{"pageNumber":"1003","pageRowStart":"25050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":1008240,"text":"1008240 - 2004 - Comparison of AVIRIS and Landsat ETM+ detection capabilities for burn severity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T16:04:15","indexId":"1008240","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of AVIRIS and Landsat ETM+ detection capabilities for burn severity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our study compares data on burn severity collected from multi-temporal Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) with similar data from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) using the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Two AVIRIS and ETM+ data acquisitions recorded surface conditions immediately before the Hoover Fire began to spread rapidly and again the following year. Data were validated with 63 field plots using the Composite Burn Index (CBI). The relationship between spectral channels and burn severity was examined by comparing pre- and post-fire datasets. Based on the high burn severity comparison, AVIRIS channels 47 and 60 at wavelengths of 788 and 913 nm showed the greatest negative response to fire. Post-fire reflectance values decreased the most on average at those wavelengths, while channel 210 at 2370 nm showed the greatest positive response on average. Fire increased reflectance the most at that wavelength over the entire measured spectral range. Furthermore, channel 210 at 2370 nm exhibited the greatest variation in spectral response, suggesting potentially high information content for fire severity. Based on general remote sensing principles and the logic of variable spectral responses to fire, dNBR from both sensors should produce useful results in quantifying burn severity. The results verify the band–response relationships to burn severity as seen with ETM+ data and confirm the relationships by way of a distinctly different sensor system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2003.12.015","usgsCitation":"Van Wagtendonk, J.W., Root, R.R., and Key, C.H., 2004, Comparison of AVIRIS and Landsat ETM+ detection capabilities for burn severity: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 92, no. 3, p. 397-408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.12.015.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"408","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, Ralph R.","contributorId":174937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Root","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, Carl H. carl_key@usgs.gov","contributorId":4138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"Carl","email":"carl_key@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":317121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026398,"text":"70026398 - 2004 - Occurrence of microbial indicators and Clostridium perfringens in wastewater, water column samples, sediments, drinking water, and Weddell seal feces collected at McMurdo Station, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026398","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of microbial indicators and Clostridium perfringens in wastewater, water column samples, sediments, drinking water, and Weddell seal feces collected at McMurdo Station, Antarctica","docAbstract":"McMurdo Station, Antarctica, has discharged untreated sewage into McMurdo Sound for decades. Previous studies delineated the impacted area, which included the drinking water intake, by using total coliform and Clostridium perfringens concentrations. The estimation of risk to humans in contact with the impacted and potable waters may be greater than presumed, as these microbial indicators may not be the most appropriate for this environment. To address these concerns, concentrations of these and additional indicators (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, coliphage, and enteroviruses) in the untreated wastewater, water column, and sediments of the impacted area and drinking water treatment facility and distribution system at McMurdo Station were determined. Fecal samples from Weddell seals in this area were also collected and analyzed for indicators. All drinking water samples were negative for indicators except for a single total coliform-positive sample. Total coliforms were present in water column samples at higher concentrations than other indicators. Fecal coliform and enterococcus concentrations were similar to each other and greater than those of other indicators in sediment samples closer to the discharge site. C. perfringens concentrations were higher in sediments at greater distances from the discharge site. Seal fecal samples contained concentrations of fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, and C. perfringens similar to those found in untreated sewage. All samples were negative for enteroviruses. A wastewater treatment facility at McMurdo Station has started operation, and these data provide a baseline data set for monitoring the recovery of the impacted area. The contribution of seal feces to indicator concentrations in this area should be considered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.12.7269-7276.2004","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J., Smith, J., Edwards, D., and McFeters, G., 2004, Occurrence of microbial indicators and Clostridium perfringens in wastewater, water column samples, sediments, drinking water, and Weddell seal feces collected at McMurdo Station, Antarctica: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 12, p. 7269-7276, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.12.7269-7276.2004.","startPage":"7269","endPage":"7276","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478302,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/535152","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208446,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.12.7269-7276.2004"}],"volume":"70","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bf6e4b0c8380cd749b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, J.T. 0000-0002-5447-2092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":16965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, D.D.","contributorId":52980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McFeters, G.A.","contributorId":87178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFeters","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026811,"text":"70026811 - 2004 - Annual layers revealed by GPR in the subsurface of a prograding coastal barrier, southwest Washington, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T11:24:37.286649","indexId":"70026811","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual layers revealed by GPR in the subsurface of a prograding coastal barrier, southwest Washington, U.S.A","docAbstract":"<p>The southwest Washington coastline has experienced extremely high rates of progradation during the late Holocene. Subsurface stratigraphy, preserved because of progradation and interpreted using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), has previously been used successfully to document coastal response to prehistoric storm and earthquake events. New GPR data collected at Ocean Shores, Washington, suggest that the historic stratigraphy of the coastal barrier in this area represents a higher resolution record of coastal behavior than previously thought. GPR records for this location at 200 MHz reveal a series of gently sloping, seaward-dipping reflections with slopes similar to the modern beach and spacings on the order of 20-45 cm. Field evidence and model results suggest that thin (1-10 cm), possibly magnetite-rich, heavy-mineral lags or low-porosity layers left by winter storms and separated by thick (20-40 cm) summer progradational sequences are responsible for generating the GPR reflections. These results indicate that a record of annual progradation is preserved in the subsurface of the prograding barrier and can be quantified using GPR. Such records of annual coastal behavior, where available, will be invaluable in understanding past coastal response to climatic and tectonic forcing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/021604740690","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., Jol, H., Kruse, S., Vanderburgh, S., and Kaminsky, G.M., 2004, Annual layers revealed by GPR in the subsurface of a prograding coastal barrier, southwest Washington, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 74, no. 5, p. 690-696, https://doi.org/10.1306/021604740690.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"690","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":158,"text":"Center for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.23339843749999,\n              46.5286346952717\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1787109375,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              45.521743896993634\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              45.521743896993634\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1904296875,\n              45.67548217560647\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1904296875,\n              47.21956811231547\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1455078125,\n              47.21956811231547\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.23339843749999,\n              46.5286346952717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec28e4b0c8380cd490db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, L. J.","contributorId":53132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jol, H.M.","contributorId":77717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jol","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kruse, S.","contributorId":33103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanderburgh, S.","contributorId":25733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderburgh","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaminsky, G. M.","contributorId":50586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026567,"text":"70026567 - 2004 - Seismic hazard maps of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026567","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard maps of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America","docAbstract":"The growth of megacities in seismically active regions around the world often includes the construction of seismically unsafe buildings and infrastructures due to an insufficient knowledge of existing seismic hazard and/or economic constraints. Minimization of the loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption due to earthquakes depends on reliable estimates of seismic hazard. We have produced a suite of seismic hazard estimates for Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. One of the preliminary maps in this suite served as the basis for the Caribbean and Central and South America portion of the Global Seismic Hazard Map (GSHM) published in 1999, which depicted peak ground acceleration (pga) with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years for rock sites. Herein we present maps depicting pga and 0.2 and 1.0 s spectral accelerations (SA) with 50%, 10%, and 2% chances of exceedance in 50 years for rock sites. The seismicity catalog used in the generation of these maps adds 3 more years of data to those used to calculate the GSH Map. Different attenuation functions (consistent with those used to calculate the U.S. and Canadian maps) were used as well. These nine maps are designed to assist in global risk mitigation by providing a general seismic hazard framework and serving as a resource for any national or regional agency to help focus further detailed studies required for regional/local needs. The largest seismic hazard values in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America generally occur in areas that have been, or are likely to be, the sites of the largest plate boundary earthquakes. High hazard values occur in areas where shallow-to-intermediate seismicity occurs frequently. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.033","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Tanner, J., and Shedlock, K.M., 2004, Seismic hazard maps of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America: Tectonophysics, v. 390, no. 1-4, p. 159-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.033.","startPage":"159","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.033"},{"id":234093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"390","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b1ce4b08c986b3175da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, J.G.","contributorId":28030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, K. M.","contributorId":72805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026885,"text":"70026885 - 2004 - Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026885","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo volcano","docAbstract":"The frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes measured by the b-value is mapped in two and three dimensions at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, to a depth of 14 km below the summit. We analyzed 1406 well-located earthquakes with magnitudes MD ???0.73, recorded from late June through August 1991, using the maximum likelihood method. We found that b-values are higher than normal (b = 1.0) and range between b = 1.0 and b = 1.8. The computed b-values are lower in the areas adjacent to and west-southwest of the vent, whereas two prominent regions of anomalously high b-values (b ??? 1.7) are resolved, one located 2 km northeast of the vent between 0 and 4 km depth and a second located 5 km southeast of the vent below 8 km depth. The statistical differences between selected regions of low and high b-values are established at the 99% confidence level. The high b-value anomalies are spatially well correlated with low-velocity anomalies derived from earlier P-wave travel-time tomography studies. Our dataset was not suitable for analyzing changes in b-values as a function of time. We infer that the high b-value anomalies around Mount Pinatubo are regions of increased crack density, and/or high pore pressure, related to the presence of nearby magma bodies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120020244","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, J., McNutt, S., Power, J., and Wyss, M., 2004, Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo volcano: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 430-438, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020244.","startPage":"430","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120020244"},{"id":235150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94bfe4b08c986b31ac25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, J.J.","contributorId":39168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027465,"text":"70027465 - 2004 - Phylogenetic evidence for an ancient rapid radiation of Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Synalpheus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027465","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogenetic evidence for an ancient rapid radiation of Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Synalpheus)","docAbstract":"A common challenge in reconstructing phylogenies involves a high frequency of short internal branches, which makes basal relationships difficult to resolve. Often it is not clear whether this pattern results from insufficient or inappropriate data, versus from a rapid evolutionary radiation. The snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus, which contains in excess of 100 species and is a prominent component of coral-reef faunas worldwide, provides an example. Its taxonomy has long been problematic due to the subtlety of diagnostic characters and apparently widespread variability within species. Here we use partial mt COI and 16S rRNA sequences and morphological characters to reconstruct relationships among 31 species in the morphologically well-defined gambarelloides species group, a putative clade of obligate sponge associates that is mostly endemic to the Caribbean and contains the only known eusocial marine animals. Analysis of the combined data produced a single tree with good support for many terminal clades and for relationships with outgroups, but poor support for branches near the base of the gambarelloides group. Most basal branches are extremely short and terminal branches are long, suggesting a relatively ancient, but rapid radiation of the gambarelloides group. This hypothesis is supported by significant departure from a null model of temporally random cladogenesis. Calibration of divergence times among gambarelloides-group species using data from three geminate pairs of Synalpheus species separated by the isthmus of Panama suggests a major radiation between ???5 and 7 Mya, a few My before final closure of the Panamanian seaway during a period of spreading carbonate environments in the Caribbean; a second, smaller radiation occurred ???4 Mya. This molecular evidence for a rapid radiation among Caribbean marine organisms in the late Miocene/early Pliocene is strikingly similar to patterns documented from fossil data for several other Caribbean reef-associated invertebrate taxa. The similar patterns and timing of cladogenesis evidenced by molecular and fossil data for different Caribbean and East Pacific taxa suggests that the radiation involved a wide range of organisms, and strengthens the case that poor basal resolution in the gambarelloides group of Synalpheus reflects a real evolutionary phenomenon. The rapid radiation also helps explain the historical difficulty of diagnosing species in Synalpheus. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00252-5","issn":"10557903","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., Rios, R., and Duffy, J., 2004, Phylogenetic evidence for an ancient rapid radiation of Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Synalpheus): Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 30, no. 3, p. 563-581, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00252-5.","startPage":"563","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00252-5"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a4fe4b0c8380cd78e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, C.L. 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":72915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"C.L.","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rios, R.","contributorId":42419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rios","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, J.E.","contributorId":36743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027499,"text":"70027499 - 2004 - Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:13:03.200093","indexId":"70027499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present","docAbstract":"<p>It is commonly believed that fine-textured soils developed on carbonate parent material are well buffered from possible acidification. There are no data, however, that document resistance of such soils to acidic deposition exposure on a timescale longer than 30-40 years. In this paper, we report on directly testing the long-term buffering capacity of nineteenth century forest soils developed on calcareous silt loam. In a chemical analysis comparing archived soils with modern soils collected from the same locations <span>∼100</span> years later, we found varying degrees of forest-soil acidification in the taiga and forest steppe regions. Land-use history, increases in precipitation, and acidic deposition were contributing factors in acidification. The acidification of forest soil was documented through decreases in soil pH and changes in concentrations of exchangeable calcium and aluminum, which corresponded with changes in communities of soil microfauna. Although acidification was found at all three analyzed locations, the trends in soil chemistry were most pronounced where the highest loading of acidic deposition had taken place.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GB002107","usgsCitation":"Lapenis, A., Lawrence, G., Andreev, A., Bobrov, A., Torn, M., and Harden, J., 2004, Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 18, no. 1, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002107.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002107","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              28.828124999999996,\n              69.53451763078358\n            ],\n            [\n              28.476562500000004,\n              63.860035895395306\n            ],\n            [\n              24.960937500000004,\n              57.136239319177434\n            ],\n            [\n              36.21093750000001,\n              48.69096039092554\n            ],\n            [\n              45.703125,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              51.328125,\n              50.28933925329178\n            ],\n            [\n              70.6640625,\n              53.54030739150022\n            ],\n            [\n              113.203125,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              123.04687499999999,\n              53.12040528310657\n            ],\n            [\n              134.6484375,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              146.95312499999997,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              159.2578125,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              192.65625,\n              66.51326044311185\n            ],\n            [\n              146.95312499999997,\n              76.26869465080624\n            ],\n            [\n              104.0625,\n              77.61770905279676\n            ],\n            [\n              56.25,\n              75.84516854027044\n            ],\n            [\n              28.828124999999996,\n              69.53451763078358\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e699e4b0c8380cd47515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapenis, A.G.","contributorId":85701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreev, A.A.","contributorId":102229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreev","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bobrov, A.A.","contributorId":58454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobrov","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torn, M.S.","contributorId":35051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torn","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026671,"text":"70026671 - 2004 - Application of deterministic deconvolution of ground-penetrating radar data in a study of carbonate strata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026671","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of deterministic deconvolution of ground-penetrating radar data in a study of carbonate strata","docAbstract":"We successfully applied deterministic deconvolution to real ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data by using the source wavelet that was generated in and transmitted through air as the operator. The GPR data were collected with 400-MHz antennas on a bench adjacent to a cleanly exposed quarry face. The quarry site is characterized by horizontally bedded carbonate strata with shale partings. In order to provide groundtruth for this deconvolution approach, 23 conductive rods were drilled into the quarry face at key locations. The steel rods provided critical information for: (1) correlation between reflections on GPR data and geologic features exposed in the quarry face, (2) GPR resolution limits, (3) accuracy of velocities calculated from common midpoint data and (4) identifying any multiples. Comparing the results of deconvolved data with non-deconvolved data demonstrates the effectiveness of deterministic deconvolution in low dielectric-loss media for increased accuracy of velocity models (improved at least 10-15% in our study after deterministic deconvolution), increased vertical and horizontal resolution of specific geologic features and more accurate representation of geologic features as confirmed from detailed study of the adjacent quarry wall. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.07.003","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Franseen, E.K., Miller, R., and Weis, T., 2004, Application of deterministic deconvolution of ground-penetrating radar data in a study of carbonate strata: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 56, no. 3, p. 213-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.07.003.","startPage":"213","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208300,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.07.003"},{"id":233953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec99e4b0c8380cd4938c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weis, T.V.","contributorId":9432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027490,"text":"70027490 - 2004 - High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T12:53:29","indexId":"70027490","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Siderite-bearing pedogenic horizons of the Nanushuk Formation of the North Slope, Alaska, provide a critical high paleolatitude oxygen isotopic proxy record of paleoprecipitation, supplying important empirical data needed for paleoclimatic reconstructions and models of \"greenhouse-world\" precipitation rates. Siderite ??18O values were determined from four paleosol horizons in the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPR-A) Grandstand # 1 Core, and the values range between -17.6??? and -14.3??? Peedee belemnite (PDB) with standard deviations generally less than 0.6??? within individual horizons. The ??13C values are much more variable, ranging from -4.6??? to +10.8??? PDB. A covariant ??18O versus ??13C trend in one horizon probably resulted from mixing between modified marine and meteoric phreatic fluids during siderite precipitation. Groundwater values calculated from siderite oxygen isotopic values and paleobotanical temperature estimates range from -23.0??? to -19.5??? standard mean ocean water (SMOW). Minor element analyses show that the siderites are impure, having enrichments in Ca, Mg, Mn, and Sr. Minor element substitutions and Mg/Fe and Mg/ (Ca + Mg) ratios also suggest the influence of marine fluids upon siderite precipitation. The pedogenic horizons are characterized by gleyed colors, rare root traces, abundant siderite, abundant organic matter, rare clay and silty clay coatings and infillings, some preservation of primary sedimentary stratification, and a lack of ferruginous oxides and mottles. The pedogenic features suggest that these were poorly drained, reducing, hydromorphic soils that developed in coal-bearing delta plain facies and are similar to modern Inceptisols. Model-derived estimates of precipitation rates for the Late Albian of the North Slope, Alaska (485-626 mm/yr), are consistent with precipitation rates necessary to maintain modern peat-forming environments. This information reinforces the mutual consistency between empirical paleotemperature estimates and isotope mass balance models of the hydrologic cycle and can be used in future global circulation modeling (GCM) experiments of \"greenhouse-world\" climates to constrain high latitude precipitation rates in simulations of ancient worlds with decreased equator-to-pole temperature gradients. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25289.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Ludvigson, G.A., Gonzalez, L.A., Brenner, R.L., and Witzke, B.J., 2004, High latitude meteoric δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions: Paleosol siderite in the Middle Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation, North Slope, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 3-4, p. 463-473, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25289.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"473","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211219,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25289.1"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30bee4b0c8380cd5d8e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK  99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witzke, Brian J.","contributorId":40347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026546,"text":"70026546 - 2004 - Visual enhancement of unmixed multispectral imagery using adaptive smoothing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026546","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Visual enhancement of unmixed multispectral imagery using adaptive smoothing","docAbstract":"Adaptive smoothing (AS) has been previously proposed as a method to smooth uniform regions of an image, retain contrast edges, and enhance edge boundaries. The method is an implementation of the anisotropic diffusion process which results in a gray scale image. This paper discusses modifications to the AS method for application to multi-band data which results in a color segmented image. The process was used to visually enhance the three most distinct abundance fraction images produced by the Lagrange constraint neural network learning-based unmixing of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus multispectral sensor data. A mutual information-based method was applied to select the three most distinct fraction images for subsequent visualization as a red, green, and blue composite. A reported image restoration technique (partial restoration) was applied to the multispectral data to reduce unmixing error, although evaluation of the performance of this technique was beyond the scope of this paper. The modified smoothing process resulted in a color segmented image with homogeneous regions separated by sharpened, coregistered multiband edges. There was improved class separation with the segmented image, which has importance to subsequent operations involving data classification.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Visual Information Processing XIII","conferenceDate":"15 April 2004 through 16 April 2004","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.543109","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G., 2004, Visual enhancement of unmixed multispectral imagery using adaptive smoothing, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5438, Orlando, FL, 15 April 2004 through 16 April 2004, p. 252-262, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.543109.","startPage":"252","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.543109"},{"id":234273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5438","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc293e4b08c986b32ac1d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rahman, Z.-U.","contributorId":112042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"Z.-U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schowengerdt, R.A.","contributorId":83707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schowengerdt","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenbach, S.E.","contributorId":113015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenbach","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, G.P.","contributorId":106927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"G.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026419,"text":"70026419 - 2004 - DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T16:42:15.509265","indexId":"70026419","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry","docAbstract":"In this study we generated a relative Digital Elevation Model (DEM) over the Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using ERS1/2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry data. Four repeat pass differential interferograms are used to find the grounding zone and to classify the study area. An interferometrically derived DEM is compared with laser altimetry profile from ICESat. Standard deviation of the relative height difference is 5.12 m and 1.34 m in total length of the profile and at the center of the profile respectively. The magnitude and the direction of tidal changes estimated from interferogram are compared with those predicted tidal differences from four ocean tide models. Tidal deformation measured in InSAR is -16.7 cm and it agrees well within 3 cm with predicted ones from tide models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the Institute of Navigation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"60th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation","conferenceDate":"Jun 7-9, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Dayton, OH","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Navigation","usgsCitation":"Baek, S., Kwoun, O., Bassler, M., Lu, Z., Shum, C., and Dietrich, R., 2004, DEM generation and tidal deformation detection for Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica using SAR interferometry, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the Institute of Navigation, Dayton, OH, Jun 7-9, 2004, p. 424-430.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ion.org/publications/browse.cfm?proceedingsID=3"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Sulzberger Ice Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.094970703125,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.094970703125,\n              -76.92309950187344\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -76.92309950187344\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.105224609375,\n              -77.65299700291865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd3fe4b0c8380cd4e6fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, S.","contributorId":39557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassler, M.","contributorId":71736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dietrich, R.","contributorId":28412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027083,"text":"70027083 - 2004 - Delineation of a collapse feature in a noisy environment using a multichannel surface wave technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70027083","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1825,"text":"Geotechnique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineation of a collapse feature in a noisy environment using a multichannel surface wave technique","docAbstract":"A collapse developed at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Maryland, in early 2001. The location of the collapse was over a groundwater drainage system pipe buried at an elevation of +0??9 m (reference is to Chesapeake Bay level). The cause of the collapse was a subsurface drain pipe that collapsed because of saltwater corrosion of the corrugated metal pipe. The inflow/outflow of sea water and groundwater flow caused soil to be removed from the area where the pipe collapsed. To prevent damage to nearby structures, the collapse was quickly filled with uncompacted sand and gravel (???36000 kg). However, the plant had an immediate need to determine whether more underground voids existed. A high-frequency multichannel surface-wave survey technique was conducted to define the zone affected by the collapse. Although the surface-wave survey at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant was conducted at a noise level 50-100 times higher than the normal environment for a shallow seismic survey, the shear (S)-wave velocity field calculated from surface-wave data delineated a possible zone affected by the collapse. The S-wave velocity field showed chimney-shaped low-velocity anomalies that were directly related to the collapse. Based on S-wave velocity field maps, a potential zone affected by the collapse was tentatively defined.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1680/geot.54.1.17.36326","issn":"00168505","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Chen, C., Li, P., and Lewis, M., 2004, Delineation of a collapse feature in a noisy environment using a multichannel surface wave technique: Geotechnique, v. 54, no. 1, p. 17-27, https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.54.1.17.36326.","startPage":"17","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209223,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.54.1.17.36326"},{"id":235480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe66e4b0c8380cd4ecff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, P.H.","contributorId":40780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, M.J.","contributorId":98514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003770,"text":"1003770 - 2004 - Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T18:55:51","indexId":"1003770","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a population model to understand the effects of temperature and rainfall on the population dynamics of the southern house mosquito,&nbsp;</span><i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;Say, along an elevational gradient in Hawaii. We use a novel approach to model the effects of temperature on population growth by dynamically incorporating developmental rate into the transition matrix, by using physiological ages of immatures instead of chronological age or stages. We also model the effects of rainfall on survival of immatures as the cumulative number of days below a certain rain threshold. Finally, we incorporate density dependence into the model as competition between immatures within breeding sites. Our model predicts the upper altitudinal distributions of&nbsp;</span><i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;on the Big Island of Hawaii for self-sustaining mosquito and migrating summer sink populations at 1,475 and 1,715 m above sea level, respectively. Our model predicts that mosquitoes at lower elevations can grow under a broader range of rainfall parameters than middle and high elevation populations. Density dependence in conjunction with the seasonal forcing imposed by temperature and rain creates cycles in the dynamics of the population that peak in the summer and early fall. The model provides a reasonable fit to the available data on mosquito abundance for the east side of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The predictions of our model indicate the importance of abiotic conditions on mosquito dynamics and have important implications for the management of diseases transmitted by&nbsp;</span><i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i><span>&nbsp;in Hawaii and elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1157","usgsCitation":"Ahumada, J.A., LaPointe, D., and Samuel, M.D., 2004, Modeling the population dynamics of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culcidae), along an elevational gradient in Hawaii: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1157-1170, https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1157.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1170","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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,{"id":70027055,"text":"70027055 - 2004 - Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70027055","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Hydraulic data collected in a flume fitted with pans of sawgrass were analyzed to determine the vertically averaged drag coefficient as a function of vegetation characteristics. The drag coefficient is required for modeling flow through emergent vegetation at low Reynolds numbers in the Florida Everglades. Parameters of the vegetation, such as the stem population per unit bed area and the average stem/leaf width, were measured for five fixed vegetation layers. The vertically averaged vegetation parameters for each experiment were then computed by weighted average over the submerged portion of the vegetation. Only laminar flow through emergent vegetation was considered, because this is the dominant flow regime of the inland Everglades. A functional form for the vegetation drag coefficient was determined by linear regression of the logarithmic transforms of measured resistance force and Reynolds number. The coefficients of the drag coefficient function were then determined for the Everglades, using extensive flow and vegetation measurements taken in the field. The Everglades data show that the stem spacing and the Reynolds number are important parameters for the determination of vegetation drag coefficient. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., Roig, L., Jenter, H., and Visser, H.M., 2004, Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades: Ecological Engineering, v. 22, no. 4-5, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.05.001"},{"id":235552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03bee4b0c8380cd5062d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J. K.","contributorId":28233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roig, L.C.","contributorId":97687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Visser, H. M.","contributorId":53858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026920,"text":"70026920 - 2004 - Ambient noise levels in the continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T15:43:30","indexId":"70026920","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ambient noise levels in the continental United States","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">We present a new approach to characterize the background seismic noise across the continental United States. Using this approach, power spectral density (PSD) is estimated at broadband seismic stations for frequencies ranging from &sim;0.01 to 16 Hz. We selected a large number of 1-hr waveform segments during a 3-yr period, from 2001 to 2003, from continuous data collected by the U.S. National Seismograph Network and the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS).</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">For each segment of continuous data, the PSD is estimated and smoothed in full-octave averages at 1/8 octave intervals. Powers for each 1/8 period interval were then accumulated in 1-dB power bins. A statistical analysis of power bins yields probability density functions (PDFs) as a function of noise power for each of the octave bands at each station and component. There is no need to account for earthquakes since they map into a background probability level. A comparison of day and night PDFs and an examination of artifacts related to station operation and episodic cultural noise allow us to estimate both the overall station quality and the level of earth noise at each site. Percentage points of the PDFs have been derived to form the basis for noise maps of the contiguous United States at body-wave frequencies.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">The results of our noise analysis are useful for characterizing the performance of existing broadband stations and for detecting operational problems and should be relevant to the future siting of ANSS backbone stations. The noise maps at body-wave frequencies should be useful for estimating the magnitude threshold for the ANSS backbone and regional networks or conversely for optimizing the distribution of regional network stations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/012003001","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D., and Buland, R., 2004, Ambient noise levels in the continental United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 4, p. 1517-1527, 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,{"id":1015166,"text":"1015166 - 2004 - Lake Powell management alternatives and values: CVM estimates of recreation benefits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T13:08:59","indexId":"1015166","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3713,"text":"Water International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Powell management alternatives and values: CVM estimates of recreation benefits","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper presents data analyses based on information gathered from a recreation survey distributed during the spring of 1997 at Lake Powell. Recreation-linked management issues are the foci of the survey and this discussion. Survey responses to contingent valuation method (CVM) queries included in the questionnaire quantify visitor recreation values. The CVM estimates of the benefits provided by potential resource improvements are compared with the costs of the improvements in a benefit-cost analysis. The CVM questions covered three resources management issues including water quality improvement, sport fish harvest enhancement, and archeological site protection and restoration. The estimated benefits are remarkably high relative to the costs and range from $6 to $60 million per year. The dichotomous choice format was used in each of three resource CVM question scenarios. There were two levels of enhancement for each resource. There are, therefore, several consistency requirements—some of them unique to the dichotomous choice format—that the data and benefit estimates must satisfy. These consistency tests are presented in detail in the ensuing analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02508060408691791","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., and Harpman, D., 2004, Lake Powell management alternatives and values: CVM estimates of recreation benefits: Water International, v. 29, no. 3, p. 375-383, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060408691791.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"383","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.72271728515625,\n              36.85325222344018\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.38238525390625,\n              36.85325222344018\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.38238525390625,\n              37.709899354855125\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.72271728515625,\n              37.709899354855125\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.72271728515625,\n              36.85325222344018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b431a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, A. J.","contributorId":11172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harpman, D.A.","contributorId":25526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harpman","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026864,"text":"70026864 - 2004 - A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026864","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation","docAbstract":"Slip histories for the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake are derived rapidly from global teleseismic waveform data. In phases, three models improve matching waveform data and recovery of rupture details. In the first model (Phase I), analogous to an automated solution, a simple fault plane is fixed based on the preliminary Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor mechanism and the epicenter provided by the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters. This model is then updated (Phase II) by implementing a more realistic fault geometry inferred from Digital Elevation Model topography and further (Phase III) by using the calibrated P-wave and SH-wave arrival times derived from modeling of the nearby 2002 M6.7 Nenana Mountain earthquake. These models are used to predict the peak ground velocity and the shaking intensity field in the fault vicinity. The procedure to estimate local strong motion could be automated and used for global real-time earthquake shaking and damage assessment. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778388","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Ji, C., Helmberger, D., and Wald, D., 2004, A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 617-637, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778388.","startPage":"617","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778388"},{"id":235392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f4e4b0c8380cd47059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmberger, D.V.","contributorId":30242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmberger","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008617,"text":"1008617 - 2004 - Use and interpretation of logistic regression in habitat-selection studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:30:57","indexId":"1008617","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use and interpretation of logistic regression in habitat-selection studies","docAbstract":"<p><strong> </strong>&nbsp;Logistic regression is an important tool for wildlife habitat-selection studies, but the method frequently has been misapplied due to an inadequate understanding of the logistic model, its interpretation, and the influence of sampling design. To promote better use of this method, we review its application and interpretation under 3 sampling designs: random, case-control, and use-availability. Logistic regression is appropriate for habitat use-nonuse studies employing random sampling and can be used to directly model the conditional probability of use in such cases. Logistic regression also is appropriate for studies employing case-control sampling designs, but careful attention is required to interpret results correctly. Unless bias can be estimated or probability of use is small for all habitats, results of case-control studies should be interpreted as odds ratios, rather than probability of use or relative probability of use. When data are gathered under a use-availability design, logistic regression can be used to estimate approximate odds ratios if probability of use is small, at least on average. More generally, however, logistic regression is inappropriate for modeling habitat selection in use-availability studies. In particular, using logistic regression to fit the exponential model of Manly et al. (2002:100) does not guarantee maximum-likelihood estimates, valid probabilities, or valid likelihoods. We show that the resource selection function (RSF) commonly used for the exponential model is proportional to a logistic discriminant function. Thus, it may be used to rank habitats with respect to probability of use and to identify important habitat characteristics or their surrogates, but it is not guaranteed to be proportional to probability of use. Other problems associated with the exponential model also are discussed. We describe an alternative model based on Lancaster and Imbens (1996) that offers a method for estimating conditional probability of use in use-availability studies. Although promising, this model fails to converge to a unique solution in some important situations. Further work is needed to obtain a robust method that is broadly applicable to use-availability studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0774:UAIOLR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Keating, K., and Cherry, S., 2004, Use and interpretation of logistic regression in habitat-selection studies: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, p. 774-789, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0774:UAIOLR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"789","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, Kim A.","contributorId":20271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kim A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherry, Steve","contributorId":90450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026878,"text":"70026878 - 2004 - An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:48:12","indexId":"70026878","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1313,"text":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most land cover maps generated from Landsat imagery involve classification of a wide variety of land cover types, whereas some studies may only need spatial information on a single cover type. For example, we required a map of corn in order to estimate exposure to agricultural chemicals for an environmental epidemiology study. Traditional classification techniques, which require the collection and processing of costly ground reference data, were not feasible for our application because of the large number of images to be analyzed. We present a new method that has the potential to automate the classification of corn from Landsat satellite imagery, resulting in a more timely product for applications covering large geographical regions. Our approach uses readily available agricultural areal estimates to enable automation of the classification process resulting in a map identifying land cover as ‘highly likely corn,’ ‘likely corn’ or ‘unlikely corn.’ To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we produced a map consisting of the three corn likelihood classes using a Landsat image in south central Nebraska. Overall classification accuracy of the map was 92.2% when compared to ground reference data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2003.09.001","issn":"01681699","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., Nuckols, J., Ward, M., and Hoffer, R., 2004, An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, v. 43, no. 1, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2003.09.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2003.09.001"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1fe4b0c8380cd48651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuckols, J.R.","contributorId":85385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, M.H.","contributorId":35939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffer, R.M.","contributorId":6861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffer","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026375,"text":"70026375 - 2004 - Assessing land cover performance in Senegal, West Africa using 1-km integrated NDVI and local variance analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:39:56","indexId":"70026375","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing land cover performance in Senegal, West Africa using 1-km integrated NDVI and local variance analysis","docAbstract":"<p>The researchers calculated seasonal integrated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each of 7 years using a time-series of 1-km data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (1992-93, 1995) and SPOT Vegetation (1998-2001) sensors. We used a local variance technique to identify each pixel as normal or either positively or negatively anomalous when compared to its surroundings. We then summarized the number of years that a given pixel was identified as an anomaly. The resulting anomaly maps were analysed using Landsat TM imagery and extensive ground knowledge to assess the results. This technique identified anomalies that can be linked to numerous anthropogenic impacts including agricultural and urban expansion, maintenance of protected areas and increased fallow. Local variance analysis is a reliable method for assessing vegetation degradation resulting from human pressures or increased land productivity from natural resource management practices. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.020","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Budde, M., Tappan, G., Rowland, J., Lewis, J., and Tieszen, L., 2004, Assessing land cover performance in Senegal, West Africa using 1-km integrated NDVI and local variance analysis: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 59, no. 3, p. 481-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.020.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"498","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208597,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.020"}],"country":"Senegal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -17.11669921875,\n              12.232654837013484\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.11669921875,\n              16.678293098288528\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.2939453125,\n              16.678293098288528\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.2939453125,\n              12.232654837013484\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.11669921875,\n              12.232654837013484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd9e4b0c8380cd49a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budde, M.E. 0000-0002-9098-2751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":56837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappan, G. 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":26859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, J.","contributorId":79672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026417,"text":"70026417 - 2004 - Effects of housing density and cage floor space on C57BL/6J mice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026417","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1297,"text":"Comparative Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of housing density and cage floor space on C57BL/6J mice","docAbstract":"The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (the Guide) is widely accepted as the housing standard by most Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. The recommendations are based on best professional judgment rather than experimental data. Current efforts are directed toward replacing these guidelines with data-driven, species-appropriate standards. Our studies were undertaken to determine the optimum housing density for C57BL/6J mice, the most commonly used inbred mouse strain. Four-week-old mice were housed for 8 weeks at four densities (the recommended ???12 in2 [ca. 77.4 cm 2]/mouse down to 5.6 in2 [ca. 36.1 cm2]/mouse) in three cage types with various amounts of floor space. Housing density did not affect a variety of physiologic parameters but did affect certain micro-environmental parameters, although these remained within accepted ranges. A second study was undertaken housing C57BL/6J mice with as little as 3.2 in2/mouse (ca. 20.6 cm2). The major effect was elevated ammonia concentrations that exceeded limits acceptable in the workplace at increased housing densities; however, the nasal passages and eyeballs of the mice remained microscopically normal. On the basis of these results, we conclude that C57BL/6J mice as large as 29 g may be housed with 5.6 in2 of floor space per mouse. This area is approximately half the floor space recommended in the Guide. The role of the Guide is to ensure that laboratory animals are well treated and housed in a species-appropriate manner. Our data suggest that current policies could be altered in order to provide the optimal habitation conditions matched to this species' social needs. Copyright 2004 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Comparative Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15320820","usgsCitation":"Smith, A.L., Mabus, S., Stockwell, J., and Muir, C., 2004, Effects of housing density and cage floor space on C57BL/6J mice: Comparative Medicine, v. 54, no. 6, p. 656-663.","startPage":"656","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0719e4b0c8380cd51562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, A. L.","contributorId":15336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabus, S.L.","contributorId":73380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabus","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muir, C.","contributorId":9818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026663,"text":"70026663 - 2004 - Elevation and stream-size thresholds affect distributions of native and exotic warmwater fishes in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T16:10:26.977484","indexId":"70026663","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation and stream-size thresholds affect distributions of native and exotic warmwater fishes in Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>This study was conducted to assess the influence of elevation and stream width on the occurrence of 28 native and six exotic fish species using data collected (1954-2003) from 1,114 stream reaches in Wyoming. Medians and ranges of elevation and stream width were used to assess how elevation and stream width influenced the occurrence of individual species and to indicate which species had large and small ranges of distribution. Twenty-four species were common at elevations below 1,550 m and 31 species occurred in streams less than 20 m wide. The six exotic species had the potential to overlap all of the native species with regard to both elevation and stream width. In general, species that were collected over a wide range of elevations were also collected over a wide range of stream widths. Red shiner (<i>Cyprinella lutrensis</i>) and river carpsucker (<i>Carpiodes carpio</i>) occurred over the smallest elevation ranges (&lt; 250 m), whereas longnose sucker (<i>Catostomus catostomus</i>) was sampled over the greatest elevation ranges (&gt; 2,500 m). Longnose sucker and white sucker (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>) occurred over the greatest ranges in stream widths (&gt; 90 m), and brook stickleback (<i>Culaea inconstans</i>), black bullhead (<i>Ameiurus melas</i>), and quillback (<i>Carpiodes cyprinus</i>) were found over the lowest ranges in stream widths (&lt; 12 m). The distributions of native and exotic species in streams that transition from the Rocky Mountains to the Great Plains were largely explained by elevation and stream width.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2004.9664536","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Hubert, W., and Rahel, F., 2004, Elevation and stream-size thresholds affect distributions of native and exotic warmwater fishes in Wyoming: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2004.9664536.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":1008248,"text":"1008248 - 2004 - The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T11:28:50","indexId":"1008248","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants","docAbstract":"Spacecraft imagery, especially from the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration's Improved TIROS (Television Infra-Red Observational Satellite) Operational Satellites, permits timely evaluations of snow and ice conditions encountered by arctic nesting geese.  Imagery from the TIROS satellite for 5 wide]y scattered locations in arctic North America was obtained for three 3-day intervals in June 1973 and 1974.  These pictures were used to expand fragmentary habitat data available from ground observations.  Late disappearance of snow and ice may prevent or retard nesting effort and reproductive success.  Our immediate aim is to recognize years of catastrophic or very good production; however, supporting information from ground studies, LANDSAT imagery, analyses of banding data, and studies of age ratios in popu]ations and harvests eventua]]y may permit assessment of relative reproductive success.  Satellite images from both Multi-Spectral Scanner and Very High Resolution Radiomder sensors were first used as management tools for consideration in setting the U.S. and Canadian regulations for the 1975-76 goose hunting season.  Preliminary age ratio data from field observations and harvests substantiated the prediction of good production during the 1975 breeding season.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Merriam, K.E., McGinnis, T.W., and Keeley, J.E., 2004, The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants: Park Science, v. 22, no. 2, p. 32-36, 52.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"36, 52","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/ParkScience/archive/PDF/ParkScience22(2)Fall2004.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, Kyle E.","contributorId":82801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGinnis, Thomas W.","contributorId":87272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026482,"text":"70026482 - 2004 - Temporal and spatial estimates of adult striped bass mortality from telemetry and transmitter return data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026482","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial estimates of adult striped bass mortality from telemetry and transmitter return data","docAbstract":"Estimates of total mortality, fishing mortality, and natural mortality in the fishery for the adult striped bass Morone saxatilis in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, South Carolina-Georgia, were determined from long-term radiotelemetry data and high-reward radio transmitter return data using catch curve analyses. Annual total mortality rates were 0.81 ?? 0.06 (mean ?? SE) for year 1 (July 1999-June 2000) and 0.42 ?? 0.04 for year 2 (July 2000-June 2001). We observed that the force of fishing was much greater than the force of natural death on total mortality in this fishery. Total exploitation of all implanted striped bass over the 2-year study period was 48%. Fishing mortality rates were 0.67 ?? 0.04 for year 1 and 0.33 ?? 0.02 for year 2, and natural mortality rates were 0.14 ?? 0.02 for year 1 and 0.09 ?? 0.02 for year 2. We also identified seasonal increases in total and fishing mortality rates from July to September. Fishing mortality was highest temporally and spatially during late spring and late summer near the tailrace below Richard B. Russell Dam owing to high angling pressure for striped bass while the fish were congregated in summer refugia. Natural mortality occurred only during mid to late summer in the middle section of the reservoir. These deaths were attributed to striped bass's becoming trapped in unsuitable summer habitat in the lower and middle sections of the reservoir. Mean postsurgery growth from 15 harvested study fish at large for a mean of 1.16 ?? 0.81 years was estimated to be 1.71 ?? 0.73 kg/year. Internal implantation of telemetry devices appeared to have no negative effect on long-term growth, health, and survival of adult striped bass and did not bias mortality and survival estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-120.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Young, S., and Isely, J.J., 2004, Temporal and spatial estimates of adult striped bass mortality from telemetry and transmitter return data: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1112-1119, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-120.1.","startPage":"1112","endPage":"1119","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-120.1"},{"id":234410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4efe4b08c986b3206a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013572,"text":"1013572 - 2004 - Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:01:50","indexId":"1013572","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001","docAbstract":"<p><span>Melt onset dates, freeze onset dates, and melt season duration were estimated over Arctic sea ice, 1979–2001, using passive microwave satellite imagery and surface air temperature data. Sea ice melt duration for the entire Northern Hemisphere varied from a 104-day minimum in 1983 and 1996 to a 124-day maximum in 1989. Ranges in melt duration were highest in peripheral seas, numbering 32, 42, 44, and 51 days in the Laptev, Barents-Kara, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas, respectively. In the Arctic Ocean, average melt duration varied from a 75-day minimum in 1987 to a 103-day maximum in 1989. On average, melt onset in annual ice began 10.6 days earlier than perennial ice, and freeze onset in perennial ice commenced 18.4 days earlier than annual ice. Average annual melt dates, freeze dates, and melt durations in annual ice were significantly correlated with seasonal strength of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Following high-index AO winters (January–March), spring melt tended to be earlier and autumn freeze later, leading to longer melt season durations. The largest increases in melt duration were observed in the eastern Siberian Arctic, coincident with cyclonic low pressure and ice motion anomalies associated with high-index AO phases. Following a positive AO shift in 1989, mean annual melt duration increased 2–3 weeks in the northern East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. Decreasing correlations between consecutive-year maps of melt onset in annual ice during 1979–2001 indicated increasing spatial variability and unpredictability in melt distributions from one year to the next. Despite recent declines in the winter AO index, recent melt distributions did not show evidence of reestablishing spatial patterns similar to those observed during the 1979–88 low-index AO period. Recent freeze distributions have become increasingly similar to those observed during 1979–88, suggesting a recurrent spatial pattern of freeze chronology under low-index AO conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0067:DOTASI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., and Platonov, N.G., 2004, Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 1, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0067:DOTASI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0067:dotasi>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a041ae4b0c8380cd507b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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