Significant variation in mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation is observed across the diversity of freshwater ecosystems in North America. While there is support for the major drivers of Hg bioaccumulation, the relative influence of different external factors can vary widely among waterbodies, which makes predicting Hg risk across large spatial scales particularly challenging. We modeled Hg bioaccumulation by coupling Hg concentrations in more than 21,000 dragonflies collected across the United States from 2008 to 2021 with a suite of chemical (e.g., dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, sulfate) and landscape (e.g., soil characteristics, land cover) variables representing external drivers of Hg methylation, transport, and uptake. Model predictions explained 85% of the variation in dragonfly Hg concentrations across the United States. Certain predictor variables were more important than others (e.g., DOC, pH, and percent wetland), and they varied among waterbodies. Variation in Hg bioaccumulation was explained by including habitat and ecosystem type in a hierarchical modeling framework, which confirms the context-dependency of external factors in explaining Hg bioaccumulation across disparate freshwater ecosystems. This continent-scale model provides valuable insights into the processes underlying landscape-scale patterns in Hg exposure risk and demonstrates that drivers of Hg methylation and bioaccumulation are habitat- and ecosystem-dependent.
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These features are the most definitive examples of wave ripples on another planet. The ripples occur in two stratigraphic intervals within the orbitally defined Layered Sulfate Unit: a thin but laterally extensive unit at the base of the Amapari member of the Mirador formation, and a sandstone lens within the Contigo member of the Mirador formation. In both locations, the ripples have an average wavelength of ~4.5 centimeters. Internal laminae and ripple morphology show an architecture common in wave-influenced environments where wind-generated surface gravity waves mobilize bottom sediment in oscillatory flows. Their presence suggests formation in a shallow-water (<2 meters) setting that was open to the atmosphere, which requires atmospheric conditions that allow stable surface water.
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This study provides the first fine-scale, regionally modeled valuations of how flood risk reductions associated with hybrid coral reef restoration could benefit people, property, and economic activity along Florida and Puerto Rico’s 1005 kilometers of reef-lined coasts. Restoration of up to 20% of the regions’ coral reefs could provide flood reduction benefits greater than costs. Reef habitats with the greatest benefits are shallow, nearshore, and fronting low-lying, vulnerable communities, which are often where reef impacts and loss are the greatest. Minorities, children, the elderly, and those below the poverty line could receive more than double the hazard risk reduction benefits of the overall population, demonstrating that reef restoration as a nature-based solution can have positive returns on investment economically and socially by providing protection to the most vulnerable people.
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The vast majority of these studies have come from regions where yearly precipitation is dominated by “winter-wet” patterns, but this species has also demonstrated its ability to invade plant communities in “spring/summer-wet” areas as well. In grasslands of the Front Range of Colorado, a region experiencing a “spring/summer-wet” precipitation pattern, cheatgrass can exploit early-season soil moisture, but moderate rainfall continues into the growing season beyond the time of cheatgrass senescence. In this study, we measured how cheatgrass dominance changed over a 13-year interval in a disturbed meadow along the Front Range of Colorado with a “spring/summer-wet” precipitation pattern. Cheatgrass cover declined in absolute abundance by about 50% while total vegetation cover increased over this time period. The site was neither grazed nor burned during this interval. A “spring/summer-wet” precipitation pattern with high interannual variation in amounts occurred during the study, but no relationships between the seasonality or amounts of precipitation and the directional decline in cheatgrass abundance were observed. Rainout shelter manipulations showed that the seasonality of precipitation influenced cheatgrass abundance, with winter drought treatments reducing cheatgrass cover relative to plots that experienced summer drought treatments. The cheatgrass decline corresponded with a lesser decline in native grass cover and no change in native forb cover, while the abundance of non-native perennial grasses and forb species increased over the study interval. Although cheatgrass can invade communities across broad climatic gradients following disturbance, results from this study show that the persistence of cheatgrass within invaded areas may depend on the seasonality of precipitation and plant communities that vary across these gradients.
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Approaches for defining and mapping land use and land cover classes differ across Federal map products, reflecting the tailoring of product specifications to match specific agency needs. These differing approaches present a challenge when attempting to integrate and harmonize multiple land use and land cover products into single analysis or application frameworks. Nuanced understanding of how these products are designed and produced may not be immediately evident to users; however, the availability of a diverse suite of products also represents an opportunity, providing multiple approaches for observing landscape change. 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U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
El Paso County is the second-most populous county in Colorado and is projected to grow another 15 percent by 2030. Within El Paso County is the Upper Black Squirrel Creek Designated Groundwater Basin (Black Squirrel Basin), an area where surface water is scarce and water users rely primarily on groundwater from five different aquifers (the Upper Black Squirrel Creek alluvial aquifer and four bedrock aquifers within the Denver Basin aquifer system: the lower Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers) to meet their needs. Currently (2024), land within the Upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin is primarily used for rural grazing and agriculture; however, municipal development is ongoing.
In 2021, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Upper Black Squirrel Creek Ground Water Management District, began a study to establish a baseline dataset and assess the groundwater resources of the aquifers within the Black Squirrel Basin. A network of 39 wells was established in 2021; discrete groundwater-level measurements were made bimonthly. Nine of the 39 wells were equipped with pressure transducers to record hourly groundwater-level data. Seven wells had statistically significant seasonal trends, and trends at 3 wells were negative. For the discrete data, 16 wells had a significant trend for the study period, and 4 wells had negative trends. For the time-series data, 8 wells had significant trends, and 3 wells had negative trends.
Potentiometric surface maps were created for this study using discrete, static groundwater levels measured in April 2023. These maps showed the estimated groundwater flow direction from the north-northwest to the south-southeast in the alluvial aquifer and from the northwest to the east-southeast for the lower Dawson and Denver aquifer wells.
This study indicates the potential benefit of monitoring wells in the areas near municipal pumping. Additional monitoring could lead to a better understanding of connectivity between aquifers and be an important tool for assessing long-term sustainability of groundwater use.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Monitoring Network is a network of networks that includes the Climate Response Network (CRN). The CRN is a network of wells selected to monitor the effects of climate variability, including droughts, on groundwater systems within the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The primary purpose of the CRN is to monitor these effects on groundwater levels in unconfined or near-surface confined aquifers that are minimally affected by pumping or other human-induced stresses.
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Visit https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/observing-systems-division
Contact https://pubs.usgs.gov/contact
Groundwater drains to the land surface, generating the baseflow of streams, lakes, and wetlands. The hydrologic resilience of baseflow during prolonged dry periods and after disturbance can be assessed with evolving remote sensing analysis paired with localized monitoring of groundwater drainage features and creative model calibration strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00376-6","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M., 2025, Enhanced hydrologic monitoring and characterization of groundwater drainage features: Nature Water, v. 3, p. 2-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00376-6.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"3","ipdsId":"IP-172738","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":222759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70268847,"text":"70268847 - 2025 - Bayesian model selection to investigate meaningful spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T15:06:33.404154","indexId":"70268847","displayToPublicDate":"2025-01-14T10:04:12","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":27,"text":"Preprint"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":32,"text":"Preprint"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19836,"text":"Authorea","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":32}},"title":"Bayesian model selection to investigate meaningful spatial scales","docAbstract":"Ecologists and other statistical practitioners with access to high-resolution spatial data lack guidance on best approaches for discerning meaningful spatial scales for environmental covariates which is necessary when spatial factors influence environmental processes. Recently developed methods have attempted to automate investigating spatial scales for covariates by evaluating models for which potential explanatory variables are derived from concentric circles of increasing size centered at survey locations. However, these methods make a strong assumption on the inclusion of the covariate and do not help discern whether a covariate should be included in the model. We present an approach that utilizes researcher guidance to create informative priors on the model space that, along with parallelizable Reversible Jump MCMC techniques, enables efficient estimation of posterior model probabilities to assist with the choice of meaningful spatial scales for environmental covariates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Authorea","doi":"10.22541/au.173685828.82162349/v1","usgsCitation":"Hoegh, A., Irvine, K., Banner, K., de Wit. Luz, and Reichert, B., 2025, Bayesian model selection to investigate meaningful spatial scales: Authorea, preprint posted January 14, 2025, https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173685828.82162349/v1.","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175898","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173685828.82162349/v1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoegh, Andrew","contributorId":265906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoegh","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn 0000-0002-6426-940X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":221555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banner, Katharine M.","contributorId":244876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banner","given":"Katharine M.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Wit. Luz","contributorId":357726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Wit. Luz","affiliations":[{"id":12591,"text":"Bat Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reichert, Brian E. 0000-0002-9640-0695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-0695","contributorId":204260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichert","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70268898,"text":"70268898 - 2025 - How can we sea change? Audience subgroups and psychological cognitions to target in action-oriented ocean change communication","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T14:36:01.238428","indexId":"70268898","displayToPublicDate":"2025-01-14T09:33:30","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5220,"text":"Marine Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How can we sea change? Audience subgroups and psychological cognitions to target in action-oriented ocean change communication","docAbstract":"Climate change’s impacts on the oceans (“ocean change”) threaten people globally. Climate action is needed at multiple scales, from individual to collective action, and yet there is limited research on what motivates this action in response to ocean change. In this study, we conducted an online survey of residents of the state of Oregon, United States (n = 1414), to assess concerns, personal importance, and risk perceptions regarding ocean change and explore potential psychological cognitions to target in action-oriented communication efforts. Our latent class analysis identified four distinct audience subgroups ranging from individuals who are Doubtful (9 %) about ocean change to those who are Cautious (20 %), Concerned (33 %), and Alarmed (38 %). Audience subgroups varied in their climate action intentions and associated psychological cognitions (i.e., psychological distance, efficacy beliefs, social norm perceptions). The climate action intentions of the Alarmed and Concerned were positively predicted by all cognitions, those of the Cautious were significantly predicted by social norms (β = .15, p = .002) and efficacy beliefs (β = .34, p < .001), and those of the Doubtful were only predicted by efficacy beliefs (β = .23, p < .001). Across all four audiences, efficacy beliefs were strongly associated with intended climate action (β = .30, p < .001), suggesting efficacy beliefs may be a practical cognition to target in broad audience communication efforts on ocean change. These findings reinforce the importance of targeting specific psychological cognitions and, ideally, distinct audiences in ocean change communication efforts intending to motivate widespread climate action.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106585","usgsCitation":"Waldo, J., Needham, M., and Jones, M.S., 2025, How can we sea change? Audience subgroups and psychological cognitions to target in action-oriented ocean change communication: Marine Policy, v. 173, 106585, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106585.","productDescription":"106585, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171731","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106585","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"173","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldo, Jennifer L.","contributorId":357772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waldo","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, Mark D.","contributorId":357773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Needham","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Megan Siobhan 0000-0002-4284-3650","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-3650","contributorId":294651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"Siobhan","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70262095,"text":"ofr20241078 - 2025 - Review of the Lake Washington Ship Canal and Ballard Locks model, Seattle, Washington, 2014–20","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T15:35:39.574031","indexId":"ofr20241078","displayToPublicDate":"2025-01-13T14:18:55","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-1078","displayTitle":"Review of the Lake Washington Ship Canal and Ballard Locks Model, Seattle, Washington, 2014–20","title":"Review of the Lake Washington Ship Canal and Ballard Locks model, Seattle, Washington, 2014–20","docAbstract":"The Hiram M. Chittenden (Ballard) Locks and Lake Washington Ship Canal connect freshwater Lake Washington and saline Shilshole Bay of Puget Sound in Seattle, Washington. The locks and canal allow for ships to traverse this reach. Anadromous salmonids also migrate through, transitioning between saline and freshwater environments, and making use of a fish ladder at the locks when traveling upstream. WEST Consultants, Inc., constructed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water-quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) simulating flow, water temperature, and salinity for the Ballard Locks and the Lake Washington Ship Canal. An initial model was built for calendar years 2014–15, and the model was updated using a more recent and modern dataset for calendar years 2016–20. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requested that the U.S. Geological Survey review this model and its documentation to evaluate the technical aspects of its development and calibration. Findings from this review include the following:
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
601 SW Second Avenue, Suite 1950
Portland, Oregon 97204
In white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), closely related females form social groups, avoiding other social groups. Consequently, females infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD) are more likely to infect social group members. Culling has been used to reduce CWD transmission in high-risk areas; however, its effectiveness in removing related individuals has not been assessed. We analyzed 11 microsatellites and a mitochondrial DNA fragment to assess: (1) the genetic structure in white-tailed deer in Minnesota, USA and (2) the effectiveness of localized culling to remove related deer. For (1), we genotyped deer culled in 2019 and 2021 in three CWD management zones, and deer collected in between zones. For (2), we only included culled deer, defining “culled groups” as deer obtained in the same township-range-section and year. We compared mean relatedness among deer from the same culled group (intra-group relatedness) and among deer from different culled groups (inter-group relatedness). We did not find evidence of genetic structure, suggesting that an outbreak in any of the management zones could naturally spread to the others. Culling removed deer that were on average more related than expected by chance (intra-group relatedness > inter-group relatedness), and most highly-related deer were culled in the same bait site.
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Permafrost microorganisms are adapted to these extreme environments and remain active at low temperatures and when resources are limited. They are also an important component of global elemental cycles as they regulate organic matter turnover and greenhouse gas production, particularly as permafrost thaws. Here we review the permafrost microbiology literature coupled with an exploration of its historical aspects, with a particular focus on a new understanding advanced by molecular biology techniques. We further identify knowledge gaps and ways forward to improve our understanding of microbial contributions to ecosystem biogeochemistry of permafrost-affected systems.
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governance (human, ecosystem, and animal) and by identifying options that can improve full-system health. Although One Health has had many successes, its full realization may be inhibited by a lack of strategies to overcome simultaneous impediments in decision making and governance. Decision impediments that hinder management may include uncertainty, risk, resource limitations, and trade-offs among objectives. Governance impediments arise from disparities in costs and benefits of disease management among sectors. Tools and strategies developed from decision science, collaboration, and negotiation theory can help articulate and overcome coinciding decision and governance impediments and enhance multisectoral One Health initiatives. In cases where collaboration and negotiation are insufficient to address disparities in cross-sector costs and benefits, altering incentive structures might improve disease-specific outcomes and improve the realization of One Health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.2827","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., Campbell Grant, E.H., Ginsberg, H., Prosser, D., and Runge, M.C., 2025, Enhancing One Health outcomes using decision science and negotiation: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 23, no. 4, e2827, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2827.","productDescription":"e2827, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152577","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2827","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466415,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Jonathan D. 0000-0001-7000-8727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-8727","contributorId":291411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":347514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard S.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prosser, Diann 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":217931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262133,"text":"70262133 - 2025 - Chemostratigraphy of the Cretaceous Hue Shale in Arctic Alaska: Exploring paleoceanographic controls on trace element enrichment, organic matter accumulation, and source-rock evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-15T15:10:02.418523","indexId":"70262133","displayToPublicDate":"2025-01-12T09:05:35","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemostratigraphy of the Cretaceous Hue Shale in Arctic Alaska: Exploring paleoceanographic controls on trace element enrichment, organic matter accumulation, and source-rock evolution","docAbstract":"We document chemostratigraphy in an outcrop of late Albian to early Campanian (∼103–82 Ma) marine source rocks to better understand paleoenvironmental controls on trace element (TE) enrichment and organic matter accumulation in the distal Colville foreland basin of Arctic Alaska and how those drivers are linked to arc volcanism and successions of Cretaceous oceanographic and climatic biogeochemical events. This unique, 113-m-thick section of Cretaceous Hue Shale deposited during a series of previously undocumented Arctic Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events (Lease et al., 2024) is the only known exposure of thermally immature (0.48–0.52% Ro, random vitrinite reflectance) Hue Shale in Arctic Alaska. Strata comprise mainly clay-rich mudstone with elevated total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrogen index values reaching 26.3 wt% (mean = 7.5 wt%) and 689 mg hydrocarbon (HC)/g TOC (mean = 385 mg HC/g TOC), respectively. Maceral composition consists predominantly of fluorescent amorphous organic matter, with abundant brightly fluorescent alginite, including Tasmanites, acritarchs, and Leiosphaeridia. Discrete layers of volcanic ash (preserved as bentonite) are present throughout the section and provide quantitative age control based on U–Pb dates.
The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations. We report on the response to a mortality event observed predominantly in wild passerines in the eastern United States. The event began in May 2021 when wildlife rehabilitators and private citizens reported large numbers of sick and dead juvenile birds, mostly presenting as single cases with neurologic signs and/or ocular and periocular lesions. Early efforts by rehabilitators, veterinarians, state and federal wildlife agencies, and universities helped gather public reports and fuel rapid responses by government agencies. Collective efforts included live bird and carcass collections; submission to diagnostic laboratories and evaluation; information sharing; and coordinated messaging to stakeholders and interested parties. Extensive diagnostic evaluations failed to identify a causative pathogen or other etiology, although congruent results across laboratories have helped drive further investigation into alternative causes, such as nutritional deficiencies. This report highlights the strengths of a multi-agency, interdisciplinary investigation while exposing the need for an operational framework with approaches and resources dedicated to wildlife health.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010048","usgsCitation":"Greening, S., Ellis, J.C., Lewis, N., Needle, D., Tato, C., Knowles, S., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., Miller, J.L., Grear, D.A., Lorch, J., Blehert, D.S., Burrell, C., Murphy, L., Miller, E., Ogbunugafor, C., Ayala, A.J., Thomas, W., Kirchgessner, M.S., Casey, C., Barton, E.P., Yabsley, M.J., Anis, E., Gagne, R., Klein, P., Driscoll, C.P., Sykes, C., Poppenga, R.H., and Nemeth, N., 2025, An enigmatic wild passerine mortality event in the eastern United States: Veterinary Sciences, v. 12, no. 1, 48, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010048.","productDescription":"48, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152442","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010048","text":"Publisher Index 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We present an assessment of water limitation, defined as the monthly balance (difference) between water supply (ws) and human consumptive water use (wc), for the conterminous United States (CONUS) during water years 2010–2020. We estimate that 26.7 million Americans, 8% of CONUS population, live in areas with chronic high or severe water limitation. Although ws greatly exceeds wc at the CONUS scale, water is limited locally or regionally due to spatial and temporal patterns in climate and wc. Our water limitation metric, the monthly supply and use index (SUI), peaked in 2012 during a widespread drought when 38% of the CONUS land area experienced elevated water stress. The central and southwestern U.S. experienced the highest SUI due to the combination of low ws and high wc, especially for crop irrigation. Spatial overlays of SUI and habitat ranges for fish species, including those of conservation concern, revealed that several species had notable proportions of their habitat exposed to high or severe water limitation during spawning season over the modeled time period, especially the Arkansas River shiner. Water supply (ws) was calculated from two CONUS, physically based, hydrologic models while wc was calculated from three CONUS models of water use for crop irrigation, thermoelectric power generation, and public supply. The ws and wc values were routed through a stream network and used to calculate water limitation for human populations and fish species at the scale of 12-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUC12s, 50-100 km2 catchments) and then analyzed using SUI. Evaluation of water availability at higher spatial and temporal resolution promotes more comprehensive analyses of the drivers of water availability and can be combined with complementary studies of water quality and water limiting thresholds to better understand the limitations on water availability.
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Although Bd dynamics are well studied, the environmental drivers, exacerbating risk factors, and value of conservation interventions like translocations remain challenging to predict. Here, we present results from two decades of Bd monitoring for mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) in the southern California Transverse and Peninsular mountain ranges. We describe Bd prevalence and infection intensity across sites; model how variables associated with climate, habitat, and populations relate to prevalence; and integrate Bd data from wild and translocated frogs to test whether a machine learning system can predict infection prevalence at new sites. Our findings indicate substantial spatiotemporal variation in Bd dynamics. Bd was present at all sites but prevalence and infection intensities were often low. Environmental features including temperature, precipitation, vegetation, and shortwave radiation explained significant variation in Bd prevalence, but their predictive value varied across mountain ranges. Although clear environmental predictors across populations remain elusive, we provide evidence for the importance of warmer and wetter springs and winters, with implications of increased risk under climate change predictions. We also found evidence for higher Bd prevalence among translocated than wild frogs. Although our machine learning model predicted a Bd prevalence threshold with relatively high accuracy, understanding the factors driving within- and between-population Bd dynamics is complex. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the complicated role of Bd in amphibian declines and suggest revised management approaches.
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This improved understanding as captured in innovations in our data, knowledge, and modeling capabilities, needs to be accelerated through better integration and coordination across scientific disciplines, programs, and U.S. agencies. The Integrated Hydro-Terrestrial Modeling (IHTM) community holds promise to accelerate the progress required to manage the U.S. water resources sustainably, equitably, and effectively. The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) coordinates research on the impacts of global change on the water cycle through interagency collaboration. USGCRP agencies and their partners jointly held the IHTM 2.0 workshop for U.S. federal and non-federal scientists and managers in fall 2023, aiming to advance community modeling and integrated water resources management capabilities following open science principles. This workshop focused on developing both national and regional testbeds that employ state-of-the-art modeling approaches to explore gaps and opportunities for improving the representation and extensibility of hydrologic processes and modeling. Integrated regional testbeds in Mid-Atlantic, Great Lakes, Colorado River Basin, and Gulf Coast/Mississippi regions were proposed to leverage existing investments and seek actionable collaboration on issues such as water extremes, water quality, water use, and urbanization. Collaborations focused on advancing iterative cycles of model development and testing offer a means for regional scale studies to inform national scale modeling applications and yield nationally consistent modeling frameworks that are also locally relevant. This presentation will highlight key takeaways, findings, and future directions for the IHTM community that have been laid out in the IHTM 2.0 workshop report.","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Skalak, K., Voisin, N., Read, P., and Reinfelder, Y., 2025, Integrated Hydro-terrestrial Modeling 2.0: Progress and path forward on building a national capability, 98 p.","productDescription":"98 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172814","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481982,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.pnnl.gov/publications/integrated-hydro-terrestrial-modeling-20-progress-and-path-forward-building-national","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalak, Katherine 0000-0003-4122-1240 kskalak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-1240","contributorId":3990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"Katherine","email":"kskalak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voisin, Nathalie","contributorId":242715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voisin","given":"Nathalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38914,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Read, Patrick","contributorId":350756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Read","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reinfelder, Ying Fan","contributorId":350757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinfelder","given":"Ying Fan","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263711,"text":"70263711 - 2025 - DNA metabarcoding of biocrust lichen-forming fungi detects responses to disturbance and invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-20T15:32:50.247921","indexId":"70263711","displayToPublicDate":"2025-01-10T09:28:46","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DNA metabarcoding of biocrust lichen-forming fungi detects responses to disturbance and invasion","docAbstract":"Biocrusts dominated by bryophytes and lichens perform important functions in dryland ecosystems but monitoring these communities can be cost prohibitive over broad scales. We explored DNA metabarcoding as a potential tool for monitoring biocrust lichen communities at a site in Washington (U.S.A.) that had already been surveyed for lichen diversity and community composition. We developed a DNA reference library using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from specimens collected in the study area. We also visually estimated the abundance of lichen species or groups in 22 plots spanning a range of wildfire history and invasion by the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum. At these plots, we collected bulk lichen community samples for metabarcoding using two approaches: small sample dishes and combined biocrust fragments collected using tweezers from all species observed. We used PacBio sequencing to simultaneously generate ITS barcode sequences for all lichen-forming fungi (LFF) present in the bulk samples, clustering similar sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Lichen communities detected visually and using DNA metabarcoding both captured a reduction of biocrust diversity and change in community composition related to the abundance of B. tectorum, suggesting that metabarcoding was able to identify the same dominant ecological pattern in biocrust lichens as visual sampling. The tweezer sampling approach captured on average 12.3 more OTUs than the dish approach and some taxa were more consistently detected by one approach or the other. After using the specimen DNA reference library to identify species associated with LFF OTUs, we determined that metabarcoding and visual sampling detected overlapping but different lichen species. Metabarcoding failed to detect common collected taxa, including: Arthonia glebosa, Candelariella spp., Enchylium tenax, Lecanora muralis, Lecidella spp., Leptochidium albociliatum, Massalongia carnosa, and Trapeliopsis glaucopholis. However, metabarcoding detected OTUs not visually observed in the genera Elixia, Lecanora, Lecanoropsis, Bacidina, Pyrenodesmia, Xanthocarpia, Trapelia, Verrucaria, and Verruculopsis. Furthermore, metabarcoding identified greater OTU diversity than expected within Diploschistes muscorum, Trapeliopsis bisorediata, and Trapeliopsis steppica. Our results suggest that metabarcoding alone or combined with visual methods could be a useful approach for monitoring biocrust lichen communities and their response to disturbance, invasion, and potential restoration.
The southeastern United States (‘Southeast’) experiences high levels of fire activity, but the preponderance of small and prescribed fires means that existing burn severity products are incomplete across the region.
We developed and applied a burn severity model across the Southeast to enhance our understanding of regional burn severity patterns.
We used Composite Burn Index (CBI) plot data from across the conterminous US (CONUS) to train a gradient-boosted decision tree model. The model was optimised for the Southeast and applied to the annual Landsat Burned Area product for 2000–2022 across the region.
The burn severity model had a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.48 (R2 = 0.70) and 0.50 (R2 = 0.37) for the CONUS and Southeast, respectively. The Southeast, relative to CONUS, had lower mean absolute residuals in low and moderate burn severity categories. Burn severity was consistently lower in areas affected by prescribed burns relative to wildfires.
Although regional performance was limited by a lack of high burn severity CBI plots, the burn severity dataset demonstrated patterns consistent with low-severity, frequent fire regimes characteristic of Southeastern ecosystems.
More complete data on burn severity will enhance regional management of fire-dependent ecosystems and improve estimates of fuels and fire emissions.