The International Joint Commission has recently completed a five-year study (2000-2005) to review the operation of structures controlling the flows and levels of the Lake Ontario - St. Lawrence River system. In addition to addressing the multitude of stakeholder interests, the regulation plan review also considers environmental sustainability and integrity of wetlands and various ecosystem components. The present paper outlines the general approach, scientific methodology and applied management considerations of studies quantifying the relationships between hydrology and wetland plant assemblages (% occurrence, surface area) in Lake Ontario and the Upper and Lower St. Lawrence River. Although similar study designs were used across the study region, different methodologies were required that were specifically adapted to suit the important regional differences between the lake and river systems, range in water-level variations, and confounding factors (geomorphic types, exposure, sediment characteristics, downstream gradient of water quality, origin of water masses in the Lower River). Performance indicators (metrics), such as total area of wetland in meadow marsh vegetation type, that link wetland response to water levels will be used to assess the effects of different regulation plans under current and future (climate change) water-supply scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-9086-4","usgsCitation":"Hudon, C., Wilcox, D., and Ingram, J., 2006, Modeling wetland plant community response to assess water-level regulation scenarios in the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River basin: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 113, no. 1-3, p. 303-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9086-4.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2305","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69976f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudon, Christiane","contributorId":80632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudon","given":"Christiane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas","contributorId":72764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingram, Joel","contributorId":65046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030653,"text":"70030653 - 2006 - Estimating hydraulic properties using a moving-model approach and multiple aquifer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030653","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating hydraulic properties using a moving-model approach and multiple aquifer tests","docAbstract":"A new method was developed for characterizing geohydrologic columns that extended >600 m deep at sites with as many as six discrete aquifers. This method was applied at 12 sites within the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Sites typically were equipped with multiple production wells, one for each aquifer and one or more observation wells per aquifer. The average hydraulic properties of the aquifers and confining units within radii of 30 to >300 m were characterized at each site. Aquifers were pumped individually and water levels were monitored in stressed and adjacent aquifers during each pumping event. Drawdowns at a site were interpreted using a radial numerical model that extended from land surface to the base of the geohydrologic column and simulated all pumping events. Conceptually, the radial model moves between stress periods and recenters on the production well during each test. Hydraulic conductivity was assumed homogeneous and isotropic within each aquifer and confining unit. Hydraulic property estimates for all of the aquifers and confining units were consistent and reasonable because results from multiple aquifers and pumping events were analyzed simultaneously. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00109.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Yobbi, D., 2006, Estimating hydraulic properties using a moving-model approach and multiple aquifer tests: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 284-291, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00109.x.","startPage":"284","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00109.x"},{"id":239078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b22e4b0c8380cd525b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yobbi, D.","contributorId":77735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030634,"text":"70030634 - 2006 - Simulation of reactive transport of uranium(VI) in groundwater with variable chemical conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:58:42","indexId":"70030634","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of reactive transport of uranium(VI) in groundwater with variable chemical conditions","docAbstract":"The reactive transport of U(VI) in a shallow alluvial aquifer beneath a former U(VI) mill located near Naturita, CO, was simulated using a surface complexation model (SCM) to describe U(VI) adsorption. The groundwater had variable U(VI) concentrations (0.01–20 μM), variable alkalinity (2.5–18 meq/L), and a nearly constant pH equal to 7.1. U(VI) KDvalues decreased with increasing U(VI) and alkalinity, and these parameters were more important than sediment variability in controlling KD values. Reactive transport simulations were fit to the observed U(VI) and alkalinity by varying the concentration of U(VI) and alkalinity in recharge at the source area. Simulated KD values varied temporally and spatially because of the differential transport of U(VI) and alkalinity and the nonlinearity of U(VI) adsorption. The model also simulated the observed U(VI) tailing, which would not be expected from a constant KD model. The simulated U(VI) concentrations were sensitive to the recharge flux because of the increased flux of U(VI) to the aquifer. The geochemical behavior of U(VI) was most sensitive to the alkalinity and was relatively insensitive to pH.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR003979","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.P., Davis, J., and Naftz, D.L., 2006, Simulation of reactive transport of uranium(VI) in groundwater with variable chemical conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 4, Article W04404; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR003979.","productDescription":"Article W04404; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr003979","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9078e4b08c986b31950d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030621,"text":"70030621 - 2006 - Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030621","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems","docAbstract":"In terrestrial high-latitude regions, observations indicate recent changes in snow cover, permafrost, and soil freeze-thaw transitions due to climate change. These modifications may result in temporal shifts in the growing season and the associated rates of terrestrial productivity. Changes in productivity will influence the ability of these ecosystems to sequester atmospheric CO2. We use the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM), which simulates the soil thermal regime, in addition to terrestrial carbon (C), nitrogen and water dynamics, to explore these issues over the years 1960-2100 in extratropical regions (30-90??N). Our model simulations show decreases in snow cover and permafrost stability from 1960 to 2100. Decreases in snow cover agree well with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite observations collected between the years 1972 and 2000, with Pearson rank correlation coefficients between 0.58 and 0.65. Model analyses also indicate a trend towards an earlier thaw date of frozen soils and the onset of the growing season in the spring by approximately 2-4 days from 1988 to 2000. Between 1988 and 2000, satellite records yield a slightly stronger trend in thaw and the onset of the growing season, averaging between 5 and 8 days earlier. In both, the TEM simulations and satellite records, trends in day of freeze in the autumn are weaker, such that overall increases in growing season length are due primarily to earlier thaw. Although regions with the longest snow cover duration displayed the greatest increase in growing season length, these regions maintained smaller increases in productivity and heterotrophic respiration than those regions with shorter duration of snow cover and less of an increase in growing season length. Concurrent with increases in growing season length, we found a reduction in soil C and increases in vegetation C, with greatest losses of soil C occurring in those areas with more vegetation, but simulations also suggest that this trend could reverse in the future. Our results reveal noteworthy changes in snow, permafrost, growing season length, productivity, and net C uptake, indicating that prediction of terrestrial C dynamics from one decade to the next will require that large-scale models adequately take into account the corresponding changes in soil thermal regimes. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01113.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Euskirchen, E., McGuire, A., Kicklighter, D., Zhuang, Q., Clein, J.S., Dargaville, R., Dye, D., Kimball, J., McDonald, K., Melillo, J.M., Romanovsky, V., and Smith, N., 2006, Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems: Global Change Biology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 731-750, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01113.x.","startPage":"731","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477437,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/909","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01113.x"},{"id":239111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3941e4b0c8380cd6186d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":44737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dargaville, R.J.","contributorId":41992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dargaville","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dye, D.G.","contributorId":14193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kimball, J.S.","contributorId":79141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McDonald, K.C.","contributorId":89718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, N.V.","contributorId":27672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70171135,"text":"70171135 - 2006 - Comprehensive gene expression profiling following DNA vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:42:38","indexId":"70171135","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2777,"text":"Molecular Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comprehensive gene expression profiling following DNA vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"The DNA vaccine based on the glycoprotein gene of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus induces a non-specific anti-viral immune response and long-term specific immunity against IHNV. This study characterized gene expression responses associated with the early anti-viral response. Homozygous rainbow trout were injected intra-muscularly (I.M.) with vector DNA or the IHNV DNA vaccine. Gene expression in muscle tissue (I.M. site) was evaluated using a 16,008 feature salmon cDNA microarray. Eighty different genes were significantly modulated in the vector DNA group while 910 genes were modulated in the IHNV DNA vaccinate group relative to control group. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR was used to examine expression of selected immune genes at the I.M. site and in other secondary tissues. In the localized response (I.M. site), the magnitudes of gene expression changes were much greater in the vaccinate group relative to the vector DNA group for the majority of genes analyzed. At secondary systemic sites (e.g. gill, kidney and spleen), type I IFN-related genes were up-regulated in only the IHNV DNA vaccinated group. The results presented here suggest that the IHNV DNA vaccine induces up-regulation of the type I IFN system across multiple tissues, which is the functional basis of early anti-viral immunity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.molimm.2005.12.005","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M., Nichols, K.M., Winton, J.R., Kurath, G., Thorgaard, G.H., Wheeler, P., Hansen, J.D., Herwig, R.P., and Park, L.K., 2006, Comprehensive gene expression profiling following DNA vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: Molecular Immunology, v. 43, no. 13, p. 2089-2106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2005.12.005.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2106","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6461e4b07e28b66836ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. mpurcell@usgs.gov","contributorId":138685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Krista M.","contributorId":169573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorgaard, Gary H.","contributorId":60512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorgaard","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wheeler, Paul","contributorId":169574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24743,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hansen, John D. 0000-0002-3006-2734 jhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-2734","contributorId":3440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"John","email":"jhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herwig, Russell P.","contributorId":169137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herwig","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Park, Linda K.","contributorId":28525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70031055,"text":"70031055 - 2006 - Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T10:07:35","indexId":"70031055","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","docAbstract":"Leveling surveys across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) have documented subsidence that is centered on the summit caldera and decays symmetrically on the flanks of the edifice. Possible mechanisms for this deformation include fluid withdrawal from a subsurface reservoir, cooling/crystallization of subsurface magma, loading by the volcano and dense intrusions, and crustal thinning due to tectonic extension (Dzurisin et al., 1991 [Dzurisin, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Evans, J.R., Walter, S.R., 1991. Crustal subsidence, seismicity, and structure near Medicine Lake Volcano, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 16, 319-16, 333.]; Dzurisin et al., 2002 [Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., Bürgmann, R., 2002. Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 2372, doi:10.1029/2001JB000893.]). InSAR data that approximate vertical displacements are similar to the leveling results; however, vertical deformation data alone are not sufficient to distinguish between source mechanisms. Horizontal displacements from GPS were collected in the Mt. Shasta/MLV region in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2004. These results suggest that the region is part of the western Oregon block that is rotating about an Euler pole in eastern Oregon. With this rotation removed, most sites in the network have negligible velocities except for those near MLV caldera. There, measured horizontal velocities are less than predicted from ∼10 km deep point and dislocation sources of volume loss based on the leveling data; therefore volumetric losses simulated by these sources are probably not causing the observed subsidence at MLV. This result demonstrates that elastic models of subsurface volume change can provide misleading results where additional geophysical and geological constraints are unavailable, or if only vertical deformation is known. The deformation source must be capable of causing broad vertical deformation with comparatively smaller horizontal displacements. Thermoelastic contraction of a column of hot rock beneath the volcano cannot reproduce the observed ratio of vertical to horizontal surface displacements. Models that determine deformation due to loading by the volcano and dense intrusions can be made to fit the pattern of vertical displacements by assuming a weak upper crust beneath MLV, though the subsidence rates due to surface loading must be lower than the observed displacements. Tectonic extension is almost certainly occurring based on fault orientations and focal mechanisms, but does not appear to be a major contributor to the observed deformation. We favor a model that includes a combination of sources, including extension and loading of a hot weak crust with thermal contraction of a cooling mass of rock beneath MLV, which are processes that are probably occurring at MLV. Future microgravity surveys and the planned deployment of an array of continuous GPS stations as part of a Plate Boundary Observatory volcano cluster will help to refine this model.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a systemic disease that is highly virulent to mustelids and other carnivore (Order Carnivora) species and is found worldwide. Endemic canine distemper in wild and domestic carnivores in the United States has made reintroduction of endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) difficult in the absence of safe and effective CDV vaccines and vaccination practices. Toward this end, researchers have explored appropriate animal models and vaccine preparations in highly susceptible species. Published studies involving domestic ferrets (M. putorius furo) using Galaxy-D® and evaluating a recombinant canarypox-vectored vaccine for oral administration are reviewed. In addition, we present new findings in domestic and black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats (M. eversmannii) that have extended our understanding of CDV in the black-footed ferret and other at-risk carnivore species. Original research presented here includes trials that determined an effective challenge dose (by route) of virulent CDV in domestic ferrets and Siberian polecats; the low likelihood of collateral vaccination with Galaxy-D; the adverse effect of modified-live virus boostering in black-footed ferrets receiving killed vaccine previously and the response of Siberian polecats receiving canarypoxvectored recombinant CDV vaccine (reCDV); the absence of an effect of reCDV vaccination on conception, pregnancy, and neonatal growth in Siberian polecats; and the apparent inefficacy of active reCDV vaccination during the period of passive immunity in young Siberian polecats. In the final section, we discuss emerging concerns and avenues for disease intervention that may present new opportunities to solve problems in vaccine safety, vaccine availability, field vaccine delivery, and other therapeutic modalities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat","conferenceDate":"January 28-29, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Wimsatt, J., Biggins, D.E., Williams, E., and Becerra, V.M., 2006, The quest for a safe and effective canine distemper virus vaccine for black-footed ferrets, in Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293), Fort Collins, CO, January 28-29, 2004, p. 248-266.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5293/report.pdf#page=259","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589aeab3e4b0efcedb72d251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wimsatt, Jeffrey","contributorId":173421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Elizabeth S.","contributorId":179120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Elizabeth S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Becerra, Victor M.","contributorId":179121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becerra","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031059,"text":"70031059 - 2006 - Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions","docAbstract":"We estimated trends in concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) and the related change in the probabilities of trophic conditions from 1975 to 1994 at 250 nationally representative riverine monitoring locations in the U.S. with drainage areas larger than about 1,000 km2. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) declines were detected in TP and TN concentrations at 44% and 37% of the monitoring sites, and significant increases were detected at 3% and 9% of the sites, respectively. We used a statistical model to assess changes in the probable trophic-state classification of the sites after adjusting for climate-related variability in nutrient concentrations. The probabilistic assessment accounts for current knowledge of the trophic response of streams to nutrient enrichment, based on a recently proposed definition of \"eutrophic,\" \"mesotrophic,\" and \"oligotrophic\" conditions in relation to total nutrient concentrations. Based on these trophic definitions, we found that the trophic state improved at 25% of the monitoring sites and worsened at fewer than 5% of the sites; about 70% of the sites were unchanged. Improvements in trophic-state related to declines in TP were more common in predominantly forested and shrub-grassland watersheds, whereas the trophic state of predominantly agricultural sites was unchanged. Despite the declines in TP concentrations at many sites, about 50% of all monitoring sites, and more than 60% of the sites in predominantly agricultural and urban watersheds, were classified as eutrophic in 1994 based on TP concentrations. Contemporaneous reductions in major nutrient sources to streams, related to wastewater treatment upgrades, phosphate detergent bans, and declines in some agricultural sources, may have contributed to the declines in riverine nutrient concentrations and associated improvements in trophic conditions. ?? 2006, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 2006, Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions, in Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 1 II, p. 639-654.","startPage":"639","endPage":"654","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1 II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb812e4b08c986b327669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030564,"text":"70030564 - 2006 - MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030564","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport","docAbstract":"This paper presents an approach for coupling MODFLOW and MT3DMS for the simulation of variable-density ground water flow. MODFLOW routines were modified to solve a variable-density form of the ground water flow equation in which the density terms are calculated using an equation of state and the simulated MT3DMS solute concentrations. Changes to the MODFLOW and MT3DMS input files were kept to a minimum, and thus existing data files and data files created with most pre- and postprocessors can be used directly with the SEAWAT code. The approach was tested by simulating the Henry problem and two of the saltpool laboratory experiments (low- and high-density cases). For the Henry problem, the simulated results compared well with the steady-state semianalytic solution and also the transient isochlor movement as simulated by a finite-element model. For the saltpool problem, the simulated breakthrough curves compared better with the laboratory measurements for the low-density case than for the high-density case but showed good agreement with the measured salinity isosurfaces for both cases. Results from the test cases presented here indicate that the MODFLOW/MT3DMS approach provides accurate solutions for problems involving variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00156.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., and Guo, W., 2006, MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 3, p. 339-351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00156.x.","startPage":"339","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477602,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.549.1049","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211960,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00156.x"},{"id":239350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ae4e4b0c8380cd69117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, W.","contributorId":43230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035311,"text":"70035311 - 2006 - A community effort to construct a gravity database for the United States and an associated Web portal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035311","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A community effort to construct a gravity database for the United States and an associated Web portal","docAbstract":"Potential field data (gravity and magnetic measurements) are both useful and costeffective tools for many geologic investigations. Significant amounts of these data are traditionally in the public domain. A new magnetic database for North America was released in 2002, and as a result, a cooperative effort between government agencies, industry, and universities to compile an upgraded digital gravity anomaly database, grid, and map for the conterminous United States was initiated and is the subject of this paper. This database is being crafted into a data system that is accessible through a Web portal. This data system features the database, software tools, and convenient access. The Web portal will enhance the quality and quantity of data contributed to the gravity database that will be a shared community resource. The system's totally digital nature ensures that it will be flexible so that it can grow and evolve as new data, processing procedures, and modeling and visualization tools become available. Another goal of this Web-based data system is facilitation of the efforts of researchers and students who wish to collect data from regions currently not represented adequately in the database. The primary goal of upgrading the United States gravity database and this data system is to provide more reliable data that support societal and scientific investigations of national importance. An additional motivation is the international intent to compile an enhanced North American gravity database, which is critical to understanding regional geologic features, the tectonic evolution of the continent, and other issues that cross national boundaries. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2397(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Keller, G.R., Hildenbrand, T., Kucks, R., Webring, M., Briesacher, A., Rujawitz, K., Hittleman, A., Roman, D., Winester, D., Aldouri, R., Seeley, J., Rasillo, J., Torres, R., Hinze, W.J., Gates, A., Kreinovich, V., and Salayandia, L., 2006, A community effort to construct a gravity database for the United States and an associated Web portal: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 397, p. 21-34, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2397(02).","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2397(02)"},{"id":243203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"397","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e34ce4b0c8380cd45f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kucks, R.","contributorId":23246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webring, M.","contributorId":67662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webring","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briesacher, A.","contributorId":69803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briesacher","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rujawitz, K.","contributorId":57288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rujawitz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hittleman, A.M.","contributorId":67314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittleman","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roman, D.R.","contributorId":20179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Winester, D.","contributorId":29197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winester","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aldouri, R.","contributorId":42802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldouri","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seeley, J.","contributorId":70612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rasillo, J.","contributorId":79722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasillo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Torres, R.","contributorId":25006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hinze, W. J.","contributorId":52607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinze","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gates, A.","contributorId":100203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Kreinovich, V.","contributorId":103108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreinovich","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Salayandia, L.","contributorId":51566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salayandia","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70030933,"text":"70030933 - 2006 - Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:16:17","indexId":"70030933","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse","docAbstract":"Gusev crater was selected as the landing site for Spirit on the basis of morphological evidence of long-lasting water activity, including possibly fluvial and lacustrine episodes. From the Columbia Memorial Station to the Columbia Hills, Spirit's traverse provides a journey back in time, from relatively recent volcanic plains showing little evidence for aqueous processes up to the older hills, where rock and soil composition are drastically different. For the first 156 sols, the only evidence of water action was weathering rinds, vein fillings, and soil crust cementation by salts. The trenches of Sols 112-145 marked the first significant findings of increased concentrations of sulfur and magnesium varying in parallel, suggesting that they be paired as magnesium-sulfate. Spirit's arrival at West Spur coincided with a shift in rock and soil composition with observations hinting at substantial amounts of water in Gusev's past. We used the Microscopic Imager data up to Sol 431 to analyze rock and soil properties and infer plausible types and magnitude of aqueous processes through time. We show the role played early by topography and structure. The morphology, texture, and deep alteration shown by the rocks in West Spur and the Columbia Hills Formation (CHF) suggest conditions that are not met in present-day Mars and required a wetter environment, which could have included transport of sulfur, chlorine, and bromine in water, vapor in volcanic gases, hydrothermal circulation, or saturation in a briny fluid containing the same elements. Changing conditions that might have affected flow circulation are suggested by different textural and morphological characteristics between the rocks in the CHF and those of the plains, with higher porosity proxy, higher void ratio, and higher water storage potential in the CHF. Soils were used to assess aqueous processes and water pathways in the top layers of modern soils. We conclude that infiltration might have become more difficult with time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002490","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cabrol, N., Farmer, J., Grin, E., Ritcher, L., Soderblom, L., Li, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Landis, G.A., and Arvidson, R., 2006, Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002490.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed19e4b0c8380cd49614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cabrol, N.A.","contributorId":65208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabrol","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, J.D.","contributorId":79671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grin, E.A.","contributorId":53926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grin","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritcher, L.","contributorId":45112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritcher","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, R.","contributorId":68441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landis, G. A.","contributorId":76536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70030252,"text":"70030252 - 2006 - Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030252","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2919,"text":"Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas","docAbstract":"Numerous methods exist for monitoring bird populations, and there is a large literature describing them. There are few resources, however, that provide comprehensive advice on every step of organizing and carrying out a survey, from the early stages of planning to final use of the data. Even fewer resources are designed to meet the needs of a wide variety of potential users, from amateurs interested in change of bird life in a local study preserve to professionals testing hypotheses on the response of birds to habitat management, although much of the advice should be the same for every monitoring program. Whether survey objectives are very modest or rigorously scientific, samples must be sufficiently numerous and well distributed to provide meaningful results, and the survey should be well designed to ensure that the money and effort going into it are not wasted. This document is intended to be a complete resource for anyone planning to organize monitoring of noncolonial landbirds within a relatively small geographic area (e.g., from the size of a woodlot to a large park). The first of its two parts provides background explaining the importance of good study design and gives specific advice on all aspects of project planning and execution of high-quality data collection for the purpose of hypothesis testing. The second part is self-contained and nontechnical and describes complete plans for a site-specific checklist survey, suitable for addressing monitoring questions frequently asked by amateurs and for involvement of volunteers in data collection. Throughout are references to additional resources, from background literature to sources of existing survey protocols, analysis software, and tools for archiving data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05766370","usgsCitation":"Dunn, E.H., Bart, J., Collins, B., Craig, B., Dale, B., Downes, C., Francis, C., Woodley, S., and Zorn, P., 2006, Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas: Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service, no. SPEC. ISS., p. 1-59.","startPage":"1","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d91e4b0c8380cd70473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, B.T.","contributorId":97315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craig, B.","contributorId":15827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, B.","contributorId":60570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Downes, C.M.","contributorId":46762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downes","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Woodley, S.","contributorId":36361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zorn, P.","contributorId":61645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zorn","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70030256,"text":"70030256 - 2006 - Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T15:25:25","indexId":"70030256","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data","docAbstract":"We estimate the strike and dip of three California fault segments (Calaveras, Sargent, and a portion of the San Andreas near San Jaun Bautistia) based on principle component analysis of accurately located microearthquakes. We compare these fault orientations with two different first-motion focal mechanism catalogs: the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) catalog, calculated using the FPFIT algorithm (Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985), and a catalog created using the HASH algorithm that tests mechanism stability relative to seismic velocity model variations and earthquake location (Hardebeck and Shearer, 2002). We assume any disagreement (misfit >30° in strike, dip, or rake) indicates inaccurate focal mechanisms in the catalogs. With this assumption, we can quantify the parameters that identify the most optimally constrained focal mechanisms. For the NCEDC/FPFIT catalogs, we find that the best quantitative discriminator of quality focal mechanisms is the station distribution ratio (STDR) parameter, an indicator of how the stations are distributed about the focal sphere. Requiring STDR > 0.65 increases the acceptable mechanisms from 34%–37% to 63%–68%. This suggests stations should be uniformly distributed surrounding, rather than aligning, known fault traces. For the HASH catalogs, the fault plane uncertainty (FPU) parameter is the best discriminator, increasing the percent of acceptable mechanisms from 63%–78% to 81%–83% when FPU ≤ 35°. The overall higher percentage of acceptable mechanisms and the usefulness of the formal uncertainty in identifying quality mechanisms validate the HASH approach of testing for mechanism stability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040239","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Kilb, D., and Hardebeck, J., 2006, Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 3, p. 1140-1158, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040239.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ae4b0c8380cd5377e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilb, Debi","contributorId":90892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilb","given":"Debi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035415,"text":"70035415 - 2006 - Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T16:03:03.032036","indexId":"70035415","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1387,"text":"Developments in Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data","docAbstract":"The Campanian Ignimbrite is a large-volume trachytic to phonolitic ignimbrite that was deposited at ≈39.3 ka and represents one of a number of highly explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the region near Naples, Italy. Thermodynamic modeling using the MELTS algorithm reveals that major element variations are dominated by crystal-liquid separation at 0.15 GPa. Initial dissolved H2O content in the parental melt is ∼3 wt.% and the magmatic system fugacity of oxygen was buffered along QFM+1. Significantly, MELTS results also indicate that the liquid line of descent is marked by a large change in the proportion of melt (from 0.46 to 0.09) at ∼884°C, which leads to a discontinuity in melt composition (i.e., a compositional gap) and different thermodynamic and transport properties of melt and magma across the gap. Crystallization of alkali feldspar and plagioclase dominates the phase assemblage at this pseudo-invariant point temperature of ∼884°C. Evaluation of the variations in the trace elements Zr, Nb, Th, U, Rb, Sm, and Sr using a mass balance equation that accounts for changing bulk mineral-melt partition coefficients as crystallization occurs indicates that crystal-liquid separation and open-system processes were important. Th isotope data yield an apparent isochron that is ∼20 kyr younger than the age of the deposit, and age-corrected Th isotope data indicate that the magma body was an open system at the time of eruption. Because open-system behavior can profoundly change isotopic and elemental characteristics of a magma body, these Th results illustrate that it is critical to understand the contribution that open-system processes make to magmatic systems prior to assigning relevance to age or timescale information derived from such systems. Fluid-magma interaction has been proposed as a mechanism to change isotopic and elemental characteristics of magma bodies, but an evaluation of the mass and thermal constraints on such a process suggests large-scale interaction is unlikely. In the case of the magma body associated with the Campanian Ignimbrite, the most likely source of the open-system signatures is assimilation of partial melts of compositionally heterogeneous basement composed of cumulates and intrusive equivalents of volcanic activity that has characterized the Campanian region for over 300 kyr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6","usgsCitation":"Bohrson, W., Spera, F., Fowler, S.J., Belkin, H., de Vivo, B., and Rolandi, G., 2006, Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data: Developments in Volcanology, v. 9, p. 249-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f463e4b0c8380cd4bcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spera, F. J.","contributorId":89315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spera","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, S. J.","contributorId":18586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030340,"text":"70030340 - 2006 - The contingent behavior of charter fishing participants on the Chesapeake Bay: Welfare estimates associated with water quality improvements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030340","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2261,"text":"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contingent behavior of charter fishing participants on the Chesapeake Bay: Welfare estimates associated with water quality improvements","docAbstract":"Water quality in the Chesapeake Bay has deteriorated over recent years. Historically, fishing has contributed to the region's local economy in terms of commercial and recreational harvests. A contingent behavior model is used to estimate welfare measures for charter fishing participants with regard to a hypothetical improvement in water quality. Using a truncated Poisson count model corrected for endogenous stratification, it was found that charter fishers not only contribute to the local market economy, but they also place positive non-market value on preserving the Bay's water quality. Using two estimates for travels costs it is estimated that the individual consumer surplus is $200 and $117 per trip, and the average individual consumer surplus values for an improvement in water quality is $75 and $44 for two models estimated. ?? 2006 University of Newcastle upon Tyne.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/09640560500508064","issn":"09640568","usgsCitation":"Poor, P., and Breece, M., 2006, The contingent behavior of charter fishing participants on the Chesapeake Bay: Welfare estimates associated with water quality improvements: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560500508064.","startPage":"265","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211745,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560500508064"},{"id":239094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa5be4b08c986b3227e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poor, P.J.","contributorId":21348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poor","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breece, M.","contributorId":16652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breece","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}