{"pageNumber":"1005","pageRowStart":"25100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70026667,"text":"70026667 - 2004 - Shear wave velocity variation across the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, from receiver function inversion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T08:15:13","indexId":"70026667","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear wave velocity variation across the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, from receiver function inversion","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand is a region characterized by very high magma eruption rates and extremely high heat flow, which is manifest in high-temperature geothermal waters. The shear wave velocity structure across the region is inferred using non-linear inversion of receiver functions, which were derived from teleseismic earthquake data. Results from the non-linear inversion, and from forward synthetic modelling, indicate low&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;velocities at ∼6–16 km depth near the Rotorua and Reporoa calderas. We infer these low-velocity layers to represent the presence of high-level bodies of partial melt associated with the volcanism. Receiver functions at other stations are complicated by reverberations associated with near-surface sedimentary layers. The receiver function data also indicate that the Moho lies between 25 and 30 km, deeper than the 15 ± 2 km depth previously inferred for the crust–mantle boundary beneath the TVZ.</span>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02384.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Bannister, S., Bryan, C., and Bibby, H., 2004, Shear wave velocity variation across the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, from receiver function inversion: Geophysical Journal International, v. 159, no. 1, p. 291-310, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02384.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02384.x"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":" Taupo volcanic zone     ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              175.67138671875,\n              -39.00211029922513\n            ],\n            [\n              176.1383056640625,\n              -39.00211029922513\n            ],\n            [\n              176.1383056640625,\n              -38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              175.67138671875,\n              -38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              175.67138671875,\n              -39.00211029922513\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n    ","volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e58e4b08c986b3188ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bannister, S.","contributorId":40355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannister","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryan, C.J.","contributorId":39560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bibby, H.M.","contributorId":21738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibby","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026156,"text":"70026156 - 2004 - The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026156","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations","docAbstract":"The configuration and performance of a new global atmosphere and land model for climate research developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are presented. The atmosphere model, known as AM2, includes a new gridpoint dynamical core, a prognostic cloud scheme, and a multispecies aerosol climatology, as well as components from previous models used at GFDL. The land model, known as LM2, includes soil sensible and latent heat storage, groundwater storage, and stomatal resistance. The performance of the coupled model AM2-LM2 is evaluated with a series of prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) simulations. Particular focus is given to the model's climatology and the characteristics of interannual variability related to El Nin??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). One AM2-LM2 integration was perfor med according to the prescriptions of the second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP II) and data were submitted to the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI). Particular strengths of AM2-LM2, as judged by comparison to other models participating in AMIP II, include its circulation and distributions of precipitation. Prominent problems of AM2-LM2 include a cold bias to surface and tropospheric temperatures, weak tropical cyclone activity, and weak tropical intraseasonal activity associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation. An ensemble of 10 AM2-LM 2 integrations with observed SSTs for the second half of the twentieth century permits a statistically reliable assessment of the model's response to ENSO. In general, AM2-LM2 produces a realistic simulation of the anomalies in tropical precipitation and extratropical circulation that are associated with ENSO. ?? 2004 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Anderson, J.L., Balaji, V., Broccoli, A., Cooke, W., Delworth, T., Dixon, K., Donner, L., Dunne, K., Freidenreich, S., Garner, S., Gudgel, R., Gordon, C., Held, I., Hemler, R., Horowitz, L., Klein, S., Knutson, T., Kushner, P., Langenhost, A., Lau, N., Liang, Z., Malyshev, S., Milly, P., Nath, M., Ploshay, J., Ramaswamy, V., Schwarzkopf, M., Shevliakova, E., Sirutis, J., Soden, B., Stern, W., Thompson, L., Wilson, R., Wittenberg, A., and Wyman, B., 2004, The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations: Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 24, p. 4641-4673.","startPage":"4641","endPage":"4673","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae11e4b08c986b323eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balaji, V.","contributorId":18152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balaji","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broccoli, A.J.","contributorId":75313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broccoli","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooke, W.F.","contributorId":96884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delworth, T.L.","contributorId":56421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delworth","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, K.W.","contributorId":107075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Donner, L.J.","contributorId":7475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donner","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Freidenreich, S.M.","contributorId":45089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freidenreich","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Garner, S.T.","contributorId":18944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gudgel, R.G.","contributorId":80051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudgel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gordon, C.T.","contributorId":103453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Held, I.M.","contributorId":66895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Held","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hemler, R.S.","contributorId":58067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemler","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Horowitz, L.W.","contributorId":18945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Klein, S.A.","contributorId":47954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Knutson, T.R.","contributorId":106680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kushner, P.J.","contributorId":107473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kushner","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Langenhost, A.R.","contributorId":15804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenhost","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lau, N.-C.","contributorId":59998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lau","given":"N.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Liang, Z.","contributorId":72573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Malyshev, S.L.","contributorId":14170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Nath, M.J.","contributorId":101855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nath","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Ploshay, J.J.","contributorId":39171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ploshay","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Ramaswamy, V.","contributorId":38748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramaswamy","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Schwarzkopf, M.D.","contributorId":12664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzkopf","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":27238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Sirutis, J.J.","contributorId":78918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sirutis","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Soden, B.J.","contributorId":107474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soden","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Stern, W.F.","contributorId":54777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Thompson, L.A.","contributorId":37928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Wilson, R.J.","contributorId":86543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Wittenberg, A.T.","contributorId":70163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Wyman, B.L.","contributorId":37929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyman","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35}]}}
,{"id":70026501,"text":"70026501 - 2004 - Macroscopic and microscopic observations of particle-facilitated mercury transport from New Idria and Sulphur Bank mercury mine tailings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026501","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroscopic and microscopic observations of particle-facilitated mercury transport from New Idria and Sulphur Bank mercury mine tailings","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) release from inoperative Hg mines in the California Coast Range has been documented, but little is known about the release and transport mechanisms. In this study, tailings from Hg mines located in different geologic settings-New Idria (NI), a Si-carbonate Hg deposit, and Sulphur Bank (SB), a hot-spring Hg deposit-were characterized, and particle release from these wastes was studied in column experiments to (1) investigate the mechanisms of Hg release from NI and SB mine wastes, (2) determine the speciation of particle-bound Hg released from the mine wastes, and (3) determine the effect of calcinations on Hg release processes. The physical and chemical properties of tailings and the colloids released from them were determined using chemical analyses, selective chemical extractions, XRD, SEM, TEM, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The total Hg concentration in tailings increased with decreasing particle size in NI and SB calcines (roasted ore), but reached a maximum at an intermediate particle size in the SB waste rock (unroasted ore). Hg in the tailings exists predominantly as low-solubility HgS (cinnabar and metacinnabar), with NI calcines having >50% HgS, SB calcines having >89% HgS, and SB waste rock having ???100% HgS. Leaching experiments with a high-ionic-strength solution (0.1 M NaCl) resulted in a rapid but brief release of soluble and particulate Hg. Lowering the ionic strength of the leach solution (0.005 M NaCl) resulted in the release of colloidal Hg from two of the three mine wastes studied (NI calcines and SB waste rock). Colloid-associated Hg accounts for as much as 95% of the Hg released during episodic particle release. Colloids generated from the NI calcines are produced by a breakup and release mechanism and consist of hematite, jarosite/alunite, and Al-Si gel with particle sizes of 10-200 nm. ATEM and XAFS analyses indicate that the majority (???78%) of the mercury is present in the form of HgS. SB calcines also produced HgS colloids. The colloids generated from the SB waste rock were heterogeneous and varied in composition according to the column influent composition. ATEM and XAFS results indicate that Hg is entirely in the HgS form. Data from this study identify colloidal HgS as the dominant transported form of Hg from these mine waste materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es034636c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lowry, G., Shaw, S., Kim, C., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2004, Macroscopic and microscopic observations of particle-facilitated mercury transport from New Idria and Sulphur Bank mercury mine tailings: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 19, p. 5101-5111, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034636c.","startPage":"5101","endPage":"5111","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es034636c"},{"id":234129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b24e4b0c8380cd6930d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowry, G.V.","contributorId":53567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, S.","contributorId":13414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, C.S.","contributorId":54365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53436,"text":"ofr20041017 - 2004 - Invertebrate Paleontology of the Wilson Grove Formation (Late Miocene to Late Pliocene), Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, with some Observations on Its Stratigraphy, Thickness, and Structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20041017","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1017","title":"Invertebrate Paleontology of the Wilson Grove Formation (Late Miocene to Late Pliocene), Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, with some Observations on Its Stratigraphy, Thickness, and Structure","docAbstract":"The Wilson Grove Formation is exposed from Petaluma north to northern Santa Rosa, and from Bennett Valley west to Bodega Bay. A fauna of at least 107 invertebrate taxa consisting of two brachiopods, 95 mollusks (48 bivalves and 46 gastropods), at least eight arthropods, and at least two echinoids have been collected, ranging in age from late Miocene to late Pliocene. Rocks and fossils from the southwest part of the outcrop area, along the Estero de San Antonio, were deposited in a deep-water marine environment. At Meacham Hill, near the Stony Point Rock Quarry, and along the northern margin of the outcrop area at River Road and Wilson Grove, the Wilson Grove Formation was deposited in shallow marine to continental environments. At Meacham Hill, these shallow water deposits represent a brackish bay to continental environment, whereas at River Road and Wilson Grove, fossils suggest normal, euhaline (normal marine salinity) conditions. \r\n\r\nA few taxa from the River Road area suggest water temperatures slightly warmer than along the adjacent coast today because their modern ranges do not extend as far north in latitude as River Road. In addition, fossil collections from along River Road contain the bivalve mollusks Macoma addicotti (Nikas) and Nuttallia jamesii Roth and Naidu, both of which are restricted to the late Pliocene. The late Miocene Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992) also crops out northeast of the River Road area and underlies the late Pliocene section at Wilson Grove by almost 300 m. Outcrops in the central part of the region are older than those to the northeast, and presumably younger than deposits to the southwest. The Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992) occurs at Steinbeck Ranch in the central portion of the outcrop area. At Spring Hill, also in the central part of the outcrop area, the sanddollar Scutellaster sp., cf. S. oregonensis (Clark) has been recently collected. This species, questionably identified here, is restricted to the late Miocene from central California through Oregon. Outcrops at Salmon Creek, northeast of Steinbeck Ranch and also in the central part of the outcrop area, contain Aulacofusus? recurva (Gabb) and Turcica brevis Stewart, which are both restricted to the Pliocene, as well as Lirabuccinum portolaensis (Arnold) known from the early Pliocene of central and northern California and into the late Pliocene in southern California. These data suggest an overall pattern of older rocks and deeper water to the south and west, and younger rocks and shallower water to the east and north. Outcrops to the southwest, south of the Bloomfield fault, are not well dated but presumably are older than the late Miocene Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992). Fossils in this part of the section are rare and are not useful in determining a precise age or environment of deposition for the lower part of the Wilson Grove Formation. However, sedimentary sequences and structures in the rocks here are useful and suggest probable outer shelf and slope water depths. Lituyapecten turneri (Arnold) which occurs in this part of the section has previously been restricted to the Pliocene, but its occurrence below the Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992) indicates a revised late Miocene age for this taxon.\r\n\r\nThree possibly new gastropods (Mollusca) are reported here: Calyptraea (Trochita) n. sp. and Nucella sp., aff. N. lamellosa (Gmelin), both from the Bloomfield Quarry area, and Acanthinucella? n. sp. from the River Road area. These species are not described here because this venue is deemed insufficient for the description of new taxa.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041017","usgsCitation":"Powell, C.L., Allen, J., and Holland, P.J., 2004, Invertebrate Paleontology of the Wilson Grove Formation (Late Miocene to Late Pliocene), Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, with some Observations on Its Stratigraphy, Thickness, and Structure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1017, 105 p.; 2 over-sized sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041017.","productDescription":"105 p.; 2 over-sized sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5216,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b7e4b07f02db534581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, James R.","contributorId":51840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, Peter J.","contributorId":75220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027032,"text":"70027032 - 2004 - Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:30:18","indexId":"70027032","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field mapping of young lava flows at Aleutian volcanoes is logistically difficult, and the utility of optical images from aircraft or satellites for this purpose is greatly reduced by persistent cloud cover. These factors have hampered earlier estimates of the areas and volumes of three young lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, including its most recent (1991–1992) flow. We combined information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with multispectral Landsat-7 data to differentiate the 1991–1992 flow from the 1964 flow and a pre-1964 flow, and to calculate the flow areas (8.4, 9.2, and 7.3 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, respectively). By differencing a digital elevation model (DEM) from the 1970–1980s with a DEM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in February 2000, we estimated the average thickness of the 1991–1992 flow to be 13 m, which reasonably agrees with field observations (5–10 m). Lava-flow maps produced in this way can be used to facilitate field mapping and flow-hazards assessment, and to study magma-supply dynamics and thus to anticipate future eruptive activity. Based on the recurrence interval of recent eruptions and the results of this study, the next eruption at Westdahl may occur before the end of this decade.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Rykhus, R., Masterlark, T., and Dean, K., 2004, Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 345-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Westdahl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.79629516601562,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.43237304687497,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.43237304687497,\n              54.59593668117202\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.79629516601562,\n              54.59593668117202\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.79629516601562,\n              54.44449176335762\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5072e4b0c8380cd6b6c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027029,"text":"70027029 - 2004 - Use of spatial statistics and isotopic tracers to measure the influence of arsenical pesticide use on stream sediment chemistry in New England, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027029","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of spatial statistics and isotopic tracers to measure the influence of arsenical pesticide use on stream sediment chemistry in New England, USA","docAbstract":"Arsenical pesticides and herbicides, principally Pb arsenate, Ca arsenate, and Na arsenate with lesser use of other metal-As pesticides, were widely applied on apple, blueberry, and potato crops in New England during the first half of the twentieth century. Agricultural census data for this time period is used to define an agricultural index that identifies areas that are inferred to have used arsenical pesticides extensively. Factor analysis on metal concentrations in 1597 stream sediment samples collected throughout New England, grouped by agricultural-index categories, indicate a positive association of areas with stream sediment sample populations that contain higher As and Pb concentrations than samples from the region as a whole with sample site settings having high agricultural-index values. Population statistics for As and Pb concentrations and factor scores for an As-Pb factor all increase systematically and significantly with increasing agricultural-index intensity in the region, as tested by Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Lead isotope compositions for 16 stream sediments from a range of agricultural-index settings generally overlap the observed variation in rock sulfides and their weathering products; however, sediments collected from high agricultural-index settings have slightly more radiogenic Pb compositions, consistent with an industrial Pb contribution to these samples. Although weathering products from rocks are likely to be the dominant source of As and metals to most of the stream sediment samples collected in the region, the widespread use of arsenical pesticides and herbicides in New England during the early 1900-1960s appears to be a significant anthropogenic source of As and metals to many sediments in agricultural areas in the region and has raised background levels of As in some regions. Elevated concentrations of As in stream sediments are of concern for two reasons. Stream sediments with elevated As concentrations delineate areas with elevated background concentrations of As from both natural rock and anthropogenic sources that may contribute As to groundwater systems used for drinking water supplies. Conversion of agricultural land contaminated with arsenical pesticide residues to residential development may increase the likelihood that humans will be exposed to As. In addition, many stream sediment sites have As concentrations that exceed sediment quality guidelines established for freshwater ecosystems. Thirteen percent of the New England sediment sample sites exceed 9.79 mg/kg As, the threshold effects concentration (TEC), below which harmful effects are unlikely to be observed. Arsenic concentrations exceed 33 mg/kg, the probable effects concentration (PEC), above which harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are expected to occur frequently, at 1.25% of the sediment sample sites. The sample sites that exceed the PEC value occur predominately in agricultural areas that used arsenical pesticides.","largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., and Ayuso, R., 2004, Use of spatial statistics and isotopic tracers to measure the influence of arsenical pesticide use on stream sediment chemistry in New England, USA, <i>in</i> Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1097-1110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.009.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.009"}],"volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf82e4b08c986b329bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026466,"text":"70026466 - 2004 - Estimating accumulation rates and physical properties of sediment behind a dam: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:04:01","indexId":"70026466","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating accumulation rates and physical properties of sediment behind a dam: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies of reservoir sedimentation are vital to understanding scientific and management issues related to watershed sediment budgets, depositional processes, reservoir operations, and dam decommissioning. Here we quantify the mass, organic content, and grain-size distribution of a reservoir deposit in northern California by two methods of extrapolating measurements of sediment physical properties from cores to the entire volume of impounded material. Englebright Dam, completed in 1940, is located on the Yuba River in the Sierra Nevada foothills. A research program is underway to assess the feasibility of introducing wild anadromous fish species to the river upstream of the dam. Possible management scenarios include removing or lowering the dam, which could cause downstream transport of stored sediment. In 2001 the volume of sediments deposited behind Englebright Dam occupied 25.5% of the original reservoir capacity. The physical properties of this deposit were calculated using data from a coring campaign that sampled the entire reservoir sediment thickness (6&ndash;32 m) at six locations in the downstream &sim;3/4 of the reservoir. As a result, the sediment in the downstream part of the reservoir is well characterized, but in the coarse, upstream part of the reservoir, only surficial sediments were sampled, so calculations there are more uncertain. Extrapolation from one-dimensional vertical sections of sediment sampled in cores to entire three-dimensional volumes of the reservoir deposit is accomplished via two methods, using assumptions of variable and constant layer thickness. Overall, the two extrapolation methods yield nearly identical estimates of the mass of the reservoir deposit of &sim;26 &times; 10</span><span>6</span><span>&nbsp;metric tons (t) of material, of which 64.7&ndash;68.5% is sand and gravel. Over the 61 year reservoir history this corresponds to a maximum basin-wide sediment yield of &sim;340 t/km</span><span>2</span><span>/yr, assuming no contribution from upstream parts of the watershed impounded by other dams. The uncertainties and limitations of the estimates of overall sediment quantities are discussed. Implications for watershed management and future reservoir sedimentation studies are also presented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003279","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N.P., Rubin, D.M., Alpers, C.N., Childs, J.R., Curtis, J.A., Flint, L.E., and Wright, S., 2004, Estimating accumulation rates and physical properties of sediment behind a dam: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 11, Article W11301; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003279.","productDescription":"Article W11301; 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Englebright Lake, Yuba River","volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b08e4b0c8380cd52523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Noah P.","contributorId":198029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026357,"text":"70026357 - 2004 - Baseflow contribution to nitrate-nitrogen export from a large, agricultural watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026357","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseflow contribution to nitrate-nitrogen export from a large, agricultural watershed, USA","docAbstract":"Nitrate-nitrogen export from the Raccoon River watershed in west-central Iowa is among the highest in the United State and contributes to impairment of downstream water quality. We examined a rare long-term record of streamflow and nitrate concentration data (1972-2000) to evaluate annual and seasonal patterns of nitrate losses in streamflow and baseflow from the Raccoon River. Combining hydrograph separation with a load estimation program, we estimated that baseflow contributes approximately two-thirds (17.3 kg/ha) of the mean annual nitrate export (26.1 kg/ha). Baseflow transport was greatest in spring and late fall when baseflow contributed more than 80% of the total export. Herein we propose a 'baseflow enrichment ratio' (BER) to describe the relation of baseflow water with baseflow nitrate loads. The long-term ratio of 1.23 for the Raccoon River suggests preferential leaching of nitrate to baseflow. Seasonal patterns of the BER identified the strong link between the baseflow nitrate loads and seasonal crop nitrogen requirements. Study results demonstrate the utility of assessing the baseflow contribution to nitrate loads to identify appropriate control strategies for reducing baseflow delivery of nitrate. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K., and Zhang, Y., 2004, Baseflow contribution to nitrate-nitrogen export from a large, agricultural watershed, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 295, no. 1-4, p. 305-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010.","startPage":"305","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010"},{"id":234120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"295","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efd5e4b0c8380cd4a48f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K.","contributorId":101423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026293,"text":"70026293 - 2004 - Illinois drainage water management demonstration project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026293","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Illinois drainage water management demonstration project","docAbstract":"Due to naturally high water tables and flat topography, there are approximately 4 million ha (10 million ac) of farmland artificially drained with subsurface (tile) systems in Illinois. Subsurface drainage is practiced to insure trafficable field conditions for farm equipment and to reduce crop stress from excess water within the root zone. Although drainage is essential for economic crop production, there have been some significant environmental costs. Tile drainage systems tend to intercept nutrient (nitrate) rich soil-water and shunt it to surface water. Data from numerous monitoring studies have shown that a significant amount of the total nitrate load in Illinois is being delivered to surface water from tile drainage systems. In Illinois, these drainage systems are typically installed without control mechanisms and allow the soil to drain whenever the water table is above the elevation of the tile outlet. An assessment of water quality in the tile drained areas of Illinois showed that approximately 50 percent of the nitrate load was being delivered through the tile systems during the fallow period when there was no production need for drainage to occur. In 1998, a demonstration project to introduce drainage water management to producers in Illinois was initiated by NRCS4 An initial aspect of the project was to identify producers that were willing to manage their drainage system to create a raised water table during the fallow (November-March) period. Financial assistance from two federal programs was used to assist producers in retrofitting the existing drainage systems with control structures. Growers were also provided guidance on the management of the structures for both water quality and production benefits. Some of the retrofitted systems were monitored to determine the effect of the practice on water quality. This paper provides background on the water quality impacts of tile drainage in Illinois, the status of the demonstration project, preliminary monitoring results, and other observations.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 8th International Drainage Symposium - Drainage VIII","conferenceTitle":"8th International Drainage Symposium - Drainage VIII","conferenceDate":"21 March 2004 through 24 March 2004","conferenceLocation":"Sacramento, CA","language":"English","isbn":"1892769360","usgsCitation":"Pitts, D., Cooke, R., and Terrio, P.J., 2004, Illinois drainage water management demonstration project, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 8th International Drainage Symposium - Drainage VIII, Sacramento, CA, 21 March 2004 through 24 March 2004, p. 25-38.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a386de4b0c8380cd6157c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cooke R.A.","contributorId":128333,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Cooke R.A.","id":536590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Pitts, D.J.","contributorId":90511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, R.","contributorId":11561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrio, P. J.","contributorId":11645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026321,"text":"70026321 - 2004 - Methods for determining manning's coefficients for Illinois streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026321","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methods for determining manning's coefficients for Illinois streams","docAbstract":"Determination of Manning's coefficient, n, for natural streams remains a challenge in practices. One source for determining the n-values that has received practitioners' attention is presenting the n-values determined from field data (measured discharge and water-surface slope) in combination of photographs and site descriptions (ancillary information). Further improvements in the visual approach can be made in presenting site characteristics and describing site ancillary information. In this manner, users can use the presented information for sites of interest with similar features. This approach in a current project on the subject for Illinois streams is discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management","conferenceTitle":"2004 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management","conferenceDate":"27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","isbn":"0784407371","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Halfar, T., Jupin, M., and Wobig, L., 2004, Methods for determining manning's coefficients for Illinois streams, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management, Salt Lake City, UT, 27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004, p. 1354-1363.","startPage":"1354","endPage":"1363","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55afe4b0c8380cd6d26c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","contributorId":128420,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","id":536593,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Soong, D.T.","contributorId":85430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halfar, T.M.","contributorId":9729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halfar","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jupin, M.A.","contributorId":54479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jupin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wobig, L.A.","contributorId":56939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wobig","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027165,"text":"70027165 - 2004 - Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T15:58:38.188055","indexId":"70027165","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake","docAbstract":"<p>Double-crested Cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) increased dramatically in North America during the 1990s, providing the opportunity to study the effects of an increase of a top predator on an existing predator-prey system. In Oneida Lake, New York, USA, Double-crested Cormorants were first observed nesting in 1984 and had increased to over 360 nesting pairs by 2000. Concomitant with this increase in piscivorous birds was a decrease in the adult walleye (<i>Stizostedion vitreum</i>) and yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) populations. Analysis of a 40-yr data series shows higher mortality of subadults (age 1-2 yr perch and age 1-3 yr walleye) for both species in the 1990s compared to the previous three decades. Cormorant diet was investigated from 1995 to 2000 using a combination of cast pellets, regurgitants, and stomach analysis. Walleye and yellow perch were a major portion of the cormorant diet during these years (40-82% by number). The number of subadult walleye and yellow perch consumed by cormorants suggests that the increase in subadult mortality can be explained by predation from cormorants. Mean mortality rates of adult percids attributed to cormorant predation were 1.1% per year for walleye and 7.7% per year for yellow perch. Our analysis suggests that predation by cormorants on subadult percids is a major factor contributing to the decline in both the walleye and the yellow perch populations in Oneida Lake. Other ecosystem changes (zebra mussels, lower nutrient loading, decrease in alternate prey) are not likely explanations because the potential mechanisms involved are not consistent with auxiliary data from the lake and would not affect subadult mortality. The likely impact of bird predation on percid populations in Oneida Lake occurs because cormorants feed on larger fish that are beyond the size range where compensatory mechanisms are important.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/03-5010","usgsCitation":"Rudstam, L.G., VanDeValk, A., Adams, C., Coleman, J., Forney, J., and Richmond, M.E., 2004, Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake: Ecological Applications, v. 14, no. 1, p. 149-163, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.14898681640625,\n              43.23319741022136\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.12701416015624,\n              43.2151850073567\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.03363037109374,\n              43.167125915000284\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8770751953125,\n              43.13907396889933\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7177734375,\n              43.153101551466385\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.71502685546875,\n              43.19916951473751\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7232666015625,\n              43.24520272203356\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.80841064453125,\n              43.2432020009995\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.92926025390625,\n              43.257205668363206\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.15447998046875,\n              43.257205668363206\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.14898681640625,\n              43.23319741022136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc1ce4b0c8380cd4e10f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanDeValk, A.J.","contributorId":51071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeValk","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, C.M.","contributorId":36483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, J.T.H.","contributorId":86156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"J.T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forney, J.L.","contributorId":47133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richmond, M. E.","contributorId":22729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026265,"text":"70026265 - 2004 - Study on geophone coupling and attenuating compensatory of low-depression velocity layer in desert area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026265","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Study on geophone coupling and attenuating compensatory of low-depression velocity layer in desert area","docAbstract":"In a desert area, it is difficult to couple geophones with dry sands. A low and depression velocity layer can seriously attenuate high frequency components of seismic data. Therefore, resolution and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of seismic data deteriorate. To enhance resolution and S/N ratio of seismic data, we designed a coupling compensatory inverse filter by using the single trace seismic data from Seismic Wave Detect System (SWDS) and common receivers on equal conditions. We designed an attenuating compensatory inverse filter by using seismic data from a microseismogram log. At last, in order to convert a shot gather from common receivers to a shot gather from SWDS, we applied the coupling compensatory inverse filter to the shot gather from common receivers. And then we applied the attenuating compensatory inverse filter to the coupling stacked seismic data to increase its resolution and S/N ratio. The results show that the resolution of seismic data from common receivers after processing by using the coupling compensatory inverse filter is nearly comparable with that of data from SWDS. It is also found that the resolution and S/N ratio have been enhanced after the use of attenuating compensatory inverse filter. From the results, we can conclude that the filters can compensate high frequencies of seismic data. Moreover, the low frequency changed nearly.","largerWorkTitle":"Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004","conferenceTitle":"Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004","conferenceDate":"6 June 2004 through 9 June 2004","conferenceLocation":"Wuhan","language":"English","isbn":"1880132974","usgsCitation":"Shi, Z., Tian, G., Dong, S., Xia, J., and He, H., 2004, Study on geophone coupling and attenuating compensatory of low-depression velocity layer in desert area, <i>in</i> Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004, Wuhan, 6 June 2004 through 9 June 2004, p. 131-134.","startPage":"131","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cdfe4b08c986b31d4f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chen C.Xia J.","contributorId":128353,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chen C.Xia J.","id":536588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shi, Z.","contributorId":42002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tian, G.","contributorId":58425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, S.","contributorId":18548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"He, H.","contributorId":36722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026148,"text":"70026148 - 2004 - JuxtaView - A tool for interactive visualization of large imagery on scalable tiled displays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-16T10:56:17.03009","indexId":"70026148","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"JuxtaView - A tool for interactive visualization of large imagery on scalable tiled displays","docAbstract":"JuxtaView is a cluster-based application for viewing ultra-high-resolution images on scalable tiled displays. We present in JuxtaView, a new parallel computing and distributed memory approach for out-of-core montage visualization, using LambdaRAM, a software-based network-level cache system. The ultimate goal of JuxtaView is to enable a user to interactively roam through potentially terabytes of distributed, spatially referenced image data such as those from electron microscopes, satellites and aerial photographs. In working towards this goal, we describe our first prototype implemented over a local area network, where the image is distributed using LambdaRAM, on the memory of all nodes of a PC cluster driving a tiled display wall. Aggressive pre-fetching schemes employed by LambdaRAM help to reduce latency involved in remote memory access. We compare LambdaRAM with a more traditional memory-mapped file approach for out-of-core visualization. ?? 2004 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, ICCC","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, ICCC 2004","conferenceDate":"September 20-23, 2004","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392640","usgsCitation":"Krishnaprasad, N.K., Vishwanath, V., Venkataraman, S., Rao, A.G., Renambot, L., Leigh, J., Johnson, A., and Davis, B., 2004, JuxtaView - A tool for interactive visualization of large imagery on scalable tiled displays, <i>in</i> Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, ICCC, San Diego, CA, September 20-23, 2004, p. 411-420, https://doi.org/10.1109/CLUSTR.2004.1392640.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a403be4b0c8380cd64bce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krishnaprasad, N. K.","contributorId":84130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krishnaprasad","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vishwanath, V.","contributorId":82508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vishwanath","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Venkataraman, S.","contributorId":42400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Venkataraman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rao, A. G.","contributorId":26487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rao","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Renambot, L.","contributorId":97294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renambot","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leigh, J.","contributorId":108292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leigh","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, A.E.","contributorId":61614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davis, B.","contributorId":83317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026275,"text":"70026275 - 2004 - The effects of wavelet compression on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T16:24:38.47139","indexId":"70026275","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The effects of wavelet compression on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)","docAbstract":"This paper investigates the effects of lossy compression on floating-point digital elevation models using the discrete wavelet transform. The compression of elevation data poses a different set of problems and concerns than does the compression of images. Most notably, the usefulness of DEMs depends largely in the quality of their derivatives, such as slope and aspect. Three areas extracted from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Elevation Dataset were transformed to the wavelet domain using the third order filters of the Daubechies family (DAUB6), and were made sparse by setting 95 percent of the smallest wavelet coefficients to zero. The resulting raster is compressible to a corresponding degree. The effects of the nulled coefficients on the reconstructed DEM are noted as residuals in elevation, derived slope and aspect, and delineation of drainage basins and streamlines. A simple masking technique also is presented, that maintains the integrity and flatness of water bodies in the reconstructed DEM.","largerWorkTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium proceedings","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium : Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"Sep 20-24, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2004.1369019","usgsCitation":"Oimoen, M., 2004, The effects of wavelet compression on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), <i>in</i> 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium proceedings, Anchorage, AK, Sep 20-24, 2004, p. 293-296, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2004.1369019.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babaee4b08c986b322fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oimoen, M. J. 0000-0003-3611-6227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6227","contributorId":99745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oimoen","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026706,"text":"70026706 - 2004 - Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026706","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars","docAbstract":"Chars originating from the burning or pyrolysis of vegetation may significantly sorb neutral organic contaminants (NOCs). To evaluate the relationship between the char composition and NOC sorption, a series of char samples were generated by pyrolyzing a wheat residue (Triticum aestivum L) for 6 h at temperatures between 300 ??C and 700 ??C and analyzed for their elemental compositions, surface areas, and surface functional groups. The samples were then studied for their abilities to sorb benzene and nitrobenzene from water. A commercial activated carbon was used as a reference carbonaceous sample. The char samples produced at high pyrolytic temperatures (500-700 ??C) were well carbonized and exhibited a relatively high surface area (>300 m2/g), little organic matter (<3%), and low oxygen content (???10%). By contrast, the chars formed at low temperatures (300-400 ??C) were only partially carbonized, showing significantly different properties (<200 m2/g surface area, 40-50% organic carbon, and >20% oxygen). The char samples exhibited a significant range of surface acidity/basicity because of their different surface polar-group contents, as characterized by the Boehm titration data and the NMR and FTIR spectra. The NOC sorption by high-temperature chars occurred almost exclusively by surface adsorption on carbonized surfaces, whereas the sorption by low-temperature chars resulted from the surface adsorption and the concurrent smaller partition into the residual organic-matter phase. The chars appeared to have a higher surface affinity for a polar solute (nitrobenzene) than for a nonpolar solute (benzene), the difference being related to the surface acidity/basicity of the char samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es035034w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chun, Y., Sheng, G., Chiou, G., and Xing, B., 2004, Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 17, p. 4649-4655, https://doi.org/10.1021/es035034w.","startPage":"4649","endPage":"4655","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208506,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035034w"}],"volume":"38","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93be4b0c8380cd4d4f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chun, Y.","contributorId":15802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chun","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheng, G.","contributorId":70961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, G.T.","contributorId":7471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xing, B.","contributorId":107896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xing","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026172,"text":"70026172 - 2004 - Development of regional liquefaction-induced deformation hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026172","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of regional liquefaction-induced deformation hazard maps","docAbstract":"This paper describes part of a project to assess the feasibility of producing regional (1:24,000-scale) liquefaction hazard maps that are based-on potential liquefaction-induced deformation. The study area is the central Santa Clara Valley, at the south end of San Francisco Bay in Central California. The information collected and used includes: a) detailed Quaternary geological mapping, b) over 650 geotechnical borings, c) probabilistic earthquake shaking information, and d) ground-water levels. Predictions of strain can be made using either empirical formulations or numerical simulations. In this project lateral spread displacements are estimated and new empirical relations to estimate future volumetric and shear strain are used. Geotechnical boring data to are used to: (a) develop isopach maps showing the thickness of sediment thatis likely to liquefy and deform under earthquake shaking; and (b) assess the variability in engineering properties within and between geologic map units. Preliminary results reveal that late Holocene deposits are likely to experience the greatest liquefaction-induced strains, while Holocene and late Pleistocene deposits are likely to experience significantly less horizontal and vertical strain in future earthquakes. Development of maps based on these analyses is feasible.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects: Proceedings of Geo-Trans 2004","conferenceDate":"27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Rosinski, A., Knudsen, K.L., Wu, J., Seed, R., and Real, C., 2004, Development of regional liquefaction-induced deformation hazard maps, <i>in</i> Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 126 I, Los Angeles, CA, 27 July 2004 through 31 July 2004, p. 797-806.","startPage":"797","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"126 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0061e4b0c8380cd4f722","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","contributorId":128426,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Yegian M.K.Kavazanjian E.","id":536581,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Rosinski, A.","contributorId":18150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosinski","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knudsen, Kathy L.","contributorId":41188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, J.","contributorId":56998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seed, R.B.","contributorId":34691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seed","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Real, C.R.","contributorId":45322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Real","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70184608,"text":"70184608 - 2004 - Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T07:58:48","indexId":"70184608","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural flow regimes in deep unsaturated zones of arid interfluvial environments are rarely in hydraulic equilibrium with near-surface boundary conditions imposed by present-day plant–soil–atmosphere dynamics. Nevertheless, assessments of water resources and contaminant transport require realistic estimates of gas, water, and solute fluxes under past, present, and projected conditions. Multimillennial transients that are captured in current hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic profiles can be interpreted to constrain alternative scenarios of paleohydrologic evolution following climatic and vegetational shifts from pluvial to arid conditions. However, interpreting profile data with numerical models presents formidable challenges in that boundary conditions must be prescribed throughout the entire Holocene, when we have at most a few decades of actual records. Models of profile development at the Amargosa Desert Research Site include substantial uncertainties from imperfectly known initial and boundary conditions when simulating flow and solute transport over millennial timescales. We show how multiple types of profile data, including matric potentials and porewater concentrations of Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>, δD, δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, can be used in multiphase heat, flow, and transport models to expose and reduce uncertainty in paleohydrologic reconstructions. Results indicate that a dramatic shift in the near-surface water balance occurred approximately 16000 yr ago, but that transitions in precipitation, temperature, and vegetation were not necessarily synchronous. The timing of the hydraulic transition imparts the largest uncertainty to model-predicted contemporary fluxes. In contrast, the uncertainties associated with initial (late Pleistocene) conditions and boundary conditions during the Holocene impart only small uncertainties to model-predicted contemporaneous fluxes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.0502","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Stonestrom, D.A., Andraski, B.J., and Striegl, R.G., 2004, Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, no. 2, p. 502-512, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0502.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"502","endPage":"512","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.92474365234375,\n              36.746587336189386\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.24496459960938,\n              36.20217441183449\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.83160400390626,\n              36.40470491509095\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.21475219726562,\n              36.6959520787169\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.68167114257812,\n              36.89499795802219\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.84234619140624,\n              36.97183825093165\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92474365234375,\n              36.746587336189386\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":682219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":682220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026898,"text":"70026898 - 2004 - Nitrate concentrations in Illinois rivers 1967 to 1974: Comparison among reporting agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T17:03:52.885893","indexId":"70026898","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate concentrations in Illinois rivers 1967 to 1974: Comparison among reporting agencies","docAbstract":"Long term data on surface water quality can sometimes be assembled by combining data collected by different agencies at different times and assuming that between agency differences in data quality are insignificant. The objective of this paper was to assess the quality of riverine nitrate (NO3) concentrations in Illinois measured and reported by four agencies from 1967 to 1974 by comparing median values for similar sampling locations and periods. A total of 17 river reaches were identified for which two agencies reported NO3 concentrations during similar periods. Nonparametric comparison of median values and analysis of covariance with discharge as a covariant produced similar results. Nitrate concentrations reported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 1967 to 1971 were not statistically (P > 0.05) different from values reported by the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) for two of three river reaches. Additionally, NO3 concentrations reported by USGS from 1972 to 1974 were not statistically different than concentrations reported by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) for four of five river reaches. From 1969 to 1971, NO3 concentrations reported by the Illinois Department of Public Heath and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IDPH/IEPA) were less than one-fourth the magnitude of values reported by ISWS. The median NO3 concentrations measured by the Central Illinois Public Service (CIPS) were significantly greater than those measured by USGS and IDPH/IEPA in the three comparable sampling locations. The use of NO 3 concentrations measured by CIPS and IDPH/IEPA prior to 1972 is not recommended.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01042.x","usgsCitation":"McIsaac, G., Short, M., Groschen, G., and Terrio, P., 2004, Nitrate concentrations in Illinois rivers 1967 to 1974: Comparison among reporting agencies: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 2, p. 443-459, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01042.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"459","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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0000-0002-1515-9570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-9570","contributorId":74931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000903,"text":"1000903 - 2004 - Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T12:17:52.592378","indexId":"1000903","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding fishing fleet dynamics is important when using fishery dependent data to infer the status of fish stocks. We analyzed data from mandatory catch reports from the commercial lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929–1961, a period when lake trout populations collapsed through the combined effects of overfishing and sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) predation. The number of full-time fishermen increased during 1933–1943 and then decreased during 1943–1957. Addition of new fishermen was related to past yield, market prices, World War II draft exemptions, and lost fishing opportunities in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Loss of existing fishermen was related to declining lake trout density. Large mesh (≥ 114-mm stretch-measure) gill net effort increased during 1929–1951 because fishermen fished more net inshore as lake trout density declined, even though catch per effort (CPE) was often higher in deeper waters. The most common gill net mesh size increased from 114-mm to 120-mm stretch-measure during 1929–1957, as lake trout growth increased. More effort was fished inshore than offshore and the amount of inshore effort was less variable over time than offshore effort. Relatively stable yield was maintained by increasing gill net effort and by moving some effort to better grounds. Because fishing-up caused yield and CPE to remain high despite declining lake trout abundance, caution must be used when basing goals for lake trout restoration on historical fishery indices.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70343-3","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, M.J., Bronte, C.R., and Hansen, M.J., 2004, Fleet dynamics of the commercial lake trout fishery in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1961: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 30, no. 2, p. 252-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70343-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41748046874999,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              46.543749602738565\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              46.73986059969267\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.04443359375,\n              47.487513008956554\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.11035156249999,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.78076171875,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47314453125,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.68212890625,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.06689453125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.078125,\n              46.66451741754235\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.01220703125,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.57275390625,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.10009765625,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8251953125,\n              47.30903424774781\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.4404296875,\n              47.53203824675999\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60498046875,\n              48.06339653776211\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.92333984375,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40673828125,\n              48.03401915864286\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Michael J.","contributorId":36494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156755,"text":"70156755 - 2004 - Land cover mapping of North and Central America—Global Land Cover 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T12:48:09","indexId":"70156755","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover mapping of North and Central America—Global Land Cover 2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Land Cover Map of North and Central America for the year 2000 (GLC 2000-NCA), prepared by NRCan/CCRS and USGS/EROS Data Centre (EDC) as a regional component of the Global Land Cover 2000 project, is the subject of this paper. A new mapping approach for transforming satellite observations acquired by the SPOT4/VGTETATION (VGT) sensor into land cover information is outlined. The procedure includes: (1) conversion of daily data into 10-day composite; (2) post-seasonal correction and refinement of apparent surface reflectance in 10-day composite images; and (3) extraction of land cover information from the composite images. The pre-processing and mosaicking techniques developed and used in this study proved to be very effective in removing cloud contamination, BRDF effects, and noise in Short Wave Infra-Red (SWIR). The GLC 2000-NCA land cover map is provided as a regional product with 28 land cover classes based on modified Federal Geographic Data Committee/Vegetation Classification Standard (FGDC NVCS) classification system, and as part of a global product with 22 land cover classes based on Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) of the Food and Agriculture Organisation. The map was compared on both areal and per-pixel bases over North and Central America to the International Geosphere&ndash;Biosphere Programme (IGBP) global land cover classification, the University of Maryland global land cover classification (UMd) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Global land cover classification produced by Boston University (BU). There was good agreement (79%) on the spatial distribution and areal extent of forest between GLC 2000-NCA and the other maps, however, GLC 2000-NCA provides additional information on the spatial distribution of forest types. The GLC 2000-NCA map was produced at the continental level incorporating specific needs of the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.002","usgsCitation":"Latifovic, R., and Zhu, Z., 2004, Land cover mapping of North and Central America—Global Land Cover 2000: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 89, no. 1, p. 116-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034bee4b0f42e3d040e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latifovic, Rasim","contributorId":147109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Latifovic","given":"Rasim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027260,"text":"70027260 - 2004 - Comparison of a new GIS-based technique and a manual method for determining sinkhole density: An example from Illinois' sinkhole plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70027260","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of a new GIS-based technique and a manual method for determining sinkhole density: An example from Illinois' sinkhole plain","docAbstract":"A new Geographic Information System (GIS) method was developed as an alternative to the hand-counting of sinkholes on topographic maps for density and distribution studies. Sinkhole counts were prepared by hand and compared to those generated from USGS DLG data using ArcView 3.2 and the ArcInfo Workstation component of ArcGIS 8.1 software. The study area for this investigation, chosen for its great density of sinkholes, included the 42 public land survey sections that reside entirely within the Renault Quadrangle in southwestern Illinois. Differences between the sinkhole counts derived from the two methods for the Renault Quadrangle study area were negligible. Although the initial development and refinement of the GIS method required considerably more time than counting sinkholes by hand, the flexibility of the GIS method is expected to provide significant long-term benefits and time savings when mapping larger areas and expanding research efforts. ?? 2004 by The National Speleological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Angel, J., Nelson, D., and Panno, S., 2004, Comparison of a new GIS-based technique and a manual method for determining sinkhole density: An example from Illinois' sinkhole plain: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 66, no. 1, p. 9-17.","startPage":"9","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84be4b0c8380cd4cfd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angel, J.C.","contributorId":13022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angel","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, D.O.","contributorId":51964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026380,"text":"70026380 - 2004 - Correlative weighted stacking for seismic data in the wavelet domain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026380","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Correlative weighted stacking for seismic data in the wavelet domain","docAbstract":"Horizontal stacking plays a crucial role for modern seismic data processing, for it not only compresses random noise and multiple reflections, but also provides a foundational data for subsequent migration and inversion. However, a number of examples showed that random noise in adjacent traces exhibits correlation and coherence. The average stacking and weighted stacking based on the conventional correlative function all result in false events, which are caused by noise. Wavelet transform and high order statistics are very useful methods for modern signal processing. The multiresolution analysis in wavelet theory can decompose signal on difference scales, and high order correlative function can inhibit correlative noise, for which the conventional correlative function is of no use. Based on the theory of wavelet transform and high order statistics, high order correlative weighted stacking (HOCWS) technique is presented in this paper. Its essence is to stack common midpoint gathers after the normal moveout correction by weight that is calculated through high order correlative statistics in the wavelet domain. Synthetic examples demonstrate its advantages in improving the signal to noise (S/N) ration and compressing the correlative random noise.","largerWorkTitle":"Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004","conferenceTitle":"Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004","conferenceDate":"6 June 2004 through 9 June 2004","conferenceLocation":"Wuhan","language":"English","isbn":"1880132974","usgsCitation":"Zhang, S., Xu, Y., and Xia, J., 2004, Correlative weighted stacking for seismic data in the wavelet domain, <i>in</i> Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, ICEEG 2004, Wuhan, 6 June 2004 through 9 June 2004, p. 161-165.","startPage":"161","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc52e4b0c8380cd4e217","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chen C.Xia J.","contributorId":128353,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chen C.Xia J.","id":536599,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, S.","contributorId":51064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026190,"text":"70026190 - 2004 - Surface rupture and slip distribution of the Denali and Totschunda faults in the 3 November 2002 M 7.9 earthquake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T16:43:56.403246","indexId":"70026190","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface rupture and slip distribution of the Denali and Totschunda faults in the 3 November 2002 M 7.9 earthquake, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 3 November 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake resulted in 341 km of surface rupture on the Susitna Glacier, Denali, and Totschunda faults. The rupture proceeded from west to east and began with a 48-km-long break on the previously unknown Susitna Glacier thrust fault. Slip on this thrust averaged about 4 m </span><span id=\"xref-ref-6-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">(Crone <i>et al.</i>, 2004)</span><span>. Next came the principal surface break, along 226 km of the Denali fault, with average right-lateral offsets of 4.5–5.1 m and a maximum offset of 8.8 m near its eastern end. The Denali fault trace is commonly left stepping and north side up. About 99 km of the fault ruptured through glacier ice, where the trace orientation was commonly influenced by local ice fabric. Finally, slip transferred southeastward onto the Totschunda fault and continued for another 66 km where dextral offsets average 1.6–1.8 m. The transition from the Denali fault to the Totschunda fault occurs over a complex 25-km-long transfer zone of right-slip and normal fault traces. Three methods of calculating average surface slip all yield a moment magnitude of </span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span> 7.8, in very good agreement with the seismologically determined magnitude of </span><strong>M</strong><span> 7.9. A comparison of strong-motion inversions for moment release with our slip distribution shows they have a similar pattern. The locations of the two largest pulses of moment release correlate with the locations of increasing steps in the average values of observed slip. This suggests that slip-distribution data can be used to infer moment release along other active fault traces.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040626","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Schwartz, D.P., Dawson, T.E., Stenner, H.D., Lienkaemper, J.J., Sherrod, B.L., Cinti, F.R., Montone, P., Craw, P., Crone, A.J., and Personius, S.F., 2004, Surface rupture and slip distribution of the Denali and Totschunda faults in the 3 November 2002 M 7.9 earthquake, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S23-S52, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040626.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"S23","endPage":"S52","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali Fault, Totschunda Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -140,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              58\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fbbe4b08c986b31e7d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":408375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. 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,{"id":70026730,"text":"70026730 - 2004 - Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026730","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks","docAbstract":"Interpretations of visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of Mars are often complicated by the effects of dust coatings that obscure the underlying materials of interest. The ability to separate the spectral reflectance signatures of coatings and substrates requires an understanding of how their individual and combined reflectance properties vary with phase angle. Toward this end, laboratory multispectral observations of rocks coated with different amounts of Mars analog dust were acquired under variable illumination and viewing geometries using the Bloomsburg University Goniometer (BUG). These bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data were fit with a two-layer radiative transfer model, which replicated BUG observations of dust-coated basaltic andesite substrates relatively well. Derived single scattering albedo and phase function parameters for the dust were useful in testing the model's ability to derive the spectrum of a \"blind\" substrate (unknown to the modeler) coated with dust. Subsequent tests were run using subsets of the BUG data restricted by goniometric or coating thickness coverage. Using the entire data set provided the best constraints on model parameters, although some reductions in goniometric coverage could be tolerated without substantial degradation. Predictably, the most thinly coated samples provided the best information on the substrate, whereas the thickest coatings best replicated the dust. Dust zenith optical thickness values ???0.6-0.8 best constrain the substrate and coating simultaneously, particularly for large ranges of incidence or emission angles. The lack of sufficient angles can be offset by having a greater number and range of coatings thicknesses. Given few angles and thicknesses, few constraints can be placed concurrently on the spectral properties of the coating and substrate. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Grundy, W., and Shepard, M., 2004, Visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometric observations and modeling of dust-coated rocks: Icarus, v. 171, no. 2, p. 546-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013.","startPage":"546","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.013"},{"id":234458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc28ce4b08c986b32abf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundy, W.M.","contributorId":12659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundy","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shepard, M.K.","contributorId":23725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026427,"text":"70026427 - 2004 - Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using a high-resolution isotopic technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026427","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using a high-resolution isotopic technique","docAbstract":"The denitrifier method to determine the dual isotopic composition (??15N and ??18O) of nitrate is well suited for studies of nitrogen contributions to streams during runoff events. This method requires only 70 nmol of NO3- and enables high throughput of samples. We studied nitrate sources to a headwater stream during snowmelt by generating a high-temporal resolution dataset at the Sleepers River Research Watershed in Vermont, USA. In the earliest phase of runoff, stream NO3- concentrations were highest and stream discharge, NO3- concentrations, and ??18O of NO 3- generally tracked one another during diurnal melting. The isotopic composition of stream NO3- varied in-between atmospheric and groundwater NO 3- end members indicating a direct contribution of atmospherically-derived NO3- from the snow pack to the stream. During the middle to late phases of snowmelt, the source shifted toward soil NO3- entering the stream via shallow subsurface flow paths. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004GL020908","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Ohte, N., Sebestyen, S., Shanley, J.B., Doctor, D., Kendall, C., Wankel, S.D., and Boyer, E., 2004, Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using a high-resolution isotopic technique: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020908.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478254,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020908","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020908"},{"id":234125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb696e4b08c986b326d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohte, N.","contributorId":16143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohte","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sebestyen, S.D.","contributorId":16142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, D.H.","contributorId":94773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":409484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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