Large-scale, multispecies monitoring programs are widely used to assess changes in wildlife populations but they often assume constant detectability when documenting species occurrence. This assumption is rarely met in practice because animal populations vary across time and space. As a result, detectability of a species can be influenced by a number of physical, biological, or anthropogenic factors (e.g., weather, seasonality, topography, biological rhythms, sampling methods). To evaluate some of these influences, we estimated site occupancy rates using species-specific detection probabilities for meso- and large terrestrial mammal species on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. We used model selection to assess the influence of different sampling methods and major environmental factors on our ability to detect individual species. Remote cameras detected the most species (9), followed by cubby boxes (7) and hair traps (4) over a 13-month period. Estimated site occupancy rates were similar among sampling methods for most species when detection probabilities exceeded 0.15, but we question estimates obtained from methods with detection probabilities between 0.05 and 0.15, and we consider methods with lower probabilities unacceptable for occupancy estimation and inference. Estimated detection probabilities can be used to accommodate variation in sampling methods, which allows for comparison of monitoring programs using different protocols. Vegetation and seasonality produced species-specific differences in detectability and occupancy, but differences were not consistent within or among species, which suggests that our results should be considered in the context of local habitat features and life history traits for the target species. We believe that site occupancy is a useful state variable and suggest that monitoring programs for mammals using occupancy data consider detectability prior to making inferences about species distributions or population change.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"O’Connell, A.F., Talancy, N.W., Bailey, L., Sauer, J., Cook, R., and Gilbert, A.T., 2006, Estimating site occupancy and detection probability parameters for meso- and large mammals in a coastal eosystem: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1625-1633, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1625:ESOADP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1625","endPage":"1633","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connell, Allan F. 0000-0001-7032-7023 aoconnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Allan","email":"aoconnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talancy, Neil W.","contributorId":88454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talancy","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, Robert","contributorId":176416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew T.","contributorId":100974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224697,"text":"5224697 - 2006 - Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224697","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia","docAbstract":"The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is listed as a species of high priority by the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan and is state-listed as rare in Georgia; however, biologists have not focused on identifying the causes of egg and hatchling losses. In 2003 and 2004, continuous video monitoring was used to document reproductive success of American Oystercatchers and identify causes of nest failure at Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia. The modified Mayfield method and program CONTRAST were used to determine and compare survival of eggs and nestlings. Eleven pairs made 32 nest attempts during two seasons. Nine attempts were successful, fledging 15 chicks. Daily survival of clutches was 0.973 (95% CI = 0.960-0.987) for 2003, 0.985 (95% CI = 0.974-0.995) for 2004, and 0.979 (95% CI = 0.970-0.987) for combined years. Daily survival was greater on the North End, than on the South End of the island (X21 = 7.211, P = 0.007). Eighteen of 20 nest failures during the egg stage and one of eight chick losses were documented. Egg predators included raccoon (Procyon lotor, N = 9), bobcat (Lynx rufus, N = 3), and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos, N = 1). A ghost crab (Ocypode quadata) preyed on one chick. Other causes of nest failure were tidal overwash (N = 1), horse trampling (N = 1), abandonment (N = 2), and human destruction (N = 1). The North End of the island has one of the highest reproductive rates reported along the Atlantic coast. Predator control may be an effective means of increasing reproductive success on the South End of the island.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6629_Sabine.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sabine, J.B., Schweitzer, S.H., and Meyers, J., 2006, Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 3, p. 308-314.","productDescription":"308-314","startPage":"308","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16794,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1675%2F1524-4695%282006%2929%5B308%3ANFAPOA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabine, J. B.","contributorId":84047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweitzer, Sara H.","contributorId":106614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220585,"text":"5220585 - 2006 - Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"5220585","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling","docAbstract":"Although wide-ranging, elusive, large carnivore species, such as the tiger, are of scientific and conservation interest, rigorous inferences about their population dynamics are scarce because of methodological problems of sampling populations at the required spatial and temporal scales. We report the application of a rigorous, noninvasive method for assessing tiger population dynamics to test model-based predictions about population viability. We obtained photographic capture histories for 74 individual tigers during a nine-year study involving 5725 trap-nights of effort. These data were modeled under a likelihood-based, ?robust design? capture?recapture analytic framework. We explicitly modeled and estimated ecological parameters such as time-specific abundance, density, survival, recruitment, temporary emigration, and transience, using models that incorporated effects of factors such as individual heterogeneity, trap-response, and time on probabilities of photo-capturing tigers. The model estimated a random temporary emigration parameter of =K' =Y' 0.10 ? 0.069 (values are estimated mean ? SE). When scaled to an annual basis, tiger survival rates were estimated at S = 0.77 ? 0.051, and the estimated probability that a newly caught animal was a transient was = 0.18 ? 0.11. During the period when the sampled area was of constant size, the estimated population size Nt varied from 17 ? 1.7 to 31 ? 2.1 tigers, with a geometric mean rate of annual population change estimated as = 1.03 ? 0.020, representing a 3% annual increase. The estimated recruitment of new animals, Bt, varied from 0 ? 3.0 to 14 ? 2.9 tigers. Population density estimates, D, ranged from 7.33 ? 0.8 tigers/100 km2 to 21.73 ? 1.7 tigers/100 km2 during the study. Thus, despite substantial annual losses and temporal variation in recruitment, the tiger density remained at relatively high levels in Nagarahole. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that protected wild tiger populations can remain healthy despite heavy mortalities because of their inherently high reproductive potential. The ability to model the entire photographic capture history data set and incorporate reduced-parameter models led to estimates of mean annual population change that were sufficiently precise to be useful. This efficient, noninvasive sampling approach can be used to rigorously investigate the population dynamics of tigers and other elusive, rare, wide-ranging animal species in which individuals can be identified from photographs or other means.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6637_Karanth.pdf","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., Nichols, J., Kumar, S., and Hines, J., 2006, Assessing tiger population dynamics using photographic capture-recapture sampling: Ecology, v. 87, no. 11, p. 2925-2937.","productDescription":"2925-2937","startPage":"2925","endPage":"2937","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16797,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87%5B2925%3AATPDUP%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K. U.","contributorId":23645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":17714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80147,"text":"ofr20061163 - 2006 - Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"ofr20061163","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1163","title":"Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nWe summarize past inventory efforts for vascular plants and vertebrates at Montezuma Castle National Monument (NM) in Arizona. We used data from previous research to compile complete species lists for the monument and to assess inventory completeness.\r\n\r\nThere have been 784 species recorded at Montezuma Castle NM, of which 85 (11%) are non-native.\r\n\r\nIn each taxon-specific chapter we highlight areas of resources that contributed to species richness or unique species for the monument. Of particular importance are Montezuma Well and Beaver and Wet Beaver creeks and the surrounding riparian vegetation, which are responsible for the monument having one of the highest numbers of bird species in the Sonoran Desert Network of park units. Beaver Creek is also home to populations of federally-listed fish species of concern. Other important resources include the cliffs along the creeks and around Montezuma Well (for cliff and cave roosting bats).\r\n\r\nBased on the review of past studies, we believe the inventory for most taxa is nearly complete, though some rare or elusive species will be added with additional survey effort. We recommend additional inventory, monitoring and research studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, C., Drost, C.A., and Halvorson, W.L., 2006, Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1163, x, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061163.","productDescription":"x, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60284f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Cecilia A.","contributorId":25645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Cecilia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halvorson, William Lee","contributorId":104992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79756,"text":"sir20065150 - 2006 - Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20065150","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5150","title":"Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program activities in the Delaware River Basin (DELR), samples of fish tissue from 21 sites and samples of bed sediment from 35 sites were analyzed for a suite of organic compounds and trace elements. The sampling sites, within subbasins ranging in size from 11 to 600 square miles, were selected to represent 5 main land-use categories in the DELR -forest, low-agricultural, agricultural, urban, and mixed use. Samples of both fish tissue and bed sediment were also collected from 4 'large-river' sites that represented drainage areas ranging from 1,300 to 6,800 square miles, areas in which the land is used for a variety of purposes.\r\n\r\nOne or more of the organochlorine compounds-DDT and chlordane metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs), and dieldrin- were detected frequently in samples collected over a wide geographic area. One or more of these compounds were detected in fish-tissue samples from 92 percent of the sites and in bed-sediment samples from 82 percent of the sites. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in whole white suckers and in bed sediment were significantly related to urban/industrial basin characteristics, such as percentage of urban land use and population density.\r\n\r\nSemi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)-total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total phthalates, and phenols- were detected frequently in bed-sediment samples. All three types of SVOCs were detected in samples from at least one site in each land-use category. The highest detection rates and concentrations typically were in samples from sites in the urban and mixed land-use categories, as well as from the large-river sites. Concentrations of total PAHs and total phthalates in bed-sediment samples were found to be statistically related to percentages of urban land use and to population density in the drainage areas represented by the sampling sites.\r\n\r\nThe samples of fish tissue and bed sediment collected throughout the DELR were analyzed for a large suite of trace elements, but results of the analyses for eight elements-arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, mercury, and zinc- that are considered contaminants of concern are described in this report. One or more of the eight trace elements were detected in samples from every fish tissue and bed-sediment sampling site, and all of the trace elements were detected in samples from 97 percent of the bed-sediment sites.\r\n\r\nThe concentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in the DELR samples were compared to applicable guidelines for the protection of wildlife and other biological organisms. Concentrations of total DDT, total chlordanes, total PCBs, and dieldrin in fish-tissue samples from 14 sites exceeded one or more of the Wildlife Protective Guidelines established by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Concentrations of one or more organic compounds in samples from 16 bed-sediment sites exceeded the Threshold Effects Concentrations (TEC) of the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines, and concentrations of one or more of the eight trace elements in samples from 38 bed-sediment sites exceeded the TEC. (The TEC is the concentration below which adverse biological effects in freshwater ecosystems are expected to be rare.) Concentrations of organic compounds in samples from some bed-sediment sites exceeded the Canadian Probable Effects Concentrations (PEC), and concentrations of trace elements in samples from 18 sites exceeded the PEC. (The PEC is the concentration above which adverse effects to biological organisms are expected to occur frequently).\r\n\r\nConcentrations of organic compounds and trace elements in samples from the DELR were compared to similar data from other NAWQA study units in the northeastern United States and also data from the Mobile River (Alabama) Basin and the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basin study units. Median concentrations of to","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065150","usgsCitation":"Romanok, K., Fischer, J., Riva-Murray, K., Brightbill, R., and Bilger, M., 2006, Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Fish Tissue and Bed Sediment in the Delaware River Basin, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5150, xii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065150.","productDescription":"xii, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9431,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,39 ], [ -76.5,42.5 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -74,39 ], [ -76.5,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. kromanok@usgs.gov","contributorId":3771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M.","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen","contributorId":85650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin","contributorId":93150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bilger, Michael","contributorId":33802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79610,"text":"sir20065216 - 2006 - Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T13:41:09","indexId":"sir20065216","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5216","title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"Concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria were determined in 1,027 water-quality samples collected from July 2001 through August 2005 during dry- (72-hour dry antecedent period) and wet-weather (48-hour dry antecedent period and at least 0.3 inch of rain in a 24-hour period) conditions in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers (locally referred to as the Three Rivers) and selected tributaries in Allegheny County. Samples were collected at five sampling sites on the Three Rivers and at eight sites on four tributaries to the Three Rivers having combined sewer overflows. \r\n\r\n\r\nWater samples were analyzed for three fecal-indicator organisms fecal coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and enterococci bacteria. Left-bank and right-bank surface-water samples were collected in addition to a cross-section composite sample at each site. \r\n\r\n\r\nConcentrations of fecal coliform, E. coli, and enterococci were detected in 98.6, 98.5, and 87.7 percent of all samples, respectively. The maximum fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations were collected from Sawmill Run, a tributary to the Ohio River; Sawmill Run at Duquesne Heights had concentrations of fecal coliform, E. coli, and enterococci of 410,000, 510,000, and 180,000 col/100 mL, respectively, following a large storm. \r\n\r\n\r\nThe samples collected in the Three Rivers and selected tributaries frequently exceeded established recreational standards and criteria for bacteria. Concentrations of fecal coliform exceeded the Pennsylvania water-quality standard (200 col/100 mL) in approximately 63 percent of the samples. Sample concentrations of E. coli and enterococci exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) water-quality criteria (235 and 61 col/100 mL, respectively) in about 53 and 47 percent, respectively, of the samples. \r\n\r\n\r\nFecal-indicator bacteria were most strongly correlated with streamflow, specific conductance, and turbidity. These correlations most frequently were observed in samples collected from tributary sites. Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations and turbidity were correlated to the location of sample collection in the cross section. Most differences were between bank and composite samples; differences between right-bank and left-bank samples were rarely observed. The Allegheny River sites had more significant correlations than the Monongahela or Ohio River sites. \r\n\r\n\r\nComparisons were made between fecal-indicator bacteria in composite samples collected during dry-weather, wet-weather day-one, wet-weather day-two (tributary sites only), and wet-weather day-three (Three Rivers sites only) events in the Three Rivers and selected tributary sites. The lowest median bacteria concentrations generally were observed in the dry-weather composite samples. All median bacteria concentrations in dry-weather composite samples in the five Three Rivers sites were below water-quality standards and criteria; bacteria concentrations in the upstream tributary sites rarely met all standards or criteria. Only Turtle Creek, Thompson Run, and Chartiers Creek had at least one median bacteria concentration below water-quality standards or criteria. Median bacteria concentrations in the composite samples generally were higher the day after a wet-weather event compared to dry-weather composite samples and other wet-weather composite samples collected. In the five Three Rivers sites, median bacteria concentrations 3 days after a wet-weather event in composite samples tended to fall below the water-quality standards and criteria; in the eight tributary sites, median bacteria concentrations in the dry-weather and wet-weather composite samples generally were above the water-quality standards or criteria. Composite samples collected at the upstream sites on the Three Rivers and selected tributaries generally had lower median bacteria concentrations than composite samples collected at the downstream sites during dry- and wet-weather events. Higher concentrations downstream may be because o","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Allegheny County Sanitary Authority and the Allegheny County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Buckwalter, T.F., Zimmerman, T.M., and Fulton, J.W., 2006, Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers and selected tributaries, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2001-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5216, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065216.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"31","temporalStart":"2001-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5216/pdf/sir2006-5216.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9233,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Allegheny County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5,40.25 ], [ -80.5,41 ], [ -79.75,41 ], [ -79.75,40.25 ], [ -80.5,40.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckwalter, Theodore F.","contributorId":90719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":2359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79550,"text":"ofr20061313 - 2006 - Flood Study of Warren Brook in Alstead and Cold River in Alstead, Langdon, and Walpole, New Hampshire, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20061313","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1313","title":"Flood Study of Warren Brook in Alstead and Cold River in Alstead, Langdon, and Walpole, New Hampshire, 2005","docAbstract":"This report presents water-surface elevations and profiles as determined using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) one-dimensional Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System, also known as HEC-RAS. Steady flow water-surface profiles were developed for two stream reaches: the Cold River from its confluence with the Connecticut River in Walpole, through Alstead to the McDermott Bridge in Langdon, NH, and Warren Brook from its confluence with the Cold River to Warren Lake in Alstead, NH. Flood events of a magnitude, which are expected to be equaled or exceeded once on the average during any 10-, 50-, 100-, or 500-year period (recurrence interval), were modeled using HEC-RAS as these flood events are recognized as being significant for flood-plain management, determination of flood insurance rates, and design of structures such as bridges and culverts. These flood events are referred to as the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods and have a 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent chance, respectively, of being equaled or exceeded during any year. The recurrence intervals represent the long-term average between floods of a specific magnitude. The risk of experiencing rare floods at short intervals or within the same year increases when periods greater than one year are considered. The analyses in this study reflect the flooding potentials based on conditions existing in the communities of Walpole, Alstead and Langdon at the time of completion of this study.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., 2006, Flood Study of Warren Brook in Alstead and Cold River in Alstead, Langdon, and Walpole, New Hampshire, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1313, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061313.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"52","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eee8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70201092,"text":"70201092 - 2006 - Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle Crater to Purgatory Ripple","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:47:12","indexId":"70201092","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-01T08:45:24","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle Crater to Purgatory Ripple","docAbstract":"The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity touched down at Meridiani Planum in January 2004 and since then has been conducting observations with the Athena science payload. The rover has traversed more than 5 km, carrying out the first outcrop‐scale investigation of sedimentary rocks on Mars. The rocks of Meridiani Planum are sandstones formed by eolian and aqueous reworking of sand grains that are composed of mixed fine‐grained siliciclastics and sulfates. The siliciclastic fraction was produced by chemical alteration of a precursor basalt. The sulfates are dominantly Mg‐sulfates and also include Ca‐sulfates and jarosite. The stratigraphic section observed to date is dominated by eolian bedforms, with subaqueous current ripples exposed near the top of the section. After deposition, interaction with groundwater produced a range of diagenetic features, notably the hematite‐rich concretions known as “blueberries.” The bedrock at Meridiani is highly friable and has undergone substantial erosion by wind‐transported basaltic sand. This sand, along with concretions and concretion fragments eroded from the rock, makes up a soil cover that thinly and discontinuously buries the bedrock. The soil surface exhibits both ancient and active wind ripples that record past and present wind directions. Loose rocks on the soil surface are rare and include both impact ejecta and meteorites. While Opportunity's results show that liquid water was once present at Meridiani Planum below and occasionally at the surface, the environmental conditions recorded were dominantly arid, acidic, and oxidizing and would have posed some significant challenges to the origin of life.
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Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Richter, L.","contributorId":100162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Rieder, R.","contributorId":28046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Schroeder, Christian","contributorId":84884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44},{"text":"Sims, M.","contributorId":52695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":45},{"text":"Smith, M.","contributorId":32658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":46},{"text":"Smith, P.","contributorId":88519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":47},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":48},{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":49},{"text":"Tosca, N.J.","contributorId":17354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":50},{"text":"Wänke, H.","contributorId":90599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wänke","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":51},{"text":"Wdowiak, T.","contributorId":81287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wdowiak","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":52},{"text":"Wolff, M.","contributorId":19683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":53},{"text":"Yen, A.","contributorId":76054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":54}]}} ,{"id":79333,"text":"fs20063118 - 2006 - Strength in Numbers: Describing the Flooded Area of Isolated Wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"fs20063118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3118","title":"Strength in Numbers: Describing the Flooded Area of Isolated Wetlands","docAbstract":"Thousands of isolated, freshwater wetlands are scattered across the karst1 landscape of central Florida. Most are small (less than 15 acres), shallow, marsh and cypress wetlands that flood and dry seasonally. Wetland health is threatened when wetland flooding patterns are altered either by human activities, such as land-use change and ground-water pumping, or by changes in climate. Yet the small sizes and vast numbers of isolated wetlands in Florida challenge our efforts to characterize them collectively as a statewide water resource. In the northern Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida alone, water levels are measured monthly in more than 400 wetlands by the Southwest Florida Water Management Distirct (SWFWMD). Many wetlands have over a decade of measurements.\r\n The usefulness of long-term monitoring of wetland water levels would greatly increase if it described not just the depth of water at a point in the wetland, but also the amount of the total wetland area that was flooded. Water levels can be used to estimate the flooded area of a wetland if the elevation contours of the wetland bottom are determined by bathymetric mapping.\r\n Despite the recognized importance of the flooded area to wetland vegetation, bathymetric maps are not available to describe the flooded areas of even a representative number of Florida's isolated wetlands. Information on the bathymetry of isolated wetlands is rare because it is labor intensive to collect the land-surface elevation data needed to create the maps. \r\n Five marshes and five cypress wetlands were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during 2000 to 2004 as part of a large interdisciplinary study of isolated wetlands in central Florida. The wetlands are located either in municipal well fields or on publicly owned lands (fig. 1). The 10 wetlands share similar geology and climate, but differ in their ground-water settings. All have historical water-level data and multiple vegetation surveys. \r\n A comprehensive report by Haag and others (2005) documents bathymetric mapping approaches, the frequency of flooding in different areas of the wetlands, and the relation between flooding and vegetation in these wetlands. This fact sheet describes bathymetric mapping approaches and partial results from two natural marshes (Hillsborough River State Park Marsh, and Green Swamp Marsh) and one impaired marsh (W-29 Marsh) that is located on a municipal well field and is affected by ground-water withdrawals. (fig. 1). ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20063118","usgsCitation":"Lee, T.M., and Haag, K.H., 2006, Strength in Numbers: Describing the Flooded Area of Isolated Wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3118, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063118.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8822,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3118.jpg"},{"id":8880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Terrie M. tmlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie","email":"tmlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79311,"text":"ofr20061233 - 2006 - Inventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"ofr20061233","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1233","title":"Inventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National Park","docAbstract":"As part of the National Park Service Inventory and\r\nMonitoring Program in the Mojave Network, we conducted an\r\ninventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National\r\nPark in 2002-04. Objectives for this inventory were to: 1)\r\nInventory and document the occurrence of reptile and amphibian\r\nspecies occurring at DEVA, primarily within priority\r\nsampling areas, with the goal of documenting at least 90%\r\nof the species present; 2) document (through collection or\r\nmuseum specimen and literature review) one voucher specimen\r\nfor each species identified; 3) provide a GIS-referenced\r\nlist of sensitive species that are federally or state listed, rare,\r\nor worthy of special consideration that occur within priority\r\nsampling locations; 4) describe park-wide distribution of\r\nfederally- or state-listed, rare, or special concern species; 5)\r\nenter all species data into the National Park Service NPSpecies\r\ndatabase; and 6) provide all deliverables as outlined in the\r\nMojave Network Biological Inventory Study Plan. Methods\r\nincluded daytime and nighttime visual encounter surveys, road\r\ndriving, and pitfall trapping. Survey effort was concentrated\r\nin predetermined priority sampling areas, as well as in areas\r\nwith a high potential for detecting undocumented species. We\r\nrecorded 37 species during our surveys, including two species\r\nnew to the park. During literature review and museum specimen\r\ndatabase searches, we recorded three additional species\r\nfrom DEVA, elevating the documented species list to 40 (four\r\namphibians and 36 reptiles). Based on our surveys, as well\r\nas literature and museum specimen review, we estimate an\r\noverall inventory completeness of 92% for Death Valley and\r\nan inventory completeness of 73% for amphibians and 95%\r\nfor reptiles.\r\nKey Words: Amphibians, reptiles, Death Valley National\r\nPark, Inyo County, San Bernardino County, Esmeralda\r\nCounty, Nye County, California, Nevada, Mojave Desert,\r\nGreat Basin Desert, inventory, NPSpecies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061233","usgsCitation":"Persons, T.B., and Nowak, E., 2006, Inventory of amphibians and reptiles at Death Valley National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1233, iv, 32 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061233.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/files/pdfs/ofr_2006-1233.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":191619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ece4b07f02db55633e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persons, Trevor B.","contributorId":96354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persons","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79282,"text":"ofr20061232 - 2006 - Inventory of Amphibians and Reptiles at Manzanar National Historic Site, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20061232","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1232","title":"Inventory of Amphibians and Reptiles at Manzanar National Historic Site, California","docAbstract":"We conducted a baseline inventory for amphibians and\r\nreptiles at Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ), Inyo\r\nCounty, California, in 2002-3. Objectives for this inventory\r\nwere to: 1) inventory and document the occurrence of reptile\r\nand amphibian species at MANZ, with the goal of documenting\r\nat least 90% of the species present; 2) provide one voucher\r\nspecimen for each species identified; 3) provide a GIS-referenced\r\nlist of sensitive species that are known to be federally- or\r\nstate-listed, rare, or worthy of special consideration that occur\r\nat MANZ; 4) describe park-wide distribution of federally- or\r\nstate-listed, rare, or special concern species; 5) enter all species\r\ndata into the National Park Service NPSpecies database; and\r\n6) provide all deliverables as outlined in the Mojave Network\r\nBiological Inventory Study Plan. Survey methods included\r\ntime-area constrained searches, lizard line transects, general\r\nsurveys, nighttime road driving, and pitfall trapping. We documented\r\nthe occurrence of ten reptile species (seven lizards and\r\nthree snakes), but found no amphibians. Based on our findings,\r\nas well as literature review and searches for museum specimen\r\nrecords, we estimate inventory completeness for Manzanar to\r\nbe 50%. Although the distribution and relative abundance of\r\ncommon lizard species is now known well enough to begin\r\ndevelopment of a monitoring protocol for that group, additional\r\ninventory work is needed in order to establish a baseline of species\r\noccurrence of amphibians and snakes at Manzanar.\r\nKey Words: amphibians, reptiles, Manzanar National\r\nHistoric Site, Inyo County, California, Owens Valley, Mojave\r\nDesert, Great Basin Desert, inventory.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061232","usgsCitation":"Persons, T.B., Nowak, E., and Hillard, S., 2006, Inventory of Amphibians and Reptiles at Manzanar National Historic Site, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1232, iv, 27 p.; 4 figs.; 7 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061232.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.; 4 figs.; 7 tables","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8763,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/files/pdfs/ofr_2006-1232.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persons, Trevor B.","contributorId":96354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persons","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hillard, Scott","contributorId":84017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillard","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77383,"text":"ds146 - 2006 - usSEABED: Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) offshore surficial sediment data release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T19:23:08.622181","indexId":"ds146","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"146","title":"usSEABED: Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) offshore surficial sediment data release","docAbstract":"Over the past 50 years there has been an explosion in scientific interest, research effort and information gathered on the geologic sedimentary character of the United States continental margin. Data and information from thousands of publications have greatly increased our scientific understanding of the geologic origins of the shelf surface but rarely have those data been combined and integrated.
\nThis publication is the first release of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) coastal and offshore data from the usSEABED database. The report contains a compilation of published and previously unpublished sediment texture and other geologic data about the sea floor from diverse sources. usSEABED is an innovative database system developed to bring assorted data together in a unified database. The dbSEABED system is used to process the data. Examples of maps displaying attributes such as grain size and sediment color are included. This database contains information that is a scientific foundation for the USGS Marine Aggregate Resources and Processes Assessment and Benthic Habitats projects, and will be useful to the marine science community for other studies of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean continental margins.
\nThis publication is divided into ten sections: Home, Introduction, Content, usSEABED (data), dbSEABED (processing), Data Catalog, References, Contacts, Acknowledgments and Frequently Asked Questions. Use the navigation bar on the left to navigate to specific sections of this report. Underlined topics throughout the publication are links to more information. Links to specific and detailed information on processing and those to pages outside this report will open in a new browser window.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds146","usgsCitation":"Buczkowski, B., Reid, J.A., Jenkins, C.J., Reid, J.M., Williams, S.J., and Flocks, J.G., 2006, usSEABED: Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) offshore surficial sediment data release (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 146, Report: 50 p.; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds146.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"50","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds146.PNG"},{"id":8354,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/146/images/pdf/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8353,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/146/htmldocs/data_cata.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.32137114540356,\n 28.69625797863533\n ],\n [\n -96.32137114540356,\n 10.54986233515379\n ],\n [\n -58.46737804409631,\n 10.54986233515379\n ],\n [\n -58.46737804409631,\n 28.69625797863533\n ],\n [\n -96.32137114540356,\n 28.69625797863533\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buczkowski, Brian J.","contributorId":40299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buczkowski","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, Chris J.","contributorId":14066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, Jamey M.","contributorId":68386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jamey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":77030,"text":"sir20065013 - 2006 - Regional evaluation of the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic properties, and chemical characteristics of the intermediate aquifer system underlying southern west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"sir20065013","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5013","title":"Regional evaluation of the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic properties, and chemical characteristics of the intermediate aquifer system underlying southern west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Three major aquifer systems-the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate aquifer system, and the Floridan aquifer system-are recognized in the approximately 5,100-square-mile southern west-central Florida study area. The principal source of freshwater for all uses is ground water supplied from the three aquifer systems. Ground water from the intermediate aquifer system is considered only moderately abundant compared to the Upper Floridan aquifer, but it is an important source of water where the Upper Floridan aquifer contains water too mineralized for most uses. In the study area, the potential ground-water resources of the intermediate aquifer system were evaluated by regionally assessing the vertical and lateral distribution of hydrogeologic, hydraulic, and chemical characteristics.\r\n\r\nAlthough the intermediate aquifer system is considered a single entity, it is composed of multiple water-bearing zones separated by confining units. Deposition of a complex assemblage of carbonate and siliciclastic sediments during the late Oligocene to early Pliocene time resulted in discontinuities that are reflected in transitional and abrupt contacts between facies. Discontinuous facies produce water-bearing zones that may be locally well-connected or culminate abruptly. Changes in the depositional environment created the multilayered intermediate aquifer system that contains as many as three zones of enhanced water-bearing capacity. The water-bearing zones consist of indurated limestone and dolostone and in some places unindurated sand, gravel, and shell beds, and these zones are designated, in descending order, as Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Zone 1 is thinnest (<80 feet thick) and is limited to <20 percent (southern part) of the study area. Zone 2, the only regionally extensive zone, is characterized by moderately low permeability. Zone 3 is found in about 50 percent of the study area, has the highest transmissivities, and generally is in good hydraulic connection with the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer. In parts of the study area, particularly in southwestern Hillsborough County and southeastern De Soto and Charlotte Counties, Zone 3 likely is contiguous with and part of the Upper Floridan aquifer.\r\n\r\nTransmissivity of the intermediate aquifer system ranges over five orders of magnitude from about 1 to more than 40,000 feet squared per day (ft2/d), but rarely exceeds 10,000 ft2/d. The overall transmissivity of the intermediate aquifer system is substantially lower (2 to 3 orders of magnitude) than the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer. Transmissivity varies vertically among the zones within the intermediate aquifer system; Zone 2 has the lowest median transmissivity (700 ft2/d), Zone 1 has a moderate median transmissivity (2,250 ft2/d), and Zone 3 has the highest median transmissivity (3,400 ft2/d). Additionally, the transmissivity varies geographically (from site to site) within a zone. Specifically, a region of relatively low transmissivity (<100 ft2/d) throughout the vertical extent of the intermediate aquifer system is present in the central part of the study area. This low transmissivity region is encompassed by a larger region of moderately low transmissivity (<1,000 ft2/d) that covers a large part of the study area.\r\n\r\nClay beds and fine-grained carbonates form the confining units between the water-bearing zones and are characterized by low leakance. Leakance through the intermediate aquifer system confining units ranges over 4 orders of magnitude from 4.2x10-7 to 6.0x10-3 feet per day per foot [(ft/d)/ft]. Despite the large range, the geometric mean and median leakances of individual confining units are within the same order of magnitude, 10-5 (ft/d)/ft, which is 2 orders of magnitude less than the median leakance of the semiconfining unit within the Upper Floridan aquifer.\r\n\r\nMajor ion concentrations in water from the intermediate aquifer system, and throughout the ground-water flow system, generally increase with depth. T","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065013","usgsCitation":"Knochenmus, L.A., 2006, Regional evaluation of the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic properties, and chemical characteristics of the intermediate aquifer system underlying southern west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5013, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065013.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8173,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5013/pdf/appendixes.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,26.75 ], [ -82.5,28 ], [ -81.5,28 ], [ -81.5,26.75 ], [ -82.5,26.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knochenmus, Lari A. lari@usgs.gov","contributorId":301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"Lari","email":"lari@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77012,"text":"sir20065098 - 2006 - Land-cover trends in the Mojave basin and range ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"sir20065098","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5098","title":"Land-cover trends in the Mojave basin and range ecoregion","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Land-Cover Trends Project aims to estimate the rates of contemporary land-cover change within the conterminous United States between 1972 and 2000. A random sampling approach was used to select a representative sample of 10-km by 10-km sample blocks and to estimate change within +/- 1 percent at an 85-percent confidence interval. Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Thematic Mapper, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus data were used, and each 60-m pixel was assigned to one of 11 distinct land-cover classes based upon a modified Anderson classification system. Upon completion of land-cover change mapping for five dates, land-cover change statistics were generated and analyzed. This paper presents estimates for the Mojave Basin and Range ecoregion located in the southwestern United States. Our research suggests land-cover change within the Mojave to be relatively rare and highly localized. The primary shift in land cover is unidirectional, with natural desert grass/shrubland being converted to development. We estimate that more than 1,300 km2 have been converted since 1973 and that the conversion is being largely driven by economic and recreational opportunities provided by the Mojave ecoregion. The time interval with the highest rate of change was 1986 to 1992, in which the rate was 0.21 percent (321.9 km2) per year total change.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065098","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., and Raumann, C.G., 2006, Land-cover trends in the Mojave basin and range ecoregion: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5098, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065098.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":295,"text":"Geography National Land-cover Trends Project","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,33.75 ], [ -118.5,38 ], [ -113,38 ], [ -113,33.75 ], [ -118.5,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raumann, Christian G.","contributorId":65893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184351,"text":"70184351 - 2006 - The behavior of rare earth elements in naturally and anthropogenically acidified waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:30:14","indexId":"70184351","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2152,"text":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The behavior of rare earth elements in naturally and anthropogenically acidified waters","docAbstract":"In this paper, the behavior of rare earth elements (REE) in a watershed impacted by acid-mine drainage (Fisher Creek, Montana) is compared to that in a volcanically acidified watershed (Rio Agrio and Lake Caviahue, Argentina). The REE behave conservatively in acidic waters with pH values less than approximately 5.5. However, above pH 5.5, REE concentrations are controlled by adsorption onto or co-precipitation with a variety of Fe or Al oxyhydroxides. The heavy REE partition to a greater extent into the solid phase than the light REE as pH rises above 6. Concentrations of REE exhibit diel (24-h) cycling in waters that were initially acidic, but have become neutralized downstream. In Fisher Creek, at the most downstream sampling station investigated (pH 6.8), concentrations of dissolved REE were 190–840% higher in the early morning versus the late afternoon. This cycling can be related to temperature-dependent, cyclic adsorption–desorption of REE onto hydrous ferric or aluminum oxide or both. Similar but gentler diel cycling of the REE was found at Rio Agrio. The existence of such cycling has important ramifications for the study of REE in natural waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.07.082","usgsCitation":"Wood, S.A., Gammons, C.H., and Parker, S.R., 2006, The behavior of rare earth elements in naturally and anthropogenically acidified waters: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 418, no. 1-2, p. 161-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.07.082.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"161","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"418","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fce4b014cc3a3ba518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Scott A.","contributorId":187645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gammons, Chris","contributorId":140801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gammons","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":13574,"text":"Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Stephen R.","contributorId":140802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13574,"text":"Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76891,"text":"ds182 - 2006 - usSEABED: Pacific Coast (California, Oregon, Washington) Offshore Surficial-Sediment Data Release, version 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:12:27.086426","indexId":"ds182","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"182","title":"usSEABED: Pacific Coast (California, Oregon, Washington) Offshore Surficial-Sediment Data Release, version 1","docAbstract":"Over the past 50 years there has been an explosion in scientific interest, research effort, and information gathered on the geologic sedimentary character of the continental margin of the United States. Data and information from thousands of publications have greatly increased our scientific understanding of the geologic origins of the margin surface but rarely have those data been combined and integrated.\r\n\r\nThis publication is the first release of the Pacific coast data from the usSEABED database. The report contains a compilation of published and unpublished sediment texture and other geologic data about the sea floor from diverse sources. usSEABED is an innovative database system developed to unify assorted data, with the data processed by the dbSEABED system. Examples of maps displaying attributes such as grain size and sediment color are included. This database contains information that is a scientific foundation for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Sea floor Mapping and Benthic Habitats project and the Marine Aggregate Resources and Processes assessment project, and will be useful to the marine science community for other studies of the Pacific coast continental margin.\r\n\r\nThe publication is divided into 10 sections: Home, Introduction, Content, usSEABED (data), dbSEABED (processing), Data Catalog, References, Contacts, Acknowledgments, and Frequently Asked Questions. Use the navigation bar on the left to navigate to specific sections of this report. Underlined topics throughout the publication are links to more information. Links to specific and detailed information on processing and to those to pages outside this report will open in a new browser window.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds182","usgsCitation":"Reid, J.A., Reid, J.M., Jenkins, C.J., Zimmermann, M., Williams, S.J., and Field, M.E., 2006, usSEABED: Pacific Coast (California, Oregon, Washington) Offshore Surficial-Sediment Data Release, version 1 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 182, Report: iii, 57 p.; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds182.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 57 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393928,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76638.htm"},{"id":8058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/182/usseabed.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8057,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -117.0667,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -117.0667,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 32.5344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4780e4b07f02db482843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Jamey M.","contributorId":68386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jamey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, Chris J.","contributorId":14066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmermann, Mark","contributorId":49479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":76883,"text":"sir20065095 - 2006 - Water quality and relation to taste-and-odor compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1997-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:51:01.686774","indexId":"sir20065095","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5095","title":"Water quality and relation to taste-and-odor compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1997-2003","docAbstract":"Cheney Reservoir, the primary water supply for the city of Wichita in south-central Kansas, and its main source of inflow, the North Fork Ninnescah River, were sampled between 1997 and 2003 for sediment, nutrients, and the taste-and-odor-causing compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). It is believed that objectionable tastes and odors in Cheney Reservoir result from cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and there is concern with proliferation of algal growth. Both nutrients and suspended solids affect algal growth and may be a concern for taste-and-odor issues. The transport of nutrients and suspended solids from the North Fork Ninnescah River to Cheney Reservoir was monitored as part of an effort to understand and thereby mitigate algal proliferation. The regression-estimated concentrations of total phosphorus in water entering the reservoir from the North Fork Ninnescah River during 2001–03 exceeded the base-flow, runoff, and long-term goals established by the Cheney Reservoir Task Force. Total suspended-solids concentrations in water from the North Fork Ninnescah River during 2001–03 generally exceeded long-term goals only during periods of runoff.
\nWater samples from Cheney Reservoir were analyzed for geosmin and MIB, the two most common taste-and-odor causing compounds produced by cyanobacteria. MIB was rarely detected in samples, indicating that geosmin is likely the primary source of objectionable tastes and odors. Anabaena, a cyanobacterial genera often linked to taste-and-odor occurrences, was not statistically related to geosmin in Cheney Reservoir, which indicates that Anabaena abundance is not linearly related to geosmin concentration or that other cyanobacteria are producing geosmin.
\nRegression models were developed between geosmin and the physical property measurements continuously recorded by water-quality monitors at each site. The geosmin regression model was applied to water-quality monitor measurements, providing a continuous estimate of geosmin for 2003. The city of Wichita will be able to use this type of analysis to determine the probability of when concentrations of geosmin are likely to be at or above the human detection level of 0.01 microgram per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Graham, J.L., Milligan, C.R., Pope, L.M., and Ziegler, A., 2006, Water quality and relation to taste-and-odor compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1997-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5095, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065095.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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M.","contributorId":93455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":76836,"text":"ofr20061101 - 2006 - User's Guide, software for reduction and analysis of daily weather and surface-water data: Tools for time series analysis of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"ofr20061101","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1101","title":"User's Guide, software for reduction and analysis of daily weather and surface-water data: Tools for time series analysis of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow data","docAbstract":"The software described here is used to process and analyze daily weather and surface-water data. The programs are refinements of earlier versions that include minor corrections and routines to calculate frequencies above a threshold on an annual or seasonal basis. Earlier versions of this software were used successfully to analyze historical precipitation patterns of the Mojave Desert and the southern Colorado Plateau regions, ecosystem response to climate variation, and variation of sediment-runoff frequency related to climate (Hereford and others, 2003; 2004; in press; Griffiths and others, 2006). The main program described here (Day_Cli_Ann_v5.3) uses daily data to develop a time\r\nseries of various statistics for a user specified accounting period such as a year or season. The statistics include averages and totals, but the emphasis is on the frequency of occurrence in days of relatively rare weather or runoff events. These statistics are indices of climate variation; for a discussion of climate indices, see the Climate Research Unit website of the University of East Anglia (http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/projects/stardex/) and the Climate Change Indices web site (http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/indices.html). Specifically, the indices computed with this software are the frequency of high intensity 24-hour rainfall, unusually warm temperature, and unusually high runoff. These rare, or extreme events, are those greater than the 90th percentile of precipitation, streamflow, or temperature computed for the period of record of weather or gaging stations. If they cluster in time over several decades, extreme events may produce detectable change in the physical landscape and ecosystem of a given region. Although the software has been tested on a variety of data, as with any software, the user should carefully evaluate the results with their data. The programs were designed for the range of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow measurements expected in the semiarid Southwest United States. The user is encouraged to review the examples provided with the software. The software is written in Fortran 90 with Fortran 95 extensions and was compiled with the Digital Visual Fortran compiler version 6.6. The executables run on Windows 2000 and XP, and they operate in a MS-DOS console window that has only very simple graphical options such as font size and color, background color, and size of the window. Error trapping was not written into the programs. Typically, when an error occurs, the console window closes without a message.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061101","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., 2006, User's Guide, software for reduction and analysis of daily weather and surface-water data: Tools for time series analysis of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1101, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061101.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1101/of2006-1101_software.zip"},{"id":8003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60401d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76578,"text":"gip31 - 2006 - Facing the great disaster : How the men and women of the U.S. Geological Survey responded to the 1906 \"San Francisco Earthquake\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:28:25","indexId":"gip31","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Facing the great disaster : How the men and women of the U.S. Geological Survey responded to the 1906 \"San Francisco Earthquake\"","docAbstract":"It was the most devastating earthquake in California’s history. At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the ground under the San Francisco Bay Area shook violently for more than 40 seconds. The magnitude 7.8 earthquake created a rupture along nearly 300 miles of the San Andreas Fault and was felt from southern Oregon to Los Angeles. Because the earthquake’s epicenter was just offshore from San Francisco, the impact on that city was catastrophic. Fragments of broken houses and buildings tumbled into the streets. The pipeline carrying water into the city was severed; fires triggered by broken gas mains raged out of control for 3 days. An area of almost 5 square miles in the heart of the city was destroyed by shaking and fire, and earthquake damage was widespread elsewhere. At least 3,000 people were killed, and 225,000 were left homeless. Drinking water, food, and supplies quickly became scarce.
In 1906, the only permanent U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) office in California was the Pacific Division topographic mapping office in Sacramento, 70 miles up the Sacramento River from San Francisco Bay. The office had been established just 3 years earlier and was the only USGS office ever created for the sole function of topographic mapping. At the time of the earthquake, many USGS topographers were in Sacramento preparing for a summer of field work.
Although moderate shaking was felt in Sacramento, then a town of about 30,000 people, detailed information about the earthquake was slow to reach the residents there. USGS topographic engineer George R. Davis, not knowing the full extent of the damage, was fearful that his 62-year-old father Edward Davis in San Francisco was caught up in the devastation. George therefore left Sacramento on the first train bound for the San Francisco Bay area. “He was very worried. The phones were down and he wasn’t sure whether or not the hotel his father was living in was damaged,” said George Davis’s daughter Anna (Davis) Rogers, then an octogenarian, in a 2005 interview. Recalling the stories she heard of these events while growing up, Anna added, “Fortunately [the hotel] hadn’t fallen down.”
George Davis, a tall man with a quiet demeanor and a dry wit, was accompanied to San Francisco by fellow USGS topographer Clarence L. Nelson. Both were 29 years old and in excellent physical condition after a year spent mapping the Mount Whitney quadrangle, which includes some of the most rugged terrain in the conterminous United States.
On their arrival in San Francisco, the pair was fortunate to find the elder Davis unharmed at the hotel where he had been living. Nelson—handsome, athletic, and artistic—had brought his camera in order to get photographs while things were still “hot” and began taking what were to become a memorable set of images. The three men wandered through San Francisco all night and through the following morning, moving from one dramatic scene to the next. Nelson captured the horse-mounted “dynamite squad,” soldiers marching on Van Ness Avenue, and a rare scene of two horsedrawn fire engines with one engine drawing water from a cistern on Union Street. One ironic photograph shows refugees making their way through rubble-filled streets in the direction of a wrecked City Hall. Flames from the burning heart of the city shone brightly against the darkness, and Nelson captured the surreal glow in several of his photographs, including one of Union Square with the Breuners building burning in the background.
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