Water samples from short-screen monitoring wells installed along a 90-km transect in southwestern Kansas were analyzed for major ions, trace elements, isotopes (H, B, C, N, O, S, Sr), and dissolved gases (He, Ne, N2, Ar, O2, CH4) to evaluate the geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions in the unconfined central High Plains aquifer. The primary reactions controlling water chemistry were dedolomitization, cation exchange, feldspar weathering, and O2 reduction and denitrification. Radiocarbon ages adjusted for C mass transfers ranged from <2.6 ka (14C) B.P. near the water table to 12.8 ± 0.9 ka (14C) B.P. at the base of the aquifer, indicating the unconfined central High Plains aquifer contained a stratified sequence of ground water spanning Holocene time. A cross-sectional model of steady-state ground-water flow, calibrated using radiocarbon ages, is consistent with recharge rates ranging from 0.8 mm/a in areas overlain by loess to 8 mm/a in areas overlain by dune sand. Paleorecharge temperatures ranged from an average of 15.2 ± 0.7 °C for the most recently recharged waters to 11.6 ± 0.4 °C for the oldest waters. The temperature difference between Early and Late Holocene recharge was estimated to be 2.4 ± 0.7 °C, after taking into account variable recharge elevations. Nitrogen isotope data indicate NO3 in paleorecharge (average concentration=193 μM) was derived from a relatively uniform source such as soil N, whereas NO3 in recent recharge (average concentration=885 μM) contained N from varying proportions of fertilizer, manure, and soil N. Deep water samples contained components of N2 derived from atmospheric, denitrification, and deep natural gas sources. Denitrification rates in the aquifer were slow (5 ± 2× 10−3 μmol N L−1 a−1), indicating this process would require >10 ka to reduce the average NO3 concentration in recent recharge to the Holocene background concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., and Christenson, S.C., 2004, Geochemistry, radiocarbon ages, and paleorecharge conditions along a transect in the central High Plains aquifer, southwestern Kansas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 11, p. 1655-1686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1655","endPage":"1686","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172de4b0c8380cd553f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027011,"text":"70027011 - 2004 - Log Pearson type 3 quantile estimators with regional skew information and low outlier adjustments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:01:57","indexId":"70027011","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Log Pearson type 3 quantile estimators with regional skew information and low outlier adjustments","docAbstract":"The recently developed expected moments algorithm (EMA) [Cohn et al., 1997] does as well as maximum likelihood estimations at estimating log‐Pearson type 3 (LP3) flood quantiles using systematic and historical flood information. Needed extensions include use of a regional skewness estimator and its precision to be consistent with Bulletin 17B. Another issue addressed by Bulletin 17B is the treatment of low outliers. A Monte Carlo study compares the performance of Bulletin 17B using the entire sample with and without regional skew with estimators that use regional skew and censor low outliers, including an extended EMA estimator, the conditional probability adjustment (CPA) from Bulletin 17B, and an estimator that uses probability plot regression (PPR) to compute substitute values for low outliers. Estimators that neglect regional skew information do much worse than estimators that use an informative regional skewness estimator. For LP3 data the low outlier rejection procedure generally results in no loss of overall accuracy, and the differences between the MSEs of the estimators that used an informative regional skew are generally modest in the skewness range of real interest. Samples contaminated to model actual flood data demonstrate that estimators which give special treatment to low outliers significantly outperform estimators that make no such adjustment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002697","usgsCitation":"Griffis, V., Stedinger, J.R., and Cohn, T., 2004, Log Pearson type 3 quantile estimators with regional skew information and low outlier adjustments: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 7, Article W07503; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002697.","productDescription":"Article W07503; 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a493fe4b0c8380cd68466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffis, V.W.","contributorId":29616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffis","given":"V.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, Jery R.","contributorId":76198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"Jery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, T.A.","contributorId":84789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026997,"text":"70026997 - 2004 - Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026997","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204","docAbstract":"Large uncertainties about the energy resource potential and role in global climate change of gas hydrates result from uncertainty about how much hydrate is contained in marine sediments. During Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) to the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, we sampled the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) from the seafloor to its base in contrasting geological settings defined by a 3D seismic survey. By integrating results from different methods, including several new techniques developed for Leg 204, we overcome the problem of spatial under-sampling inherent in robust methods traditionally used for estimating the hydrate content of cores and obtain a high-resolution, quantitative estimate of the total amount and spatial variability of gas hydrate in this structural system. We conclude that high gas hydrate content (30-40% of pore space or 20-26% of total volume) is restricted to the upper tens of meters below the seafloor near the summit of the structure, where vigorous fluid venting occurs. Elsewhere, the average gas hydrate content of the sediments in the gas hydrate stability zone is generally <2% of the pore space, although this estimate may increase by a factor of 2 when patchy zones of locally higher gas hydrate content are included in the calculation. These patchy zones are structurally and stratigraphically controlled, contain up to 20% hydrate in the pore space when averaged over zones ???10 m thick, and may occur in up to ???20% of the region imaged by 3D seismic data. This heterogeneous gas hydrate distribution is an important constraint on models of gas hydrate formation in marine sediments and the response of the sediments to tectonic and environmental change. ?? 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A., Long, P., Torres, M., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F., Collett, T.S., Goldberg, D., Milkov, A., Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Bangs, N., Barr, S.R., Borowski, W., Claypool, G., Delwiche, M., Dickens, G., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Johnson, J., Lee, Y., Liu, C., Su, X., Teichert, B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M.E., and Weinberger, J., 2004, Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: Constraints from ODP Leg 204: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 222, no. 3-4, p. 845-862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035.","startPage":"845","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209020,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035"}],"volume":"222","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb326e4b08c986b325bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres, M.E.","contributorId":58443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohrmann, G.","contributorId":50700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrmann","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rack, F.R.","contributorId":24147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rack","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldberg, D.S.","contributorId":62001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milkov, A.V.","contributorId":81272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milkov","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schultheiss, P.","contributorId":79657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultheiss","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bangs, N.L.","contributorId":17385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bangs","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Barr, S. R.","contributorId":92473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Borowski, W.S.","contributorId":39984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borowski","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Delwiche, M.E.","contributorId":42003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delwiche","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Dickens, G.R.","contributorId":88101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickens","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gracia, E.","contributorId":85380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gracia","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Guerin, G.","contributorId":51943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Holland, M.","contributorId":17380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lee, Y.-J.","contributorId":13793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Y.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Liu, C.-S.","contributorId":10972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Su, X.","contributorId":10973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Teichert, B.","contributorId":78134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teichert","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Tomaru, H.","contributorId":34305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomaru","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Vanneste, M.","contributorId":16629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanneste","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Watanabe, M. E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Weinberger, J.L.","contributorId":95662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinberger","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70026315,"text":"70026315 - 2004 - Migration of dispersive GPR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026315","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Migration of dispersive GPR data","docAbstract":"Electrical conductivity and dielectric and magnetic relaxation phenomena cause electromagnetic propagation to be dispersive in earth materials. Both velocity and attenuation may vary with frequency, depending on the frequency content of the propagating energy and the nature of the relaxation phenomena. A minor amount of velocity dispersion is associated with high attenuation. For this reason, measuring effects of velocity dispersion in ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is difficult. With a dispersive forward model, GPR responses to propagation through materials with known frequency-dependent properties have been created. These responses are used as test data for migration algorithms that have been modified to handle specific aspects of dispersive media. When either Stolt or Gazdag migration methods are modified to correct for just velocity dispersion, the results are little changed from standard migration. For nondispersive propagating wavefield data, like deep seismic, ensuring correct phase summation in a migration algorithm is more important than correctly handling amplitude. However, the results of migrating model responses to dispersive media with modified algorithms indicate that, in this case, correcting for frequency-dependent amplitude loss has a much greater effect on the result than correcting for proper phase summation. A modified migration is only effective when it includes attenuation recovery, performing deconvolution and migration simultaneously.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004","conferenceDate":"21 June 2004 through 24 June 2004","conferenceLocation":"Delft","language":"English","isbn":"9090179593","usgsCitation":"Powers, M., and Oden, C., 2004, Migration of dispersive GPR data, in Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004, v. 1, Delft, 21 June 2004 through 24 June 2004, p. 333-336.","startPage":"333","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5707e4b0c8380cd6d9d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Slob E.Yarovoy A.Rhebergen J.B.","contributorId":128406,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Slob E.Yarovoy A.Rhebergen J.B.","id":536592,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oden, C.P.","contributorId":13413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026872,"text":"70026872 - 2004 - Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026872","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice","docAbstract":"1. Movements and habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, were studied using Passive Integrated Transponder technology. The fish were tagged in the summer of 1999, and a portable reading system was used to collect data on individual positions within a riffle-pool sequence in the early winter of 1999. Two major freezing events occurred on November 11-12 (Ice 1) and November 18-19 (Ice 2) that generated significant accumulations of anchor ice in the riffle. 2. Individually tagged parr (fork length 8.4-12.6 cm, n = 15) were tracked from 8 to 24 November 1999. Over this period, emigration (40%) was higher from the pool than from the riffle. Of the nine parr that were consistently located, seven parr moved <5 m up- or downstream, and two parr moved more than 10 m (maximum 23 m). Parr moved significantly more by night than by day, and diel habitat shifts were more pronounced in the pool with some of the fish moving closer to the bank at night. 3. During Ice 2, there was relatively little movement by most of the parr in the riffle beneath anchor ice up to 10 cm in thickness. Water temperature was 0.16??C above the freezing point beneath anchor ice, suggesting the existence of suitable habitats where salmon parr can avoid supercooling conditions and where they can have access to low velocity shelters. To our knowledge, these are the first data on habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr under anchor ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01246.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Roussel, J., Cunjak, R., Newbury, R., Caissie, D., and Haro, A., 2004, Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice: Freshwater Biology, v. 49, no. 8, p. 1026-1035, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01246.x.","startPage":"1026","endPage":"1035","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01246.x"},{"id":235537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f55e4b0c8380cd70ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roussel, J.-M.","contributorId":81847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunjak, R.A.","contributorId":106442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunjak","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newbury, R.","contributorId":29617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newbury","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caissie, D.","contributorId":85381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caissie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026966,"text":"70026966 - 2004 - Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026966","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996","docAbstract":"We have relocated a subset of events from the digital waveform catalogue of ???17,000 volcanic microearthquakes recorded between July 1995 and February 1996 at Soufriere Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, using a cross-correlation-based phase repicking technique with a joint location method. Hypocenters were estimated for 3914 earthquakes having five or more corrected P-wave picks. The seismic source region collapsed to a volume of ???1 km3 from an initial ???100 km3. Relocated events represent 36 swarms, each containing nearly identical waveforms, having source dimensions of 10 to 100 m in diameter and spatial separations on the order of 500 m or less. Each swarm occurred over a span of several hours to a few days.Triggered data appear to miss between 65% and 98% of the events that occur within these swarms, based on review of helicorder records. Visual estimates of summit dome growth show a rough correspondence between episodes of intense swarming and increases in extruded magma, although dome observations are too sparse to make a direct comparison for this time period. The limited depth range over which dome-growth-related events occur is consistent with a dynamic model of cyclic plug extrusion behavior in the shallow conduit, governed by magma supply rate, overpressure buildup and physical properties of the magma and conduit geometry. Seismic sources may occur in locally overpressured regions that result from microlite formation in a zone of rapid decompression; we propose that this zone exists in the vicinity of a detachment plane associated with the cyclic plug extrusion. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Rowe, C., Thurber, C., and White, R., 2004, Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 134, no. 3, p. 199-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008.","startPage":"199","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03a1e4b0c8380cd5059d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, C.A.","contributorId":71741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026963,"text":"70026963 - 2004 - Shallow-source aeromagnetic anomalies observed over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet compared with coincident bed topography from radar ice sounding - New evidence for glacial \"removal\" of subglacially erupted late Cenozoic rift-related volcanic edifices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026963","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Shallow-source aeromagnetic anomalies observed over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet compared with coincident bed topography from radar ice sounding - New evidence for glacial \"removal\" of subglacially erupted late Cenozoic rift-related volcanic edifices","docAbstract":"Aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding results from the 1991-1997 Central West Antarctica (CWA) aerogeophysical survey over part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and subglacial area of the volcanically active West Antarctic rift system have enabled detailed examination of specific anomaly sources. These anomalies, previously interpreted as caused by late Cenozoic subglacial volcanic centers, are compared to newly available glacial bed-elevation data from the radar ice sounding compilation of the entire area of the aeromagnetic survey to test this hypothesis in detail. We examined about 1000 shallow-source magnetic anomalies for bedrock topographic expression. Using very conservative criteria, we found over 400 specific anomalies which correlate with bed topography directly beneath each anomaly. We interpret these anomalies as indicative of the relative abundance of volcanic anomalies having shallow magnetic sources. Of course, deeper source magnetic anomalies are present, but these have longer wavelengths, lower gradients and mostly lower amplitudes from those caused by the highly magnetic late Cenozoic volcanic centers. The great bulk of these >400 (40-1200-nT) anomaly sources at the base of the ice have low bed relief (60-600 m, with about 80%<200 m). We interpret this relief as an indication of residual topography after glacial removal of volcanic edifices comprising hyaloclastite, pillow breccia and other volcanic debris erupted into the moving ice during volcanism since the initiation of the WAIS >10 million years ago. Eighteen of the anomalies examined, about half concentrated in the area of the WAIS divide, have high-topographic expression (as great as 400 m above sea level) and high bed relief (up to 1500 m). All of these high-topography anomaly sources at the base of the ice would isostatically rebound to elevations above sea level were the ice removed. We interpret these 18 anomaly sources as evidence of subaerial eruption of volcanoes whose topography was protected from erosion by competent volcanic flows similar to prominent volcanic peaks that are exposed above the surface of the WAIS. Further, we infer these volcanoes as possibly erupted at a time when the WAIS was absent. In contrast, at the other extreme, there are a number of shallow-source, volcanic appearing magnetic anomalies overlying the very smooth bed topography in the survey area beneath Ice Stream D (Bindshadler Ice Stream); the glacial bed probably comprises a very thin layer of unconsolidated sediments (till). Probably, the volcanic edifices here were removed at a more rapid rate because of fast glacial flow. A few of the very shallow-source \"volcanic\" anomalies overlie the ice shelf just downstream of the grounding line of Ice Stream D, suggesting a causal relationship, if the volcanism is recent. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.10.006","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Blankenship, D.D., Morse, D.L., and Bell, R., 2004, Shallow-source aeromagnetic anomalies observed over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet compared with coincident bed topography from radar ice sounding - New evidence for glacial \"removal\" of subglacially erupted late Cenozoic rift-related volcanic edifices, in Global and Planetary Change, v. 42, no. 1-4, p. 177-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.10.006.","startPage":"177","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209063,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.10.006"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e47e4b08c986b318844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morse, D. L.","contributorId":28024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, R.E.","contributorId":70010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026365,"text":"70026365 - 2004 - Annual survival estimation of migratory songbirds confounded by incomplete breeding site-fidelity: Study designs that may help","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026365","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival estimation of migratory songbirds confounded by incomplete breeding site-fidelity: Study designs that may help","docAbstract":"Many species of bird exhibit varying degrees of site-fidelity to the previous year's territory or breeding area, a phenomenon we refer to as incomplete breeding site-fidelity. If the territory they occupy is located beyond the bounds of the study area or search area (i.e., they have emigrated from the study area), the bird will go undetected and is therefore indistinguishable from dead individuals in capture-mark-recapture studies. Differential emigration rates confound inferences regarding differences in survival between sexes and among species if apparent survival rates are used as estimates of true survival. Moreover, the bias introduced by using apparent survival rates for true survival rates can have profound effects on the predictions of population persistence through time, source/sink dynamics, and other aspects of life-history theory. We investigated four study design and analysis approaches that result in apparent survival estimates that are closer to true survival estimates. Our motivation for this research stemmed from a multi-year capture-recapture study of Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea) on multiple study plots within a larger landscape of suitable breeding habitat where substantial inter-annual movements of marked individuals among neighboring study plots was documented. We wished to quantify the effects of this type of movement on annual survival estimation. The first two study designs we investigated involved marking birds in a core area and resighting them in the core as well as an area surrounding the core. For the first of these two designs, we demonstrated that as the resighting area surrounding the core gets progressively larger, and more \"emigrants\" are resighted, apparent survival estimates begin to approximate true survival rates (bias < 0.01). However, given observed inter-annual movements of birds, it is likely to be logistically impractical to resight birds on sufficiently large surrounding areas to minimize bias. Therefore, as an alternative protocol, we analyzed the data with subsets of three progressively larger areas surrounding the core. The data subsets provided four estimates of apparent survival that asymptotically approached true survival. This study design and analytical approach is likely to be logistically feasible in field settings and yields estimates of true survival unbiased (bias < 0.03) by incomplete breeding site-fidelity over a range of inter-annual territory movement patterns. The third approach we investigated used a robust design data collection and analysis approach. This approach resulted in estimates of survival that were unbiased (bias < 0.02), but were very imprecise and likely would not yield reliable estimates in field situations. The fourth approach utilized a fixed study area size, but modeled detection probability as a function of bird proximity to the study plot boundary (e.g., those birds closest to the edge are more likely to emigrate). This approach also resulted in estimates of survival that were unbiased (bias < 0.02), but because the individual covariates were normalized, the average capture probability was 0.50, and thus did not provide an accurate estimate of the true capture probability. Our results show that the core-area with surrounding resight-only can provide estimates of survival that are not biased by the effects of incomplete breeding site-fidelity. ?? 2004 Museu de Cie??ncies Naturals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1578665X","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M., Diefenbach, D., Wood, L., and Cooper, R., 2004, Annual survival estimation of migratory songbirds confounded by incomplete breeding site-fidelity: Study designs that may help: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 59-72.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec39e4b0c8380cd49135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, M.R.","contributorId":82427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, L.A.","contributorId":10785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026360,"text":"70026360 - 2004 - New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026360","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean","docAbstract":"Site velocities from six separate Global Positioning System (GPS) networks comprising 374 stations have been referred to a single common Eurasia-fixed reference frame to map the velocity distribution over the entire Aegean. We use the GPS velocity field to identify deforming regions, rigid elements, and potential microplate boundaries, and build upon previous work by others to initially specify rigid elements in central Greece, the South Aegean, Anatolia, and the Sea of Marmara. We apply an iterative approach, tentatively defining microplate boundaries, determining best fit rigid rotations, examining misfit patterns, and revising the boundaries to achieve a better match between model and data. Short-term seismic cycle effects are minor contaminants of the data that we remove when necessary to isolate the long-term kinematics. We find that present day Aegean deformation is due to the relative motions of four microplates and straining in several isolated zones internal to them. The RMS misfit of model to data is about 2-sigma, very good when compared to the typical match between coseismic fault models and GPS data. The simplicity of the microplate description of the deformation and its good fit to the GPS data are surprising and were not anticipated by previous work, which had suggested either many rigid elements or broad deforming zones that comprise much of the Aegean region. The isolated deforming zones are also unexpected and cannot be explained by the kinematics of the microplate motions. Strain rates within internally deforming zones are extensional and range from 30 to 50 nanostrain/year (nstrain/year, 10-9/year), 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than rates observed across the major microplate boundaries. Lower strain rates may exist elsewhere withi the microplates but are only resolved in Anatolia, where extension of 13 ?? 4 nstrain/ year is required by the data. Our results suggest that despite the detailed complexity of active continental deformation revealed by seismicity, active faulting, fault geomorphology, and earthquake fault plane solutions, continental tectonics, at least in the Aegean, is to first order very similar to global plate tectonics and obeys the same simple kinematic rules. Although the widespread distribution of Aegean seismicity and active faulting might suggest a rather spatially homogeneous seismic hazard, the focusing of deformation near microplate boundaries implies the highest hazard is comparably localized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002830","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nyst, M., and Thatcher, W., 2004, New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 11, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002830.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208419,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002830"},{"id":234159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6565e4b0c8380cd72ba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026937,"text":"70026937 - 2004 - Effects of seeding procedures and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stream water by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026937","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of seeding procedures and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stream water by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623","docAbstract":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 is widely used to monitor source waters and drinking water supplies for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Matrix spikes, used to determine the effect of the environmental matrix on the method's recovery efficiency for the target organism, require the collection and analysis of two environmental samples, one for analysis of endemic oocysts and the other for analysis of recovery efficiency. A new product, ColorSeed, enables the analyst to determine recovery efficiency by using modified seeded oocysts that can be differentiated from endemic organisms in a single sample. Twenty-nine stream water samples and one untreated effluent sample from a cattle feedlot were collected in triplicate to compare modified seeding procedures to conventional seeding procedures that use viable, unmodified oocysts. Significant negative correlations were found between the average oocyst recovery and turbidity or suspended sediment; this was especially apparent in samples with turbidities greater than 100 nephelometric turbidity units and suspended sediment concentrations greater than 100 mg/liter. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16.7% of the unseeded environmental samples, and concentrations, adjusted for recoveries, ranged from 4 to 80 oocysts per 10 liters. Determining recovery efficiency also provided data to calculate detection limits; these ranged from <2 to <215 oocysts per 10 liters. Recoveries of oocysts ranged from 2.0 to 61% for viable oocysts and from 3.0 to 59% for modified oocysts. The recoveries between the two seeding procedures were highly correlated (r = 0.802) and were not significantly different. Recoveries by using modified oocysts, therefore, were comparable to recoveries by using conventional seeding procedures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.7.4118-4128.2004","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Francy, D., Simmons, O.D., Ware, M., Granger, E., Sobsey, M., and Schaefer, F.W., 2004, Effects of seeding procedures and water quality on recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stream water by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1623: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 7, p. 4118-4128, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.7.4118-4128.2004.","startPage":"4118","endPage":"4128","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478331,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/444769","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.7.4118-4128.2004"}],"volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c5e4b0c8380cd51815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, D.S. 0000-0001-9229-3557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":86809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, O. D. III","contributorId":72160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"O.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ware, M.W.","contributorId":92027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ware","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Granger, E.J.","contributorId":75734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sobsey, M.D.","contributorId":7037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobsey","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaefer, F. W. III","contributorId":26475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026936,"text":"70026936 - 2004 - Survival estimates for Florida manatees from the photo-identification of individuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T08:29:32","indexId":"70026936","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival estimates for Florida manatees from the photo-identification of individuals","docAbstract":"We estimated adult survival probabilities for the endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in four regional populations using photo-identification data and open-population capture-recapture statistical models. The mean annual adult survival probability over the most recent 10-yr period of available estimates was as follows: Northwest - 0.956 (SE 0.007), Upper St. Johns River - 0.960 (0.011), Atlantic Coast - 0.937 (0.008), and Southwest - 0.908 (0.019). Estimates of temporal variance independent of sampling error, calculated from the survival estimates, indicated constant survival in the Upper St. Johns River, true temporal variability in the Northwest and Atlantic Coast, and large sampling variability obscuring estimates for the Southwest. Calf and subadult survival probabilities were estimated for the Upper St. Johns River from the only available data for known-aged individuals: 0.810 (95% CI 0.727-0.873) for 1st year calves, 0.915 (0.827-0.960) for 2nd year calves, and 0.969 (0.946-0.982) for manatee 3 yr or older. These estimates of survival probabilities and temporal variance, in conjunction with estimates of reproduction probabilities from photoidentification data can be used to model manatee population dynamics, estimate population growth rates, and provide an integrated measure of regional status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01171.x","issn":"08240469","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C., Beck, C., Edwards, H., Fick-Child, K.J., Ackerman, B., Barton, S., and Hartley, W., 2004, Survival estimates for Florida manatees from the photo-identification of individuals: Marine Mammal Science, v. 20, no. 3, p. 438-463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01171.x.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"463","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01171.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2bde4b08c986b31f90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, C.A. 0000-0001-8499-5743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":71133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langtimm","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, H.H.","contributorId":99924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fick-Child, K. J.","contributorId":34698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fick-Child","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackerman, B.B.","contributorId":31698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barton, S.L.","contributorId":73964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hartley, W.C.","contributorId":97462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026482,"text":"70026482 - 2004 - Temporal and spatial estimates of adult striped bass mortality from telemetry and transmitter return data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026482","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial estimates of adult striped bass mortality from telemetry and transmitter return data","docAbstract":"Estimates of total mortality, fishing mortality, and natural mortality in the fishery for the adult striped bass Morone saxatilis in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, South Carolina-Georgia, were determined from long-term radiotelemetry data and high-reward radio transmitter return data using catch curve analyses. Annual total mortality rates were 0.81 ?? 0.06 (mean ?? SE) for year 1 (July 1999-June 2000) and 0.42 ?? 0.04 for year 2 (July 2000-June 2001). We observed that the force of fishing was much greater than the force of natural death on total mortality in this fishery. Total exploitation of all implanted striped bass over the 2-year study period was 48%. Fishing mortality rates were 0.67 ?? 0.04 for year 1 and 0.33 ?? 0.02 for year 2, and natural mortality rates were 0.14 ?? 0.02 for year 1 and 0.09 ?? 0.02 for year 2. We also identified seasonal increases in total and fishing mortality rates from July to September. Fishing mortality was highest temporally and spatially during late spring and late summer near the tailrace below Richard B. Russell Dam owing to high angling pressure for striped bass while the fish were congregated in summer refugia. Natural mortality occurred only during mid to late summer in the middle section of the reservoir. These deaths were attributed to striped bass's becoming trapped in unsuitable summer habitat in the lower and middle sections of the reservoir. Mean postsurgery growth from 15 harvested study fish at large for a mean of 1.16 ?? 0.81 years was estimated to be 1.71 ?? 0.73 kg/year. Internal implantation of telemetry devices appeared to have no negative effect on long-term growth, health, and survival of adult striped bass and did not bias mortality and survival estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-120.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Young, S., and Isely, J.J., 2004, Temporal and spatial estimates of adult striped bass mortality from telemetry and transmitter return data: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1112-1119, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-120.1.","startPage":"1112","endPage":"1119","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-120.1"},{"id":234410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4efe4b08c986b3206a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026916,"text":"70026916 - 2004 - Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T16:55:04.870702","indexId":"70026916","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests","docAbstract":"We show how simple statistical analyses of systematically collected inventory data can be used to provide reliable information about the distribution and habitat associations of rare species. Using an existing design-based sampling grid on which epiphytic macrolichens had been inventoried in the Northwest Forest Plan area of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, we (1) estimate frequencies and standard errors for each of 25 lichen species having special management designation (i.e., Survey and Manage), (2) assess the probability that individual species were associated with specific land allocation and forest stand age classifications, and (3) provide estimates of sample sizes necessary to ensure sufficient detections for these analyses. We conclude with a discussion of management and conservation information needs that extant data can satisfy and identify advantages and limitations of random vs. nonrandom sampling strategies. Combining design-assisted and model-assisted approaches can overcome some of the limitations of either single strategy.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/02-5236","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., Cutler, D., Geiser, L., Alegria, J., and McKenzie, D., 2004, Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 2, p. 414-424, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5236.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -120.9375,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 46.92025531537451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddee4b0c8380cd49a76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cutler, D.R.","contributorId":89684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geiser, L.","contributorId":23498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiser","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alegria, J.","contributorId":97683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alegria","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035157,"text":"70035157 - 2004 - The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A modeling framework for water- and environmental-resources management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035157","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A modeling framework for water- and environmental-resources management","docAbstract":"The interdisciplinary nature and increasing complexity of water- and environmental-resource problems require the use of modeling approaches that can incorporate knowledge from a broad range of scientific disciplines. The large number of distributed hydrological and ecosystem models currently available are composed of a variety of different conceptualizations of the associated processes they simulate. Assessment of the capabilities of these distributed models requires evaluation of the conceptualizations of the individual processes, and the identification of which conceptualizations are most appropriate for various combinations of criteria, such as problem objectives, data constraints, and spatial and temporal scales of application. With this knowledge, \"optimal\" models for specific sets of criteria can be created and applied. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Modular Modeling System (MMS) is an integrated system of computer software that has been developed to provide these model development and application capabilities. MMS supports the integration of models and tools at a variety of levels of modular design. These include individual process models, tightly coupled models, loosely coupled models, and fully-integrated decision support systems. A variety of visualization and statistical tools are also provided. MMS has been coupled with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) object-oriented reservoir and river-system modeling framework, RiverWare, under a joint USGS-BOR program called the Watershed and River System Management Program. MMS and RiverWare are linked using a shared relational database. The resulting database-centered decision support system provides tools for evaluating and applying optimal resource-allocation and management strategies to complex, operational decisions on multipurpose reservoir systems and watersheds. Management issues being addressed include efficiency of water-resources management, environmental concerns such as meeting flow needs for endangered species, and optimizing operations within the constraints of multiple objectives such as power generation, irrigation, and water conservation. This decision support system approach is being developed, tested, and implemented in the Gunni-son, Yakima, San Juan, Rio Grande, and Truckee River basins of the western United States. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)24","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., Markstrom, S., and Viger, R., 2004, The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A modeling framework for water- and environmental-resources management, in Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)24.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)24"},{"id":243353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7fae4b08c986b321917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, S.L.","contributorId":76807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":80711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026913,"text":"70026913 - 2004 - Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026913","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, Asia","docAbstract":"Glacioclimatological research in the central Tien Shan was performed in the summers of 1998 and 1999 on the South Inilchek Glacier at 5100-5460 m. A 14.36 m firn-ice core and snow samples were collected and used for stratigraphic, isotopic, and chemical analyses. The firn-ice core and snow records were related to snow pit measurements at an event scale and to meteorological data and synoptic indices of atmospheric circulation at annual and seasonal scales. Linear relationships between the seasonal air temperature and seasonal isotopic composition in accumulated precipitation were established. Changes in the ??18O air temperature relationship, in major ion concentration and in the ratios between chemical species, were used to identify different sources of moisture and investigate changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Precipitation over the central Tien Shan is characterized by the lowest ionic content among the Tien Shan glaciers and indicates its mainly marine origin. In seasons of minimum precipitation, autumn and winter, water vapor was derived from the and and semiarid regions in central Eurasia and contributed annual maximal solute content to snow accumulation in Tien Shan. The lowest content of major ions was observed in spring and summer layers, which represent maximum seasonal accumulation when moisture originates over the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean and Black Seas. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JD003894","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Aizen, V., Aizen, E., Melack, J., Kreutz, K., and Cecil, L., 2004, Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, Asia: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 109, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003894.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003894"},{"id":235578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ee4b0c8380cd49e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aizen, V.B.","contributorId":24972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aizen","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aizen, E.M.","contributorId":90091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aizen","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreutz, K.J.","contributorId":46712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreutz","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035235,"text":"70035235 - 2004 - Effect of temporal resolution on the accuracy of ADCP measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035235","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effect of temporal resolution on the accuracy of ADCP measurements","docAbstract":"The application of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP's) in river flow measurements is promoting a great deal of progress in hydrometry. ADCP's not only require shorter times to collect data than traditional current meters, but also allow streamflow measurements at sites where the use of conventional meters is either very expensive, unsafe, or simply not possible. Moreover, ADCP's seem to offer a means for collecting flow data with spatial and temporal resolutions that cannot be achieved with traditional current-meters. High-resolution data is essential to characterize the mean flow and turbulence structure of streams, which can in turn lead to a better understanding of the hydrodynamic and transport processes in rivers. However, to properly characterize the mean flow and turbulence intensities of stationary flows in natural turbulent boundary layers, velocities need to be sampled over a long-enough time span. The question then arises, how long should velocities be sampled in the flow field to achieve an adequate temporal resolution? Theoretically, since velocities cannot be sampled over an infinitely long time interval, the error due to finite integration time must be considered. This error can be estimated using the integral time scale. The integral time scale is not only a measure of the time interval over which a fluctuating function is correlated with itself but also a measure of the time span over which the function is dependent on itself. This time scale, however, is not a constant but varies spatially in the flow field. In this paper we present an analysis of the effect of the temporal resolution (sampling time span) on the accuracy of ADCP measurements based on the integral time scale. Single ping velocity profiles collected with frequencies of 1 Hz in the Chicago River at Columbus Drive using an uplooking 600 kHz ADCP are used in this analysis. The integral time scale at different depths is estimated based on the autocorrelation function of the velocity fluctuations and is used to evaluate the mean-square error as a function of the integration time. The implications of these errors in typical ADCP measurements for discharge estimates in natural streams are discussed. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)308","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Castro, J.A., Oberg, K., and Duncker, J., 2004, Effect of temporal resolution on the accuracy of ADCP measurements, in Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)308.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478073,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.598.4783","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215215,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)308"},{"id":243002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0613e4b0c8380cd510f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez-Castro, J. A.","contributorId":96885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Castro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K.","contributorId":60376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncker, James J.","contributorId":62620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027369,"text":"70027369 - 2004 - Estimating tectonic history through basin simulation-enhanced seismic inversion: Geoinformatics for sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027369","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating tectonic history through basin simulation-enhanced seismic inversion: Geoinformatics for sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"A data assimilation approach is demonstrated whereby seismic inversion is both automated and enhanced using a comprehensive numerical sedimentary basin simulator to study the physics and chemistry of sedimentary basin processes in response to geothermal gradient in much greater detail than previously attempted. The approach not only reduces costs by integrating the basin analysis and seismic inversion activities to understand the sedimentary basin evolution with respect to geodynamic parameters-but the technique also has the potential for serving as a geoinfomatics platform for understanding various physical and chemical processes operating at different scales within a sedimentary basin. Tectonic history has a first-order effect on the physical and chemical processes that govern the evolution of sedimentary basins. We demonstrate how such tectonic parameters may be estimated by minimizing the difference between observed seismic reflection data and synthetic ones constructed from the output of a reaction, transport, mechanical (RTM) basin model. We demonstrate the method by reconstructing the geothermal gradient. As thermal history strongly affects the rate of RTM processes operating in a sedimentary basin, variations in geothermal gradient history alter the present-day fluid pressure, effective stress, porosity, fracture statistics and hydrocarbon distribution. All these properties, in turn, affect the mechanical wave velocity and sediment density profiles for a sedimentary basin. The present-day state of the sedimentary basin is imaged by reflection seismology data to a high degree of resolution, but it does not give any indication of the processes that contributed to the evolution of the basin or causes for heterogeneities within the basin that are being imaged. Using texture and fluid properties predicted by our Basin RTM simulator, we generate synthetic seismograms. Linear correlation using power spectra as an error measure and an efficient quadratic optimization technique are found to be most effective in determining the optimal value of the tectonic parameters. Preliminary 1-D studies indicate that one can determine the geothermal gradient even in the presence of observation and numerical uncertainties. The algorithm succeeds even when the synthetic data has detailed information only in a limited depth interval and has a different dominant frequency in the synthetic and observed seismograms. The methodology presented here even works when the basin input data contains only 75 per cent of the stratigraphic layering information compared with the actual basin in a limited depth interval.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02126.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Tandon, K., Tuncay, K., Hubbard, K., Comer, J., and Ortoleva, P., 2004, Estimating tectonic history through basin simulation-enhanced seismic inversion: Geoinformatics for sedimentary basins: Geophysical Journal International, v. 156, no. 1, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02126.x.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478087,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02126.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02126.x"},{"id":238326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b50e4b0c8380cd5268b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tandon, K.","contributorId":53156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tandon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tuncay, K.","contributorId":70181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuncay","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubbard, K.","contributorId":95676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Comer, J.","contributorId":106699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ortoleva, P.","contributorId":60433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortoleva","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026904,"text":"70026904 - 2004 - Great earthquakes and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at the Salmon River estuary, central Oregon coast, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026904","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great earthquakes and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at the Salmon River estuary, central Oregon coast, USA","docAbstract":"Four buried tidal marsh soils at a protected inlet near the mouth of the Salmon River yield definitive to equivocal evidence for coseismic subsidence and burial by tsunami-deposited sand during great earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. An extensive, landward-tapering sheet of sand overlies a peaty tidal-marsh soil over much of the lower estuary. Limited pollen and macrofossil data suggest that the soil suddenly subsided 0.3-1.0 m shortly before burial. Regional correlation of similar soils at tens of estuaries to the north and south and precise 14C ages from one Salmon River site imply that the youngest soil subsided during the great earthquake of 26 January A.D. 1700. Evidence for sudden subsidence of three older soils during great earthquakes is more equivocal because older-soil stratigraphy can be explained by local hydrographic changes in the estuary. Regional 14C correlation of two of the three older soils with soils at sites that better meet criteria for a great-earthquake origin is consistent with the older soils recording subsidence and tsunamis during at least two great earthquakes. Pollen evidence of sudden coseismic subsidence from the older soils is inconclusive, probably because the amount of subsidence was small (<0.5 m). The shallow depths of the older soils yield rates of relative sea-level rise substantially less than rates previously calculated for Oregon estuaries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/012003210","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., Asquith, A., and Grant, W., 2004, Great earthquakes and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at the Salmon River estuary, central Oregon coast, USA: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 4, p. 1276-1292, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003210.","startPage":"1276","endPage":"1292","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209215,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/012003210"},{"id":235469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a5fe4b0c8380cd5b109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, A.C.","contributorId":9046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, W.C.","contributorId":86908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026903,"text":"70026903 - 2004 - Tire-wear particles as a source of zinc to the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:45:28","indexId":"70026903","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tire-wear particles as a source of zinc to the environment","docAbstract":"Tire-tread material has a zinc (Zn) content of about 1 wt %. The quantity of tread material lost to road surfaces by abrasion has not been well characterized. Two approaches were used to assess the magnitude of this nonpoint source of Zn in the U.S. for the period 1936−1999. In the first approach, tread-wear rates from the automotive engineering literature were used in conjunction with vehicle distance-driven data from the U.S. Department of Transportation to determine Zn releases. A second approach calculated this source term from the volume of tread lost during lifetime tire wear. These analyses showed that the quantity of Zn released by tire wear in the mid-1990s was of the same magnitude as that released from waste incineration. For 1999, the quantity of Zn released by tire wear in the U.S. is estimated to be 10 000−11 000 metric tons. A specific case study focused on Zn sources and sinks in an urban−suburban watershed (Lake Anne) in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area for a time period of the late 1990s. The atmospheric flux of total Zn (wet deposition) to the watershed was 2 μg/cm2/yr. The flux of Zn to the watershed estimated from tire wear was 42 μg/cm2/yr. The measured accumulation rate of total Zn in age-dated sediment cores from Lake Anne was 27 μg/cm2/yr. These data suggest that tire-wear Zn inputs to urban−suburban watersheds can be significantly greater than atmospheric inputs, although the watershed appears to retain appreciable quantities of vehicular Zn inputs.
The red-legged frog, Rana aurora, has been recognized as both a single, polytypic species and as two distinct species since its original description 150 years ago. It is currently recognized as one species with two geographically contiguous subspecies, aurora and draytonii; the latter is protected under the US Endangered Species Act. We present the results of a survey of 50 populations of red-legged frogs from across their range plus four outgroup species for variation in a phylogenetically informative, ∼400 base pairs (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial cytochromeb gene. Our mtDNA analysis points to several major results. (1) In accord with several other lines of independent evidence, aurora and draytonii are each diagnosably distinct, evolutionary lineages; the mtDNA data indicate that they do not constitute a monophyletic group, but rather that aurora and R. cascadae from the Pacific northwest are sister taxa; (2) the range of thedraytonii mtDNA clade extends about 100 km further north in coastal California than was previously suspected, and corresponds closely with the range limits or phylogeographical breaks of several codistributed taxa; (3) a narrow zone of overlap exists in southern Mendocino County between aurora and draytonii haplotypes, rather than a broad intergradation zone; and (4) the critically endangered population of draytonii in Riverside County, CA forms a distinct clade with frogs from Baja California, Mexico. The currently available evidence favours recognition of auroraand draytonii as separate species with a narrow zone of overlap in northern California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02285.x","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, H., Fellers, G.M., Voss, S.R., Oliver, J.C., and Pauly, G.B., 2004, Species boundaries, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora/draytonii) complex: Molecular Ecology, v. 13, no. 9, p. 2667-2677, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02285.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2667","endPage":"2677","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":71051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"H. Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, S. Randal","contributorId":104334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliver, J. C.","contributorId":174955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pauly, Gregory B.","contributorId":174956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pauly","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026446,"text":"70026446 - 2004 - Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T14:23:40","indexId":"70026446","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa","docAbstract":"The food security problem in Africa is tied to the small farmer, whose subsistence farming relies heavily on rain-fed agriculture. A dry spell lasting two to three weeks can cause a significant yield reduction. A small-scale irrigation scheme from small-capacity ponds can alleviate this problem. This solution would require a water harvest mechanism at a farm level. In this study, we looked at the feasibility of implementing such a water harvest mechanism in drought prone parts of Africa. A water balance study was conducted at different watershed levels. Runoff (watershed yield) was estimated using the SCS curve number technique and satellite derived rainfall estimates (RFE). Watersheds were delineated from the Africa-wide HYDRO-1K digital elevation model (DEM) data set in a GIS environment. Annual runoff volumes that can potentially be stored in a pond during storm events were estimated as the product of the watershed area and runoff excess estimated from the SCS Curve Number method. Estimates were made for seepage and net evaporation losses. A series of water harvest index maps were developed based on a combination of factors that took into account the availability of runoff, evaporation losses, population density, and the required watershed size needed to fill a small storage reservoir that can be used to alleviate water stress during a crop growing season. This study presents Africa-wide water-harvest index maps that could be used for conducting feasibility studies at a regional scale in assessing the relative differences in runoff potential between regions for the possibility of using ponds as a water management tool. ?? 2004 American Society of Agricultural Engineers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.17725","issn":"08838542","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., and Verdin, J., 2004, Developing index maps of water-harvest potential in Africa: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 20, no. 6, p. 789-799, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.17725.","startPage":"789","endPage":"799","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0010e4b0c8380cd4f582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035321,"text":"70035321 - 2004 - Simulating the effects of ground-water withdrawals on streamflow in a precipitation-runoff model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035321","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulating the effects of ground-water withdrawals on streamflow in a precipitation-runoff model","docAbstract":"Precipitation-runoff models are used to assess the effects of water use and management alternatives on streamflow. Often, ground-water withdrawals are a major water-use component that affect streamflow, but the ability of surface-water models to simulate ground-water withdrawals is limited. As part of a Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) precipitation-runoff model developed to analyze the effect of ground-water and surface-water withdrawals on streamflow in the Ipswich River in northeastern Massachusetts, an analytical technique (STRMDEPL) was developed for calculating the effects of pumped wells on streamflow. STRMDEPL is a FORTRAN program based on two analytical solutions that solve equations for ground-water flow to a well completed in a semi-infinite, homogeneous, and isotropic aquifer in direct hydraulic connection to a fully penetrating stream. One analytical method calculates unimpeded flow at the stream-aquifer boundary and the other method calculates the resistance to flow caused by semipervious streambed and streambank material. The principle of superposition is used with these analytical equations to calculate time-varying streamflow depletions due to daily pumping. The HSPF model can readily incorporate streamflow depletions caused by a well or surface-water withdrawal, or by multiple wells or surface-water withdrawals, or both, as a combined time-varying outflow demand from affected channel reaches. These demands are stored as a time series in the Watershed Data Management (WDM) file. This time-series data is read into the model as an external source used to specify flow from the first outflow gate in the reach where these withdrawals are located. Although the STRMDEPL program can be run independently of the HSPF model, an extension was developed to run this program within GenScn, a scenario generator and graphical user interface developed for use with the HSPF model. This extension requires that actual pumping rates for each well be stored in a unique WDM dataset identified by an attribute that associates each well with the model reach from which water is withdrawn. Other attributes identify the type and characteristics of the data. The interface allows users to easily add new pumping wells, delete exiting pumping wells, or change properties of the simulated aquifer or well. Development of this application enhanced the ability of the HSPF model to simulate complex water-use conditions in the Ipswich River Basin. The STRMDEPL program and the GenScn extension provide a valuable tool for water managers to evaluate the effects of pumped wells on streamflow and to test alternative water-use scenarios. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)103","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Barlow, P.M., and Duda, P., 2004, Simulating the effects of ground-water withdrawals on streamflow in a precipitation-runoff model, in Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)103.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215550,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)103"},{"id":243362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd7e4b08c986b319184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Philip J.","contributorId":21588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duda, P.B.","contributorId":8892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026432,"text":"70026432 - 2004 - Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:03:13","indexId":"70026432","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles","docAbstract":"Profiles of 210Pb and 239 + <240Pu from sediment cores collected throughout Massachusetts Bay (water depths of 36-192 m) are interpreted with the aid of a numerical sediment-mixing model to infer bioturbation depths, rates and processes. The nuclide data suggest extensive bioturbation to depths of 25-35 cm. Roughly half the cores have 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles that decrease monotonically from the surface and are consistent with biodiffusive mixing. Bioturbation rates are reasonably well constrained by these profiles and vary from ~0.7 to ~40 cm2 yr-1. As a result of this extensive reworking, however, sediment ages cannot be accurately determined from these radionuclides and only upper limits on sedimentation rates (of ~0.3 cm yr-1) can be inferred. The other half of the radionuclide profiles are characterized by subsurface maxima in each nuclide, which cannot be reproduced by biodiffusive mixing models. A numerical model is used to demonstrate that mixing caused by organisms that feed at the sediment surface and defecate below the surface can cause the subsurface maxima, as suggested by previous work. The deep penetration depths of excess 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu suggest either that the organisms release material over a range of >15 cm depth or that biodiffusive mixing mediated by other organisms is occurring at depth. Additional constraints from surficial sediment 234Th data suggest that in this half of the cores, the vast majority of the present-day flux of recent, nuclide-bearing material to these core sites is transported over a timescale of a month or more to a depth of a few centimeters below the sediment surface. As a consequence of the complex mixing processes, surface sediments include material spanning a range of ages and will not accurately record recent changes in contaminant deposition.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.005","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Bothner, M., and Sommerfield, C.K., 2004, Bioturbation depths, rates and processes in Massachusetts Bay sediments inferred from modeling of 210Pb and 239 + 240Pu profiles: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 61, no. 4, p. 643-655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.005.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"655","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1606","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.864609,42.273564 ], [ -70.864609,42.350644 ], [ -70.755238,42.350644 ], [ -70.755238,42.273564 ], [ -70.864609,42.273564 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a5e4b0c8380cd4ad6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":409510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sommerfield, Christopher K.","contributorId":9820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerfield","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026431,"text":"70026431 - 2004 - Assessment of uncertainty in ROLO lunar irradiance for on-orbit calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026431","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of uncertainty in ROLO lunar irradiance for on-orbit calibration","docAbstract":"A system to provide radiometric calibration of remote sensing imaging instruments on-orbit using the Moon has been developed by the US Geological Survey RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project. ROLO has developed a model for lunar irradiance which treats the primary geometric variables of phase and libration explicitly. The model fits hundreds of data points in each of 23 VNIR and 9 SWIR bands; input data are derived from lunar radiance images acquired by the project's on-site telescopes, calibrated to exoatmospheric radiance and converted to disk-equivalent reflectance. Experimental uncertainties are tracked through all stages of the data processing and modeling. Model fit residuals are ???1% in each band over the full range of observed phase and libration angles. Application of ROLO lunar calibration to SeaWiFS has demonstrated the capability for long-term instrument response trending with precision approaching 0.1% per year. Current work involves assessing the error in absolute responsivity and relative spectral response of the ROLO imaging systems, and propagation of error through the data reduction and modeling software systems with the goal of reducing the uncertainty in the absolute scale, now estimated at 5-10%. This level is similar to the scatter seen in ROLO lunar irradiance comparisons of multiple spacecraft instruments that have viewed the Moon. A field calibration campaign involving NASA and NIST has been initiated that ties the ROLO lunar measurements to the NIST (SI) radiometric scale.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems IX","conferenceDate":"2 August 2004 through 6 August 2004","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.560236","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., and Kieffer, H.H., 2004, Assessment of uncertainty in ROLO lunar irradiance for on-orbit calibration, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5542, Denver, CO, 2 August 2004 through 6 August 2004, p. 300-310, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560236.","startPage":"300","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208447,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.560236"}],"volume":"5542","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee6ce4b0c8380cd49d54","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes, W.L.","contributorId":112262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508868,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}