Our ability to forecast the role of ecosystem processes in mitigating global greenhouse effects relies on understanding the driving forces on terrestrial C dynamics. This study evaluated the controls on soil organic C (SOC) changes from 1973 to 2000 in the northwest Great Plains. SOC source-sink relationships were quantified using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) based on 40 randomly located 10 × 10 km2 sample blocks. These sample blocks were aggregated into cropland, grassland, and forestland groups based on land cover composition within each sample block. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that SOC source-sink relationship from 1973 to 2000 was significantly related to the land cover type while the change rates mainly depended on the baseline SOC level and annual precipitation. Of all selected driving factors, the baseline SOC and nitrogen levels controlled the SOC change rates for the forestland and cropland groups, while annual precipitation determined the C source-sink relationship for the grassland group in which noticeable SOC sink strength was attributed to the conversion from cropped area to grass cover. Canonical correlation analysis also showed that grassland ecosystems are more complicated than others in the ecoregion, which may be difficult to identify on a field scale. Current model simulations need further adjustments to the model input variables for the grass cover-dominated ecosystems in the ecoregion.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005GB002610","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Johnston, C., Liu, J., and Tieszen, L., 2006, Analysis of ecosystem controls on soil carbon source-sink relationships in the northwest Great Plains: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 20, no. 4, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002610.","productDescription":"Article GB4012; 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002610"},{"id":236461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb11e4b0c8380cd48bbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, C.A.","contributorId":42175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028542,"text":"70028542 - 2006 - Crustal structure and tectonics of the northern part of the Southern Granulite Terrane, India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:10:57.120545","indexId":"70028542","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure and tectonics of the northern part of the Southern Granulite Terrane, India","docAbstract":"Deep seismic reflection studies investigating the exposed Archean lower continental crust of the Southern Granulite Terrane, India, yield important constraints on the nature and evolution of the deep crust, including the formation and exhumation of granulites. Seismic reflection images along the Kuppam–Bhavani profile reveal a band of reflections that dip southward from 10.5 to 15.0 s two-way-time (TWT), across a distance of 50 km. The bottom of these reflections beneath the Dharwar craton is interpreted as the Moho. Further south, another reflection band dipping northward is observed. These bands of reflectivity constitute a divergent reflection fabric that converges at the Moho boundary observed at the Mettur shear zone. Reflection fabrics that intersect at a steep angle are interpreted as a collisional signature due to the convergence of crustal blocks, which we infer resulted in crustal thickening and the formation of granulites. Anomalous gravity and magnetic signatures are also observed across the Mettur shear zone. The gravity model derived from the Bouguer gravity data corroborates seismic results. The tectonic regime and seismic reflection profiles are combined in a 3-D representation that illustrates our evidence for paleo-subduction at a collision zone. The structural dissimilarities and geophysical anomalies suggest that the Mettur shear zone is a suture between the Dharwar craton in the north and another crustal block in the south. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of the operation of Archean plate tectonics, here inferred to involve collision and subduction. Furthermore, it provides an important link between the Gondwanaland and global granulite evolution occurring throughout the late Archean.
Reliable information on historical and current population dynamics is central to understanding patterns of growth and decline in animal populations. We developed a maximum likelihood-based analysis to estimate spatial and temporal trends in age/sex-specific survival rates for the threatened southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), using annual population censuses and the age structure of salvaged carcass collections. We evaluated a wide range of possible spatial and temporal effects and used model averaging to incorporate model uncertainty into the resulting estimates of key vital rates and their variances. We compared these results to current demographic parameters estimated in a telemetry-based study conducted between 2001 and 2004. These results show that survival has decreased substantially from the early 1990s to the present and is generally lowest in the north-central portion of the population's range. The greatest temporal decrease in survival was for adult females, and variation in the survival of this age/sex class is primarily responsible for regulating population growth and driving population trends. Our results can be used to focus future research on southern sea otters by highlighting the life history stages and mortality factors most relevant to conservation. More broadly, we have illustrated how the powerful and relatively straightforward tools of information-theoretic-based model fitting can be used to sort through and parameterize quite complex demographic modeling frameworks. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2293:IDDARC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Doak, D.F., Estes, J.A., Hatfield, B.B., Staedler, M., and Gross, A., 2006, Incorporating diverse data and realistic complexity into demographic estimation procedures for sea otters: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2293-2312, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2293:IDDARC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2293","endPage":"2312","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2293:IDDARC]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e9e4b0c8380cd61a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. Timothy","contributorId":82959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Brian B. 0000-0003-1432-2660 brian_hatfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1432-2660","contributorId":127457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Brian","email":"brian_hatfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staedler, Michelle M.","contributorId":40087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staedler","given":"Michelle M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, Arthur","contributorId":120963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gross","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028709,"text":"70028709 - 2006 - Recordings of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake on the General Earthquake Observation System array: Implications for earthquake precursors, fault rupture, and coseismic strain changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T16:01:41.172565","indexId":"70028709","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recordings of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake on the General Earthquake Observation System array: Implications for earthquake precursors, fault rupture, and coseismic strain changes","docAbstract":"The 2004 Parkfield earthquake generated a unique set of near-field, high-resolution colocated measurements of acceleration, volumetric strain, and velocity at 11 stations in the General Earthquake Observation System (geos) array. The recordings indicate no precursory strain or displacement was discernable at sensitivities of 10−11 strain and 5 × 10−8 m 25 sec prior to the earthquake at distances of 0.5 to 12 km of fault rupture. Coherent fault-parallel and fault-normal displacement pulses, observed along the fault north of the epicenter, are consistent with model predictions for “fling,” directivity, and displacement for right-lateral, strike-slip fault rupture. The fault-parallel and fault-normal pulses imply apparent rupture velocities of 2.86 ± 0.15 and 3.03 ± 0.24 km/sec, respectively. Unprecedented high-resolution volumetric-strain recordings on opposite sides of the fault show that dynamic strains radiated from ruptured segments of the fault are more than an order of magnitude larger than final coseismic strain offsets associated with fault slip, suggesting that dynamic radiated strain may have contributed to the triggering of failure on unruptured segments. High-resolution recordings show that coseismic strain offsets occur abruptly over time intervals of less than 10 sec near the time of arrival of the dominant radiated fault-parallel and fault-normal displacements. Subsequent measurements show that the strain offsets continue to increase by as much as 69% in 5 min and 300% in 24 hr over that measured during initial fault slip at depth. Estimates of local material parameters from simultaneous measurements of volumetric strain and acceleration confirm seismic calibration factors previously measurable in situ only at tidal periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050827","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., Johnston, M., Glassmoyer, G., and Dietel, C., 2006, Recordings of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake on the General Earthquake Observation System array: Implications for earthquake precursors, fault rupture, and coseismic strain changes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4B, p. S73-S89, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050827.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"S73","endPage":"S89","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.73905944824217,\n 35.69187929931617\n ],\n [\n -120.16227722167967,\n 35.69187929931617\n ],\n [\n -120.16227722167967,\n 36.05964632692448\n ],\n [\n -120.73905944824217,\n 36.05964632692448\n ],\n [\n -120.73905944824217,\n 35.69187929931617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"4B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a2a6e4b0e8fec6cdb643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glassmoyer, G.","contributorId":62751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietel, C.","contributorId":27916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028931,"text":"70028931 - 2006 - Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028931","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project","docAbstract":"For the safe final disposal and/or long-term storage of radioactive wastes, deep or near-surface underground repositories are being considered world-wide. A central safety feature is the prevention, or sufficient retardation, of radionuclide (RN) migration to the biosphere. To this end, radionuclide sorption is one of the most important processes. Decreasing the uncertainty in radionuclide sorption may contribute significantly to reducing the overall uncertainty of a performance assessment (PA). For PA, sorption is typically characterised by distribution coefficients (Kd values). The conditional nature of Kd requires different estimates of this parameter for each set of geochemical conditions of potential relevance in a RN's migration pathway. As it is not feasible to measure sorption for every set of conditions, the derivation of Kd for PA must rely on data derived from representative model systems. As a result, uncertainty in Kd is largely caused by the need to derive values for conditions not explicitly addressed in experiments. The recently concluded NEA Sorption Project [1] showed that thermodynamic sorption models (TSMs) are uniquely suited to derive K d as a function of conditions, because they allow a direct coupling of sorption with variable solution chemistry and mineralogy in a thermodynamic framework. The results of the project enable assessment of the suitability of various TSM approaches for PA-relevant applications as well as of the potential and limitations of TSMs to model RN sorption in complex systems. ?? by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.","largerWorkTitle":"Radiochimica Acta","language":"English","doi":"10.1524/ract.2006.94.9-11.779","issn":"00338230","usgsCitation":"Ochs, M., Davis, J., Olin, M., Payne, T., Tweed, C., Askarieh, M., and Altmann, S., 2006, Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project, in Radiochimica Acta, v. 94, no. 9-11, p. 779-785, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2006.94.9-11.779.","startPage":"779","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2006.94.9-11.779"},{"id":236624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"9-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa2e4b08c986b329c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ochs, M.","contributorId":92025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olin, M.","contributorId":58439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tweed, C.J.","contributorId":90087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Askarieh, M.M.","contributorId":94841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Askarieh","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Altmann, S.","contributorId":75321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altmann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028713,"text":"70028713 - 2006 - USGS directions in MODFLOW development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028713","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS directions in MODFLOW development","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00260.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Harbaugh, A., 2006, USGS directions in MODFLOW development, in Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 771-774, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00260.x.","startPage":"771","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00260.x"},{"id":236578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbc7e4b08c986b32881b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, A.W.","contributorId":15208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028575,"text":"70028575 - 2006 - Atmospheric chemistry of a 33-34 hour old volcanic cloud from Hekla Volcano (Iceland): Insights from direct sampling and the application of chemical box modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028575","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric chemistry of a 33-34 hour old volcanic cloud from Hekla Volcano (Iceland): Insights from direct sampling and the application of chemical box modeling","docAbstract":"On 28 February 2000, a volcanic cloud from Hekla volcano, Iceland, was serendipitously sampled by a DC-8 research aircraft during the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE I). It was encountered at night at 10.4 km above sea level (in the lower stratosphere) and 33-34 hours after emission. The cloud is readily identified by abundant SO2 (???1 ppmv), HCl (???70 ppbv), HF (???60 ppbv), and particles (which may have included fine silicate ash). We compare observed and modeled cloud compositions to understand its chemical evolution. Abundances of sulfur and halogen species indicate some oxidation of sulfur gases but limited scavenging and removal of halides. Chemical modeling suggests that cloud concentrations of water vapor and nitric acid promoted polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation at 201-203 K, yielding ice, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), sulfuric acid tetrahydrate (SAT), and liquid ternary solution H2SO4/H2O/HNO3 (STS) particles. We show that these volcanically induced PSCs, especially the ice and NAT particles, activated volcanogenic halogens in the cloud producing >2 ppbv ClOx. This would have destroyed ozone during an earlier period of daylight, consistent with the very low levels of ozone observed. This combination of volcanogenic PSCs and chlorine destroyed ozone at much faster rates than other PSCs that Arctic winter. Elevated levels of HNO3 and NOy in the cloud can be explained by atmospheric nitrogen fixation in the eruption column due to high temperatures and/or volcanic lightning. However, observed elevated levels of HOx remain unexplained given that the cloud was sampled at night. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JD006872","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rose, W.I., Millard, G., Mather, T., Hunton, D., Anderson, B., Oppenheimer, C., Thornton, B., Gerlach, T., Viggiano, A., Kondo, Y., Miller, T., and Ballenthin, J., 2006, Atmospheric chemistry of a 33-34 hour old volcanic cloud from Hekla Volcano (Iceland): Insights from direct sampling and the application of chemical box modeling: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 111, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006872.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477588,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006872","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209894,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006872"},{"id":236637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eebee4b0c8380cd49f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millard, G.A.","contributorId":94081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mather, T.A.","contributorId":40789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunton, D.E.","contributorId":42013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunton","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, B.","contributorId":34705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oppenheimer, C.","contributorId":69767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thornton, B.F.","contributorId":42014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Viggiano, A.A.","contributorId":77346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viggiano","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kondo, Y.","contributorId":50710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Miller, T.M.","contributorId":78925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ballenthin, J.O.","contributorId":49168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballenthin","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70028577,"text":"70028577 - 2006 - Environmental and geochemical record of human-induced changes in C storage during the last millennium in a temperate wetland (Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park, central Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028577","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental and geochemical record of human-induced changes in C storage during the last millennium in a temperate wetland (Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park, central Spain)","docAbstract":"Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park has experienced many hydrological and ecological modifications through out its history, both of natural as well as anthropogenic origin, which have affected its carbon storage capacity and carbon fluxes. The study of those variations has been carried out by the analysis of its sedimentary record (geochemistry and pollen) and historical data. The natural changes have a wider variation range than the anthropogenic ones, show repetitive patterns and the system reacts readjusting the equilibrium among its components. Anthropogenic effects depend on the direct or indirect impact on the wetlands of change and its intensity. In addition, the anthropogenic impacts have the capacity of breaking the natural balance of the ecosystem and the internal interactions. ?? 2006 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2006 Blackwell Munksgaard.","largerWorkTitle":"Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00211.x","issn":"02806509","usgsCitation":"Dominguez-Castro, F., Santisteban, J., Mediavilla, R., Dean, W., Lopez-Pamo, E., Gil-Garcia, M., and Ruiz-Zapata, M., 2006, Environmental and geochemical record of human-induced changes in C storage during the last millennium in a temperate wetland (Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park, central Spain), in Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 573-585, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00211.x.","startPage":"573","endPage":"585","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477515,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00211.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209920,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00211.x"},{"id":236673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a099ce4b0c8380cd51fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dominguez-Castro, F.","contributorId":82996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez-Castro","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santisteban, J.I.","contributorId":56118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santisteban","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mediavilla, R.","contributorId":43240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mediavilla","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez-Pamo, E.","contributorId":107580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez-Pamo","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gil-Garcia, M. J.","contributorId":92556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gil-Garcia","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruiz-Zapata, M. B.","contributorId":30882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz-Zapata","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028572,"text":"70028572 - 2006 - A simple method of predicting S-wave velocity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028572","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple method of predicting S-wave velocity","docAbstract":"Prediction of shear-wave velocity plays an important role in seismic modeling, amplitude analysis with offset, and other exploration applications. This paper presents a method for predicting S-wave velocity from the P-wave velocity on the basis of the moduli of dry rock. Elastic velocities of water-saturated sediments at low frequencies can be predicted from the moduli of dry rock by using Gassmann's equation; hence, if the moduli of dry rock can be estimated from P-wave velocities, then S-wave velocities easily can be predicted from the moduli. Dry rock bulk modulus can be related to the shear modulus through a compaction constant. The numerical results indicate that the predicted S-wave velocities for consolidated and unconsolidated sediments agree well with measured velocities if differential pressure is greater than approximately 5 MPa. An advantage of this method is that there are no adjustable parameters to be chosen, such as the pore-aspect ratios required in some other methods. The predicted S-wave velocity depends only on the measured P-wave velocity and porosity. ?? 2006 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2357833","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2006, A simple method of predicting S-wave velocity: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2357833.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209863,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2357833"},{"id":236601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e590e4b0c8380cd46e18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028826,"text":"70028826 - 2006 - Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:35:14","indexId":"70028826","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?","docAbstract":"We studied the growth and survival of Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) ducklings to 30 days of age along the lower Kashunuk River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta from 1995 to 2000. We replicated this study at a second site, Kigigak Island, in 1999 and 2000. Age-adjusted estimates of duckling mass and survival at 30 days posthatching were highly variable. Duckling survival was consistently higher on Kigigak Island in 1999 and 2000, averaging 67%, while survival on the Kashunuk River averaged 45% during the same time period. Duckling survival was negatively related to hatching date. At the Kashunuk River site our data supported models that indicated age-adjusted mass varied with habitat type and declined with hatching date. Ducklings from Kashunuk River were heavier in 1999, while ducklings from Kigigak Island were heavier in 2000. However, we found a positive correlation between 30-day duckling survival and age-adjusted mass, suggesting a localized environmental effect on both parameters. We conclude that predation may be the proximate mechanism of mortality, but habitat conditions are likely the ultimate factors influencing duckling survival. Geographic variation in rates of duckling survival and apparent growth suggest that spatial heterogeneity in population vital rates is occurring at multiple levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:CGASOJ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Morse, J.A., Grand, J.B., and Moran, C.L., 2006, Correlated growth and survival of juvenile spectacled eiders: Evidence of habitat limitation?: The Condor, v. 108, no. 4, p. 901-911, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:CGASOJ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"911","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[901:cgasoj]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc21e4b0c8380cd4e131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morse, Julie A.","contributorId":63939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Christine L.","contributorId":6621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028686,"text":"70028686 - 2006 - Hydroacoustic separation of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) age groups in Lake Champlain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028686","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroacoustic separation of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) age groups in Lake Champlain","docAbstract":"Separate assessment of young-of-year (YOY) and yearling-and-older (YAO) fish is desirable from both ecological and management perspectives. Acoustic assessments provide information on fish population size structure in the target strength (TS) distribution, but interpretation of TS distributions must be done carefully, as single age groups can produce multiple TS modes. We assessed the ability of in situ TS distributions to identify Lake Champlain rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) age groups in June, July, and September of 2001 using mobile and stationary surveys, knowledge of vertical distribution preferences, and predicted TS from trawl catches. YAO rainbow smelt (93-179 mm total length) had wide TS distributions between -60 and -35 dB in all 3 months with two modes at approximately -50 and -40 dB. Most stationary survey single-fish tracks attributed to YAO had targets in both TS modes and a wide TS range often over 15 dB. Between June and September, YOY rainbow smelt TS increased, but single-fish tracks were unimodal, and the TS range was smaller (6 dB). Overlap in TS attributed to YOY and YAO increased from no overlap in June (YOY TS -76 to -61 dB, 15-25 mm) to moderate overlap in July (-76 to -50 dB, 25-63 mm) to considerable overlap in September (-68 to -45 dB, 33-80 mm). In June and July, the TS distribution changed abruptly at the thermocline, indicating almost complete separation of the two groups. A more gradual TS transition was evident in September, indicating substantial overlap between YOY and YAO. Separate estimates can be obtained in September by decomposing TS overlap into components attributed to YOY and YAO rainbow smelt. However, this decomposition introduces additional uncertainty and an assessment in July or possibly August is preferable to obtain separate abundance estimates of YOY and YAO. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.014","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Parker, S.S., Rudstam, L.G., Stritzel, T.J., and Parrish, D., 2006, Hydroacoustic separation of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) age groups in Lake Champlain: Fisheries Research, v. 82, no. 1-3, p. 176-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.014.","startPage":"176","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209995,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.014"},{"id":236781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3315e4b0c8380cd5ecf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Stetter S.L.","contributorId":74186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Stetter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stritzel, Thomson J.L.","contributorId":30024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stritzel","given":"Thomson","email":"","middleInitial":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrish, D.L.","contributorId":15144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028653,"text":"70028653 - 2006 - Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028653","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers","docAbstract":"TSU in partnership with the USGS has conducted extensive research regarding biode??gradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This research resulted in the development of a numerical approach to modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers that is taught to environmental engineering students in several steps. First, environmental engineering students are taught chemical-reaction engineering principles relating to a wide variety of environmental fate and transport issues. Second, as part of TSU's engineering course curriculum, students use a non-ideal flow laboratory reactor system and run a tracer study to establish residence time distribution (RTD). Next, the students couple that formula to a first-order biodegradation rate and predict the removal of a biodegradable contaminant as a function of residence time. Following this, students are shown data collected from karst bedrock wells that suggest that karst aquifers are analogous to non-ideal flow reactors. The students are challenged to develop rates of biodegradation through lab studies and use their results to predict biodegradaton at an actual contaminated karst site. Field studies are also conducted to determine the accuracy of the students' predictions. This academic approach teaches biodegradation processes, rate-kinetic processes, hydraulic processes and numerical principles. The students are able to experience how chemical engineering principles can be applied to other situations, such as, modeling biodegradation of contaminants in karst aquifers. This paper provides background on the chemical engineering principles and karst issues used in the research-enhanced curriculum. ?? American Society for Engineering Education, 2006.","largerWorkTitle":"ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006","conferenceDate":"18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"King, L., Byl, T., and Painter, R., 2006, Research approach to teaching groundwater biodegradation in karst aquifers, in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, Chicago, IL, 18 June 2006 through 21 June 2006.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91be4b0c8380cd85c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, L.","contributorId":23744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byl, T.","contributorId":31967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byl","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, R.","contributorId":54393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028589,"text":"70028589 - 2006 - Are southern California's fragmented saltmarshes capable of sustaining endemic bird populations?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028589","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are southern California's fragmented saltmarshes capable of sustaining endemic bird populations?","docAbstract":"Loss of coastal saltmarshes in southern California has been estimated at 75-90% since presettlement times. The remaining wetlands are mostly fragmented and degraded, and most frequently have harsh edges adjacent to urban landscapes. Non-migratory Belding's Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi) and Light-footed Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris levipes) are endemic to saltmarshes in southern California and Baja California, Mexico. Population sizes of Belding's Savannah Sparrows show a positive relationship with saltmarsh area, but few large wetland fragments remain within their range in California. Belding's Savannah Sparrows are sensitive to fragmentation and isolation, with small isolated marshes acting as population sinks. In addition, this subspecies shows low genetic variability, limited dispersal, and small effective population sizes. Light-footed Clapper Rails are habitat specialists, found in marshes with good tidal flushing that support California cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) habitats. Light-footed Clapper rails also show low genetic variability and limited dispersal and the remnant populations of clapper rails are relatively isolated from one another. Large wetland complexes may serve as population sources for both species, while small, isolated marshes may act as population sinks but more research is needed to estimate and model the dynamics of these two metapopulations. Mitigation for wetland loss and restoration projects should not be evaluated simply by presence of rare bird species alone, but instead efforts should be made to determine population sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","isbn":"0943610702; 9780943610702","usgsCitation":"Powell, A., 2006, Are southern California's fragmented saltmarshes capable of sustaining endemic bird populations?: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 32, p. 198-204.","startPage":"198","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5fe4b0c8380cd4978c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","contributorId":128314,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","id":536636,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028459,"text":"70028459 - 2006 - Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:43:01","indexId":"70028459","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum","docAbstract":"The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity discovered sulphate-rich sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum on Mars, which are interpreted by McCollom and Hynek as altered volcanic rocks. However, their conclusions are derived from an incorrect representation of our depositional model, which is upheld by more recent Rover data. We contend that all the available data still support an aeolian and aqueous sedimentary origin for Meridiani bedrock.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature05212","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Aharonson, O., Arvidson, R., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Crisp, J., Farrand, W., Glotch, T., Golombek, M., Grant, J., Grotzinger, J., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Jolliff, B., Knoll, A., McLennan, S.M., McSween, H., Moore, J.N., Rice, J.W., and Tosca, N., 2006, Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum: Nature, v. 443, no. 7107, p. E1-E2, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05212.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"E1","endPage":"E2","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"443","issue":"7107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bb7e4b0c8380cd795b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aharonson, O.","contributorId":105030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aharonson","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, B. C.","contributorId":39918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crisp, J.A.","contributorId":36327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crisp","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Farrand, W.","contributorId":32661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Glotch, T.","contributorId":85051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glotch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grant, J.","contributorId":53929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.","contributorId":73384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"McSween, H.Y.","contributorId":64370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSween","given":"H.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Tosca, N.","contributorId":24982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70028681,"text":"70028681 - 2006 - Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028681","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS","docAbstract":"Titan's bulk density along with Solar System formation models indicates considerable water as well as silicates as its major constituents. This satellite's dense atmosphere of nitrogen with methane is unique. Deposits or even oceans of organic compounds have been suggested to exist on Titan's solid surface due to UV-induced photochemistry in the atmosphere. Thus, the composition of the surface is a major piece of evidence needed to determine Titan's history. However, studies of the surface are hindered by the thick, absorbing, hazy and in some places cloudy atmosphere. Ground-based telescope investigations of the integral disk of Titan attempted to observe the surface albedo in spectral windows between methane absorptions by calculating and removing the haze effects. Their results were reported to be consistent with water ice on the surface that is contaminated with a small amount of dark material, perhaps organic material like tholin. We analyze here the recent Cassini Mission's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) observations that resolve regions on Titan. VIMS is able to see surface features and shows that there are spectral and therefore likely compositional units. By several methods, spectral albedo estimates within methane absorption windows between 0.75 and 5 ??m were obtained for different surface units using VIMS image cubes from the Cassini-Huygens Titan Ta encounter. Of the spots studied, there appears to be two compositional classes present that are associated with the lower albedo and the higher albedo materials, with some variety among the brighter regions. These were compared with spectra of several different candidate materials. Our results show that the spectrum of water ice contaminated with a darker material matches the reflectance of the lower albedo Titan regions if the spectral slope from 2.71 to 2.79 ??m in the poorly understood 2.8-??m methane window is ignored. The spectra for brighter regions are not matched by the spectrum of water ice or unoxidized tholin, in pure form or in mixtures with sufficient ice or tholin present to allow the water ice or tholin spectral features to be discerned. We find that the 2.8-??m methane absorption window is complex and seems to consist of two weak subwindows at 2.7 and 2.8 ??m that have unknown opacities. A ratio image at these two wavelengths reveals an anomalous region on Titan that has a reflectance unlike any material so far identified, but it is unclear how much the reflectances in these two subwindows pertain to the surface. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"McCord, T.B., Hansen, G.B., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., D’Aversa, E., Griffith, C., Baines, E., Brown, R.H., Dalle, O., Filacchione, G., Formisano, V., Hibbitts, C.A., Jaumann, R., Lunine, J., Nelson, R., and Sotin, C., 2006, Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Planetary and Space Science, v. 54, no. 15, p. 1524-1539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007.","startPage":"1524","endPage":"1539","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209923,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007"}],"volume":"54","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f925e4b0c8380cd4d46d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"D’Aversa, E.","contributorId":31949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Aversa","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baines, E.K.H.","contributorId":15476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baines","given":"E.K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brown, R. 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A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lunine, J. I.","contributorId":51899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunine","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70028930,"text":"70028930 - 2006 - Surface fault slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:37:25","indexId":"70028930","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface fault slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"Surface fracturing occurred along the San Andreas fault, the subparallel Southwest Fracture Zone, and six secondary faults in association with the 28 September 2004 (M 6.0) Parkfield earthquake. Fractures formed discontinuous breaks along a 32-km-long stretch of the San Andreas fault. Sense of slip was right lateral; only locally was there a minor (1-11 mm) vertical component of slip. Right-lateral slip in the first few weeks after the event, early in its afterslip period, ranged from 1 to 44 mm. Our observations in the weeks following the earthquake indicated that the highest slip values are in the Middle Mountain area, northwest of the mainshock epicenter (creepmeter measurements indicate a similar distribution of slip). Surface slip along the San Andreas fault developed soon after the mainshock; field checks in the area near Parkfield and about 5 km to the southeast indicated that surface slip developed more than 1 hr but generally less than 1 day after the event. Slip along the Southwest Fracture Zone developed coseismically and extended about 8 km. Sense of slip was right lateral; locally there was a minor to moderate (1-29 mm) vertical component of slip. Right-lateral slip ranged from 1 to 41 mm. Surface slip along secondary faults was right lateral; the right-lateral component of slip ranged from 3 to 5 mm. Surface slip in the 1966 and 2004 events occurred along both the San Andreas fault and the Southwest Fracture Zone. In 1966 the length of ground breakage along the San Andreas fault extended 5 km longer than that mapped in 2004. In contrast, the length of ground breakage along the Southwest Fracture Zone was the same in both events, yet the surface fractures were more continuous in 2004. Surface slip on secondary faults in 2004 indicated previously unmapped structural connections between the San Andreas fault and the Southwest Fracture Zone, further revealing aspects of the structural setting and fault interactions in the Parkfield area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050830","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Rymer, M.J., Tinsley, J.C., Treiman, J., Arrowsmith, J., Ciahan, K., Rosinski, A., Bryant, W., Snyder, H.A., Fuis, G., Toke, N., and Bawden, G., 2006, Surface fault slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050830.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050830"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fa9e4b08c986b31e768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C. III","contributorId":39777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Treiman, J.A.","contributorId":19735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treiman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arrowsmith, J.R.","contributorId":88536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ciahan, K.B.","contributorId":21336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciahan","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosinski, A.M.","contributorId":37939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosinski","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bryant, W. A.","contributorId":56255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snyder, Hollice A.","contributorId":59530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Hollice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Toke, N.A.","contributorId":76924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toke","given":"N.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bawden, G.W.","contributorId":61139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028755,"text":"70028755 - 2006 - The origin of neap-spring tidal cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028755","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin of neap-spring tidal cycles","docAbstract":"The origin of oceanic tides is a basic concept taught in most introductory college-level sedimentology/geology, oceanography, and astronomy courses. Tides are typically explained in the context of the equilibrium tidal theory model. Yet this model does not take into account real tides in many parts of the world. Not only does the equilibrium tidal model fail to explicate amphidromic circulation, it also does not explain diurnal tides in low latitude positions. It likewise fails to explain the existence of tide-dominated areas where neap-spring cycles are synchronized with the 27.32-day orbital cycle of the Moon (tropical month), rather than with the more familiar 29.52-day cycle of lunar phases (synodic month). Both types of neap-spring cycles can be recognized in the rock record. A complete explanation of the origin of tides should include a discussion of dynamic tidal theory. In the dynamic tidal model, tides resulting from the motions of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth and the Earth in its orbit around the Sun are modeled as products of the combined effects of a series of phantom satellites. The movement of each of these satellites, relative to the Earth's equator, creates its own tidal wave that moves around an amphidromic point. Each of these waves is referred to as a tidal constituent. The geometries of the ocean basins determine which of these constituents are amplified. Thus, the tide-raising potential for any locality on Earth can be conceptualized as the result of a series of tidal constituents specific to that region. A better understanding of tidal cycles opens up remarkable opportunities for research on tidal deposits with implications for, among other things, a more complete understanding of the tidal dynamics responsible for sediment transport and deposition, changes in Earth-Moon distance through time, and the possible influences tidal cycles may exert on organisms. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.001","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Kvale, E., 2006, The origin of neap-spring tidal cycles: Marine Geology, v. 235, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 5-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.001.","startPage":"5","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.001"},{"id":236646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae6ee4b08c986b3240bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvale, E.P.","contributorId":76076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvale","given":"E.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028694,"text":"70028694 - 2006 - Examination of the watershed-wide distribution of Escherichia coli along southern Lake Michigan: An integrated approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:53:20","indexId":"70028694","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examination of the watershed-wide distribution of Escherichia coli along southern Lake Michigan: An integrated approach","docAbstract":"Recent research has highlighted the occurrence of Escherichia coli in natural habitats not directly influenced by sewage inputs. Most studies on E. coli in recreational water typically focus on discernible sources (e.g., effluent discharge and runoff) and fall short of integrating riparian, nearshore, onshore, and outfall sources. An integrated “beachshed” approach that links E. coli inputs and interactions would be helpful to understand the difference between background loading and sewage pollution; to develop more accurate predictive models; and to understand the differences between potential, net, and apparent culturable E. coli. The objective of this study was to examine the interrelatedness of E. colioccurrence from various coastal watershed components along southern Lake Michigan. The study shows that once established in forest soil, E. coli can persist throughout the year, potentially acting as a continuous non-point source of E. colito nearby streams. Year-round background stream loading of E. coli can influence beach water quality. E. coli is present in highly variable counts in beach sand to depths just below the water table and to distances at least 5 m inland from the shore, providing a large potential area of input to beach water. In summary, E. coliin the fluvial-lacustrine system may be stored in forest soils, sediments surrounding springs, bank seeps, stream margins and pools, foreshore sand, and surface groundwater. While rainfall events may increase E. coli counts in the foreshore sand and lake water, concentrations quickly decline to prerain concentrations. Onshore winds cause an increase in E. coli in shallow nearshore water, likely resulting from resuspension of E. coli-laden beach sand. When examining indicator bacteria source, flux, and context, the entire “beachshed” as a dynamic interacting system should be considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00454-06","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R., Nevers, M., and Byappanahalli, M., 2006, Examination of the watershed-wide distribution of Escherichia coli along southern Lake Michigan: An integrated approach: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 11, p. 7301-7310, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00454-06.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7301","endPage":"7310","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477530,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1636137","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00454-06"}],"volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d99e4b0c8380cd530dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028751,"text":"70028751 - 2006 - Mallard brood movements, wetland use, and duckling survival during and following a prairie drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:43:54","indexId":"70028751","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mallard brood movements, wetland use, and duckling survival during and following a prairie drought","docAbstract":"We used radiotelemetry to study mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) brood movements, wetland use, and duckling survival during a major drought (1988-1992) and during the first 2 years of the subsequent wet period (1993-1994) at 4 51-km2 sites in prairie pothole landscapes in eastern North Dakota, USA. About two-thirds of 69 radiomarked mallard broods initiated moves from the nest to water before noon, and all left the nest during daylight. On average, broods used fewer wetlands, but moved greater distances during the dry period than the wet period. Broods of all ages were more likely to make inter-wetland moves during the wet period and probabilities of inter-wetland moves decreased as duckling age increased, especially during the dry period. Brood use of seasonal wetlands nearly doubled from 22% to 43% and use of semi-permanent wetlands declined from 73% to 50% from the dry to the wet period. Eighty-one of 150 radiomarked ducklings died during 1,604 exposure days. We evaluated survival models containing variables related to water conditions, weather, duckling age, and hatch date. Model-averaged risk ratios indicated that, on any given date, radiomarked ducklings were 1.5 (95% CI = 0.8-2.8) times more likely to die when the percentage of seasonal basins containing water (WETSEAS) was ???18% than when WETSEAS was >40%. An interaction between duckling age and occurrence of rain on the current or 2 previous days indicated that rain effects were pronounced when ducklings were 0-7 days old but negligible when they were 8-30 days old. The TMIN (mean daily minimum temperature on the current and 2 previous days) effects generally were consistent between duckling age classes, and the risk of duckling death increased 9.3% for each 1??C decrease in TMIN across both age classes. Overall, the 30-day survival rate of ducklings equipped with radiotransmitters was about 0.23 lower than the survival rate of those without radiotransmitiers. Unmarked ducklings were 7.6 (95% CI = 2.7-21.3) times more likely to die on any given day when WETSEAS was ???18% than when WETSEAS was >40%. Higher duckling survival and increased use of seasonal wetlands during the wet period suggest that mallard production will benefit from programs that conserve and restore seasonal wetland habitat. Given adverse effects of low temperatures on duckling survival, managers may want to include this stochastic variable in models used to predict annual production of mallards in the Prairie Pothole Region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1436:MBMWUA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Pietz, P., Brandt, D., and Cox, R.R., 2006, Mallard brood movements, wetland use, and duckling survival during and following a prairie drought: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 5, p. 1436-1444, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1436:MBMWUA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1436","endPage":"1444","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1436:MBMWUA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c44e4b0c8380cd69b24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pietz, P.J.","contributorId":6398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028619,"text":"70028619 - 2006 - Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T18:19:23","indexId":"70028619","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2850,"text":"Near Surface Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone","docAbstract":"Borehole radar tomography was used as part of a pilot study to monitor steam‐enhanced remediation of a fractured limestone contaminated with volatile organic compounds at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine, USA. Radar tomography data were collected using 100‐MHz electric‐dipole antennae before and during steam injection to evaluate whether cross‐hole radar methods could detect changes in medium properties resulting from the steam injection. Cross‐hole levelrun profiles, in which transmitting and receiving antennae are positioned at a common depth, were made before and after the collection of each full tomography data set to check the stability of the radar instruments. Before tomographic inversion, the levelrun profiles were used to calibrate the radar tomography data to compensate for changes in traveltime and antenna power caused by instrument drift. Observed changes in cross‐hole radar traveltime and attenuation before and during steam injection were small. Slowness‐ and attenuation‐difference tomograms indicate small increases in radar slowness and attenuation at depths greater than about 22 m below the surface, consistent with increases in water temperature observed in the boreholes used for the tomography. Based on theoretical modelling results, increases in slowness and attenuation are interpreted as delineating zones where steam injection heating increased the electrical conductivity of the limestone matrix and fluid. The results of this study show the potential of cross‐hole radar tomography methods to monitor the effects of steam‐induced heating in fractured rock environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2006009","issn":"15694445","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., and Joesten, P., 2006, Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone: Near Surface Geophysics, v. 4, no. 6, p. 355-365, https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"365","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Former Loring Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.93413162231445,\n 46.94563336418989\n ],\n [\n -67.89379119873047,\n 46.94563336418989\n ],\n [\n -67.89379119873047,\n 46.97673875853991\n ],\n [\n -67.93413162231445,\n 46.97673875853991\n ],\n [\n -67.93413162231445,\n 46.94563336418989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbec7e4b08c986b3297aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, C.","contributorId":37142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}