"Report: v, 23 p., Version History","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-150816","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428109,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.33 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":417822,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/ofr20211030o.XML"},{"id":417821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/ofr20211030o.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030–O"},{"id":417820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/o/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: June 6, 2023; Version 1.1: April 29, 2024","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority, evaluated the groundwater-flow characteristics and aquifer properties of the North Magee Street well field north of the village of Southampton, New York. Characteristics and properties included groundwater-flow direction, potential groundwater-contributing areas to the well field production wells, and aquifer transmissivity and storage. The groundwater flow and aquifer properties were also evaluated to allow Suffolk County Water Authority to better assess the potential source of dissolved halocarbons (refrigerants, such as chlorofluorocarbons).
The well field production wells are screened in the upper glacial aquifer and an observation well is screened in the Magothy aquifer. Based on depth and available logs, groundwater from wells screened in the upper glacial aquifer was classified as under water-table (unconfined) conditions, and groundwater from wells screened in the Magothy aquifer was classified as being under semiconfined conditions.
Groundwater flows radially to the well field during production and in a northwesterly direction under the effect of the regional flow regime. A previously published particle tracking analysis identified the following recharge contributing areas nearby the well field: (1) contributing areas to surface-water bodies of the Peconic Estuary, (2) contributing areas to surface-water bodies of the South Shore Estuary Reserve, (3) a contributing area to the Atlantic Ocean, and (4) a contributing area to another Suffolk County Water Authority well field. Five other pumping well contributing areas were identified within the study area, including those of various wells pumped for golf-course irrigation.
Analysis of drawdown and recovery data collected during the multiple-well aquifer test, through the application of a Neuman analytical model, provided estimates of upper glacial aquifer characteristics and properties. Inclusion of lateral aquifer boundaries was not necessary for the analysis to result in satisfactory matches with the observed water-level responses. Aquifer transmissivity was estimated to be 170,000 feet squared per day. Storativity was estimated to be 0.02 (dimensionless), and specific yield was estimated to be 0.08 (dimensionless), consistent with the inferred degree of confinement and well field characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Misut, P.E., 2023, Analysis of aquifer framework and properties, North Magee Street well field, Southampton, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1028, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231028.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-124210","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499775,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114761.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417746,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the nation"},{"id":417745,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/images/"},{"id":417744,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/ofr20231028.XML"},{"id":417743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231028/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1028"},{"id":417742,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/ofr20231028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1028"},{"id":417741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1028/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Southampton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.43897301957882,\n 40.91839299249426\n ],\n [\n -72.43897301957882,\n 40.87699855750361\n ],\n [\n -72.37328061868494,\n 40.87699855750361\n ],\n [\n -72.37328061868494,\n 40.91839299249426\n ],\n [\n -72.43897301957882,\n 40.91839299249426\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Groundwater wells and surface-water storm sewers contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) site in West Trenton, New Jersey were sampled in 2018 as part of the Navy’s long-term monitoring program. Trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cisDCE), and vinyl chloride concentrations were plotted in map view and selected cross sections to elucidate the vertical and horizontal extent and distribution of contamination, along with a tabular comparison between 2018 and previous analytical results. The 2018 data showed that the areas of VOC contamination (>1 microgram per liter) decreased slightly on the north and east sides of the NAWC site from previous sampling dates; these decreases are attributed to the influence of the pump-and-treat system, natural attenuation processes, and various engineered bioaugmentation experiments that have occurred onsite. Off-site groundwater samples indicate the VOC contaminated groundwater is likely hydraulically constrained by the pump-and-treat system and appears to not be moving offsite to the south and west of NAWC. Only one offsite well, 50BR, located along the eastern margin of the site, was found to have detectable TCE and cisDCE concentrations, indicating that VOC contamination continues to migrate a short distance offsite to the east. Detectable VOC contamination was found in wells as deep as 200 and 221 feet on both the east and west sides of the NAWC site. Comparisons of present-day data to data from past sampling efforts indicate that TCE concentrations in most wells have decreased slowly over time.
Results from surface-water samples indicate that VOCs enter surface water predominantly through the West Ditch drainage system. Concentrations and fluxes of VOCs are higher when groundwater levels are higher, indicating contaminated groundwater discharges into the surface water system. Higher VOC concentrations at the Interceptor site relative to other sites in the West Ditch indicate the contamination in the West Ditch system is likely caused by contaminated groundwater discharging to the West Ditch storm sewer near manhole MH-140 when water table levels are high.
The pump-and-treat extraction wells at the former NAWC site were sampled for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in 2018. The suite of reported PFAS include perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorobutane sulfonate. Concentrations were plotted in map view to determine the areal extent of the PFAS contamination at the site. Extraction well 48BR sampled on the eastern half of the site was found to have PFOS and PFOA concentrations greater than the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Drinking Water maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), which is consistent with the distribution of highest PFAS concentrations in surface water in the OF-4 storm sewer system that drains that area, as well as previously collected PFAS concentrations in monitoring wells. On the western half of the site, the extraction well 08BR sample exceeded MCLs for PFOA and PFOS and the extraction well 22BR sample exceeded the MCL for PFOA, but samples from all other extraction wells were below the MCLs or other criteria for all PFAS analyzed. Concentrations of PFOA exceeded concentrations of PFOS on the west side of NAWC in both groundwater and surface water, which contrasts with the conditions on the east side of NAWC where PFOS concentrations exceeded PFOA concentrations. However, this observation was based on a limited number of samples on the west side of NAWC from 2018 and previous years, so more PFAS sampling is needed on the west side to assess this further.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Fiore, A.R., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Wilson, T.P., 2023, Distribution of chlorinated volatile organic compounds and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater and surface water at the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1022, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231022.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 81 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"81","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-114249","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417658,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RCAQ5N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater and surface water, former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey"},{"id":417657,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1022/images/"},{"id":417656,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1022/ofr20231022.XML"},{"id":417655,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231022/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1022"},{"id":417654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1022/ofr20231022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1022"},{"id":417653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":499772,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114760.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"former Naval Air Warfare Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.816667,\n 40.275\n ],\n [\n -74.816667,\n 40.2667\n ],\n [\n -74.808333,\n 40.2667\n ],\n [\n -74.808333,\n 40.275\n ],\n [\n -74.816667,\n 40.275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648
The Trinity River is managed in two sections: (1) the upper 64-kilometer (km) “restoration reach” downstream from Lewiston Dam and (2) the 120-km lower Trinity River downstream from the restoration reach. The Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) has been previously constructed and calibrated for the restoration reach. In this report, we extended and parameterized S3 for the 120-km section of the lower Trinity River to the confluence with the Klamath River and then to the Pacific Ocean in northern California.
S3 is a deterministic life-stage structured-population model that tracks daily growth, movement, and survival of juvenile salmon. A key theme of the model is that river discharge affects habitat availability and capacity, which in turn drives density-dependent population dynamics. To explicitly link population dynamics to habitat quality and quantity, the river environment is constructed as a one-dimensional series of linked habitat units, each of which has an associated daily timeseries of discharge, water temperature, and useable habitat area or carrying capacity. In turn, the physical characteristics of each habitat unit and the number of fish occupying each unit drive (1) survival and growth within each habitat unit and (2) movement of fish among habitat units.
The physical template of the Trinity River was formed by classifying the river into 910 meso-habitat units that were designated into runs, riffles, or pools. For each habitat unit, we developed a timeseries of daily discharge, water temperature, amount of available spawning habitat, and fry and parr carrying capacity. Capacity timeseries were constructed using state-of-the-art models of spatially explicit hydrodynamics and quantitative fish habitat relationships developed for the Trinity River. These variables were then used to drive population dynamics such as egg maturation and survival, and in turn, juvenile movement, growth, and survival.
We estimated key movement and survival parameters by calibrating the model to 12 years (2007–18) of weekly juvenile abundance estimates from two rotary screw traps: (1) the Pear Tree trap near the downstream end of the restoration reach and (2) the Willow Creek trap site is about 40.2 km upriver from the Trinity River’s confluence with the Klamath River. The calibration consisted of replicating historical conditions as closely as possible (for example: flow, temperature, spawner abundance, spawning location and timing, and hatchery releases), and then running the model to predict weekly abundance passing the trap location. We also evaluated four alternative model structures that included either no density-dependence, density-independent movement and survival, density-dependent survival, or density-dependent movement. Akaike information criterion model selection was used to evaluate the strength of evidence for alternative model structures to simulate the observed abundance estimates.
Model selection supported the conclusion that the fully density-dependent model and density-dependent survival model was better supported by the data than the no density-dependence or density-dependent movement model. Because density-dependent movement was favored in past evaluations, we focus on the results from the fully density-dependent model. Parameter estimates from this model indicated that fry were less likely than parr to move downstream and that fry moved slower. Fry had a lower daily survival probability than parr. In contrast, hatchery fish had the highest probability of movement and the lowest daily survival probability.
Fitting the model to both traps individually enabled us to independently compare the fit and performance of S3 at simulating fish abundance, timing, and growth of juvenile salmon in the upper restoration reach and lower Trinity River. We obtained a better fit to the data at the Willow Creek trap site than we obtained at the Pear Tree trap site, regardless of whether we fit the model to the abundances at the Pear Tree trap or Willow Creek trap. This better fit was surprising given that the S3 input data for the upper restoration reach required fewer assumptions than fitting to the Willow Creek trap site that is farther down river. Fitting S3 to weekly abundances at the Willow Creek trap site required making assumptions about (1) extrapolating capacity-flow relationships to unmeasured habitat units; (2) spatially allocating spawners within the lower Trinity River; and (3) approximating the abundance, timing, and size of juveniles entering from tributaries. The model provided better fit to the data at the Willow Creek trap site. In the weekly abundance estimates, in relation to the S3 simulated abundances, several migration years’ (2011, 2015–17) weekly abundance estimates appeared truncated and were near or at peak annual abundances in January, suggesting that a large fraction of juveniles was migrating as early as December at the Pear Tree trap site. Some early life dynamics may not be currently incorporated into S3. For example, the estimation of abundance at the Pear Tree trap may be biased because of size selectivity. Knowing about selectivity at the Pear Tree trap could greatly improve S3’s ability to predict weekly and peak abundances each year.
Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station, in the Mojave Desert, 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California, is used to compress natural gas as it is transported through a pipeline from Texas to California. Between 1952 and 1964, cooling water was treated with a compound containing hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), to prevent corrosion of machinery within the compressor station. Cooling wastewater containing Cr(VI) was discharged to unlined ponds and released into groundwater. Since 1964, cooling-water management practices have been used that do not contribute chromium to groundwater.
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., Groover, K.D., Seymour, W.A., Miller, D.M., Warden, J.G., and Miller, L.G., 2023, Natural and anthropogenic hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California (ver. 1.1, June 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023-1043, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124184","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499781,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114741.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885","text":"Professional Paper 1885","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic (Human-Made) Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":418433,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1043/ofr20231043.xml"},{"id":418435,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1043/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":417273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1043/images"},{"id":418431,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1043/versionHist.txt"},{"id":418432,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1043/ofr20231043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432299,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1043/ofr20231043_spanish.pdf","text":"Report (Spanish)","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2023-1043 in Spanish"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.45302333136905,\n 35.19277332893611\n ],\n [\n -117.45302333136905,\n 34.55310182669082\n ],\n [\n -116.77216386614738,\n 34.55310182669082\n ],\n [\n -116.77216386614738,\n 35.19277332893611\n ],\n [\n -117.45302333136905,\n 35.19277332893611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: May 2023; Version 1.1: June 2023","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 7–8 for quarter 4 (October–December) of 2022. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
One specific activity that the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team closely monitored was the lowering of the Landsat 7 orbit. On April 6, 2022, the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor was placed into standby mode, and a series of spacecraft burns was completed through the month of April to lower the satellite’s orbit by 8 kilometers. Imaging resumed at a lower orbit of 697 kilometers on May 5, 2022, extending the science mission. Additional information about the Landsat 7 orbit lowering is here: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/news/landsat-7-lowered-standard-landsat-orbit#:~:text=The%20satellite's%20primary%20science%20mission%20has%20ended&text=On%20April%206%2C%202022%2C%20the,satellite's%20orbit%20by%208%20kilometers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231044","usgsCitation":"Haque, M.O., Rengarajan, R., Lubke, M., Hasan, M.N., Shrestha, A., Tuli, F.T.Z., Shaw, J.L., Denevan, A., Franks, S., Micijevic, E., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Thome, K., Kaita, E., Barsi, J., Levy, R., and Miller, J., 2023, ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 4, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1044, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231044.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 39 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-149560","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417400,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231044/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417365,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"—EarthExplorer"},{"id":417362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1044/ofr20231044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1044"},{"id":417361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":417363,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1044/ofr20231044.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":417364,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1044/images"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina; hereinafter NSO) was listed as “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act in 1990 and population declines have continued since that listing. Given the species’ protected status, any proposed activities on Federal lands that might impact NSO require consultation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and part of that consultation often includes surveys to determine presence and occupancy status of the species in the proposed activity area. The objective of this report is to present study-area specific estimates of the probability of detection for NSO pairs from twelve 2-week seasonal survey periods using data from a recent range-wide meta-analysis. These estimates were a by-product of pair occupancy modeling but might provide insight into potential changes in the effect of the invasive barred owl on NSO detection rates. We used two-species multi-season occupancy models to estimate the probability of detection for NSOs on each of 11 study areas for each 2-week survey period and relative to the range-wide effect of barred owl presence or absence. Detection probabilities within the season generally increased from the earliest surveys in March through mid-season, decreasing again in the late season on five study areas. For three other study areas, detection rates were highest during the earliest survey periods in late March or early April. Estimates of cumulative seasonal detection of NSO (across a maximum of six within-season surveys) were less than 0.90 when barred owls (BO) were present on all but one study area, regardless of when surveys were conducted within a season. However, despite low detection rates, the probability that a territory was occupied when an NSO pair was not detected over six within-season surveys was also very low. When BO are not present on a territory, a six-survey protocol had a high probability of detecting an NSO pair at least once during the season on all study areas, except for the very lowest per-survey estimates. Conducting most surveys earlier in the season, when the probability of detecting pairs is highest (through May on most areas) could improve seasonal detection rates. However, alternative methods of population monitoring—such as the use of passive acoustic recorders—may be needed to continue monitoring NSO for research and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State University","usgsCitation":"Dugger, K.M., Franklin, A.B., Lesmeister, D.B., Davis, R.J., Wiens, J.D., White, G.C., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., Yackulic, C.B., Schwarz, C.J., Ackers, S.H., Andrews, L.S., Bailey, L.L., Bown, R., Burgher, J., Burnham, K.P., Carlson, P.C., Chestnut, T., Conner, M.M., Dilione, K.E., Forsman, E.D., Gremel, S.A., Hamm, K.A., Herter, D.R., Higley, J.M., Horn, R.B., Jenkins, J.M., Kendall, W.L., Lamphear, D.W., McCafferty, C., McDonald, T.L., Reid, J.A., Rockweit, J.T., Simon, D.C., Sovern, S.G., Swingle, J.K., and Wise, H., 2023, Estimating northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) pair detection probabilities based on call-back surveys associated with long-term mark-recapture studies, 1993–2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1012, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231012.","productDescription":"vii, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133003","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417167,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231012/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1012"},{"id":417166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1012/ofr20231012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1012"},{"id":417169,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1012/ofr20231012.XML"},{"id":417168,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1012/images"},{"id":417165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1012/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.82419135781177,\n 37.90972622681076\n ],\n [\n -122.3277779102568,\n 38.08861577320431\n ],\n [\n -120.925210233316,\n 42.44504507790097\n ],\n [\n -120.0290356856878,\n 48.995370896990295\n ],\n [\n -123.35793848445479,\n 48.94274756685837\n ],\n [\n -123.44660126094462,\n 48.247927989659445\n ],\n [\n -125.06690973675748,\n 48.590141468479914\n ],\n [\n -124.10299464056828,\n 46.115944811333236\n ],\n [\n -124.32184346408252,\n 43.795550298890845\n ],\n [\n -124.71979791193871,\n 42.67568668540227\n ],\n [\n -124.10920825253021,\n 41.43162232110191\n ],\n [\n -124.53261803772267,\n 40.21134172936314\n ],\n [\n -123.80095675617886,\n 38.77121416707598\n ],\n [\n -122.82419135781177,\n 37.90972622681076\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
777 NW 9th Street
Suite 400
Corvallis, OR 97330
Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838; Blanding’s turtles) are a species of medium-sized, long-lived, semiaquatic, freshwater turtles with a wide distribution across the northern and eastern United States and southern Canada. They have an annual activity cycle consisting of late autumn and winter overwintering and spring emergence, spring movement and foraging, spring and summer nesting, and summer and autumn foraging and nonnesting movement. In response to changes in average and extreme temperatures, Blanding’s turtles are likely to experience increased physiological stress and reduced reproductive success. Variability in precipitation may affect the availability of freshwater habitats for overwintering, shelter, and feeding; however, projected changes in precipitation vary widely. This analysis presents anticipated climate conditions and effects on the species; the complex life history and expansive geographic range of this species require additional analysis at local scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211104D","usgsCitation":"Lyons, M.P., Nikiel, C.A., LeDee, O.E., and Boyles, R., 2023, Potential effects of climate change on Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s turtle): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1104–D, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211104D.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-149510","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":417247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/ofr20211104d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1104–D"},{"id":417248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/ofr20211104d.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":417249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/d/images"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101,\n 48.1\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 48.1\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 48.1\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1954 Buford Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108
The National Park Service (NPS), in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), recognizes the need to quantify the sediment budget of the barrier islands within the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GINS) to understand the coastal processes affecting island resiliency. To achieve this goal, identifying and quantifying the physical parameters that drive long-term change is necessary to model the processes that are both generative and terminal in island evolution and capture island response to long-term human alteration and climatic patterns. For example, measuring change across periods of storminess is more effective at assessing island resiliency than measuring change resulting from a single storm impact. Understanding changes to the physical environment over time is key to successfully predicting island responses to future storm impacts, human alteration, and sea-level rise and is necessary for effective decision making and management response. Yet, the diversity of factors affecting natural and cultural resources necessitates a strategic approach to data collection priorities that can inform sediment budget quantification and integrated resource management.
This study sought to advance sediment budget modeling efforts by conducting a “Needs Assessment Workshop” at the GINS. The purpose of the workshop was to identify and prioritize the specific research and data needs regarding the sediment budget at the GINS that can enhance the NPS efforts to conserve the islands’ natural resources, cultural resources, and the facilities and infrastructure that support both conservation and visitor use of those resources. This effort explored two research questions: (1) “what research and data needs exist for the sediment budget at Gulf Islands National Seashore” (research question 1) and (2) “how can research to address these needs capitalize on regional partnerships to advance natural and cultural resource conservation at Gulf Islands National Seashore” (research question 2)? The workshop was conducted virtually in a two-part, two-day series.
The workshop series was organized by researchers from North Carolina State University in collaboration with NPS and USGS staff and was facilitated by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration staff. The workshop series (two paired, sequential, partial-day workshops) addressed two target audiences: (1) NPS and USGS staff (April workshop) and (2) regional Federal, State, county, and nongovernmental organization staff, including NPS and USGS staff (May workshop). A total of four workshop sessions were held, comprising two sessions with each target audience.
The workshop series intended to identify sediment management research and data needs that could enhance natural and cultural resource stewardship at the GINS. One objective was to share information about regional sediment transport and management, available sediment management plans, and predictive modeling capabilities, including geomorphologic and hydrodynamic predictive models. This information was shared through a series of presentations by park managers and NPS and USGS researchers that identified park issues and available capabilities and data. The second objective was to elicit research and data needs, with a primary goal of assessing the importance and urgency of the identified needs. This assessment was partly determined by requesting that the workshop participants identify and prioritize research themes through polls, comments, and discussion.
The polls explicitly asked participants to qualitatively evaluate the importance (not at all, slightly, somewhat, very, or extremely) and urgency (not at all, slightly, somewhat, very, or extremely) of the thematically grouped research and data needs. These evaluations were plotted and shared during the workshop to visualize how the relative importance (x-axis) and relative urgency (y-axis) of each “need,” relative to other needs, to identify the most necessary (importance) and time-sensitive (urgent) items, thereby allowing an enhanced, holistic understanding of the sediment budget at GINS. Results of the poll are published as a USGS data release.
The assessment results revealed that the most important and urgent research and data needs included mapping (for example, elevation, habitat, and cultural resources), a regional sediment budget and management plan, and the dynamic modeling of sediment processes. During the workshop, these issues were visualized using scatter plots to demonstrate the relative importance and urgency of each theme, provide descriptive statistics, and elicit discussion. This format of iterative presentation, discussion, and prioritization allowed the project team to effectively accomplish their objective of identifying important and urgent research needs for natural and cultural resource stewardship at the GINS. Through the workshop, it was determined that expanded communication with the broader research community was needed to coordinate research activities and streamline potential funding opportunities and that research and policy should be integrated through a structured decision-making process.
At the conclusion of the workshop, an administered poll showed that the presentations effectively identified data and research needs and that the goals of the workshop were achieved. The results suggest that this type of needs-assessment workshop can effectively identify existing research capabilities and data, determine and prioritize research and data needs, and address how these efforts can use regional partnerships to aid natural and cultural resource conservation and management at National Parks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221087","programNote":"Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Seekamp, E., Flocks, J., Hotchkiss, C., York, L., and Irick, K., 2023, Gulf Islands National Seashore regional sediment budget research and data needs—Workshop series summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1087, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221087.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 46 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-127837","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":416373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1087/ofr20221087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1087"},{"id":416375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1087/ofr20221087.XML"},{"id":416376,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1087/images/"},{"id":416377,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JG3J7B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Gulf Islands National Seashore 2020 workshop-attendee survey results"},{"id":499720,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114708.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Islands National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.47993451563534,\n 30.4372165405142\n ],\n [\n -89.47993451563534,\n 30.14326231135827\n ],\n [\n -86.39410371358161,\n 30.14326231135827\n ],\n [\n -86.39410371358161,\n 30.4372165405142\n ],\n [\n -89.47993451563534,\n 30.4372165405142\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South St.
Petersburg, FL 33701
Over the past two decades, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other agencies have pioneered the use of active acoustic sensors to monitor suspended-sediment concentrations and particle sizes in rivers and streams at the subdaily time scale. The LISST-ABS submersible acoustic backscatter sediment sensor (or “ABS sensor”) was developed by Sequoia Scientific, Inc., as an alternative to turbidity sensors for monitoring suspended-sediment concentrations in surface waters. The ABS sensor is different than traditional active acoustic instruments because it is small, lower in cost, lightweight, and requires less power; and the sampling volume is within the first 15 centimeters of the transducer face. Initial testing by the USGS indicated the ABS sensor had utility as a novel, cost-effective, off-the-shelf tool for monitoring suspended-sediment concentration in surface waters, and its use within the agency has increased in since its introduction around 2016. However, initial testing did not account for the potential of transducer calibration drift over longer deployments.
As part of its mission to unify and standardize research and development activities of Federal agencies involved in fluvial sediment studies, the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project partnered with the USGS Wyoming-Montana and New Mexico Water Science Centers to examine the potential for use of standard, low-tech laboratory equipment to perform calibration checks on ABS sensors on long-term deployments. The experiments were intended to provide USGS scientists and the public with interim guidance to assist in operating and maintaining the ABS sensor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Alexander, J.S., O’Connell, J.P., and Brown, J.E., 2023, Interim guidance for calibration checks on a submersible acoustic backscatter sediment sensor (ver. 1.1, November 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1039, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231039.","productDescription":"Report: v, 23 p.; Data Release; 2 Datasets","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-147547","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422961,"rank":8,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1039/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2023-1039 Version History"},{"id":416561,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/inventory/?site_no=09363500&agency_cd=USGS&","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS 09363500 Animas River near Cedar Hill, NM, in USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":416559,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M41G3W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from lab experiments to support interim guidance for performing calibration checks on the Sequoia Scientific LISST-ABS acoustic backscatter sensor"},{"id":416557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1039/ofr20231039.XML","size":"149 kB","description":"OFR 2023-1039 XML"},{"id":416555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1039/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":422960,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1039/ofr20231039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1039"},{"id":416558,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1039/images"},{"id":416560,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: May 1, 2023; Version 1.1: November 27, 2023","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
We present new X-ray fluorescence compositions of 27 core samples from Phase 3, Hole G of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth, nearly doubling the published dataset for the core. The new analyses consist of major and trace element compositions and the first published data for rare earth elements from Hole G. Whole-rock compositions were obtained to further the analysis of active geochemical processes within the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault in central California. In this report, we plot the new data along with previously published analyses to illustrate some of the compositional features of the Hole G core and to relate them to the core mineralogy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231019","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., and Bradbury, K.K., 2023, Chemical characterization of San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) Phase 3 core: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1019, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231019.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142575","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1019/ofr20231019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":499770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114706.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1019/covrthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Limecola petalum (World Register of Marine Species, 2020; formerly reported as Macoma balthica and M. petalum), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer (km) south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in south San Francisco Bay, California. This report includes the data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for January 2020–December 2020 (Cain and others, 2022). These data append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974. A major focus of the report is an integrated description of the 2020 data within the context of the longer, multidecadal dataset. This dataset supports the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving- Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
Silver and copper contamination substantially decreased at the site in the 1980s following the implementation by PARWQCP of advanced wastewater-treatment and source-control measures. Since the 1990s, concentrations of these elements in surface sediments have continued to decrease, although more slowly. For example, from 1994 to 2020, the minimum annual mean silver concentration—0.20 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg)—was observed in multiple years. In 2020, silver concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 0.28 mg/kg. These concentrations are 2 to 3 times higher than the regional background concentration. Presently (2020), sediment-copper concentrations appear to be near the regional background level. Over the same period (1994–2020), sedimentary iron and zinc exhibited modest decreases. Sedimentary aluminum, chromium, mercury, nickel, and selenium have not exhibited any trend. Since 1994, silver and copper concentrations in L. petalum have varied seasonally, apparently in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and cyclic growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, generally were similar in timing and magnitude as those for silver and copper. Downward trends in the silver and zinc concentrations in L. petalum during 1994–2020 were evident and appeared to be related to the general physiological condition of the clam, indicated by a condition index.
Biological effects of elevated silver and copper contamination at the Palo Alto site have been interpreted from data collected during and after the recession of these contaminants. Concentrations of both elements in the soft tissues of L. petalum decreased with sedimentary copper and silver. This pattern was associated with changes in the reproductive activity of L. petalum, as well as the structure of the benthic invertebrate community. Reproductive activity of L. petalum increased as metal concentrations in L. petalum decreased (Hornberger and others, 2000), and presently is stable with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. Analyses of the benthic community structure indicate that the infaunal invertebrate community has shifted from one dominated by several opportunistic species when silver and copper exposures were highest to one in which the species abundance is more evenly distributed, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. Importantly, this long-term change is unrelated to other metals and other measured environmental factors, including salinity and sediment composition. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decrease in dominance coincident with the decrease in metals. Both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2020. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly from 2011 to 2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2020.
The reproductive mode of most species that were present in 2020 was indicative of species that were capable of movement either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2020 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, those that have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. The long-term recovery observed after the 1970s can be ascribed to the decrease in sediment pollutants.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Kieu, L.H., and Luoma, S.N., 2023, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1017, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 51 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133169","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416135,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/ofr20231017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416139,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2017"},{"id":416136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S","text":"Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022)","description":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Thompson, J.K., Kieu, L., Turner, M., and Baesman, S.M., 2022, Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S."},{"id":416140,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":499767,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114697.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416137,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1079","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2019"},{"id":416138,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":416141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118","text":"Open-File Report 2016-1118","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Researchers routinely study streamflow data to understand the effects of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change, and to develop methods for estimating streamflow at ungaged locations. These studies require streamflow data that are not modified or largely altered by other anthropogenic activities, such as reservoirs or diversions. This report discusses a method for identifying basins with reservoir regulation using a decadal impact metric that characterizes the degree of regulation of a given river reach. The method is applied to U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins from eight States in the Central United States. Using this metric, 140 streamgages with known regulation effects (annual peak streamflow values qualified with a code 6) were evaluated for their impact metric values in decades with annual peak streamflow values qualified with code 6. Based on the distribution of median impact metric values at these regulated basins, a threshold value of 0.1 was identified as the value that when exceeded was the most characteristic of the regulated streamgage basins in the study area. Streamgage basins from nine States with peak streamflow values that were not qualified with code 6 were evaluated for impact metric values equal to or greater than the established threshold. About 13 percent of streamgages (136 of 1,017) had an impact metric equal to or greater than the identified regulated threshold at some point in their periods of record. The method discussed in this report, which has limitations owing to characteristics of the data underlying the dam impact metric, provides a regionally consistent approach to identifying regulated U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Department of Transportation, Iowa Department of Transportation, Michigan Department of Transportation, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Missouri Department of Transportation, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, North Dakota Department of Water Resources, South Dakota Department of Transportation, and Wisconsin Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Marti, M.K., and Ryberg, K.R., 2023, Method for identification of reservoir regulation within U.S. Geological Survey streamgage basins in the Central United States using a decadal dam impact metric: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1034, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231034.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; 2 Data Releases; 2 Datasets","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-138145","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499776,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114682.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416076,"rank":9,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231034/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416030,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92S9ZX6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Dam impact/disturbance metrics for the conterminous United States, 1800 to 2018"},{"id":416029,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7765D7V","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Select attributes for NHDPlus Version 2.1 reach catchments and modified network routed upstream watersheds for the conterminous United States (ver. 3.0, January 2021)"},{"id":416020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":416028,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":416027,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://nid.sec.usace.army.mil/#/","text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers database","linkHelpText":"—National inventory of dams"},{"id":416023,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1034/images"},{"id":416022,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1034/ofr20231034.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":416021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1034/ofr20231034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1034"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.524844,41.691635],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-88.158207,37.664542],[-88.078046,37.532029],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.490068,37.067874],[-89.058036,37.188767],[-89.171881,37.068184],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.343753,36.630991],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.527029,36.341679],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.615128,36.113816],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.870481,40.71248],[-95.844088,41.180598],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.342395,42.160491],[-96.380107,42.451494],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-97.308853,42.867307],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.568936,42.998537],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-111.044275,45.001345],[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.50494,44.635746],[-111.469185,44.552044],[-112.258665,44.569516],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.749011,44.491233],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.802955,45.592631],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-114.345019,45.459916],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.422963,45.855381],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.322912,46.642938],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.731348,47.433381],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-116.049153,47.999923],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.878454,49.333193],[-94.640803,48.741171],[-93.818375,48.534442],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.398478,46.575832],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.24971,42.480212],[-86.226305,42.988284],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.617955,43.768596],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
The U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center measured environmental contaminants in Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagles) and Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagles) to evaluate dietary exposure to lead, mercury, and anticoagulant rodenticides (AR), all of which were identified by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a priority issue of concern for Mountain Prairie Region 6. Data were needed to inform U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regional programs aimed at reducing exposure to these substances. Carcasses of bald eagles (n=172) and golden eagles (n=142) collected from North and South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nebraska, and Kansas between 2014 and 2017 were assessed for cause of death and liver lead, mercury, and AR level concentrations. Trauma, electrocution, and lead poisoning were the three leading causes of death, affecting 51 percent, 21 percent, and 20 percent of eagles, respectively. Trauma was the leading cause of death for both species, whereas lead poisoning was the second leading cause of death for bald eagles (31 percent) and was only diagnosed as the cause of death in 7 percent of golden eagles. Elevated lead concentrations within the range of subclinical or clinical poisoning (greater than [>] 2 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg] wet weight) were present in 25 percent of eagles tested, including 36 percent of bald eagles and 11 percent of golden eagles. No association was detected among lead exposure and trauma, electrocution, or infectious disease. Mercury concentrations were considered high (>80 mg/kg dry weight) for only 2 percent of bald eagles and no golden eagles. Brodifacoum was the most common AR detected, present in 56 percent of eagles, including 70 percent of bald eagles and 39 percent of golden eagles; however, death was not directly attributed to AR toxicosis in any case. Results of this study provide baseline data on common causes of mortality and threats to eagles in Region 6 from lead, mercury, and rodenticide exposure and can be used to inform management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service South Dakota Field Office","usgsCitation":"Bodenstein, B.L., Lankton, J.S., Russell, R.E., and Schwarz, M.S., 2023, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) and Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle) mortality and exposure to lead, mercury, and anticoagulant rodenticides in eight western and midwestern States, 2014–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1016, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231016.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125449","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416004,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231016/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":415940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1016/ofr20231016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1016"},{"id":415942,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1016/ofr20231016.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":415943,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1016/images"},{"id":415945,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F3ZPD7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National Wildlife Health Center necropsy and contaminant results for bald and golden eagles collected in 8 States from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2017, to determine cause of illness/death and lead, mercury, and anticoagulant rodenticide exposure"}],"state":"Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.101564,44.520847],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.346692,44.798898],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.735601,45.325265],[-113.734402,45.392353],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.783272,45.451839],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.710425,46.717704],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.787065,46.711255],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.047857,46.969533],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-116.048421,47.97682],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.198857,48.899831],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.098697,48.687534],[-97.108276,48.634396],[-97.125887,48.626975],[-97.138246,48.609301],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.134229,48.461178],[-97.142066,48.42045],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145201,48.395566],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.131722,48.341123],[-97.127236,48.291827],[-97.117726,48.283488],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.142279,48.148056],[-97.123135,48.109497],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.071911,48.021395],[-97.054945,47.992924],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.051054,47.943379],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.005356,47.870177],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.976176,47.801544],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.910144,47.691235],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.855092,47.53731],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.862924,47.422309],[-96.841767,47.39246],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.841003,47.311558],[-96.832884,47.307069],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.833589,47.238037],[-96.8368,47.195028],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.824097,47.070666],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.833504,47.01011],[-96.822043,46.971091],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.791621,46.931213],[-96.785126,46.925769],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.769758,46.877563],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.772457,46.601491],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.714861,46.459132],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.682008,46.40784],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.645959,46.353532],[-96.631586,46.353752],[-96.601048,46.331139],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.592375,46.246076],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.584899,46.204383],[-96.580408,46.151234],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.629426,45.784211],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.832659,45.651716],[-96.856657,45.609041],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.454094,45.301546],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.533101,43.328587],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.553217,43.259141],[-96.55203,43.251117],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.512458,43.218556],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.460516,43.09494],[-96.458201,43.067554],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.516724,42.981458],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.516419,42.935438],[-96.541098,42.924496],[-96.538555,42.904605],[-96.526357,42.891852],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.544321,42.851282],[-96.552092,42.836057],[-96.558584,42.839487],[-96.563058,42.831051],[-96.579772,42.838093],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.632142,42.770863],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.638621,42.734921],[-96.626317,42.725951],[-96.629777,42.708852],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.569194,42.675509],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.486606,42.576062],[-96.497186,42.571464],[-96.498439,42.560876],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479809,42.529595],[-96.490802,42.520331],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.380107,42.451494],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.411808,42.410894],[-96.409153,42.381491],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.331331,42.25943],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.305884,42.129826],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.1289,41.969727],[-96.142597,41.945908],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.144483,41.871854],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.103749,41.817151],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.0783,41.761598],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.072321,41.706858],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.11812,41.674399],[-96.095415,41.652736],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.99267,41.51729],[-96.019817,41.48803],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-95.965481,41.46351],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.93689,41.396387],[-95.93099,41.364696],[-95.956791,41.349196],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.87689,41.285097],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.929591,41.285097],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.921291,41.258498],[-95.910891,41.231798],[-95.92599,41.195698],[-95.90969,41.184398],[-95.856788,41.187098],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.863268,41.093765],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.859102,41.031599],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.834215,40.783784],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.781909,40.653272],[-95.766823,40.61878],[-95.751271,40.609057],[-95.750053,40.597052],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.69721,40.528477],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.654294,40.307906],[-95.613479,40.314233],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.54716,40.259066],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.470061,40.221507],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.42478,40.132765],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.420643,40.062599],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.318015,40.013216],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.201935,39.904053],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.134747,39.876852],[-95.081534,39.861718],[-95.032053,39.868337],[-95.013152,39.899953],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.939767,39.85193],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.890292,39.791626],[-94.925605,39.789754],[-94.935782,39.778906],[-94.906244,39.759418],[-94.865243,39.770094],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.899316,39.724042],[-94.944741,39.744377],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-95.024595,39.668485],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.069315,39.576218],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.04078,39.466387],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.947864,39.408604],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.894979,39.393565],[-94.880979,39.383899],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.910641,39.348335],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.834896,39.223842],[-94.823791,39.209874],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.669135,39.182003],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.601733,39.159603],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.048974,44.474072]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually supports small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 14 projects supported in fiscal year 2019 and outlines their goals, activities, and accomplishments. Proposals in 2019 were encouraged to address the optional disciplinary theme of biosurveillance of emerging invasive species and health threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221120","programNote":"Science Synthesis, Analysis, and Research Program","usgsCitation":"Liford, A.N., Andrews, C.M., Bamzai, A., Bard, J.A., Blehert, D.S., Bradford, J.B., Daniel, W.M., Eldridge, S.L., Engel, F., Ferrante, J.A., Gilmer, A.K., Hunter, M.E., Jones, J.M., Letcher, B., Lightsom, F.L., McDonald, R.R., Morgan, L.E., Reed, S.C., and Hsu, L., 2023, Community for Data Integration 2019 project report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1120, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221120.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118731","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416353,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221120/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1120"},{"id":416269,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/ofr20221120.xml"},{"id":416268,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/images"},{"id":415749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":415750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1120/ofr20221120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1120"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are common mitigation treatments to reduce fire hazards. However, these treatments are infrequently applied together within national parks. The Northwest Gateway project at Lassen Volcanic National Park is an exception to this pattern. Various thinning prescriptions were applied to the project area in 2014, with a subset of the area prescribed burned in 2018 and 2019. To determine responses to these treatments, we analyzed forest structure and fuels data across a network of long-term monitoring plots measured before treatments and in multiple years following treatments. Additionally, we assessed patterns in individual tree growth from cores taken from 101 individual yellow pines (ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson, and Jeffery pine, P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) within the project unit.
Basal area and stem density were reduced following thinning treatments for pole-sized (≤15-centimeter diameter at base height) and overstory trees (>15-centimeter diameter at base height), with sharper reductions in pole-sized trees. Proportional change in live basal area after thinning was highest for pole-size Abies, with more than 80-percent basal area and stem density removed on average. There were large reductions in pole-sized Pinus and Populus. However, Populus trees were not targeted for removal, suggesting that these trees died via other mechanisms. Thinning treatments also resulted in reductions in stand density index values and in surface fuel loading when followed by prescribed fire, particularly for small fuels size classes (such as litter/duff, 1-hour, and 10-hour fuels). Growth of individual residual yellow pine, measured in terms of annual basal area increment, indicated a strong growth release in the years following thinning treatments.
Taken together, these results indicate that forest restoration treatments at the Northwest Gateway project area were effective at reducing stand density and encouraging growth of residual Pinus. Interestingly, our results also indicated that although thinning followed by prescribed fire was most effective at reducing surface fuel loads, harvest techniques such as whole tree yarding may effectively reduce the accumulation of post-treatment residual fuels, especially when combined with hand piling and other targeted treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Land Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.C., van Mantgem, P.J., and Farris, C., 2023, Forest structure and residual tree growth at the Northwest Gateway project area, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1021, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231021","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142044","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":415516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/ofr20231021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/ofr20231021.xml","size":"150 KB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":415518,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1021/images"},{"id":415520,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231021/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.69387227125826,\n 40.64212267418216\n ],\n [\n -121.69387227125826,\n 40.22418532217921\n ],\n [\n -121.01850360817535,\n 40.22418532217921\n ],\n [\n -121.01850360817535,\n 40.64212267418216\n ],\n [\n -121.69387227125826,\n 40.64212267418216\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Understanding how climate change and variability will impact grassland ecosystems is crucial for successful grassland management in the 21st century. In 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center (USGS NC CASC) began a project to establish a baseline of information to best serve grassland managers (that is, those who develop grassland management plans or implement those plans on the ground) at Federal, State, and Tribal agen-cies and nongovernmental organizations to help meet regional grassland management goals. This project “A Synthesis of Climate Impacts, Stakeholder Needs, and Adaptation in Northern Great Plains Grassland Ecosystems” (hereafter, the Grasslands Synthesis Project), had two primary goals: (1) to synthesize management goals and challenges for grassland managers across the region and (2) to assess the state-of-the-science and identify knowledge gaps for addressing the goals and challenges within the context of climate change. The findings from the Grasslands Syn-thesis Project are described in two volumes. This report serves several purposes, including providing (1) a synthesis of regional grassland management goals and challenges, (2) identification of information needs relevant to grassland management in a changing climate, and (3) summaries of grassland management issues by ecoregion and management organization or agency.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Colorado Boulder","programNote":"U.S. Geological Survey Climate Adaptation Science Center","usgsCitation":"Miller Hesed, C.D., and Yocum, H.M., 2023, Grassland management priorities for the North Central Region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1037, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231037.","productDescription":"xvii, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151693","costCenters":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499780,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114668.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":435370,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97JFAXP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Species of Greatest Conservation Need in the North Central Region"},{"id":435371,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PCQHA2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Broadly Shared Information Needs Among Grassland Managers in the North Central Region"},{"id":415809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231036","text":"USGS Open-File Report 2023-1036","linkHelpText":"Synthesis of Climate and Ecological Science to Support Grassland Management Priorities in the North Central Region"},{"id":415808,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1037/ofr20231037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1037"},{"id":415807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1037/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Noth Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.101564,44.520847],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.346692,44.798898],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.735601,45.325265],[-113.734402,45.392353],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.783272,45.451839],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.710425,46.717704],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.787065,46.711255],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.047857,46.969533],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-116.048421,47.97682],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.198857,48.899831],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.098697,48.687534],[-97.108276,48.634396],[-97.125887,48.626975],[-97.138246,48.609301],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.134229,48.461178],[-97.142066,48.42045],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145201,48.395566],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.131722,48.341123],[-97.127236,48.291827],[-97.117726,48.283488],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.142279,48.148056],[-97.123135,48.109497],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.071911,48.021395],[-97.054945,47.992924],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.051054,47.943379],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.005356,47.870177],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.976176,47.801544],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.910144,47.691235],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.855092,47.53731],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.862924,47.422309],[-96.841767,47.39246],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.841003,47.311558],[-96.832884,47.307069],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.833589,47.238037],[-96.8368,47.195028],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.824097,47.070666],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.833504,47.01011],[-96.822043,46.971091],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.791621,46.931213],[-96.785126,46.925769],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.769758,46.877563],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.772457,46.601491],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.714861,46.459132],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.682008,46.40784],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.645959,46.353532],[-96.631586,46.353752],[-96.601048,46.331139],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.592375,46.246076],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.584899,46.204383],[-96.580408,46.151234],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.629426,45.784211],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.832659,45.651716],[-96.856657,45.609041],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.454094,45.301546],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.533101,43.328587],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.553217,43.259141],[-96.55203,43.251117],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.512458,43.218556],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.460516,43.09494],[-96.458201,43.067554],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.516724,42.981458],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.516419,42.935438],[-96.541098,42.924496],[-96.538555,42.904605],[-96.526357,42.891852],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.544321,42.851282],[-96.552092,42.836057],[-96.558584,42.839487],[-96.563058,42.831051],[-96.579772,42.838093],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.632142,42.770863],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.638621,42.734921],[-96.626317,42.725951],[-96.629777,42.708852],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.569194,42.675509],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.486606,42.576062],[-96.497186,42.571464],[-96.498439,42.560876],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479809,42.529595],[-96.490802,42.520331],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.380107,42.451494],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.411808,42.410894],[-96.409153,42.381491],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.331331,42.25943],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.305884,42.129826],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.1289,41.969727],[-96.142597,41.945908],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.144483,41.871854],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.103749,41.817151],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.0783,41.761598],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.072321,41.706858],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.11812,41.674399],[-96.095415,41.652736],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.99267,41.51729],[-96.019817,41.48803],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-95.965481,41.46351],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.93689,41.396387],[-95.93099,41.364696],[-95.956791,41.349196],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.87689,41.285097],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.929591,41.285097],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.921291,41.258498],[-95.910891,41.231798],[-95.92599,41.195698],[-95.90969,41.184398],[-95.856788,41.187098],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.863268,41.093765],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.859102,41.031599],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.834215,40.783784],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.781909,40.653272],[-95.766823,40.61878],[-95.751271,40.609057],[-95.750053,40.597052],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.69721,40.528477],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.654294,40.307906],[-95.613479,40.314233],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.54716,40.259066],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.470061,40.221507],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.42478,40.132765],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.420643,40.062599],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.318015,40.013216],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.201935,39.904053],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.134747,39.876852],[-95.081534,39.861718],[-95.032053,39.868337],[-95.013152,39.899953],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.939767,39.85193],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.890292,39.791626],[-94.925605,39.789754],[-94.935782,39.778906],[-94.906244,39.759418],[-94.865243,39.770094],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.899316,39.724042],[-94.944741,39.744377],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-95.024595,39.668485],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.069315,39.576218],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.04078,39.466387],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.947864,39.408604],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.894979,39.393565],[-94.880979,39.383899],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.910641,39.348335],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.834896,39.223842],[-94.823791,39.209874],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.669135,39.182003],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.601733,39.159603],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-111.048974,44.474072]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
University of Colorado - Boulder
Sustainability, Energy and Environment Community
4001 Discovery Dr., Suite 348
Boulder, CO 80303
Grasslands in the Great Plains are of ecological, economic, and cultural importance in the United States. In response to a need to understand how climate change and variability will impact grassland ecosystems and their management in the 21st century, the U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center led a synthesis of peer-reviewed climate and ecology literature relevant to grassland management in the North Central Region (including Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas). This synthesis was done to begin to address grassland managers’ information needs and identify research gaps. This open-file report summarizes the impacts of climate change and variability on temperature, water availability, wildfire, vegetation, wildlife, large-bodied ruminants, grazing, and land-use change and the implications for grassland management in the North Central region. This open-file report also identifies areas in which further research is needed. U.S. Geological Survey funded this project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Colorado Boulder","programNote":"U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","usgsCitation":"Miller Hesed, C.D., Yocum, H.M., Rangwala, I., Symstad, A.J., Martin, J.M., Ellison, K., Wood, D.J. A., Ahlering, M., Chase, K.J., Crausbay, S., Davidson, A.D., Elliott, J., Giocomo, J., Hoover, D.L., Klemm, T., Lightfoot, D., McKenna, O.P., Miller, B.W., Mosher, D., Nagy, R.C., Nippert, J.B., Pittman, J., Porensky, L., Stephens, J., and Zale, A.V., 2023, Synthesis of climate and ecological science to support grassland management priorities in the North Central Region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1036, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231036.","productDescription":"ix, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151694","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499779,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114667.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415810,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231037","text":"USGS Open-File Report 2023-1037","linkHelpText":"Grassland Management Priorities for the North Central Region"},{"id":415802,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1036/ofr20231036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1036"},{"id":415801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1036/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.101564,44.520847],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.346692,44.798898],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.735601,45.325265],[-113.734402,45.392353],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.783272,45.451839],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.710425,46.717704],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.787065,46.711255],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.047857,46.969533],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-116.048421,47.97682],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.198857,48.899831],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.098697,48.687534],[-97.108276,48.634396],[-97.125887,48.626975],[-97.138246,48.609301],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.134229,48.461178],[-97.142066,48.42045],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145201,48.395566],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.131722,48.341123],[-97.127236,48.291827],[-97.117726,48.283488],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.142279,48.148056],[-97.123135,48.109497],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.071911,48.021395],[-97.054945,47.992924],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.051054,47.943379],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.005356,47.870177],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.976176,47.801544],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.910144,47.691235],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.855092,47.53731],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.862924,47.422309],[-96.841767,47.39246],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.841003,47.311558],[-96.832884,47.307069],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.833589,47.238037],[-96.8368,47.195028],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.824097,47.070666],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.833504,47.01011],[-96.822043,46.971091],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.791621,46.931213],[-96.785126,46.925769],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.769758,46.877563],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.772457,46.601491],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.714861,46.459132],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.682008,46.40784],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.645959,46.353532],[-96.631586,46.353752],[-96.601048,46.331139],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.592375,46.246076],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.584899,46.204383],[-96.580408,46.151234],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.629426,45.784211],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.832659,45.651716],[-96.856657,45.609041],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.454094,45.301546],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.533101,43.328587],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.553217,43.259141],[-96.55203,43.251117],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.512458,43.218556],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.460516,43.09494],[-96.458201,43.067554],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.516724,42.981458],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.516419,42.935438],[-96.541098,42.924496],[-96.538555,42.904605],[-96.526357,42.891852],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.544321,42.851282],[-96.552092,42.836057],[-96.558584,42.839487],[-96.563058,42.831051],[-96.579772,42.838093],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.632142,42.770863],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.638621,42.734921],[-96.626317,42.725951],[-96.629777,42.708852],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.569194,42.675509],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.486606,42.576062],[-96.497186,42.571464],[-96.498439,42.560876],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479809,42.529595],[-96.490802,42.520331],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.380107,42.451494],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.411808,42.410894],[-96.409153,42.381491],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.331331,42.25943],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.305884,42.129826],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.1289,41.969727],[-96.142597,41.945908],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.144483,41.871854],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.103749,41.817151],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.0783,41.761598],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.072321,41.706858],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.11812,41.674399],[-96.095415,41.652736],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.99267,41.51729],[-96.019817,41.48803],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-95.965481,41.46351],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.93689,41.396387],[-95.93099,41.364696],[-95.956791,41.349196],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.87689,41.285097],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.929591,41.285097],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.921291,41.258498],[-95.910891,41.231798],[-95.92599,41.195698],[-95.90969,41.184398],[-95.856788,41.187098],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.863268,41.093765],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.859102,41.031599],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.834215,40.783784],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.781909,40.653272],[-95.766823,40.61878],[-95.751271,40.609057],[-95.750053,40.597052],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.69721,40.528477],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.654294,40.307906],[-95.613479,40.314233],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.54716,40.259066],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.470061,40.221507],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.42478,40.132765],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.420643,40.062599],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.318015,40.013216],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.201935,39.904053],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.134747,39.876852],[-95.081534,39.861718],[-95.032053,39.868337],[-95.013152,39.899953],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.939767,39.85193],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.890292,39.791626],[-94.925605,39.789754],[-94.935782,39.778906],[-94.906244,39.759418],[-94.865243,39.770094],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.899316,39.724042],[-94.944741,39.744377],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-95.024595,39.668485],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.069315,39.576218],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.04078,39.466387],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.947864,39.408604],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.894979,39.393565],[-94.880979,39.383899],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.910641,39.348335],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.834896,39.223842],[-94.823791,39.209874],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.669135,39.182003],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.601733,39.159603],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-111.048974,44.474072]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
University of Colorado - Boulder
Sustainability, Energy and Environment Community
4001 Discovery Dr., Suite 348
Boulder, CO 80303
Changes in riparian vegetation cover and composition occur in relation to flow regime, geomorphic template, and climate, and can have cascading effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Tracking such changes over time is therefore an important part of monitoring the condition and trajectory of riparian ecosystems. Maintaining diverse, self-sustaining riparian vegetation comprised of mostly native species is identified in the Glen Canyon Dam Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan as a key resource objective for the section of the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead. The U.S. Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center implemented an annual monitoring program in 2014 to assess the status and trends of riparian vegetation along this section of river, particularly as they relate to flow regime. In this report, we summarize plant species composition and cover data collected under the annual monitoring program from 2014 to 2019, with special consideration given to the hydrologic position, associated geomorphic feature class, local climate patterns, native and nonnative species, and floristic region for key vegetation metrics and species. We divided the study area into four river segments (referred to as Glen Canyon, Marble Canyon, eastern Grand Canyon, and western Grand Canyon) on the basis of geography and floristic composition and calculated each recorded plant species’ relative frequency and foliar cover by river segment. These data were then used to evaluate species composition relationships among river segments, hydrologic zones, geomorphic features, and sampling years through ordination analysis. Temporal trends in our focal resource objectives—species richness, total foliar cover, proportion of native to nonnative species richness, proportion of native to nonnative species cover, Tamarix cover, Pluchea sericea cover, and Baccharis species cover—were assessed using mixed-effects models. Four patterns related to species composition emerged: (1) species composition of fixed-site sandbars differed from that of randomly selected sites (including randomly selected sandbars), (2) species composition of Glen Canyon sites differed from that of other previously identified floristic regions, (3) species composition differed across hydrologic zones related to dam operations, and (4) species composition within river segments did not change across years. For temporal patterns, four main findings emerged: (1) trends differed between fixed-sites and randomly selected sites; (2) although few directional changes were observed from 2014 to 2019, Baccharis species cover increased at randomly selected sites in areas influenced by daily water fluctuations; (3) native species cover and richness were greater than nonnative species cover and richness across all hydrologic zones; and (4) the temporal trend metrics used here can be used across floristic groups, enabling assessment of the Colorado River ecosystem as a whole. In addition to these findings, lists of recorded plant species are included as appendixes. The variations and patterns in vegetation status and trends presented in this report can be used as a baseline against which future monitoring can be compared.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation Glen Canyon Adaptive Management Program","usgsCitation":"Palmquist, E.C., Butterfield, B.J., and Ralston, B.E., 2023, Assessment of riparian vegetation patterns and change downstream from Glen Canyon Dam from 2014 to 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1026, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231026.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 55 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-132835","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499774,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114661.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415675,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1026/images"},{"id":415674,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1026/ofr20231026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1026/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":415672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KEHY2S","text":"Riparian vegetation data downstream of Glen Canyon Dam in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park, AZ from 2014 to 2019","description":"Palmquist, E.C., Butterfield, B.J., and Ralston, B.E., 2022, Riparian vegetation data downstream of Glen Canyon Dam in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park, AZ from 2014 to 2019: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KEHY2S."}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06028247701303,\n 36.94784441270309\n ],\n [\n -114.06028247701303,\n 35.55756259875736\n ],\n [\n -111.24899178190306,\n 35.55756259875736\n ],\n [\n -111.24899178190306,\n 36.94784441270309\n ],\n [\n -114.06028247701303,\n 36.94784441270309\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Phytoplankton are an important and limiting food source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay in California. Decreasing phytoplankton biomass is one possible factor for the pelagic organism decline and the decline of the protected Hypomesus transpacificus (delta smelt). Bivalves Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis (hereafter C. fluminea and P. amurensis, respectively) have been shown to control phytoplankton biomass throughout San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; therefore, their distribution and population dynamics are of great interest.
We describe the distribution and dynamics of bivalve biomass using samples from California Department of Water Resources’ (DWR) 2019 benthic monitoring program. As one element of DWR’s and the Bureau of Reclamation’s Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP), the DWR benthic monitoring program examines the effect of water project operations on the estuary as prescribed by a series of Water Rights Decisions mandated by the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).
The biomass and grazing rate values of both bivalves had similar patterns, therefore, comments on biomass distribution can be applied to grazing rate data. Biomass and recruitment values of C. fluminea were too low at station C9 (Old River upstream from Clift on Court Forebay Intake) to describe a temporal pattern. Corbicula fluminea biomass values were consistently high at station D24 (Sacramento River). Station D4L (confluence of San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers) biomass values were low during the first half of the year and high the rest of the year. Corbicula fluminea biomass values at station P8 (San Joaquin River) were the highest and most consistent on that river. Station D16 (San Joaquin River) and station D28A (central delta) biomass values were near zero with a small peak in May.
Potamocorbula amurensis biomass values were near zero at station D4L (confluence of San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers). Biomass values were strongly seasonal at station D6 (Suisun Bay). Station D41 (San Pablo Bay) had the highest P. amurensis biomass values. Station D7 (Grizzly Bay) and station D41A (San Pablo Bay) had low biomass values in January-June or July and maximum biomass values in August.
Corbicula fluminea recruits in the Sacramento River stations peaked twice, from January to June and from September to December. At the San Joaquin River stations, C. fluminea recruitment peaked from May to July or August and from November to December. Peak recruit abundance was higher on the Sacramento River than the San Joaquin River.
Potamocorbula amurensis recruitment was more seasonal than C. fluminea, with a high number of recruits followed by periods with no recruits. Station D4L had few recruits except in January. Station D6 had low recruitment from January to February, increased in August, and peaked from November to December. Station D7 had fewer recruits than station D6 but had a similar temporal pattern, although winter recruits continued into April instead of February. Station D41 recruits were sparce and present only from May to July. Station D41A had the most recruits from January to July, and again in September.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Gehrts, K., and Wells, E., 2023, Bivalve effects on the food web supporting delta smelt—A long-term study of bivalve recruitment, biomass, and grazing rate patterns with varying freshwater outflow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1101, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221101.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123598","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1101/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":415677,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1101/ofr20221101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415678,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221102","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1102","description":"Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Gehrts, K., and Wells, E., 2023, Bivalve effects on the food web supporting delta smelt—A spatially intensive study of bivalve recruitment, biomass, and grazing rate patterns with varying freshwater outflow in 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1102, 15 p., http://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221102.","linkHelpText":"- Bivalve Effects on the Food Web Supporting Delta Smelt—A Spatially Intensive Study of Bivalve Recruitment, Biomass, and Grazing Rate Patterns with Varying Freshwater Outflow in 2019"},{"id":415679,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q57NL0","text":"Bivalve metrics in the North San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","description":"Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Pearson S.A., Crauder, J.S., Parchaso, F., and Thompson, J.K., 2021, Bivalve metrics in the North San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q57NL0."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.87943679633386,\n 38.21596776184356\n ],\n [\n -122.87943679633386,\n 37.37464201681941\n ],\n [\n -121.47296304678717,\n 37.37464201681941\n ],\n [\n -121.47296304678717,\n 38.21596776184356\n ],\n [\n -122.87943679633386,\n 38.21596776184356\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Water Resources, Earth System Processes Division
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Nature-based features, also called living shorelines, are increasingly applied in coastal protection and restoration. However, the processes and mechanisms (feedbacks and interactions) of wave attenuation, current velocity change, and sediment deposition and erosion along the living shoreline remain unclear, thus limiting the adaptive management of living shoreline restoration projects for coastal shoreline resilience under future storm conditions. In this study, wave, current, and sediment dynamics along the Little Toms Cove living shoreline, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, a low wave energy environment, were investigated during a 2-month winter period in 2019 to examine the effects of living shoreline structures on shoreline protection and oyster habitat enhancement. It was found that wave attenuation by the living shoreline structures (oyster castles or constructed oyster reefs) is dependent on water depth, wind speed, wind direction, and local bathymetry. Analysis of observed data indicate that the oyster castles along the Little Toms Cove living shoreline play a limited role in wave attenuation in this low wave energy environment. During the 2-month winter period, wave energy was attenuated by 39.7 percent when oyster castles were emergent or slightly submerged with southwest winds. In contrast, when the oyster castles were fully submerged, wave energy behind the oyster castles increased by 38.6 percent. The construction of oyster castles affected circulation patterns with increase or decrease in velocity at nearshore waters protected by the castles depending on locations of measurements in relation to the oyster castles. Bottom shear stress analysis indicates that tidal currents play a larger role than waves on shoreline and marsh edge erosion along the Little Toms Cove shoreline during the 2 months of field monitoring. The oyster castles protecting the marsh edge and tidal flat from erosion resulted in higher fine sediment concentration in the water column landward of the castles because more sediment was retained in the lee side of the castles. It is important to maximize sediment within the wetlands and adjacent mudflats behind the oyster castles. Erosion from the marsh edge and interior serves as the major source of sediment for this wetland system due to the limited sediment supply in Assateague Channel. Furthermore, it was found that the oyster castles along the Little Toms Cove living shoreline were inundated more than 60 percent of the time, leading to the enhanced oyster habitat as evidenced by suitable velocity (less than 10 centimeters per second) and mean grain size (less than 0.08 millimeters) for oyster feeding and the increased oyster shell density and growth in the intertidal zone protected by the castles than in the control area. More field data (for example, concurrent monitoring of sediment concentration and salinity) over other seasons (for example, summer) could help examine the long term and combined engineering and ecological benefits of living shoreline restoration projects under seasonal and enhanced future storm conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231020","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Northeastern University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, Louisiana State University, and Shippensburg University","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Chen, Q., Wang, N., Capurso, W.D., Niemoczynski, L.M., Zhu, L., Snedden, G.A., Holcomb, K.S., Lusk, B.W., Wilson, C.A., and Cornell, S.R., 2023, Monitoring of wave, current, and sediment dynamics along the Chincoteague living shoreline, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1020, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231020.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 32 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147055","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415665,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1020/ofr20231020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1020 pdf"},{"id":415664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":415667,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1020/images"},{"id":415669,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CUF4UZ","text":"U.S. Geological Survey data release—Field observation of wind waves (2019) along the Chincoteague Living Shoreline, Virginia"},{"id":415670,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P903FIH7","text":"U.S. Geological Survey data release—Field observation of current velocities (2019) along the Chincoteague Living Shoreline, Virginia"},{"id":415736,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1020/ofr20231020.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2023-1020 XML"},{"id":415737,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231020/full","description":"OFR 2023-1020 HTML"},{"id":499771,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114662.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Bay, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Little Tom's Cove","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.32920735620297,\n 37.90602658439137\n ],\n [\n -75.43123250187875,\n 37.90602658439137\n ],\n [\n -75.43123250187875,\n 37.83932564463906\n ],\n [\n -75.32920735620297,\n 37.83932564463906\n ],\n [\n -75.32920735620297,\n 37.90602658439137\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st St.
Gainesville, FL 32653
For additional information, visit
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
Rapid population growth and development in the southeastern United States have resulted in substantial impairment to freshwater aquatic ecosystems. National or regional restoration policies strive to address impaired ecosystems but can suffer from inconsistent and opaque processes. The Clean Water Act, for example, establishes reallocation mechanisms to transfer ecosystem services from sites of disturbance to compensation sites to offset aquatic resource functions that are unavoidably lost through land development. However, planning for the prioritization of compensatory mitigation areas is often hampered by unstructured decision-making processes that are narrowly framed because they are not co-produced with stakeholders affected by, or having an interest in, the impacts and mitigation. This summary report represents the collaborative efforts of the U.S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services, to co-develop an applied decision framework following the principles of structured decision-making for prioritizing watershed catchments by their potential for realizing a range of beneficial outcomes from future mitigation projects. The framework focuses on supporting the State’s nationally recognized stream and wetlands compensatory mitigation program by clarifying a discrete decision problem and specifying agency and stakeholder values to formulate fundamental and means objectives for prioritizing restoration sites. The co-development of this decision framework resulted in a number of useful insights from the perspective of the decision maker, including recognition (1) that the problem is a multi-objective decision driven by values beyond restoring lost functionality of ecosystems (that is, biogeophysical goals), (2) that the decision comprises a linked and sequential planning-to-implementation process, and (3) that future risk associated with land-use and climate change must be considered. The outcomes of this collaboration can serve as a systematic and transparent framework to prioritize a wide range of restoration, conservation, and resource-allocation activities in similar environmental contexts across the Nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"García, A.M., Eaton, M., Sanchez, G.M., Keisman, J.L., Ullman, K., and Blackwell, J., 2023, Value-aligned planning objectives for restoring North Carolina aquatic resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1058, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221058.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-125133","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414972,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1058/ofr20221058.XML"},{"id":414969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1058/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":414970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1058/ofr20221058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1058"},{"id":499718,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114653.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414973,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1058/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.718015,35.209377],[-75.684006,35.232913],[-75.664512,35.227514],[-75.630358,35.238487],[-75.599005,35.256253],[-75.596915,35.269491],[-75.581935,35.263917],[-75.535741,35.272856],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.487678,35.485056],[-75.487528,35.525889],[-75.47861,35.553069],[-75.48133,35.622896],[-75.487678,35.648287],[-75.507385,35.680564],[-75.515397,35.73038],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.522232,35.774178],[-75.496086,35.728515],[-75.458659,35.596597],[-75.471355,35.479615],[-75.486771,35.391652],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.533627,35.225825],[-75.560225,35.232048],[-75.610101,35.227514],[-75.769705,35.180359],[-75.944725,35.105091],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-76.013561,35.068832],[-75.99188,35.092395],[-75.989175,35.115165],[-75.98395,35.120042],[-75.9547,35.1196],[-75.893942,35.150433],[-75.801444,35.183079],[-75.785729,35.194244],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-75.675245,35.929024],[-75.65954,35.919564],[-75.662019,35.906522],[-75.64512,35.905788],[-75.62767,35.883149],[-75.616833,35.856331],[-75.619772,35.847606],[-75.614361,35.815659],[-75.620454,35.809253],[-75.63898,35.818639],[-75.667891,35.82354],[-75.675054,35.830204],[-75.660086,35.83861],[-75.663356,35.869835],[-75.67283,35.882423],[-75.681415,35.88398],[-75.697672,35.901639],[-75.696871,35.909556],[-75.702165,35.915428],[-75.723782,35.925569],[-75.727251,35.93362],[-75.718266,35.939714],[-75.705323,35.939403],[-75.675245,35.929024]]],[[[-76.12236,36.550621],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.818735,36.357579],[-75.773329,36.231529],[-75.71831,36.113674],[-75.658537,36.02043],[-75.569794,35.863301],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-75.543259,35.779691],[-75.573083,35.828867],[-75.588878,35.844926],[-75.619151,35.889415],[-75.620114,35.925288],[-75.648899,35.965758],[-75.668379,35.978394],[-75.678909,35.993925],[-75.723662,36.003139],[-75.727084,36.01051],[-75.722609,36.037362],[-75.737088,36.040784],[-75.74051,36.046839],[-75.73972,36.07527],[-75.75572,36.153922],[-75.783676,36.215949],[-75.811588,36.244014],[-75.808165,36.259545],[-75.814483,36.285344],[-75.822907,36.291662],[-75.837913,36.294558],[-75.845284,36.305614],[-75.841335,36.328517],[-75.831858,36.339047],[-75.831595,36.346418],[-75.836201,36.363135],[-75.85147,36.379456],[-75.85147,36.415785],[-75.864106,36.430527],[-75.888325,36.441583],[-75.899908,36.482124],[-75.907279,36.485809],[-75.924127,36.482124],[-75.935473,36.490601],[-75.972545,36.494671],[-76.003708,36.506235],[-76.023627,36.500778],[-76.031949,36.482496],[-76.012337,36.447462],[-75.98005,36.435464],[-75.962285,36.41724],[-75.940676,36.41885],[-75.928369,36.428588],[-75.923601,36.425788],[-75.916409,36.38901],[-75.923331,36.361863],[-75.895285,36.319615],[-75.882154,36.284674],[-75.864933,36.284674],[-75.86052,36.280607],[-75.867356,36.252483],[-75.864154,36.235522],[-75.858703,36.222628],[-75.848838,36.21657],[-75.838367,36.200129],[-75.839924,36.17711],[-75.823915,36.158332],[-75.822531,36.145957],[-75.800378,36.112728],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-75.836084,36.092616],[-75.867792,36.127262],[-75.863914,36.159226],[-75.882987,36.186807],[-75.910658,36.212157],[-75.922344,36.244122],[-75.94984,36.25787],[-75.96462,36.254433],[-75.957058,36.247903],[-75.945372,36.222468],[-75.956027,36.198065],[-75.936436,36.18088],[-75.904999,36.164188],[-75.939047,36.165518],[-76.016984,36.186367],[-76.029086,36.202036],[-76.043838,36.210126],[-76.054308,36.229162],[-76.08148,36.237935],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.188717,36.281242],[-76.171378,36.265806],[-76.149486,36.263902],[-76.115851,36.214219],[-76.080106,36.19944],[-76.05992,36.15514],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.092555,36.135794],[-76.178946,36.123424],[-76.206873,36.137521],[-76.254064,36.18419],[-76.273316,36.189062],[-76.27699,36.184952],[-76.247401,36.161823],[-76.228527,36.130647],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.216599,36.095409],[-76.265037,36.104886],[-76.329921,36.133396],[-76.373571,36.138208],[-76.3935,36.163251],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.454414,36.189901],[-76.456061,36.183577],[-76.375892,36.12042],[-76.346418,36.121023],[-76.334965,36.110903],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.303998,36.092776],[-76.323478,36.084879],[-76.355069,36.086458],[-76.410878,36.078034],[-76.420881,36.06066],[-76.451418,36.039073],[-76.459316,36.024331],[-76.491959,36.018013],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.547505,36.009852],[-76.580674,36.00722],[-76.60384,36.033018],[-76.615423,36.037757],[-76.653332,36.035124],[-76.676484,36.043612],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.719401,36.199441],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.744436,36.212725],[-76.7521,36.147328],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.679657,35.991951],[-76.70019,35.964573],[-76.692376,35.945342],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.528551,35.944039],[-76.473795,35.960888],[-76.460632,35.970365],[-76.398242,35.984317],[-76.38192,35.971681],[-76.381394,35.96273],[-76.362966,35.942197],[-76.340327,35.94325],[-76.317687,35.946935],[-76.272408,35.972734],[-76.213966,35.988002],[-76.176585,35.993267],[-76.093697,35.993001],[-76.083131,35.989845],[-76.062071,35.993004],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.014159,35.957202],[-76.01995,35.934036],[-76.014353,35.920746],[-76.063203,35.853433],[-76.050485,35.806689],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-76.036393,35.690344],[-76.046361,35.659067],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-76.029863,35.649443],[-76.013808,35.669103],[-75.9869,35.768194],[-75.987148,35.836967],[-75.97783,35.897181],[-75.962562,35.901393],[-75.94782,35.920347],[-75.927286,35.93193],[-75.92676,35.940354],[-75.943608,35.952464],[-75.947293,35.959835],[-75.899382,35.977209],[-75.84989,35.976156],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.800926,35.944566],[-75.782498,35.935615],[-75.778813,35.918241],[-75.751961,35.878227],[-75.748276,35.852428],[-75.734587,35.839266],[-75.727216,35.822703],[-75.726689,35.811361],[-75.739357,35.770994],[-75.724743,35.742892],[-75.71294,35.69849],[-75.713502,35.693993],[-75.741605,35.672073],[-75.742167,35.655212],[-75.729802,35.625985],[-75.747225,35.610248],[-75.778138,35.592262],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-75.837154,35.570904],[-75.859636,35.586641],[-75.895045,35.573152],[-75.916403,35.538305],[-75.950126,35.530998],[-75.964178,35.511326],[-75.963053,35.493903],[-75.987222,35.484348],[-75.995652,35.475355],[-75.997901,35.453435],[-76.009704,35.442194],[-76.01139,35.423084],[-76.020945,35.410719],[-76.025441,35.408471],[-76.050171,35.415778],[-76.059726,35.410157],[-76.063661,35.405099],[-76.059726,35.383741],[-76.069281,35.370813],[-76.132793,35.349455],[-76.14291,35.338776],[-76.14291,35.32866],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.182254,35.336528],[-76.20586,35.336528],[-76.235087,35.350017],[-76.253072,35.350017],[-76.257569,35.344397],[-76.265437,35.343273],[-76.282299,35.345521],[-76.304781,35.355638],[-76.327263,35.356762],[-76.335132,35.355638],[-76.340752,35.346645],[-76.349745,35.345521],[-76.382344,35.356762],[-76.399206,35.348893],[-76.408199,35.350017],[-76.431805,35.362383],[-76.436301,35.37812],[-76.448666,35.383741],[-76.462156,35.380368],[-76.472273,35.371375],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.540292,35.410657],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.456427,35.550546],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.48358,35.538172],[-76.55679,35.528892],[-76.600441,35.538516],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.601472,35.460838],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-76.606041,35.387113],[-76.710083,35.427155],[-76.759234,35.418906],[-76.830897,35.447949],[-76.942022,35.473529],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-77.026638,35.490569],[-76.967214,35.438296],[-76.891938,35.433649],[-76.664027,35.345696],[-76.500375,35.321915],[-76.482389,35.314046],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.467776,35.261213],[-76.477893,35.243228],[-76.490258,35.233111],[-76.494755,35.212877],[-76.521733,35.192643],[-76.536346,35.174657],[-76.539719,35.166788],[-76.536346,35.142058],[-76.546463,35.122948],[-76.557704,35.116204],[-76.568945,35.097094],[-76.60042,35.067867],[-76.631895,35.056626],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.989778,35.045484],[-76.977404,35.004926],[-76.89354,34.957495],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.635072,34.989116],[-76.588055,34.991428],[-76.566697,34.998173],[-76.502623,35.007166],[-76.491382,35.017283],[-76.490258,35.034144],[-76.474521,35.070116],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.435762,35.057941],[-76.425461,35.001464],[-76.395625,34.975179],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.326361,34.976245],[-76.329557,34.986901],[-76.364367,35.034853],[-76.318546,35.020645],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.296524,34.976245],[-76.275567,34.960971],[-76.277698,34.940014],[-76.347673,34.872171],[-76.368274,34.872881],[-76.379641,34.86258],[-76.400242,34.855476],[-76.463016,34.785076],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.586236,34.698805],[-76.582421,34.767757],[-76.604796,34.787482],[-76.620606,34.784389],[-76.616567,34.714059],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.673537,34.70757],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.383827,34.807906],[-76.322808,34.86116],[-76.233672,34.925926],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.069906,35.075701],[-76.043621,35.070017],[-76.035933,35.058987],[-76.137269,34.987858],[-76.233088,34.905477],[-76.31021,34.852309],[-76.386804,34.784579],[-76.494068,34.66197],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-76.555196,34.615993],[-76.549343,34.645585],[-76.579467,34.660174],[-76.642939,34.677618],[-76.676312,34.693151],[-76.770044,34.696899],[-76.817453,34.693722],[-76.990262,34.669623],[-77.136843,34.632926],[-77.209161,34.605032],[-77.322524,34.535574],[-77.462922,34.471354],[-77.556943,34.417218],[-77.661673,34.341868],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.829209,34.162618],[-77.878161,34.067963],[-77.915536,33.971723],[-77.946568,33.912261],[-77.960172,33.853315],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.009973,33.861406],[-78.018689,33.888289],[-78.095429,33.906031],[-78.17772,33.914272],[-78.276147,33.912364],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.509042,33.865515],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.05042,35.131048],[-81.044391,35.147918],[-81.239358,35.159974],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.314863,35.191089],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.36899,35.181747],[-82.379712,35.186884],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.390439,35.215395],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.417597,35.200131],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.448969,35.165037],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-83.620185,34.992091],[-83.619985,34.986592],[-84.321869,34.988408],[-84.29024,35.225572],[-84.28322,35.226577],[-84.223718,35.269078],[-84.211818,35.266078],[-84.202879,35.255772],[-84.200117,35.244679],[-84.188417,35.239979],[-84.170416,35.245779],[-84.12889,35.243679],[-84.12115,35.250644],[-84.097508,35.247382],[-84.081117,35.261146],[-84.052612,35.269982],[-84.02141,35.301383],[-84.02651,35.309283],[-84.03501,35.311983],[-84.029377,35.333197],[-84.038081,35.348363],[-84.024756,35.353896],[-84.007586,35.371661],[-84.008207,35.389683],[-84.021782,35.407418],[-84.00225,35.422548],[-83.992568,35.438065],[-83.973057,35.448921],[-83.971439,35.455145],[-83.966656,35.454941],[-83.961054,35.462838],[-83.949389,35.461164],[-83.937015,35.471511],[-83.911773,35.476028],[-83.905612,35.48906],[-83.880074,35.518745],[-83.859261,35.521851],[-83.848502,35.519259],[-83.827428,35.524653],[-83.802434,35.541588],[-83.780129,35.550387],[-83.771736,35.562118],[-83.749894,35.561146],[-83.735669,35.565455],[-83.723459,35.561874],[-83.707199,35.568533],[-83.676268,35.570289],[-83.640498,35.566075],[-83.608889,35.579451],[-83.582,35.562684],[-83.56609,35.565993],[-83.498335,35.562981],[-83.485527,35.568204],[-83.479317,35.582764],[-83.455722,35.598045],[-83.445802,35.611803],[-83.421576,35.611186],[-83.396626,35.62272],[-83.388602,35.632352],[-83.366941,35.638728],[-83.35156,35.659858],[-83.334965,35.665471],[-83.321101,35.662815],[-83.312757,35.654809],[-83.297154,35.65775],[-83.290682,35.672638],[-83.258117,35.691924],[-83.255489,35.714974],[-83.251247,35.719916],[-83.240669,35.72676],[-83.214501,35.724434],[-83.18837,35.729798],[-83.159208,35.764892],[-83.120183,35.766234],[-83.07403,35.790016],[-83.036209,35.787405],[-83.001473,35.773752],[-82.992053,35.773948],[-82.964088,35.78998],[-82.961724,35.800491],[-82.945515,35.824662],[-82.920171,35.841664],[-82.918312,35.863977],[-82.901301,35.872593],[-82.901843,35.890274],[-82.911936,35.921618],[-82.901577,35.931446],[-82.898506,35.9451],[-82.874159,35.952698],[-82.860724,35.94743],[-82.852554,35.949089],[-82.826045,35.929721],[-82.82257,35.922531],[-82.804997,35.927168],[-82.805771,35.935316],[-82.800431,35.944155],[-82.787465,35.952163],[-82.785356,35.96253],[-82.774905,35.971978],[-82.785558,35.977795],[-82.785267,35.987927],[-82.776001,36.000103],[-82.750065,36.006004],[-82.688865,36.038604],[-82.684765,36.045004],[-82.637165,36.065805],[-82.618664,36.056105],[-82.618164,36.047005],[-82.609663,36.044906],[-82.596177,36.03188],[-82.595525,36.026012],[-82.614362,36.003506],[-82.613028,35.994],[-82.604239,35.987319],[-82.610889,35.967409],[-82.581003,35.965557],[-82.576678,35.959255],[-82.557874,35.953901],[-82.549682,35.964275],[-82.507068,35.977475],[-82.483498,35.996284],[-82.460658,36.007809],[-82.409458,36.083409],[-82.355157,36.115609],[-82.336756,36.114909],[-82.321448,36.119551],[-82.289455,36.13571],[-82.270954,36.12761],[-82.260353,36.13371],[-82.247521,36.130865],[-82.213852,36.159112],[-82.182549,36.143714],[-82.147948,36.149516],[-82.136547,36.128817],[-82.137974,36.119576],[-82.127146,36.104417],[-82.105444,36.108119],[-82.080303,36.105728],[-82.061342,36.113121],[-82.054142,36.126821],[-82.033141,36.120422],[-81.908137,36.302013],[-81.879382,36.313767],[-81.857333,36.334787],[-81.841268,36.343321],[-81.800812,36.358073],[-81.766102,36.338517],[-81.730976,36.341187],[-81.707438,36.335171],[-81.707785,36.346007],[-81.721334,36.353101],[-81.732865,36.376502],[-81.729813,36.388033],[-81.737952,36.39719],[-81.739648,36.406686],[-81.720734,36.422537],[-81.715229,36.436532],[-81.71489,36.45722],[-81.695311,36.467912],[-81.697829,36.507544],[-81.707573,36.526101],[-81.707963,36.536209],[-81.699962,36.536829],[-81.69003,36.552154],[-81.690236,36.568718],[-81.677036,36.570718],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-80.837954,36.559131],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-76.916989,36.550742],[-76.12236,36.550621]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3916 Sunset Ridge Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1711 Illinois Street
Golden, Colorado 80401
This preliminary geologic map presents mapping of the Leuhman Ridge area of Edwards Air Force Base, California, conducted between April 2020 and June 2021. The report focuses on surficial materials and bedrock to evaluate potential faults and other geologic features that may influence groundwater movement. The preliminary work confirms that the Spring Fault, previously mapped by Dibblee (1960, 1967), is a Quaternary-active fault but does not find convincing evidence to support the existence of the Leuhman Fault (Dibblee, 1960; 1967) within the map area. Several more possible and probable faults are identified by a combination of geomorphic lineaments and brecciated rock. Pleistocene and Holocene eolian deposits are widespread, manifesting as sand sheets, dunes, and admixtures into alluvial fans. Also, an incised pediment forms much of the upland south of Leuhman Ridge. In general, field observations indicate that Quaternary alluvial and eolian deposits are thin; this suggests that secondary bedrock porosity and permeability, defined by degree of weathering and fracture density that includes fault-related fracturing, are more important factors in the location and flow patterns of groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center","usgsCitation":"Cyr, A.J., and Miller, D.M., 2023, Preliminary surficial geologic map of Leuhman Ridge and the surrounding area, Edwards Air Force Base and Air Force Research Laboratory, Kern and San Bernardino Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1014, 1 sheet, scale 1:18,000, pamphlet 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231014.","productDescription":"Report: v, 15 p.; 1 Sheet: 47.90 × 32.88 inches; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129408","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1014/ofr20231014_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1014/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":415173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1014/ofr20231014_sheet.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415175,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WTKPBP","text":"Digital database for the preliminary surficial geologic map of Leuhman Ridge and the surrounding area, Edwards Air Force Base and Air Force Research Laboratory, Kern and San Bernardino Counties, California","description":"Cyr, A.J., and Miller, D.M., 2023, Digital database for the preliminary surficial geologic map of Leuhman Ridge and the surrounding area, Edwards Air Force Base and Air Force Research Laboratory, Kern and San Bernardino Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WTKPBP."},{"id":499737,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114652.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415176,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IXG2JX","text":"Data release for luminescence—Edwards Air Force Base (CA) and CA Water Science Center report including luminescence data and ages","description":"Mahan, S.A., Gray, H.J., Cyr, A.J., Krolczyk, E.T., and Miller, D.M., 2021, Data release for luminescence—Edwards Air Force Base (CA) and CA Water Science Center report including luminescence data and ages: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IXG2JX."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County, San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base and Air Force Research Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.40677059742858,\n 35.245770173761414\n ],\n [\n -118.40677059742858,\n 34.35458990295869\n ],\n [\n -116.97271146209192,\n 34.35458990295869\n ],\n [\n -116.97271146209192,\n 35.245770173761414\n ],\n [\n -118.40677059742858,\n 35.245770173761414\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035