Underlying mutation rates and other evolutionary forces shape the population structure of bacteria in nature. Although easily overlooked, similar forces are at work in the laboratory and may influence observed mutations. Here, we investigated tissue samples and Yersinia pestis isolates from a rodent laboratory challenge with strain CO92 using whole genome sequencing and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA). We identified six VNTR mutations that were found to have occurred in vitro during laboratory cultivation rather than in vivo during the rodent challenge. In contrast, no single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations were observed, either in vivo or in vitro. These results were consistent with previously published mutation rates and the calculated number of Y. pestis generations that occurred during the in vitro versus the in vivo portions of the experiment. When genotyping disease outbreaks, the potential for in vitro mutations should be considered, particularly when highly variable genetic markers such as VNTRs are used.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.019","usgsCitation":"Vogler, A.J., Nottingham, R., Busch, J.D., Sahl, J.W., Shuey, M.M., Foster, J.T., Schupp, J.M., Smith, S., Rocke, T.E., Klein, P., and Wagner, D.M., 2016, VNTR diversity in Yersinia pestis isolates from an animal challenge study reveals the potential for in vitro mutations during laboratory cultivation: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 45, p. 297-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.019.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-079769","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1820e4b0f5ce109fcad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogler, Amy J.","contributorId":177901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogler","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nottingham, Roxanne","contributorId":177902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nottingham","given":"Roxanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busch, Joseph D.","contributorId":44052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Busch","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sahl, Jason W.","contributorId":177903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahl","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shuey, Megan M.","contributorId":177904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuey","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":177905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schupp, James M.","contributorId":177906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schupp","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Susan 0000-0001-6478-5028 susansmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-5028","contributorId":139497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Susan","email":"susansmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klein, Paul","contributorId":177907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wagner, David M.","contributorId":8737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70179747,"text":"70179747 - 2016 - Status of scientific knowledge, recovery progress, and future research directions for the Gulf Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, 1955","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T16:11:22","indexId":"70179747","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of scientific knowledge, recovery progress, and future research directions for the Gulf Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, 1955","docAbstract":"The Gulf Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, is an anadromous species of Acipenseridae and native to North America. It currently inhabits and spawns in the upper reaches of seven natal rivers along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico from the Suwannee River, Florida, to the Pearl River, Louisiana, during spring to autumn. Next to the Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula), the Gulf Sturgeon is currently the largest fish species occurring in U.S. Gulf Coast rivers, attaining a length of 2.35 m and weights exceeding 135 kg, but historically attained a substantially larger size. Historically, the spawning populations existed in additional rivers from which the species has been wholly or nearly extirpated, such as the Mobile and Ochlockonee rivers, and possibly the Rio Grande River. Most Gulf Sturgeon populations were decimated by unrestricted commercial fishing between 1895–1910. Subsequently most populations remained unrecovered or extirpated due to continued harvest until the 1970s–1980s, and the construction of dams blocking access to ancestral upriver spawning grounds. Late 20th Century harvest bans and net bans enacted by the several Gulf Coast states have stabilized several populations and enabled the Suwannee River population to rebound substantially and naturally. Hatchery supplementation has not been necessary in this regard to date. Sturgeon are resilient and adaptable fishes with a geological history of 150 million years. Research undertaken since the 1970s has addressed many aspects of Gulf Sturgeon life history, reproduction, migration, population biology, habitat requirements, and other aspects of species biology. However, many knowledge gaps remain, prominently including the life history of early developmental stages in the first year of life. Natural population recovery is evident for the Suwannee River population, but seems promising as well for at least four other populations. The Pascagoula and Pearl River populations face a challenging future due a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. These two populations, and perhaps the Escambia River population, are particularly vulnerable to periodic mass mortality due to major stochastic events including hurricanes, flooding, hypoxia, and toxic spills. The present manuscript provides a comprehensive synthesis of knowledge regarding the Gulf Sturgeon at the organismal and population levels, identifying knowledge gaps as priorities for future research. Topics not treated in the present synthesis include morphology, internal biology, physiology, and endocrinology. Topics only briefly treated include parasites and diseases, contaminants, and sturgeon aquaculture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.13245","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., Parauka, F., Slack, W.T., Ruth, T., Randall, M.T., Luke, K., Mette, M.F., and Price, M., 2016, Status of scientific knowledge, recovery progress, and future research directions for the Gulf Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, 1955: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 32, no. 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This creates difficulties in understanding what is meant by ‘resilience’ in any given use case, especially in discussions of interdisciplinary research. To better understand this problem, this research constructs a preliminary integrative literature review to map different definitions, applications and calculation methods of resilience invoked within critical infrastructure applications. The preliminary review uses a State-of-the-Art Matrix (SAM) analysis to characterize differences in definition across disciplines and between regions. Qualifying the various usages of resilience will produce a greater precision in the literature and a deeper insight into types of data required for its evaluation, particularly with respect to critical infrastructure calculations and how such data may be analyzed. 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white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T13:59:46","indexId":"70179722","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability","docAbstract":"Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests in the western United States have been adversely affected by an exotic pathogen (Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust), insect outbreaks (Dendroctonus ponderosae, mountain pine beetle), and drought. We monitored individual trees from 2004 to 2013 and characterized stand-level biophysical conditions through a mountain pine beetle epidemic in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Specifically, we investigated associations between tree-level variables (duration and location of white pine blister rust infection, presence of mountain pine beetle, tree size, and potential interactions) with observations of individual whitebark pine tree mortality. Climate summaries indicated that cumulative growing degree days in years 2006–2008 likely contributed to a regionwide outbreak of mountain pine beetle prior to the observed peak in whitebark mortality in 2009. We show that larger whitebark pine trees were preferentially attacked and killed by mountain pine beetle and resulted in a regionwide shift to smaller size class trees. In addition, we found evidence that smaller size class trees with white pine blister rust infection experienced higher mortality than larger trees. This latter finding suggests that in the coming decades white pine blister rust may become the most probable cause of whitebark pine mortality. Our findings offered no evidence of an interactive effect of mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust infection on whitebark pine mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Interestingly, the probability of mortality was lower for larger trees attacked by mountain pine beetle in stands with higher evapotranspiration. Because evapotranspiration varies with climate and topoedaphic conditions across the region, we discuss the potential to use this improved understanding of biophysical influences on mortality to identify microrefugia that might contribute to successful whitebark pine conservation efforts. Using tree-level observations, the National Park Service-led Greater Yellowstone Interagency Whitebark Pine Long-term Monitoring Program provided important ecological insight on the size-dependent effects of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and water availability on whitebark pine mortality. This ongoing monitoring campaign will continue to offer observations that advance conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1610","usgsCitation":"Shanahan, E., Irvine, K.M., Thoma, D.P., Wilmoth, S.K., Ray, A., Legg, K., and Shovic, H., 2016, Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 12, e01610; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1610.","productDescription":"e01610; 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071368","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1610","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.313232421875,\n 42.15525946577863\n ],\n [\n -112.313232421875,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -108.599853515625,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -108.599853515625,\n 42.15525946577863\n ],\n [\n -112.313232421875,\n 42.15525946577863\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5879f5aae4b0847d353f44be","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1610","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1610","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Shanahan Erin, Irvine Kathryn M., Thoma David, Wilmoth Siri, Ray Andrew, Legg Kristin, Shovic Henry","journalName":"Ecosphere","publicationDate":"12/2016","auditedOn":"12/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanahan, Erin","contributorId":173524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanahan","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":27242,"text":"Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network, NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thoma, David P.","contributorId":45975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoma","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilmoth, Siri K. swilmoth@usgs.gov","contributorId":5501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmoth","given":"Siri","email":"swilmoth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ray, Andrew","contributorId":101972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Legg, Kristin","contributorId":146451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legg","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":16697,"text":"National Park Service, Greater Yellowstone Network, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shovic, Henry","contributorId":178305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shovic","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179630,"text":"70179630 - 2016 - A new biogeographically disjunct giant gecko (Gehyra: Gekkonidae: Reptilia) from the East Melanesian Islands ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T11:19:34","indexId":"70179630","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new biogeographically disjunct giant gecko (Gehyra: Gekkonidae: Reptilia) from the East Melanesian Islands ","docAbstract":"The East Melanesian Islands have been a focal area for research into island biogeography and community ecology. However, previously undescribed and biogeographically significant new species endemic to this region continue to be discovered. Here we describe a phylogenetically distinct (~20% divergence at the mitochondrial ND2 gene) and biogeographically disjunct new species of gecko in the genus Gehyra, from the Admiralty and St Matthias Islands. Gehyra rohan sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of its very large size, ring of bright orange scales around the eye, moderate degree of lateral folding on the limbs and body, and aspects of head, body and tail scalation. Molecular data indicate mid to late Miocene divergence of the new species from nearest relatives occurring nearly 2000 kilometres away in Vanuatu and Fiji. Large Gehyra have not been recorded on the intervening large islands of the Bismark Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland) and the Solomon Islands, suggesting this dispersal pre-dated the current configuration of these islands, extinction in intervening regions, or potentially elements of both. Conversely, low genetic divergence between disjunct samples on Manus and Mussau implies recent overseas dispersal via either natural or anthropogenic means.
","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.4208.1.3","usgsCitation":"Oliver, P.M., Clegg, J.R., Fisher, R.N., Richards, S.J., Taylor, P.N., and Jocque, M.M., 2016, A new biogeographically disjunct giant gecko (Gehyra: Gekkonidae: Reptilia) from the East Melanesian Islands : Zootaxa, v. 4208, no. 1, p. 61-76, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.1.3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-080193","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.1.3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4208","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760115e4b04eac8e0746db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, Paul M.","contributorId":178111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clegg, Jonathan R.","contributorId":178112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clegg","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, Stephen J.","contributorId":178113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Peter N.","contributorId":178114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jocque, Merlijn M. T.","contributorId":178115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jocque","given":"Merlijn","email":"","middleInitial":"M. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179631,"text":"70179631 - 2016 - Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T11:34:29","indexId":"70179631","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors","docAbstract":"Amphibians are one of the most threatened animal groups, with 32% of species at risk for extinction. Given this imperiled status, is the disappearance of a large fraction of the Earth’s amphibians inevitable, or are some declining species more resilient than is generally assumed? We address this question in a species that is emblematic of many declining amphibians, the endangered Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (Rana sierrae). Based on >7,000 frog surveys conducted across Yosemite National Park over a 20-y period, we show that, after decades of decline and despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors, including introduced fish, the recently emerged disease chytridiomycosis, and pesticides, R. sierrae abundance increased sevenfold during the study and at a rate of 11% per year. These increases occurred in hundreds of populations throughout Yosemite, providing a rare example of amphibian recovery at an ecologically relevant spatial scale. Results from a laboratory experiment indicate that these increases may be in part because of reduced frog susceptibility to chytridiomycosis. The disappearance of nonnative fish from numerous water bodies after cessation of stocking also contributed to the recovery. The large-scale increases in R. sierrae abundance that we document suggest that, when habitats are relatively intact and stressors are reduced in their importance by active management or species’ adaptive responses, declines of some amphibians may be partially reversible, at least at a regional scale. Other studies conducted over similarly large temporal and spatial scales are critically needed to provide insight and generality about the reversibility of amphibian declines at a global scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1600983113","usgsCitation":"Knapp, R.A., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., Miller, D.A., Vrendenburg, V.T., Rosenblum, E.B., and Briggs, C.J., 2016, Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 42, p. 11889-11894, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11889","endPage":"11894","ipdsId":"IP-075546","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"42","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760115e4b04eac8e0746d9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1600983113","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113","publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","authors":"Knapp Roland A., Fellers Gary M., Kleeman Patrick M., Miller David A. W., Vredenburg Vance T., Rosenblum Erica Bree, Briggs Cheryl J.","journalName":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","publicationDate":"10/3/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"4/18/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapp, Roland A.","contributorId":69901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David A. W.","contributorId":126732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A. W.","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrendenburg, Vance T.","contributorId":178116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vrendenburg","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenblum, Erica Bree","contributorId":104330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenblum","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"Bree","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Briggs, Cheryl J.","contributorId":127721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179748,"text":"70179748 - 2016 - Landslide hazards and climate change: A perspective from the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T20:14:17.721443","indexId":"70179748","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Landslide hazards and climate change: A perspective from the United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Density dependence, population regulation, and variability in population size are fundamental population processes, the manifestation and interrelationships of which are affected by environmental variability. However, there are surprisingly few empirical studies that distinguish the effect of environmental variability from the effects of population processes. We took advantage of a unique system, in which populations of the same duck species or close ecological counterparts live in highly variable (north American prairies) and in stable (north European lakes) environments, to distinguish the relative contributions of environmental variability (measured as between-year fluctuations in wetland numbers) and intraspecific interactions (density dependence) in driving population dynamics. We tested whether populations living in stable environments (in northern Europe) were more strongly governed by density dependence than populations living in variable environments (in North America). We also addressed whether relative population dynamical responses to environmental variability versus density corresponded to differences in life history strategies between dabbling (relatively “fast species” and governed by environmental variability) and diving (relatively “slow species” and governed by density) ducks. As expected, the variance component of population fluctuations caused by changes in breeding environments was greater in North America than in Europe. Contrary to expectations, however, populations in more stable environments were not less variable nor clearly more strongly density dependent than populations in highly variable environments. Also, contrary to expectations, populations of diving ducks were neither more stable nor stronger density dependent than populations of dabbling ducks, and the effect of environmental variability on population dynamics was greater in diving than in dabbling ducks. In general, irrespective of continent and species life history, environmental variability contributed more to variation in species abundances than did density. Our findings underscore the need for more studies on populations of the same species in different environments to verify the generality of current explanations about population dynamics and its association with species life history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2413","usgsCitation":"Poysa, H., Rintala, J., Johnson, D.H., Kauppinen, J., Lammi, E., Nudds, T.D., and Vaananen, V., 2016, Environmental variability and population dynamics: Do European and North American ducks play by the same rules?: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 19, p. 7004-7014, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2413.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"7004","endPage":"7014","ipdsId":"IP-078795","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2413","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760114e4b04eac8e0746d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poysa, Hannu","contributorId":178160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poysa","given":"Hannu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rintala, Jukka","contributorId":178161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rintala","given":"Jukka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauppinen, Jukka","contributorId":178162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kauppinen","given":"Jukka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lammi, Esa","contributorId":178163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lammi","given":"Esa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nudds, Thomas D.","contributorId":178164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nudds","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vaananen, Veli-Matti","contributorId":178165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaananen","given":"Veli-Matti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179208,"text":"70179208 - 2016 - Aging and sexing guide to the forest birds of Hawai‘i Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:31:12","indexId":"70179208","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-079","title":"Aging and sexing guide to the forest birds of Hawai‘i Island","docAbstract":"We banded birds in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge from 2012 to 2016, collecting photographs of birds and making detailed observations on coloration, morphology, and molting patterns. While we believe the criteria in this guide are applicable to forest birds across Hawai’i Island, as well as on other Hawaiian islands for ‘Apapane, ‘I‘iwi, and Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi, certain characteristics such as morphometrics may vary across populations, and users should verify the guide’s criteria with other available field data.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E., McLaughlin, R., Levins, S., VanderWerf, E., and Lancaster, N., 2016, Aging and sexing guide to the forest birds of Hawai‘i Island: Technical Report HCSU-079, iii, 73 p.","productDescription":"iii, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"77","ipdsId":"IP-079985","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332437,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dspace.lib.hawaii.edu/handle/10790/2928"},{"id":333109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a48ae4b04df303d95802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, Rachelle","contributorId":177619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Rachelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levins, Stephanie","contributorId":177617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levins","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanderWerf, Eric","contributorId":150183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderWerf","given":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":17933,"text":"Pacific Rim Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lancaster, Nolan","contributorId":177618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lancaster","given":"Nolan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187362,"text":"70187362 - 2016 - Spatially explicit models of full-season productivity and implications for landscape management of Golden-winged Warblers in the western Great Lakes Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T20:11:21.12311","indexId":"70187362","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5103,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","printIssn":"0197-9922","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"9","title":"Spatially explicit models of full-season productivity and implications for landscape management of Golden-winged Warblers in the western Great Lakes Region","docAbstract":"The relationship between landscape structure and composition and full-season productivity (FSP) is poorly understood for most birds. For species of high conservation concern, insight into how productivity is related to landscape structure and composition can be used to develop more effective conservation strategies that increase recruitment. We monitored nest productivity and fledgling survival of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera), a species of high conservation concern, in managed forest landscapes at two sites in northern Minnesota, and one site in southeastern Manitoba, Canada from 2010 to 2012. We used logistic exposure models to identify the influence of landscape structure and composition on nest productivity and fledgling survival. We used the models to predict spatially explicit, FSP across our study sites to identify areas of low relative productivity that could be targeted for management. We then used our models of spatially explicit, FSP to simulate the impact of potential management actions on our study sites with the goal of increasing total population productivity. Unlike previous studies that suggested wetland cover types provide higher quality breeding habitat for Golden-winged Warblers, our models predicted 14% greater productivity in upland cover types. Simulated succession of a 9-ha grassland patch to a shrubby upland suitable for nesting increased the total number of fledglings produced by that patch and adjacent upland shrublands by 30%, despite decreasing individual productivity by 13%. Further simulated succession of the same patch described above into deciduous forest reduced the total number of fledglings produced to independence on a landscape by 18% because of a decrease in the area available for nesting. Simulated reduction in the cumulative length of shrubby edge within a 50-m radius of any location in our landscapes from 0.6 to 0.3 km increased FSP by 5%. Our models demonstrated that the effects of any single management action depended on the context of the surrounding landscape. We conclude that spatially explicit, FSP models that incorporate data from both the nesting and postfledging periods are useful for informing breeding habitat management plans for Golden-winged Warblers and that similar models can benefit management planning for
many other species of conservation concern.
Spot-mapping, or recording locations of observed use by territorial songbirds, is often used to delineate core breeding territories. However, a recent radiotelemetry study in Minnesota found that male Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) occurring in high-density populations used resources outside their spot-mapped territories. We compared differences in space use and quantified vegetation characteristics in territories and home ranges of individual male Golden-winged Warblers that we monitored using both spot-mapping and radiotelemetry. Our study sites in Pennsylvania and West Virginia had lower population density than in Minnesota. We recorded 524 telemetry locations among 12 male Golden-winged Warblers in Pennsylvania and 488 telemetry locations among seven males in West Virginia. Telemetry-delineated home ranges (100% and 50% minimum convex polygons [MCPs]) were two to four times larger than spot-mapped territories. Spot-mapped territories had minimal overlap among individual males, but home ranges had extensive space-use overlap in both the number and amount of MCP overlap among several males. Forty percent of telemetry locations were outside of spot-mapped territories. Sapling abundance was greater in home ranges (mean 22.5 saplings ± 2.1 SE) than spot-mapped territories in Pennsylvania (11.8 ± 1.9). In managed pastures of West Virginia, tree abundance was greater in home ranges (7.3 trees ± 0.8) than spot-mapped territories (1.9 ± 0.6). More telemetry locations than spot-mapped locations occurred in forest in both states, and telemetry locations were closer to intact forested edges of shrublands than spot-mapped locations in West Virginia. On several occasions, we observed radiomarked individuals >200 m (maximum of 1.5 km) from their MCP spot-mapped territory boundaries. Why Golden-winged Warblers leave their spot-mapped territories is unknown, but our observations suggest foraging, forays for extra-pair mating, and reconnaissance for postbreeding movements as possible motives. Our results from areas with low Golden-winged Warbler territory densities are similar to patterns reported for a high-density population in Minnesota. Ultimately, spot-mapping alone does not accurately reflect space use of Golden-winged Warblers during the breeding season, nor does it characterize all cover types used even in areas with relatively low territory densities. Current conservation plans for Golden-winged Warblers that are based on habitat characteristics measured within spot-mapped territories or at the landscape scale may not adequately incorporate space use at intermediate spatial scales of clusters of territories or home ranges.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Golden-winged Warbler ecology, conservation, and habitat management (Studies in Avian Biology, volume 49)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"978-1-4822-4068-9","usgsCitation":"Frantz, M.W., Aldinger, K.R., Wood, P., Duchamp, J., Nuttle, T., Vitz, A., and Larkin, J.L., 2016, Space and habitat use by breeding Golden-winged Warblers in the central Appalachian Mountains, chap. 5 of Golden-winged Warbler ecology, conservation, and habitat management (Studies in Avian Biology, volume 49): Studies in Avian Biology, v. 49, p. 81-94.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-052257","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11299/189700"}],"volume":"49","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084925e4b0fc4e448ffd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frantz, Mack W.","contributorId":191486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frantz","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":34541,"text":"West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. Indiana University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldinger, Kyle R.","contributorId":171892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldinger","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34541,"text":"West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Petra pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":169812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34541,"text":"West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duchamp, Joseph","contributorId":191655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duchamp","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. Indiana University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nuttle, Timothy","contributorId":191656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuttle","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34543,"text":"Civil and Environmental Consultants, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vitz, Andrew","contributorId":191657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vitz","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16900,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larkin, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":169747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larkin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. Indiana University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188149,"text":"70188149 - 2016 - Arctic Research Plan: FY2017-2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-02T12:03:21","indexId":"70188149","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Arctic Research Plan: FY2017-2021","docAbstract":"The United States is an Arctic nation—Americans depend on the Arctic for biodiversity and climate regulation and for natural resources. America’s Arctic—Alaska—is at the forefront of rapid climate, environmental, and socio-economic changes that are testing the resilience and sustainability of communities and ecosystems. Research to increase fundamental understanding of these changes is needed to inform sound, science-based decision- and policy-making and to develop appropriate solutions for Alaska and the Arctic region as a whole.
Created by an Act of Congress in 1984, and since 2010 a subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in the Executive Office of the President, the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) plays a critical role in advancing scientific knowledge and understanding of the changing Arctic and its impacts far beyond the boundaries of the Arctic. Comprising 14 Federal agencies, offices, and departments, IARPC is responsible for the implementation of a 5-year Arctic Research Plan in consultation with the U.S. Arctic Research Commission, the Governor of the State of Alaska, residents of the Arctic, the private sector, and public interest groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Science and Technology Council","usgsCitation":"Starkweather, S., Jeffries, M.O., Stephenson, S., Anderson, R., Jones, B.M., Loehman, R.A., and von Biela, V.R., 2016, Arctic Research Plan: FY2017-2021, vi, 77 p.","productDescription":"vi, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"84","ipdsId":"IP-076185","costCenters":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iarpccollaborations.org/plan/index.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59327925e4b0e9bd0eab550f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starkweather, Sandy","contributorId":192581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starkweather","given":"Sandy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jeffries, Martin O","contributorId":192582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffries","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, Simon","contributorId":192583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Rebecca 0000-0001-6988-6311 rdanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6988-6311","contributorId":5925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Rebecca","email":"rdanderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70189535,"text":"70189535 - 2016 - 2016 update on induced earthquakes in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T11:26:57","indexId":"70189535","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"2016 update on induced earthquakes in the United States","docAbstract":"During the past decade people living in numerous locations across the central U.S. experienced many more small to moderate sized earthquakes than ever before. This earthquake activity began increasing about 2009 and peaked during 2015 and into early 2016. For example, prior to 2009 Oklahoma typically experienced 1 or 2 small earthquakes per year with magnitude greater than 3.0 but by 2015 this number rose to over 900 earthquakes per year of that size and over 30 earthquakes greater than 4.0. These earthquakes can cause damage. In 2011 a magnitude 5.6 earthquake struck near the town of Prague, Oklahoma on a preexisting fault and caused severe damage to several houses and school buildings. During the past 6 years more than 1500 reports of damaging shaking levels were reported in areas of induced seismicity. This rapid increase and the potential for damaging ground shaking from induced earthquakes caused alarm to about 8 million people living nearby and officials responsible for public safety. They wanted to understand why earthquakes were increasing and the potential threats to society and buildings located nearby.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2016 Britannica Book of the Year (A Review of 2015)","language":"English","publisher":"Encyclopedia Britannica","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., 2016, 2016 update on induced earthquakes in the United States, chap. of 2016 Britannica Book of the Year (A Review of 2015).","ipdsId":"IP-077829","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca3e4b0d1f9f0627561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187400,"text":"70187400 - 2016 - Water isotope systematics: Improving our palaeoclimate interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T15:51:05","indexId":"70187400","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water isotope systematics: Improving our palaeoclimate interpretations","docAbstract":"The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, measured in a variety of archives, are widely used proxies in Quaternary Science. Understanding the processes that control δ18O change have long been a focus of research (e.g. Shackleton and Opdyke, 1973; Talbot, 1990 ; Leng, 2006). Both the dynamics of water isotope cycling and the appropriate interpretation of geological water-isotope proxy time series remain subjects of active research and debate. It is clear that achieving a complete understanding of the isotope systematics for any given archive type, and ideally each individual archive, is vital if these palaeo-data are to be used to their full potential, including comparison with climate model experiments of the past. Combining information from modern monitoring and process studies, climate models, and proxy data is crucial for improving our statistical constraints on reconstructions of past climate variability.
As climate models increasingly incorporate stable water isotope physics, this common language should aid quantitative comparisons between proxy data and climate model output. Water-isotope palaeoclimate data provide crucial metrics for validating GCMs, whereas GCMs provide a tool for exploring the climate variability dominating signals in the proxy data. Several of the studies in this set of papers highlight how collaborations between palaeoclimate experimentalists and modelers may serve to expand the usefulness of palaeoclimate data for climate prediction in future work.
This collection of papers follows the session on Water Isotope Systematics held at the 2013 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. Papers in that session, the breadth of which are represented here, discussed such issues as; understanding sub-GNIP scale (Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation, (IAEA/WMO, 2006)) variability in isotopes in precipitation from different regions, detailed examination of the transfer of isotope signals from precipitation to geological archives, and the implications of advances in understanding in these areas for the interpretation of palaeo records and proxy data – climate model comparison.
Here, we briefly review these areas of research, and discuss challenges for the water isotope community in improving our ability to partition climate vs. auxiliary signals in palaeoclimate data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.014","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.D., Dee, S., Anderson, L., Baker, A., Bowen, G., and Noone, D., 2016, Water isotope systematics: Improving our palaeoclimate interpretations: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 131, no. B, p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.014.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","ipdsId":"IP-071594","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.014","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084923e4b0fc4e448ffd44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, M. D.","contributorId":191681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dee, S.","contributorId":191682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dee","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, L.","contributorId":22571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, A.","contributorId":191683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowen, G.","contributorId":191684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noone, D.","contributorId":26916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193757,"text":"70193757 - 2016 - Populations of concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T20:06:48.959782","indexId":"70193757","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"9","title":"Populations of concern","docAbstract":"Climate change is already causing, and is expected to continue to cause, a range of health impacts that vary across different population groups in the United States. The vulnerability of any given group is a function of its sensitivity to climate change related health risks, its exposure to those risks, and its capacity for responding to or coping with climate variability and change. Vulnerable groups of people, described here as populations of concern, include those with low income, some communities of color, immigrant groups (including those with limited English proficiency), Indigenous peoples, children and pregnant women, older adults, vulnerable occupational groups, persons with disabilities, and persons with preexisting or chronic medical conditions. Planners and public health officials, politicians and physicians, scientists and social service providers are tasked with understanding and responding to the health impacts of climate change. Collectively, their characterization of vulnerability should consider how populations of concern experience disproportionate, multiple, and complex risks to their health and well-being in response to climate change.
Some groups face a number of stressors related to both climate and non-climate factors. For example, people living in impoverished urban or isolated rural areas, floodplains, coastlines, and other at-risk locations are more vulnerable not only to extreme weather and persistent climate change but also to social and economic stressors. Many of these stressors can occur simultaneously or consecutively. Over time, this “accumulation” of multiple, complex stressors is expected to become more evident1 as climate impacts interact with stressors associated with existing mental and physical health conditions and with other socioeconomic and demographic factors.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The impacts of climate change on human health in the Untited States: A scientific assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/J0Q81B0T","usgsCitation":"Gamble, J., Balbus, J., Berger, M., Bouye, K., Campbell, V., Chief, K., Conlon, K., Crimmins, A., Flanagan, B., Gonzalez-Maddux, C., Hallisey, E., Hutchins, S., Jantarasami, L., Khoury, S., Kiefer, M., Kolling, J., Lynn, K., Manangan, A., McDonald, M., Morello-Frosch, R., Hiza, M., Sheffield, P., Thigpen Tart, K., Watson, J., Whyte, K., and Wolkin, A., 2016, Populations of concern, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/J0Q81B0T.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-061937","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science 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K.P.","contributorId":199888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whyte","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wolkin, A.F.","contributorId":199889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolkin","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70180015,"text":"70180015 - 2016 - A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:03:10","indexId":"70180015","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey","docAbstract":"Carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in CO2 transport, acid-base and ion regulation and metabolic processes in vertebrates. While several carbonic anhydrase isoforms have been identified in numerous vertebrate species, basal lineages such as the cyclostomes have remained largely unexamined. Here we investigate the repertoire of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), that has a complex life history marked by a dramatic metamorphosis from a benthic filter-feeding ammocoete larvae into a parasitic juvenile which migrates from freshwater to seawater. We have identified a novel carbonic anhydrase gene (ca19) beyond the single carbonic anhydrase gene (ca18) that was known previously. Phylogenetic analysis and synteny studies suggest that both carbonic anhydrase genes form one or two independent gene lineages and are most likely duplicates retained uniquely in cyclostomes. Quantitative PCR of ca19 and ca18 and protein expression in gill across metamorphosis show that the ca19 levels are highest in ammocoetes and decrease during metamorphosis while ca18 shows the opposite pattern with the highest levels in post-metamorphic juveniles. We propose that a unique molecular switch occurs during lamprey metamorphosis resulting in distinct gill carbonic anhydrases reflecting the contrasting life modes and habitats of these life-history stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep33954","usgsCitation":"Ferreira-Martins, D., McCormick, S.D., Campos, A., Lopes-Marques, M., Osorio, H., Coimbra, J., Castro, L., and Wilson, J.M., 2016, A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey: Scientific Reports, v. 6, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33954.","productDescription":"Article 33954; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-068593","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33954","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58863a11e4b0cad700058b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferreira-Martins, D.","contributorId":178547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferreira-Martins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campos, A.","contributorId":178549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campos","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopes-Marques, M.","contributorId":178550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes-Marques","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osorio, H.","contributorId":178551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coimbra, J.","contributorId":178552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coimbra","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Castro, L.F.C.","contributorId":178553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"L.F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, Jonthan M","contributorId":178548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jonthan","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70180048,"text":"70180048 - 2016 - Alternative source models of very low frequency events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T15:00:01","indexId":"70180048","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative source models of very low frequency events","docAbstract":"We present alternative source models for very low frequency (VLF) events, previously inferred to be radiation from individual slow earthquakes that partly fill the period range between slow slip events lasting thousands of seconds and low-frequency earthquakes (LFE) with durations of tenths of a second. We show that VLF events may emerge from bandpass filtering a sum of clustered, shorter duration, LFE signals, believed to be the components of tectonic tremor. Most published studies show VLF events occurring concurrently with tremor bursts and LFE signals. Our analysis of continuous data from Costa Rica detected VLF events only when tremor was also occurring, which was only 7% of the total time examined. Using analytic and synthetic models, we show that a cluster of LFE signals produces the distinguishing characteristics of VLF events, which may be determined by the cluster envelope. The envelope may be diagnostic of a single, dynamic, slowly slipping event that propagates coherently over kilometers or represents a narrowly band-passed version of nearly simultaneous arrivals of radiation from slip on multiple higher stress drop and/or faster propagating slip patches with dimensions of tens of meters (i.e., LFE sources). Temporally clustered LFE sources may be triggered by single or multiple distinct aseismic slip events or represent the nearly simultaneous chance occurrence of background LFEs. Given the nonuniqueness in possible source durations, we suggest it is premature to draw conclusions about VLF event sources or how they scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013001","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J.S., Agnew, D., and Schwartz, S., 2016, Alternative source models of very low frequency events: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 9, p. 6722-6740, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"6722","endPage":"6740","ipdsId":"IP-073332","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5t24b5fb","text":"External Repository"},{"id":333747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58872486e4b08aa8f945abc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, S.Y.","contributorId":35342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180370,"text":"70180370 - 2016 - Protecting national parks from air pollution effects: Making sausage from science and policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:27:20","indexId":"70180370","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Protecting national parks from air pollution effects: Making sausage from science and policy","docAbstract":"The story of air pollution research, policy development, and management in national parks is a fascinating blend of cultural change, vision, interdisciplinary and interagency collaboration, and science-policy-management-stakeholder collaborations. Unable to ignore the loss of iconic vistas from regional haze and loss of fish from acid rain in the 1980s, the National Park Service (NPS) embraced an obligation to protect resources from threats originating outside park boundaries. Upholding the Organic Act requirement for parks to remain \"unimpaired\" for the enjoyment of future generations, and using the Clean Air Act statement that NPS has an “affirmative responsibility” to protect park resources, NPS has supported, and effectively used, research as a means to protect lands, waters, and vistas from a mostly unseen threat. Using visibility and atmospheric nitrogen deposition as examples, we will illustrate some success stories where NPS led the way to benefit not only parks, but the Nation.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Blett, T., Malm, W.C., Alexander, R., and Doremus, H., 2016, Protecting national parks from air pollution effects: Making sausage from science and policy, p. 151-169.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"169","ipdsId":"IP-065116","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo25126049.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0a8e4b072a7ac1298f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":174080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blett, Tamara","contributorId":178864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blett","given":"Tamara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malm, William C.","contributorId":178865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malm","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Ruth","contributorId":178866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doremus, Holly","contributorId":179009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doremus","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180630,"text":"70180630 - 2016 - Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Pacific Northwest salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:30:40","indexId":"70180630","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1988,"text":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Pacific Northwest salmonids","docAbstract":"The aquatic rhaboviral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes acute disease in juvenile fish of a number of populations of Pacific salmonid species. Heavily managed in both marine and freshwater environments, these fish species are cultured during the juvenile stage in freshwater conservation hatcheries, where IHNV is one of the top three infectious diseases that cause serious morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a comprehensive study of viral genetic surveillance data representing 2590 field isolates collected between 1958 and 2014 was conducted to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of IHNV in the Pacific Northwest of the contiguous United States. Prevalence of infection varied over time, fluctuating over a rough 5–7 year cycle. The genetic analysis revealed numerous subgroups of IHNV, each of which exhibited spatial heterogeneity. Within all subgroups, dominant genetic types were apparent, though the temporal patterns of emergence of these types varied among subgroups. Finally, the affinity or fidelity of subgroups to specific host species also varied, where UC subgroup viruses exhibited a more generalist profile and all other subgroups exhibited a specialist profile. These complex patterns are likely synergistically driven by numerous ecological, pathobiological, and anthropogenic factors. Since only a few anthropogenic factors are candidates for managed intervention aimed at improving the health of threatened or endangered salmonid fish populations, determining the relative impact of these factors is a high priority for future studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","usgsCitation":"Breyta, R., Black, A., Kaufman, J., and Kurath, G., 2016, Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Pacific Northwest salmonids: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 45, p. 347-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-074419","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0a8e4b072a7ac1298ef","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Breyta Rachel, Black Allison, Kaufman John, Kurath Gael","journalName":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","publicationDate":"11/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breyta, Rachel","contributorId":150355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breyta","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Allison","contributorId":147061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16782,"text":"Institute for Public Health Genetics, UW, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaufman, John","contributorId":178964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180631,"text":"70180631 - 2016 - Geography and host species shape the evolutionary dynamics of U genogroup infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T11:05:49","indexId":"70180631","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5051,"text":"Virus Evolution","onlineIssn":"2057-1577","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geography and host species shape the evolutionary dynamics of U genogroup infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a negative-sense RNA virus that infects wild and cultured salmonids throughout the Pacific Coastal United States and Canada, from California to Alaska. Although infection of adult fish is usually asymptomatic, juvenile infections can result in high mortality events that impact salmon hatchery programs and commercial aquaculture. We used epidemiological case data and genetic sequence data from a 303 nt portion of the viral glycoprotein gene to study the evolutionary dynamics of U genogroup IHNV in the Pacific Northwestern United States from 1971 to 2013. We identified 114 unique genotypes among 1,219 U genogroup IHNV isolates representing 619 virus detection events. We found evidence for two previously unidentified, broad subgroups within the U genogroup, which we designated ‘UC’ and ‘UP’. Epidemiologic records indicated that UP viruses were detected more frequently in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and in coastal waters of Washington and Oregon, whereas UC viruses were detected primarily in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Columbia River Basin, which is a large, complex watershed extending throughout much of interior Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. These findings were supported by phylogenetic analysis and by FST. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that early UC viruses in the Columbia River Basin initially infected sockeye salmon but then emerged via host shifts into Chinook salmon and steelhead trout sometime during the 1980s. We postulate that the development of these subgroups within U genogroup was driven by selection pressure for viral adaptation to Chinook salmon and steelhead trout within the Columbia River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/ve/vew034","usgsCitation":"Black, A., Breyta, R., Bedford, T., and Kurath, G., 2016, Geography and host species shape the evolutionary dynamics of U genogroup infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: Virus Evolution, v. 2, no. 2, Article vew034; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vew034.","productDescription":"Article vew034; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074420","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vew034","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, 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