Terrestrial plants are often limited by nitrogen (N) in arctic systems, but constraints of N supply on herbivores are typically considered secondary to those of energy. We tested the hypothesis that forage N is more limiting than energy for arctic caribou by collecting key forages (three species of graminoids, three species of woody browse, and one genus of forb) over three summers in the migratory range of the Central Arctic Herd in Alaska from the Brooks Range to the Coastal Plain on the Arctic Ocean. We combined in vitro digestion and detergent extraction to measure fiber, digestible energy, and usable fractions of N in forages (n = 771). Digestible energy content fell below the minimum threshold value of 9 kJ/g for one single forage group: graminoids, and only beyond 64–75 d from parturition (6 June), whereas all forages fell below the minimum threshold value for digestible N (1% of dry matter) before female caribou would have weaned their calves at 100 d from parturition. The window for digestible N was shortest for browse, which fell below 1% at 30–41 d from parturition, whereas digestible N contents of graminoids were adequate until 46–57 d from parturition. The low quality of browse as a source of N was also apparent from concentrations of available N (i.e., the N not bound to fiber) that were <1% at 72–80 d from parturition. The Coastal Plain may be favored by female caribou because available and digestible concentrations of N are not only greater than those on the Brooks Range, the window of usable N on the Coastal Plain extends the period of protein gain for females and their calves by 17 d. Conversely, inland areas with greater biomass and densities of digestible N than the Coastal Plain may be more favorable for large male caribou that begin gaining protein from spring to breed in autumn. Our study provides evidence that phenological windows for protein gain in caribou are both spatially and temporally dynamic and likely to affect the distribution and growth of the population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2073","usgsCitation":"Barboza, P.S., Van Someren, L.L., Gustine, D.D., and Bret-Harte, M., 2018, The nitrogen window for arctic herbivores: plant phenology and protein gain of migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus): Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 1, e02073, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2073.","productDescription":"e02073","ipdsId":"IP-088849","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2073","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee753e4b0da30c1bfc24b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Someren, Lindsay L.","contributorId":203877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Someren","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia","contributorId":201219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bret-Harte","given":"M. Syndonia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195125,"text":"70195125 - 2018 - Rapid colonization of a Hawaiian restoration forest by a diverse avian community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T10:53:49","indexId":"70195125","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid colonization of a Hawaiian restoration forest by a diverse avian community","docAbstract":"Deforestation of tropical forests has led to widespread loss and extirpation of forest bird species around the world, including the Hawaiian Islands which have experienced a dramatic loss of forests over the last 200–800 years. Given the important role birds play in forest ecosystem functions via seed dispersal and pollination, a bird community's response to forest restoration is an important measure of the success of such conservation actions. We evaluated the bird response to reforestation at an important bird sanctuary, Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai′i Island, using 26 years of bird count data. We show that most species from within the diverse avian community increased significantly, but species colonized the restoration forest at different rates. Distance from intact forest and time since restoration were both important predictors of colonization rate, interacting such that for most species it took more time to colonize areas farther from the intact forest. In addition, both forest cover and understory diversity helped to explain bird densities, but the effect varied among species, suggesting that different habitat requirements may help drive variation in colonization rates. This article provides the first detailed evaluation of how a diverse community of birds has responded to one of the largest, ongoing reforestation projects in Hawai′i.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12540","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E., Yelenik, S.G., Borneman, T.E., Rose, E., Camp, R., and Kendall, S.J., 2018, Rapid colonization of a Hawaiian restoration forest by a diverse avian community: Restoration Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 165-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12540.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"173","ipdsId":"IP-079984","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai′i","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"26","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e76e4b00f54eb2292fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":727061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yelenik, Stephanie G. 0000-0002-9011-0769 syelenik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":5251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"syelenik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borneman, Tracy E.","contributorId":145698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borneman","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Eli 0000-0003-0958-9491 etrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-9491","contributorId":194190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Eli","email":"etrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":194671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Steve J. 0000-0002-9290-5629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9290-5629","contributorId":169663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194778,"text":"70194778 - 2018 - Equilibrium and non-equilibrium controls on the abundances of clumped isotopologues of methane during thermogenic formation in laboratory experiments: Implications for the chemistry of pyrolysis and the origins of natural gases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T09:13:38","indexId":"70194778","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Equilibrium and non-equilibrium controls on the abundances of clumped isotopologues of methane during thermogenic formation in laboratory experiments: Implications for the chemistry of pyrolysis and the origins of natural gases","docAbstract":"Multiply isotopically substituted molecules (‘clumped’ isotopologues) can be used as geothermometers because their proportions at isotopic equilibrium relative to a random distribution of isotopes amongst all isotopologues are functions of temperature. This has allowed measurements of clumped-isotope abundances to be used to constrain formation temperatures of several natural materials. However, kinetic processes during generation, modification, or transport of natural materials can also affect their clumped-isotope compositions. Herein, we show that methane generated experimentally by closed-system hydrous pyrolysis of shale or nonhydrous pyrolysis of coal yields clumped-isotope compositions consistent with an equilibrium distribution of isotopologues under some experimental conditions (temperature–time conditions corresponding to ‘low,’ ‘mature,’ and ‘over-mature’ stages of catagenesis), but can have non-equilibrium (i.e., kinetically controlled) distributions under other experimental conditions (‘high’ to ‘over-mature’ stages), particularly for pyrolysis of coal. Non-equilibrium compositions, when present, lead the measured proportions of clumped species to be lower than expected for equilibrium at the experimental temperature, and in some cases to be lower than a random distribution of isotopes (i.e., negative Δ18 values). We propose that the consistency with equilibrium for methane formed by relatively low temperature pyrolysis reflects local reversibility of isotope exchange reactions involving a reactant or transition state species during demethylation of one or more components of kerogen. Non-equilibrium clumped-isotope compositions occur under conditions where ‘secondary’ cracking of retained oil in shale or wet gas hydrocarbons (C2-5, especially ethane) in coal is prominent. We suggest these non-equilibrium isotopic compositions are the result of the expression of kinetic isotope effects during the irreversible generation of methane from an alkyl precursor. Other interpretations are also explored. These findings provide new insights into the chemistry of thermogenic methane generation, and may provide an explanation of the elevated apparent temperatures recorded by the methane clumped-isotope thermometer in some natural gases. However, it remains unknown if the laboratory experiments capture the processes that occur at the longer time and lower temperatures of natural gas formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2017.11.024","usgsCitation":"Shuai, Y., Douglas, P.M., Zhang, S., Stolper, D.A., Ellis, G.S., Lawson, M., Lewan, M., Formolo, M., Mi, J., He, K., Hu, G., and Eiler, J.M., 2018, Equilibrium and non-equilibrium controls on the abundances of clumped isotopologues of methane during thermogenic formation in laboratory experiments: Implications for the chemistry of pyrolysis and the origins of natural gases: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 223, p. 159-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.11.024.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-085257","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qr487hm","text":"External Repository"},{"id":350024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad2e4b06e28e9c22733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shuai, Yanhua","contributorId":201375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuai","given":"Yanhua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, Peter M.J.","contributorId":201376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Shuichang","contributorId":201377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Shuichang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolper, Daniel A.","contributorId":201378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolper","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawson, Michael","contributorId":199115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawson","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewan, Michael 0000-0001-6347-1553 mlewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-1553","contributorId":173938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Formolo, Michael","contributorId":201379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Formolo","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mi, Jingkui","contributorId":201380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mi","given":"Jingkui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"He, Kun","contributorId":201381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Kun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hu, Guoyi","contributorId":201382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Guoyi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Eiler, John M.","contributorId":190125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70194702,"text":"70194702 - 2018 - Are ranger patrols effective in reducing poaching-related threats within protected areas?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T13:31:57","indexId":"70194702","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are ranger patrols effective in reducing poaching-related threats within protected areas?","docAbstract":"The salt marshes of Jamaica Bay serve as a recreational outlet for New York City residents, mitigate wave impacts during coastal storms, and provide habitat for critical wildlife species. Hurricanes have been recognized as one of the critical drivers of coastal wetland morphology due to their effects on hydrodynamics and sediment transport, deposition, and erosion processes. In this study, the Delft3D modeling suite was utilized to examine the effects of Hurricane Sandy (2012) on salt marsh morphology in Jamaica Bay. Observed marsh elevation change and accretion from rod Surface Elevation Tables and feldspar Marker Horizons (SET-MH) and hydrodynamic measurements during Hurricane Sandy were used to calibrate and validate the wind-waves-surge-sediment transport-morphology coupled model. The model results agreed well with in situ field measurements. The validated model was then used to detect salt marsh morphological change due to Sandy across Jamaica Bay. Model results indicate that the island-wide morphological changes in the bay's salt marshes due to Sandy were in the range of −30 mm (erosion) to +15 mm (deposition), and spatially complex and heterogeneous. The storm generated paired deposition and erosion patches at local scales. Salt marshes inside the west section of the bay showed erosion overall while marshes inside the east section showed deposition from Sandy. The net sediment amount that Sandy brought into the bay is only about 1% of the total amount of reworked sediment within the bay during the storm. Numerical experiments show that waves and vegetation played a critical role in sediment transport and associated wetland morphological change in Jamaica Bay. Furthermore, without the protection of vegetation, the marsh islands of Jamaica Bay would experience both more erosion and less accretion in coastal storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.001","usgsCitation":"Hu, K., Chen, Q., Wang, H., Hartig, E., and Orton, P.M., 2018, Numerical modeling of salt marsh morphological change induced by Hurricane Sandy: Coastal Engineering, v. 132, p. 63-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-083439","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Jamaica Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.81782531738281,\n 40.65147128144057\n ],\n [\n -73.85181427001953,\n 40.648085029646715\n ],\n [\n -73.87687683105469,\n 40.64079098062354\n ],\n [\n -73.90193939208984,\n 40.627763910481185\n ],\n [\n -73.91189575195312,\n 40.60092013543081\n ],\n [\n -73.89644622802734,\n 40.577977105192225\n ],\n [\n -73.86932373046875,\n 40.57093618838665\n ],\n [\n -73.81473541259766,\n 40.58814601026153\n ],\n [\n -73.76667022705078,\n 40.595706501568905\n ],\n [\n -73.75980377197266,\n 40.622291783092706\n ],\n [\n -73.81782531738281,\n 40.65147128144057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad5e4b06e28e9c2276e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Kelin","contributorId":177218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Kelin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Q. 0000-0002-6540-8758","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-8758","contributorId":56532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":38331,"text":"Northeastern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":724672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Hongqing 0000-0002-2977-7732 wangh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-7732","contributorId":140432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongqing","email":"wangh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartig, Ellen K.","contributorId":179351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartig","given":"Ellen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orton, Philip M.","contributorId":179354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orton","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194576,"text":"70194576 - 2018 - Oak habitat recovery on California's largest islands: Scenarios for the role of corvid seed dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T12:34:48","indexId":"70194576","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oak habitat recovery on California's largest islands: Scenarios for the role of corvid seed dispersal","docAbstract":"Seed dispersal by birds is central to the passive restoration of many tree communities. Reintroduction of extinct seed dispersers can therefore restore degraded forests and woodlands. To test this, we constructed a spatially explicit simulation model, parameterized with field data, to consider the effect of different seed dispersal scenarios on the extent of oak populations. We applied the model to two islands in California's Channel Islands National Park (USA), one of which has lost a key seed disperser.
We used an ensemble modelling approach to simulate island scrub oak (Quercus pacifica) demography. The model was developed and trained to recreate known population changes over a 20-year period on 250-km2 Santa Cruz Island, and incorporated acorn dispersal by island scrub-jays (Aphelocoma insularis), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and gravity, as well as seed predation. We applied the trained model to 215-km2 Santa Rosa Island to examine how reintroducing island scrub-jays would affect the rate and pattern of oak population expansion. Oak habitat on Santa Rosa Island has been greatly reduced from its historical extent due to past grazing by introduced ungulates, the last of which were removed by 2011.
Our simulation model predicts that a seed dispersal scenario including island scrub-jays would increase the extent of the island scrub oak population on Santa Rosa Island by 281% over 100 years, and by 544% over 200 years. Scenarios without jays would result in little expansion. Simulated long-distance seed dispersal by jays also facilitates establishment of discontinuous patches of oaks, and increases their elevational distribution.
Synthesis and applications. Scenario planning provides powerful decision support for conservation managers. We used ensemble modelling of plant demographic and seed dispersal processes to investigate whether the reintroduction of seed dispersers could provide cost-effective means of achieving broader ecosystem restoration goals on California's second-largest island. The simulation model, extensively parameterized with field data, suggests that re-establishing the mutualism with seed-hoarding jays would accelerate the expansion of island scrub oak, which could benefit myriad species of conservation concern.
Losses of small mineral particles can be a significant physical process that affects the elemental composition of soils derived from sedimentary rocks. Shales, in particular, contain abundant clay-sized minerals that can be mobilized by simple disaggregation, and solutional weathering is limited because the parent rock is composed primarily of recalcitrant minerals previously subjected to continental weathering. Here, the dual-phase mass balance model is employed to quantify losses of small mineral particles as water dispersible colloids (WDCs) from three previously studied soil profiles along a hill slope at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHO). WDCs were isolated from soil in the laboratory to determine their mineralogical and elemental compositions. Clay minerals dominated WDCs, including illite, vermiculite, and chlorite inherited from the parent shale, along with neoformed kaolinite. Quartz present in bulk soil was generally excluded from WDCs. Elements of low solubility and/or bound in recalcitrant forms, like Rb in illite, were employed in tracer ratios in the dual-phase model. Aluminum, Ga, and Rb were enriched in WDCs, and Zr and Hf were partially excluded. Six different combinations of elements into tracer ratios (Al/Zr, Ga/Zr, Rb/Zr, Al/Hf, Ga/Hf, Rb/Hf) each yielded similar model results. Mass losses of WDCs were large, ranging from − 68 ± 7% to − 15 ± 5% relative to soil parent material in different parts of the profiles. Mass losses via solution were smaller, ranging from − 7 ± 2% to a gain of 6 ± 1% in part of one profile. Losses of WDCs account for > 90% of total mass loss, surpassing chemical dissolution, and therefore dominate the weathering portion of denudation at SSHO. Zirconium concentrations were 97–158 ppm in the generally ≤ 1 μm WDCs, suggesting colloidal, Zr-bearing phases. Model-quantified losses of Zr via WDCs were large, with a median loss of 41% relative to parent material. Such losses indicate systematic underestimates of weathering by traditional mass balance that uses Zr as an index element. Losses of Ca, Mg, and K via WDCs exceeded losses via solution, countering assumptions of base cation losses primarily via mineral dissolution. The results illustrate a geochemical fingerprint of physical weathering and the ability of the dual-phase model to quantify that weathering process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.040","usgsCitation":"Bern, C.R., and Yesavage, T., 2018, Dual-phase mass balance modeling of small mineral particle losses from sedimentary rock-derived soils: Chemical Geology, v. 476, p. 441-455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.040.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"455","ipdsId":"IP-082614","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"476","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, Carleton R. 0000-0002-8980-1781 cbern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-1781","contributorId":201152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton","email":"cbern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yesavage, Tiffany","contributorId":175456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yesavage","given":"Tiffany","affiliations":[{"id":27571,"text":"USGS volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194556,"text":"70194556 - 2018 - Loss of dendritic connectivity in southern California's urban riverscape facilitates decline of an endemic freshwater fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:26:39","indexId":"70194556","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of dendritic connectivity in southern California's urban riverscape facilitates decline of an endemic freshwater fish","docAbstract":"Life history adaptations and spatial configuration of metapopulation networks allow certain species to persist in extreme fluctuating environments, yet long-term stability within these systems relies on the maintenance of linkage habitat. Degradation of such linkages in urban riverscapes can disrupt this dynamic in aquatic species, leading to increased extinction debt in local populations experiencing environment-related demographic flux. We used microsatellites and mtDNA to examine the effects of collapsed network structure in the endemic Santa Ana sucker Catostomus santaanae of southern California, a threatened species affected by natural flood-drought cycles, ‘boom-and-bust’ demography, hybridization, and presumed artificial transplantation. Our results show a predominance of drift-mediated processes in shaping population structure, and that reverse mechanisms for counterbalancing the genetic effects of these phenomena have dissipated with the collapse of dendritic connectivity. We use approximate Bayesian models to support two cases of artificial transplantation, and provide evidence that one of the invaded systems better represents the historic processes that maintained genetic variation within watersheds than any remaining drainages where C. santaanae is considered native. We further show that a stable dry gap in the northern range is preventing genetic dilution of pure C. santaanae persisting upstream of a hybrid assemblage involving a non-native sucker, and that local accumulation of genetic variation in the same drainage is influenced by position within the network. This work has important implications for declining species that have historically relied on dendritic metapopulation networks to maintain source-sink dynamics in phasic environments, but no longer possess this capacity in urban-converted landscapes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.14445","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J.Q., Backlin, A.R., Galst-Cavalcante, C., O’Brien, J.W., and Fisher, R.N., 2018, Loss of dendritic connectivity in southern California's urban riverscape facilitates decline of an endemic freshwater fish: Molecular Ecology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 369-386, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14445.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"386","ipdsId":"IP-079187","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z31XMZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Microsatellite genotype scores for a contemporary, range-wide sample of Santa Ana sucker in southern California"},{"id":349687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf4e4b06e28e9c229f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galst-Cavalcante, Carey","contributorId":201155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galst-Cavalcante","given":"Carey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, John W.","contributorId":201156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194696,"text":"70194696 - 2018 - Occurrence of dichloroacetamide herbicide safeners and co-applied herbicides in midwestern U.S. streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T11:15:36","indexId":"70194696","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5022,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","onlineIssn":"2328-8930","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of dichloroacetamide herbicide safeners and co-applied herbicides in midwestern U.S. streams","docAbstract":"Dichloroacetamide safeners (e.g., AD-67, benoxacor, dichlormid, and furilazole) are co-applied with chloroacetanilide herbicides to protect crops from herbicide toxicity. While such safeners have been used since the early 1970s, there are minimal data about safener usage, occurrence in streams, or potential ecological effects. This study focused on one of these research gaps, occurrence in streams. Seven Midwestern U.S. streams (five in Iowa and two in Illinois), with extensive row-crop agriculture, were sampled at varying frequencies from spring 2016 through summer 2017. All four safeners were detected at least once; furilazole was the most frequently detected (31%), followed by benoxacor (29%), dichlormid (15%), and AD-67 (2%). The maximum concentrations ranged from 42 to 190 ng/L. Stream detections and concentrations of safeners appear to be driven by a combination of timing of application (spring following herbicide application) and precipitation events. Detected concentrations were below known toxicity levels for aquatic organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00505","usgsCitation":"Woodward, E., Hladik, M., and Kolpin, D.W., 2018, Occurrence of dichloroacetamide herbicide safeners and co-applied herbicides in midwestern U.S. streams: Environmental Science & Technology Letters, v. 5, no. 1, p. 3-8, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00505.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-090680","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7CZ363N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Herbicide safeners and associated stream flow for water samples collected across Iowa and Illinois (2016-2017)."},{"id":349957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf6e4b06e28e9c22a1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Emily E. 0000-0001-9196-1349 ewoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-1349","contributorId":177364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Emily","email":"ewoodward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":201293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle L.","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194515,"text":"70194515 - 2018 - Estimating the per-capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: A modelling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-27T16:47:13","indexId":"70194515","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the per-capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: A modelling approach","docAbstract":"Every year, migratory species undertake seasonal movements along different pathways between discrete regions and habitats. The ability to assess the relative demographic contributions of these different habitats and pathways to the species’ overall population dynamics is critical for understanding the ecology of migratory species, and also has practical applications for management and conservation. Metrics for assessing habitat contributions have been well-developed for metapopulations, but an equivalent metric is not currently available for migratory populations. Here, we develop a framework for estimating the demographic contributions of the discrete habitats and pathways used by migratory species throughout the annual cycle by estimating the per capita contribution of cohorts using these locations. Our framework accounts for seasonal movements between multiple breeding and non-breeding habitats and for both resident and migratory cohorts. We illustrate our framework using a hypothetical migratory network of four habitats, which allows us to better understand how variations in habitat quality affect per capita contributions. Results indicate that per capita contributions for any habitat or pathway are dependent on habitat-specific survival probabilities in all other areas used as part of the migratory circuit, and that contribution metrics are spatially linked (e.g. reduced survival in one habitat also decreases the contribution metric for other habitats). Our framework expands existing theory on the dynamics of spatiotemporally structured populations by developing a generalized approach to estimate the habitat- and pathway-specific contributions of species migrating between multiple breeding and multiple non-breeding habitats for a range of life histories or migratory strategies. Most importantly, it provides a means of prioritizing conservation efforts towards those migratory pathways and habitats that are most critical for the population viability of migratory species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02718","usgsCitation":"Wiederholt, R., Mattsson, B.J., Thogmartin, W.E., Runge, M.C., Diffendorfer, J.E., Erickson, R.A., Federico, P., Lopez-Hoffman, L., Fryxell, J., Norris, D.R., and Sample, C., 2018, Estimating the per-capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: A modelling approach: Ecography, v. 41, no. 5, p. 815-824, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02718.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"824","ipdsId":"IP-076968","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60faf7e4b06e28e9c22a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiederholt, Ruscena","contributorId":149125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ruscena","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":201057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":55137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Federico, Paula","contributorId":201058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Federico","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lopez-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":149127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":17654,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment and Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fryxell, John","contributorId":201059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fryxell","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Norris, D. Ryan","contributorId":59734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sample, Christine","contributorId":201060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sample","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70217648,"text":"70217648 - 2018 - Varve formation during the past three centuries in three large proglacial lakes in south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T15:17:54.512541","indexId":"70217648","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-27T06:48:12","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Varve formation during the past three centuries in three large proglacial lakes in south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The sediments stored in the large, deep proglacial lakes of south-central Alaska are largely unstudied. We analyzed sediments in 20 cores, up to 160 cm long, from Eklutna, Kenai, and Skilak Lakes, using a combination of repeated lamination counting, radionuclide dating, event stratigraphy, and tephrochronology. We show that the characteristically rhythmic layers were deposited annually. Most of these glacial varves consist of one coarse-grained base and a fine-grained top, but varves composed of multiple coarse-grained turbidite pulses are common too. They are likely related to successive episodes of high sediment discharge during flooding, and they become more frequent in all three lakes, along with increased sedimentation rates, during the nineteenth century late phase of the Little Ice Age. These flood turbidites were generated by rain events and intense melting of snow and ice. Other (mega) turbidites are a result of earthquake-triggered slope collapses (e.g., A.D. 1964). Some event layers are present in all three lakes. In addition, the annual time series of varve thickness (normalized annual sedimentation rate) are significantly correlated among the three lakes (ρ > 0.27; p < 0.001). Differences between the varve thickness records can be attributed partly to the dam construction at Eklutna Lake and outbursts from an ice-dammed lake at Skilak Lake. Geomorphologic differences among the catchments result in further differences in sedimentation patterns in the three lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31792.1","usgsCitation":"Boes, E., Van Daele, M., Moernaut, J., Schmidt, S., Jensen, B.J., Praet, N., Kaufman, D., Haeussler, P., Loso, M.G., and De Batist, M., 2018, Varve formation during the past three centuries in three large proglacial lakes in south-central Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 130, no. 5-6, p. 757-774, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31792.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"774","ipdsId":"IP-087929","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eklutna Lake, Kenai Lake, Skilak Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": 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}\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boes, Evelin","contributorId":248432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boes","given":"Evelin","affiliations":[{"id":49903,"text":"Renard Centre of Marine Geology, Department of Geology, Ghent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Daele, Maarten 0000-0002-8530-4438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-4438","contributorId":194085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Daele","given":"Maarten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27279,"text":"Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moernaut, Jasper","contributorId":194084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moernaut","given":"Jasper","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Sabine","contributorId":194088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Sabine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, Britta J.L. 0000-0001-9134-7170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-7170","contributorId":244298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Britta","email":"","middleInitial":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Praet, Nore","contributorId":194083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Praet","given":"Nore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell","contributorId":215397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","affiliations":[{"id":39235,"text":"School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Loso, Michael G.","contributorId":146361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loso","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12915,"text":"Alaska Pacific University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"De Batist, Marc 0000-0002-1625-2080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-2080","contributorId":194089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Batist","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70236704,"text":"70236704 - 2018 - The Station Information System (SIS): A centralized seismic station repository for populating, managing, and distributing metadata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:03:03.984775","indexId":"70236704","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-22T09:50:33","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Station Information System (SIS): A centralized seismic station repository for populating, managing, and distributing metadata","docAbstract":"Creating, maintaining, and archiving accurate station metadata is critical for successful seismic network operations, data discovery, and research. The Station Information System (SIS) is a centralized repository of seismic station equipment inventory, instrument response, and site information of stations operated by regional seismic networks (RSNs) of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS; Filson and Arabasz, 2017). It has a web‐based user interface that enables the creation and manipulation of the corresponding metadata. The system can track the installation, maintenance, and removal of equipment from a site, which often results in the creation of new metadata epochs. SIS also computes the overall response, including gain, of a data channel by combining the responses of the underlying hardware components. SIS distributes this information in standard formats such as Federation of Digital Seismic Networks StationXML and dataless Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data. SIS can also be used to manage inventory of field equipment such as power, telemetry, or Global Positioning System antenna, as well as links to other site‐related repositories external to SIS to give the network operator the most complete view of a site and the overall network. This article summarizes the main features in SIS. We present its basic infrastructure, holdings, workflow, and how RSNs retrieve data from it. We also explain the reasoning to pursue one centralized repository and why it supports the goals of SIS and the ANSS. We demonstrate that by providing the ANSS network operator with a comprehensive site view, SIS enables the production of high‐quality metadata, a necessary prerequisite for producing high‐quality seismic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220170130","usgsCitation":"Yu, E., Acharya, P., Jaramillo, J., Kientz, S., Thomas, V., and Hauksson, E., 2018, The Station Information System (SIS): A centralized seismic station repository for populating, managing, and distributing metadata: Seismological Research Letters, v. 89, no. 1, p. 47-55, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170130.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-088648","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469155,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171127-131244965","text":"External Repository"},{"id":406843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Ellen","contributorId":222020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Ellen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acharya, Prabha","contributorId":296601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Acharya","given":"Prabha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaramillo, Justin","contributorId":296602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaramillo","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kientz, Sue","contributorId":296603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kientz","given":"Sue","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thomas, Valerie I. 0000-0001-6170-5563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6170-5563","contributorId":208162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Valerie I.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194250,"text":"70194250 - 2018 - A Holocene record of ocean productivity and upwelling from the northern California continental slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-27T16:49:28","indexId":"70194250","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Holocene record of ocean productivity and upwelling from the northern California continental slope","docAbstract":"The Holocene upwelling history of the northern California continental slope is examined using the high-resolution record of TN062-O550 (40.9°N, 124.6°W, 550 m water depth). This 7-m-long marine sediment core spans the last ∼7500 years, and we use it to test the hypothesis that marine productivity in the California Current System (CCS) driven by coastal upwelling has co-varied with Holocene millennial-scale warm intervals. A combination of biogenic sediment concentrations (opal, total organic C, and total N), stable isotopes (organic matter δ13C and bulk sedimentary δ15N), and key microfossil indicators of upwelling were used to test this hypothesis. The record of biogenic accumulation in TN062-O550 shows considerable Holocene variability despite being located within 50 km of the mouth of the Eel River, which is one of the largest sources of terrigenous sediment to the Northeast Pacific Ocean margin. A key time interval beginning at ∼2900 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP) indicates the onset of modern upwelling in the CCS, and this period also corresponds to the most intense period of upwelling in the last 7500 years. When these results are placed into a regional CCS context during the Holocene, it was found that the timing of upwelling intensification at TN062-O550 corresponds closely to that seen at nearby ODP Site 1019, as well as in the Santa Barbara Basin of southern California. Other CCS records with less refined age control show similar results, which suggest late Holocene upwelling intensification may be synchronous throughout the CCS. Based on the strong correspondence between the alkenone sea surface temperature record at ODP Site 1019 and the onset of late Holocene upwelling in northern California, we suggest that CCS warming may be conducive to upwelling intensification, though future changes are unclear as the mechanisms forcing SST variability may differ.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2017.02.021","usgsCitation":"Addison, J.A., Barron, J.A., Finney, B.P., Kusler, J.E., Bukry, D., Heusser, L.E., and Alexander, C.R., 2018, A Holocene record of ocean productivity and upwelling from the northern California continental slope: Quaternary International, v. 469, no. B, p. 96-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.02.021.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-076086","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.02.021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -126,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -126,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"469","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb03e4b06e28e9c22b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, Bruce P.","contributorId":199658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finney","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kusler, Jennifer E. jkusler@usgs.gov","contributorId":5151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusler","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkusler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heusser, Linda E.","contributorId":178365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heusser","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28041,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alexander, Clark R.","contributorId":149400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216340,"text":"70216340 - 2018 - Characterizing uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates at ungauged locations for the Massachusetts sustainable yield estimator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-13T20:50:23.999745","indexId":"70216340","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-17T10:40:42","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates at ungauged locations for the Massachusetts sustainable yield estimator","docAbstract":"Hydrologic characterization at ungauged locations is one of the quintessential challenges of hydrology. Beyond simulation of historical streamflows, it is similarly important to characterize the level of uncertainty in hydrologic estimates. In tandem with updates to Massachusetts Sustainable Yield Estimator, this work explores the application of global uncertainty estimates to daily streamflow simulations. Expanding on a method developed for deterministic modeling, this approach produces confidence intervals on daily streamflow developed through nonlinear spatial interpolation of daily streamflow using flow duration curves; the 95% confidence is examined. Archived cross‐validations of daily streamflows from 66 watersheds in and around Massachusetts are used to evaluate an approach to uncertainty characterization. Neighboring sites are treated as ungauged, producing relative errors that can be resampled and applied to target sites. The method, with some modification, is found to provide appropriately narrow confidence intervals that contain 95% of the observed streamflows in cross‐validation. Further characterizing uncertainty, multiday means of daily streamflow are evaluated. Working through cross‐validation in Massachusetts, two‐ to three‐month averages of daily streamflow show the best performance. These two approaches to uncertainty characterization inform how streamflow simulation produced for prediction in ungauged basins can be used for water resources management.
Autonomous passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag antenna systems continuously detect individually marked organisms at one or more fixed points over long time periods. Estimating abundance using data from autonomous antennae can be challenging, because these systems do not detect unmarked individuals. Here we pair PIT antennae data from a tributary with mark-recapture sampling data in a mainstem river to estimate the number of fish moving from the mainstem to the tributary. We then use our model to estimate abundance of non-native rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss that move from the Colorado River to the Little Colorado River (LCR), the latter of which is important spawning and rearing habitat for federally-endangered humpback chub Gila cypha. We estimate 226 rainbow trout (95% CI: 127-370) entered the LCR from October 2013-April 2014. We discuss the challenges of incorporating detections from autonomous PIT antenna systems into mark-recapture population models, particularly in regards to using information about spatial location to estimate movement and detection probabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0304","usgsCitation":"Dzul, M.C., Yackulic, C.B., and Korman, J., 2018, Estimating disperser abundance using open population models that incorporate data from continuous detection PIT arrays: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 75, no. 9, p. 1393-1404, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0304.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1404","ipdsId":"IP-081814","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NZ86JV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Continuous Detection PIT Array Data & Model"},{"id":349027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.9342041015625,\n 36.121236902880185\n ],\n [\n -111.66778564453125,\n 36.121236902880185\n ],\n [\n -111.66778564453125,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -111.9342041015625,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -111.9342041015625,\n 36.121236902880185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fb10e4b06e28e9c22b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzul, Maria C. 0000-0002-4798-5930 mdzul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-5930","contributorId":5469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzul","given":"Maria","email":"mdzul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":139960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13333,"text":"Ecometric Research Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192927,"text":"70192927 - 2018 - Wanted dead or alive: A state-space mark-recapture-recovery model incorporating multiple recovery types and state uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-03T11:42:11","indexId":"70192927","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wanted dead or alive: A state-space mark-recapture-recovery model incorporating multiple recovery types and state uncertainty","docAbstract":"We developed a state-space mark-recapture-recovery model that incorporates multiple recovery types and state uncertainty to estimate survival of an anadromous fish species. We apply the model to a dataset of out-migrating juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tagged with passive integrated transponders, recaptured during outmigration, and recovered on bird colonies in the Columbia River basin (2008-2014). Recoveries on bird colonies are often ignored in survival studies because the river reach of mortality is often unknown, which we model as a form of state uncertainty. Median outmigration survival from release to the lower river (river kilometer 729 to 75) ranged from 0.27 to 0.35, depending on year. Recovery probabilities were frequently >0.20 in the first river reach following tagging, indicating that one out of five fish that died in that reach was recovered on a bird colony. Integrating dead recovery data provided increased parameter precision, estimation of where birds consumed fish, and survival estimates across larger spatial scales. More generally, these modeling approaches provide a flexible framework to integrate multiple sources of tag recovery data into mark-recapture studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2016-0246","usgsCitation":"Hostetter, N.J., Gardner, B., Evans, A.F., Cramer, B.M., Payton, Q., Collis, K., and Roby, D.D., 2018, Wanted dead or alive: A state-space mark-recapture-recovery model incorporating multiple recovery types and state uncertainty: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 75, no. 7, p. 1117-1127, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0246.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1127","ipdsId":"IP-077533","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.354248046875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -118.8116455078125,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -118.8116455078125,\n 47.468949677672484\n ],\n [\n -124.354248046875,\n 47.468949677672484\n ],\n [\n -124.354248046875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e842e4b09af898c8cb1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetter, Nathan J. 0000-0001-6075-2157 nhostetter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-2157","contributorId":198843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetter","given":"Nathan","email":"nhostetter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":91612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Allen F.","contributorId":171691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cramer, Bradley M.","contributorId":171692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cramer","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payton, Quinn","contributorId":149990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payton","given":"Quinn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193229,"text":"70193229 - 2018 - Quantitative tools for implementing the new definition of significant portion of the range in the U.S. Endangered Species Act","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T14:21:05","indexId":"70193229","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative tools for implementing the new definition of significant portion of the range in the U.S. Endangered Species Act","docAbstract":"In 2014, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service announced a new policy interpretation for the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). According to the act, a species must be listed as threatened or endangered if it is determined to be threatened or endangered in a significant portion of its range (SPR). The 2014 policy seeks to provide consistency by establishing that a portion of the range should be considered significant if the associated individuals’ “removal would cause the entire species to become endangered or threatened.” We reviewed 20 quantitative techniques used to assess whether a portion of a species’ range is significant according to the new guidance. Our assessments are based on the 3R criteria—redundancy (i.e., buffering from catastrophe), resiliency (i.e., ability to withstand stochasticity), and representation (i.e., ability to evolve)—that the FWS uses to determine if a species merits listing. We identified data needs for each quantitative technique and considered which methods could be implemented given the data limitations typical of rare species. We also identified proxies for the 3Rs that may be used with limited data. To assess potential data availability, we evaluated 7 example species by accessing data in their species status assessments, which document all the information used during a listing decision. In all species, an SPR could be evaluated with at least one metric for each of the 3Rs robustly or with substantial assumptions. Resiliency assessments appeared most constrained by limited data, and many species lacked information on connectivity between subpopulations, genetic variation, and spatial variability in vital rates. These data gaps will likely make SPR assessments for species with complex life histories or that cross national boundaries difficult. Although we reviewed techniques for the ESA, other countries require identification of significant areas and could benefit from this research.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12963","usgsCitation":"Earl, J.E., Nicol, S., Wiederholt, R., Diffendorfer, J.E., Semmens, D.J., Flockhart, D.T., Mattsson, B., McCracken, G., Norris, D.R., Thogmartin, W.E., and Lopez-Hoffman, L., 2018, Quantitative tools for implementing the new definition of significant portion of the range in the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Conservation Biology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 35-49, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12963.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-084220","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Ryan","contributorId":59734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lopez-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":149127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":17654,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment and Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70193306,"text":"70193306 - 2018 - Geochemical and Pb isotopic characterization of soil, groundwater, human hair, and corn samples from the Domizio Flegreo and Agro Aversano area (Campania region, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T13:20:42","indexId":"70193306","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and Pb isotopic characterization of soil, groundwater, human hair, and corn samples from the Domizio Flegreo and Agro Aversano area (Campania region, Italy)","docAbstract":"A geochemical survey was carried out to investigate metal contamination in the Domizio Littoral and Agro Aversano area (Southern Italy) by means of soil, groundwater, human hair and corn samples. Pb isotope ratios were also determined to identify the sources of metals. Specifically, the investigation focused on topsoils (n = 1064), groundwater (n = 26), 25 human hair (n = 24) and corn samples (n = 13). Topsoils have been sampled and analysed in a previous study for 53 elements (including potentially harmful ones), and determined by ICP-MS after dissolving with aqua regia. Groundwater was analysed for 72 elements by ICP-MS and by ICP-ES. Samples of human hair were prepared and analysed for 16 elements by ICP-MS. Dried corn collected at several farms were also analysed for 53 elements by ICP-MS. The isotopic ratios of 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb in selected topsoil (n = 24), groundwater (n = 9), human hair (n = 9) and corn (n = 4) samples were analysed from both eluates and residues to investigate possible anthropogenic contamination and geogenic contributions. All data were processed and mapped by ArcGis software to produce interpolated maps and contamination factor maps of potentially harmful elements, in accordance with Italian Environmental Law (Legislative Decree 152/06). Results show that soil sampling sites are characterized by As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn contents exceeding the action limits established for residential land use (RAL) and, in some cases, also the action limits for industrial land use (IAL) as established by Legislative Decree 152/06. A map of contamination factors and a map showing the degrees of contamination indicate that the areas in the municipalities of Acerra, Casoria and Giugliano have been affected by considerable anthropogenic-related pollution. To interpret the isotopic data and roughly estimate proportion of Pb from an anthropogenic source we broadly defined possible natural and anthropogenic Pb end-member fields based on literature data. For example, we summarized data for Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei volcanic rocks, gasoline, and aerosol deposits.
Lead isotope data show mixing between geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Topsoil, groundwater, human hair and corn samples show a greater contribution from geogenic sources like the Yellow Tuff (from Campi Flegrei) and volcanic rocks from Mt. Vesuvius. Aerosols, fly ash and gasoline (anthropogenic sources) have also been contributors. In detail, 46% of the topsoil residues, 96% of topsoil leachates, 88% of groundwater, 90% of human hair, and 25% of corn samples indicate that > 50% percent of the lead in this area can be ascribed to anthropogenic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.01.007","usgsCitation":"Rezza, C., Albanese, S., Ayuso, R.A., Lima, A., Sorvari, J., and De Vivo, B., 2018, Geochemical and Pb isotopic characterization of soil, groundwater, human hair, and corn samples from the Domizio Flegreo and Agro Aversano area (Campania region, Italy): Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 184, no. B, p. 318-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.01.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"332","ipdsId":"IP-078832","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Campania region","otherGeospatial":"Agro Aversano, Domizio Flegreo","volume":"184","issue":"B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98ba7e4b0531197af9f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezza, Carmela","contributorId":199318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rezza","given":"Carmela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17631,"text":"Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albanese, Stefano","contributorId":199319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albanese","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17631,"text":"Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lima, Annamaria","contributorId":176910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lima","given":"Annamaria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17631,"text":"Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sorvari, Jaana","contributorId":199320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorvari","given":"Jaana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6718,"text":"Aalto University, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"De Vivo, Benedetto","contributorId":199321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Vivo","given":"Benedetto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17631,"text":"Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193214,"text":"70193214 - 2018 - Position-specific 13C distributions within propane from experiments and natural gas samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T11:08:39","indexId":"70193214","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Position-specific 13C distributions within propane from experiments and natural gas samples","docAbstract":"Site-specific carbon isotope measurements of organic compounds potentially recover information that is lost in a conventional, ‘bulk’ isotopic analysis. Such measurements are useful because isotopically fractionating processes may have distinct effects at different molecular sites, and thermodynamically equilibrated populations of molecules tend to concentrate heavy isotopes in one molecular site versus another. Most recent studies of site-specific 13C in organics use specialized Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques or complex chemical degradations prior to mass spectrometric measurements. Herein we present the first application of a new mass spectrometric technique that reconstructs the site-specific carbon isotope composition of propane based on measurements of the 13C/12C ratios of two or more fragment ions that sample different proportions of the terminal and central carbon sites. We apply this method to propane from laboratory experiments and natural gas samples to explore the relationships between site-specific carbon isotope composition, full-molecular δ13C, thermal maturity, and variation in organic matter precursors. Our goal is to advance the understanding of the sources and histories of short-chain alkanes within geologic systems. Our findings suggest that propane varies in its site-specific carbon isotope structure, which is correlated with increasing thermal maturity, first increasing in terminal position δ13C and then increasing in both center and terminal position δ13C. This pattern is observed in both experimental and natural samples, and is plausibly explained by a combination of site-specific, temperature-dependent isotope effects associated with conversion of different precursor molecules (kerogen, bitumen, and/or oil) to propane, differences in site-specific isotopic contents of those precursors, and possibly distillation of reactive components of those precursors with increasing maturity. We hypothesize that the largest changes in site-specific isotopic content of propane occur when bitumen and/or oil replace kerogen as the dominant precursors. If correct, this phenomenon could have significant utility for understanding gas generation in thermogenic petroleum systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.042","usgsCitation":"Piasecki, A., Sessions, A.L., Lawson, M., Ferreira, A., Santos Neto, E.V., Ellis, G.S., Lewan, M., and Eilers, J., 2018, Position-specific 13C distributions within propane from experiments and natural gas samples: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 220, p. 110-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.042.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"124","ipdsId":"IP-083819","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98b9fe4b0531197af9f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piasecki, Alison","contributorId":199113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piasecki","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sessions, Alex L.","contributorId":172980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sessions","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27133,"text":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawson, Michael","contributorId":199115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawson","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferreira, A.A.","contributorId":18273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Santos Neto, E. V.","contributorId":58191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos Neto","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewan, Michael 0000-0001-6347-1553 mlewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-1553","contributorId":173938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eilers, J.M.","contributorId":29103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70191897,"text":"70191897 - 2018 - At the end of the line: independent overwater colonizations of the Solomon Islands by a hyperdiverse trans-Wallacean lizard lineage (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Squamata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:32:27","indexId":"70191897","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3810,"text":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"At the end of the line: independent overwater colonizations of the Solomon Islands by a hyperdiverse trans-Wallacean lizard lineage (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Squamata)","title":"At the end of the line: independent overwater colonizations of the Solomon Islands by a hyperdiverse trans-Wallacean lizard lineage (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Squamata)","docAbstract":"The islands of East Melanesia have generated key insights into speciation processes and community assembly. However, when and how these islands began to form, emerge and accumulate endemic taxa remains poorly understood. Here, we show that two divergent lineages within the world’s most diverse genus of geckos (Cyrtodactylus) occur in the Solomon Islands. One large-bodied species is nested within a radiation from far eastern New Guinea, with inferred colonization, spread and diversification since the late Miocene. In contrast, a newly sampled and relatively small species with a restricted distribution on Guadalcanal Island is a relict that diverged from extant congeners around the early to mid-Miocene. Similar Miocene divergences from extralimital relatives have been inferred for other endemic bird, bat and lizard lineages in East Melanesia. In contrast, across all lineages (including divergent relictual lineages), there is little evidence for endemic in situ diversification within East Melanesia predating the Pliocene (especially in the Solomon Islands). While some East Melanesian endemic lineages may have origins on progenitor islands during the Miocene or even earlier, current evidence suggests the in situ diversification and assembly of extant biological communities commenced around the end of the Miocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Linnean Society","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx047","usgsCitation":"Oliver, P.M., Travers, S.L., Richmond, J.Q., Pikacha, P., and Fisher, R.N., 2018, At the end of the line: independent overwater colonizations of the Solomon Islands by a hyperdiverse trans-Wallacean lizard lineage (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Squamata): Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 182, no. 3, p. 681-694, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx047.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"694","ipdsId":"IP-085994","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx047","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 68.5546875,\n -22.512556954051437\n ],\n [\n 153.6328125,\n -22.512556954051437\n ],\n [\n 153.6328125,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n 68.5546875,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n 68.5546875,\n -22.512556954051437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"182","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a2e4b0220bbd9d9f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, Paul M.","contributorId":178111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Travers, Scott L","contributorId":197478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Travers","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pikacha, Patrick","contributorId":197479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pikacha","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192375,"text":"70192375 - 2018 - Divergent migration within lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations: Multiple distinct patterns exist across an unrestricted migration corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T11:16:27","indexId":"70192375","displayToPublicDate":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Divergent migration within lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations: Multiple distinct patterns exist across an unrestricted migration corridor","title":"Divergent migration within lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations: Multiple distinct patterns exist across an unrestricted migration corridor","docAbstract":"One of the greatest limiting factors of studies designed to obtain growth, movement, and survival in small-bodied fishes is the selection of a viable tag. The tag must be relatively small with respect to body size as to impart minimal sub-lethal effects on growth and mobility, as well as be retained throughout the life of the fish or duration of the study. Thus, body size of the model species becomes a major limiting factor; yet few studies have obtained empirical evidence of the minimum fish size and related tagging effects. The probability of surviving a tagging event was quantified in White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) across a range of sizes (19–60 mm) to address the hypothesis that body size predicts tagging survival. We compared tagging related mortality, individual taggers, growth, and tag retention in White Sands pupfish implanted with 8-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT), visual implant elastomer (VIE), and control (handled similarly, but no tag implantation) over a 75 d period. Initial body weight was a good predictor of the probability of survival in PIT- and VIE-tagged fish. As weight increased by 1 g, the fish were 4.73 times more likely to survive PIT-tag implantation compared to the control fish with an estimated suitable tagging size at 1.1 g (TL: 39.29 ± 0.41 mm). Likewise, VIE-tagged animals were 2.27 times more likely to survive a tagging event compared to the control group for every additional 1 g with an estimated size suitable for tagging of 0.9 g (TL: 36.9 ± 0.36 mm) fish. Growth rates of PIT- and VIE-tagged White Sands pupfish were similar to the control groups. This research validated two popular tagging methodologies in the White Sands pupfish, thus providing a valuable tool for characterizing vital rates in other small-bodied fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.019","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D., Trantham, R.B., Trantham, T.G., and Caldwell, C.A., 2018, Tagging effects of passive integrated transponder and visual implant elastomer on the small-bodied white sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa): Fisheries Research, v. 198, p. 203-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.019.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"208","ipdsId":"IP-082439","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b98fe4b05fe04cd65c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Damon","contributorId":197677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Damon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trantham, Randi B.","contributorId":197678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trantham","given":"Randi","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trantham, Tulley G.","contributorId":197679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trantham","given":"Tulley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202423,"text":"70202423 - 2018 - States and rates: Complementary approaches to developing flow‐ecology relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-28T09:34:54","indexId":"70202423","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-28T09:26:50","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"States and rates: Complementary approaches to developing flow‐ecology relationships","docAbstract":"Wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens have increased in importance; however, management of a large number of diseases and diversity of hosts is prohibitively expensive. Thus, the determination of priority wildlife pathogens and risk factors for disease emergence is warranted. We used an online questionnaire survey to assess release and exposure risks, and consequences of wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens in the Republic of Korea (ROK). We also surveyed opinions on pathways for disease exposure, and risk factors for disease emergence and spread. For the assessment of risk, we employed a two-tiered, statistical K-means clustering algorithm to group diseases into three levels (high, medium and low) of perceived risk based on release and exposure risks, societal consequences and the level of uncertainty of the experts’ opinions. To examine the experts’ perceived risk of routes of introduction of pathogens and disease amplification and spread, we used a Bayesian, multivariate normal order-statistics model. Six diseases or pathogens, including four livestock and two wildlife diseases, were identified as having high risk with low uncertainty. Similarly, 13 diseases were characterized as having high risk with medium uncertainty with three of these attributed to livestock, six associated with human disease, and the remainder having the potential to affect human, livestock and wildlife (i.e., One Health). Lastly, four diseases were described as high risk with high certainty, and were associated solely with fish diseases. Experts identified migration of wildlife, international human movement and illegal importation of wildlife as the three routes posing the greatest risk of pathogen introduction into ROK. Proximity of humans, livestock and wildlife was the most significant risk factor for promoting the spread of wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens, followed by high density of livestock populations, habitat loss and environmental degradation, and climate change. This study provides useful information to decision makers responsible for allocating resources to address disease risks. This approach provided a rapid, cost-effective method of risk assessment of wildlife-associated diseases and pathogens for which the published literature is sparse.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/tbed.12705","usgsCitation":"Hwang, J., Lee, K., Walsh, D.P., Kim, S., Sleeman, J.M., and Lee, H., 2018, Semi-quantitative assessment of disease risks at the human, livestock, wildlife interface for the Republic of Korea using a nationwide survey of experts: A model for other countries: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, v. 65, no. 1, p. e155-e164, https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12705.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"e155","endPage":"e164","ipdsId":"IP-084895","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Republic of Korea","volume":"65","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59ce0a27e4b05fe04cc020fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hwang, Jusun","contributorId":175221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Jusun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27539,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Kyunglee","contributorId":175223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Kyunglee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27540,"text":"Cetacean Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, Daniel P. 0000-0002-7772-2445 dwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":4758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"dwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, SangWha","contributorId":196739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"SangWha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Hang","contributorId":191778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Hang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191912,"text":"70191912 - 2018 - Comparison of four modeling tools for the prediction of potential distribution for non-indigenous weeds in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:34:07","indexId":"70191912","displayToPublicDate":"2017-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of four modeling tools for the prediction of potential distribution for non-indigenous weeds in the United States","docAbstract":"This study compares four models for predicting the potential distribution of non-indigenous weed species in the conterminous U.S. The comparison focused on evaluating modeling tools and protocols as currently used for weed risk assessment or for predicting the potential distribution of invasive weeds. We used six weed species (three highly invasive and three less invasive non-indigenous species) that have been established in the U.S. for more than 75 years. The experiment involved providing non-U. S. location data to users familiar with one of the four evaluated techniques, who then developed predictive models that were applied to the United States without knowing the identity of the species or its U.S. distribution. We compared a simple GIS climate matching technique known as Proto3, a simple climate matching tool CLIMEX Match Climates, the correlative model MaxEnt, and a process model known as the Thornley Transport Resistance (TTR) model. Two experienced users ran each modeling tool except TTR, which had one user. Models were trained with global species distribution data excluding any U.S. data, and then were evaluated using the current known U.S. distribution. The influence of weed species identity and modeling tool on prevalence and sensitivity effects was compared using a generalized linear mixed model. Each modeling tool itself had a low statistical significance, while weed species alone accounted for 69.1 and 48.5% of the variance for prevalence and sensitivity, respectively. These results suggest that simple modeling tools might perform as well as complex ones in the case of predicting potential distribution for a weed not yet present in the United States. Considerations of model accuracy should also be balanced with those of reproducibility and ease of use. More important than the choice of modeling tool is the construction of robust protocols and testing both new and experienced users under blind test conditions that approximate operational conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-017-1567-1","usgsCitation":"Magarey, R., Newton, L., Hong, S.C., Takeuchi, Y., Christie, D., Jarnevich, C.S., Kohl, L., Damus, M., Higgins, S.I., Miller, L., Castro, K., West, A., Hastings, J., Cook, G., Kartesz, J., and Koop, A., 2018, Comparison of four modeling tools for the prediction of potential distribution for non-indigenous weeds in the United States: Biological Invasions, v. 20, no. 3, p. 679-694, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1567-1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"694","ipdsId":"IP-073167","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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