{"pageNumber":"1007","pageRowStart":"25150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40818,"records":[{"id":70030653,"text":"70030653 - 2006 - Estimating hydraulic properties using a moving-model approach and multiple aquifer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030653","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating hydraulic properties using a moving-model approach and multiple aquifer tests","docAbstract":"A new method was developed for characterizing geohydrologic columns that extended >600 m deep at sites with as many as six discrete aquifers. This method was applied at 12 sites within the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Sites typically were equipped with multiple production wells, one for each aquifer and one or more observation wells per aquifer. The average hydraulic properties of the aquifers and confining units within radii of 30 to >300 m were characterized at each site. Aquifers were pumped individually and water levels were monitored in stressed and adjacent aquifers during each pumping event. Drawdowns at a site were interpreted using a radial numerical model that extended from land surface to the base of the geohydrologic column and simulated all pumping events. Conceptually, the radial model moves between stress periods and recenters on the production well during each test. Hydraulic conductivity was assumed homogeneous and isotropic within each aquifer and confining unit. Hydraulic property estimates for all of the aquifers and confining units were consistent and reasonable because results from multiple aquifers and pumping events were analyzed simultaneously. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00109.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Yobbi, D., 2006, Estimating hydraulic properties using a moving-model approach and multiple aquifer tests: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 284-291, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00109.x.","startPage":"284","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00109.x"},{"id":239078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b22e4b0c8380cd525b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yobbi, D.","contributorId":77735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030660,"text":"70030660 - 2006 - Glacial Lake Musselshell: Late Wisconsin slackwater on the Laurentide ice margin in central Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030660","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial Lake Musselshell: Late Wisconsin slackwater on the Laurentide ice margin in central Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Cosmogenic surface exposure ages of glacial boulders deposited in ice-marginal Lake Musselshell suggest that the lake existed between 20 and 11.5 ka during the Late Wisconsin glacial stage (MIS 2), rather than during the Late Illinoian stage (MIS 6) as traditionally thought. The altitude of the highest ice-rafted boulders and the lowest passes on the modern divide indicate that glacial lake water in the Musselshell River basin reached at least 920-930 m above sea level and generally remained below 940 m. Exposures of rhythmically bedded silt and fine sand indicate that Lake Musselshell is best described as a slackwater system, in which the ice-dammed Missouri and Musselshell Rivers rose and fell progressively throughout the existence of the lake rather than establishing a lake surface with a stable elevation. The absence of varves, deltas and shorelines also implies an unstable lake. The changing volume of the lake implies that the Laurentide ice sheet was not stable at its southernmost position in central Montana. A continuous sequence of alternating slackwater lake sediment and lacustrine sheetflood deposits indicates that at least three advances of the Laurentide ice sheet occurred in central Montana between 20 and 11.5 ka. Between each advance, it appears that Lake Musselshell drained to the north and formed two outlet channels that are now occupied by extremely underfit streams. A third outlet formed when the water in Lake Musselshell fully breached the Larb Hills, resulting in the final drainage of the lake. The channel through the Larb Hills is now occupied by the Missouri River, implying that the present Missouri River channel east of the Musselshell River confluence was not created until the Late Wisconsin, possibly as late as 11.5 ka. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.021","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Davis, N., Locke, W.W., Pierce, K.L., and Finkel, R., 2006, Glacial Lake Musselshell: Late Wisconsin slackwater on the Laurentide ice margin in central Montana, USA: Geomorphology, v. 75, no. 3-4, p. 330-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.021.","startPage":"330","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211818,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.021"},{"id":239183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28fbe4b0c8380cd5a5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, N.K.","contributorId":50727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, W. W. III","contributorId":62018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"W.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finkel, R.C.","contributorId":79677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030663,"text":"70030663 - 2006 - Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030663","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation","docAbstract":"We use the CREEP process-response model to simulate soil organic carbon accumulation in an undisturbed prairie site in Iowa. Our primary objectives are to identify spatial patterns of carbon accumulation, and explore the effect of erosion on basin-scale C accumulation. Our results point to two general findings. First, redistribution of soil carbon by erosion results in a net increase in basin-wide carbon storage relative to a noneroding environment. Landscape-average mean residence times are increased in an eroding landscape owing to the burial/preservation of otherwise labile C. Second, field observations taken along a slope transect may overlook significant intraslope variations in carbon accumulation. Spatial patterns of modeled deep C accumulation are complex. While surface carbon with its relatively short equilibration time is predictable from surface properties, deep carbon is strongly influenced by the landscape's geomorphic and climatic history, resulting in wide spatial variability. Convergence and divergence associated with upland swales and interfluves result in bimodal carbon distributions in upper and mid slopes; variability in carbon storage within modeled mid slopes was as high as simulated differences between erosional shoulders and depositional valley bottoms. The bimodality of mid-slope C variability in the model suggests that a three-dimensional sampling strategy is preferable over the traditional two-dimensional analog or \"catena\" approach. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JG000077","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rosenbloom, N., Harden, J., Neff, J.C., and Schimel, D.S., 2006, Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 111, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000077.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477455,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000077","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000077"},{"id":239250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2785e4b0c8380cd59972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbloom, N.A.","contributorId":11409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbloom","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schimel, D. S.","contributorId":84104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030665,"text":"70030665 - 2006 - Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:06:14","indexId":"70030665","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards","docAbstract":"Determining the likelihood of a disaster is a key component of any comprehensive hazard assessment. This is particularly true for tsunamis, even though most tsunami hazard assessments have in the past relied on scenario or deterministic type models. We discuss probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) from the standpoint of integrating computational methods with empirical analysis of past tsunami runup. PTHA is derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), with the main difference being that PTHA must account for far-field sources. The computational methods rely on numerical tsunami propagation models rather than empirical attenuation relationships as in PSHA in determining ground motions. Because a number of source parameters affect local tsunami runup height, PTHA can become complex and computationally intensive. Empirical analysis can function in one of two ways, depending on the length and completeness of the tsunami catalog. For site-specific studies where there is sufficient tsunami runup data available, hazard curves can primarily be derived from empirical analysis, with computational methods used to highlight deficiencies in the tsunami catalog. For region-wide analyses and sites where there are little to no tsunami data, a computationally based method such as Monte Carlo simulation is the primary method to establish tsunami hazards. Two case studies that describe how computational and empirical methods can be integrated are presented for Acapulco, Mexico (site-specific) and the U.S. Pacific Northwest coastline (region-wide analysis).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Parsons, T., 2006, Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards: Natural Hazards, v. 37, no. 3, p. 277-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z"},{"id":239252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c7be4b0c8380cd7e6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030667,"text":"70030667 - 2006 - Invasion in a diversity hotspot: Exotic cover and native richness in the Californian serpentine flora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T06:31:13","indexId":"70030667","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion in a diversity hotspot: Exotic cover and native richness in the Californian serpentine flora","docAbstract":"Exotic species have been observed to be more prevalent in sites where the richness of native species is highest, possibly reflecting variation among sites in resources, propagule supply, heterogeneity, or disturbance. However, such a pattern leaves unclear whether natives at species-rich sites are subject to especially severe impacts from exotics as a result. We considered this question using path models in which relationships between exotic cover and native richness were evaluated in the presence of correlated environmental factors. At 109 sites on serpentine soils across California, USA, exotic cover was positively correlated with total native herbaceous richness and was negatively correlated with the richness of both serpentine-endemic and rare native herbs. However, in path models that accounted for the influences of soil chemistry, disturbance, overstory cover, and regional rainfall and elevation, we found no indication that exotic cover reduced any component of native herb richness. Rather, our results indicated similarities and differences in the conditions favoring exotic, native, endemic, and rare species. Our results suggest that, in spite of some localized impacts, exotic species are not exerting a detectable overall effect on the community richness of the unique native flora of Californian serpentine. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/05-0778","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Harrison, S., Grace, J., Davies, K., Safford, H., and Viers, J., 2006, Invasion in a diversity hotspot: Exotic cover and native richness in the Californian serpentine flora: Ecology, v. 87, no. 3, p. 695-703, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0778.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"703","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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S.","contributorId":76129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davies, K.F.","contributorId":72586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Safford, H.D.","contributorId":22293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viers, J.H.","contributorId":46305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viers","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030668,"text":"70030668 - 2006 - Daily energy expenditure in free-ranging Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030668","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daily energy expenditure in free-ranging Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)","docAbstract":"Studies of ecological energetics in chelonians are rare. Here, we report the first measurements of daily energy expenditure (DEE) and water influx rates (WIRs) in free-ranging adult Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). We used the doubly labeled water (DLW) method to measure DEE in six adult tortoises during the non-breeding season in south-central Mississippi, USA. Tortoise DEE ranged from 76.7-187.5 kj/day and WIR ranged from 30.6-93.1 ml H2O/day. Daily energy expenditure did not differ between the sexes, but DEE was positively related to body mass. Water influx rates varied with the interaction of sex and body mass. We used a log/log regression model to assess the allometric relationship between DEE and body mass for Gopher Tortoises, Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), and Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina), the only chelonians for which DEE has been measured. The slope of this allometric model (0.626) was less than that previously calculated for herbivorous reptiles (0.813), suggesting that chelonians may expend energy at a slower rate per unit of body mass compared to other herbivorous reptiles. We used retrospective power analyses and data from the DLW isotope analyses to develop guidelines for sample sizes and duration of measurement intervals, respectively, for larger-scale energetic studies in this species. ?? 2006 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2006)006[0129:DEEIFG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Jodice, P., Epperson, D., and Visser, G.H., 2006, Daily energy expenditure in free-ranging Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus): Copeia, no. 1, p. 129-136, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2006)006[0129:DEEIFG]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"129","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2006)006[0129:DEEIFG]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd59e4b0c8380cd4e7bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jodice, P.G.R.","contributorId":79846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"P.G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epperson, D.M. 0000-0002-0567-4915","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-4915","contributorId":95246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epperson","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Visser, G. Henk","contributorId":105497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Visser","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Henk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030679,"text":"70030679 - 2006 - Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:33:39","indexId":"70030679","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Groundwater from remote parts of the Middle Rio Grande Basin in north-central New Mexico has perchlorate (ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) concentrations of 0.12−1.8 μg/L. Because the water samples are mostly preanthropogenic in age (0−28 000 years) and there are no industrial sources in the study area, a natural source of the ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is likely. Most of the samples have Br<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations that are similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric deposition with evapotranspiration (ET) factors of about 7−40. Most of the ET values for Pleistocene recharge were nearly twice that for Holocene recharge. The NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios are more variable than those of Br<sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup>. Samples thought to have recharged under the most arid conditions in the Holocene have relatively high NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios and low δ<sup>15</sup>N values (+1 per mil (‰)) similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric N deposition. The δ<sup>18</sup>O values of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(−4 to 0 ‰) indicate that atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was not transmitted directly to the groundwater but may have been cycled in the soils before infiltrating. Samples with nearly atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios have relatively high ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>concentrations (1.0−1.8 μg/L) with a nearly constant ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mole ratio of (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>4</sup>, which would be consistent with an average ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration of 0.093 ± 0.005 μg/L in bulk atmospheric deposition during the late Holocene in north-central NM. Samples thought to have recharged under wetter conditions have higher δ<sup>15</sup>N values (+3 to +8 ‰), lower NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios, and lower ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios than the ones most likely to preserve an atmospheric signal. Processes in the soils that may have depleted atmospherically derived NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>also may have depleted ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to varying degrees prior to recharge. If these interpretations are correct, then ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations of atmospheric origin as high as 4 μg/L are possible in preanthropogenic groundwater in parts of the Southwest where ET approaches a factor of 40. Higher ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations in uncontaminated groundwater could occur in recharge beneath arid areas where ET is greater than 40, where long-term accumulations of atmospheric salts are leached suddenly from dry soils, or where other (nonatmospheric) natural sources of ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>exist.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051739h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Böhlke, J., and Doughten, M., 2006, Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1757-1763, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051739h.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1757","endPage":"1763","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212055,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051739h"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7672e4b0c8380cd78103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030681,"text":"70030681 - 2006 - Limestone fluidized bed treatment of acid-impacted water at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030681","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limestone fluidized bed treatment of acid-impacted water at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Decades of atmospheric acid deposition have resulted in widespread lake and river acidification in the northeastern U.S. Biological effects of acidification include increased mortality of sensitive aquatic species such as the endangered Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a limestone-based fluidized bed system for the treatment of acid-impacted waters. The treatment system was tested at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery in East Orland, Maine over a period of 3 years. The product water from the treatment system was diluted with hatchery water to prepare water supplies with three different levels of alkalinity for testing of fish health and survival. Based on positive results from a prototype system used in the first year of the study, a larger demonstration system was used in the second and third years with the objective of decreasing operating costs. Carbon dioxide was used to accelerate limestone dissolution, and was the major factor in system performance, as evidenced by the model result: Alk = 72.84 ?? P(CO2)1/2; R2 = 0.975. No significant acidic incursions were noted for the control water over the course of the study. Had these incursions occurred, survivability in the untreated water would likely have been much more severely impacted. Treated water consistently provided elevated alkalinity and pH above that of the hatchery source water. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P., Watten, B., Haines, T., and Spaulding, B., 2006, Limestone fluidized bed treatment of acid-impacted water at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, Maine, USA: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 34, no. 2, p. 61-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003.","startPage":"61","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487586,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212081,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4785e4b0c8380cd678a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spaulding, B.W.","contributorId":107098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030682,"text":"70030682 - 2006 - Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","docAbstract":"We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That analysis considered only the final pressure differentials among boreholes that were assumed to represent osmotic equilibrium. For this study, the system evolution was modeled using a recently developed transient model for membrane transport. The model simulates hydraulically and chemically driven fluid and solute transport. The results yield an estimate of the thickness of the water film between the clay platelets b of 40 A??, which corresponds to an osmotic efficiency ?? of 0.21 for the ambient pore water salinity of 3.5 g/l TDS. These values largely confirm the results of the earlier equilibrium analysis. However, the new model analysis provides additional constraints suggesting that intrinsic permeability k = 1.4 ?? 10-19 m2, specific storage Ss = 1.7 ?? 10-5 m-1, and diffusion coefficient D* = 6 ?? 10-11 m2/s. The k value is larger than certain independent estimates which range from 10-21 to 10-20; it may indicate opening of microcracks during the experiments. The fact that the complex transient pressure and concentration behavior for the individual wells could be reproduced quite accurately, and the inferred parameter values appear to be realistic for the Pierre Shale, suggests that the new model is a useful tool for modeling transient coupled flows in groundwater systems. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Garavito, A., Kooi, H., and Neuzil, C., 2006, Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 3, p. 481-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004.","startPage":"481","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004"},{"id":239532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f4e4b0c8380cd73aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garavito, A.M.","contributorId":68108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garavito","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kooi, H.","contributorId":83336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030683,"text":"70030683 - 2006 - Effects of Chinese mineral strategies on the U.S. minerals industry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030683","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Chinese mineral strategies on the U.S. minerals industry","docAbstract":"For more than two decades now, China has been undergoing rapid economic growth and industrialization. The industrialization and urbanization of the once rural, farming nation is leading to increased consumption of mineral commodities to build infrastructure and to make into consumer goods. This increased consumption has led to higher mineral prices, lower stocks and, in some cases, temporary shortages of minerals. Chinese mineral producers and manufacturers are responding by building capacity, restructuring and modernizing industrial sectors and establishing international network that compete with those of the United States and other nations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"McCartan, L., Menzie, W., Morse, D., Papp, J., Plunkert, P., and Tse, P., 2006, Effects of Chinese mineral strategies on the U.S. minerals industry: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 3, p. 37-42.","startPage":"37","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0649e4b0c8380cd511b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCartan, L.","contributorId":55153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morse, D.E.","contributorId":15780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Papp, J.F.","contributorId":48604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plunkert, P.A.","contributorId":75733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkert","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tse, P.-K.","contributorId":70599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tse","given":"P.-K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030685,"text":"70030685 - 2006 - Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:23:36.405862","indexId":"70030685","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents","docAbstract":"<p>Numerical models are presented that simulate several active tectonic processes. These models include a continent that is thermally and mechanically coupled with viscous mantle flow. The assumption of rigid continents allows use of solid body equations to describe the continents' motion and to calculate their velocities. The starting point is a quasi-steady state model of mantle convection with temperature/ pressure-dependent viscosity. After placing a continent on top of the mantle, the convection pattern changes. The mantle flow subsequently passes through several stages, eventually resembling the mantle structure under present-day continents: (a) Extension tectonics and marginal basins form on boundary of a continent approaching to subduction zone, roll back of subduction takes place in front of moving continent; (b) The continent reaches the subduction zone, the extension regime at the continental edge is replaced by strong compression. The roll back of the subduction zone still continues after closure of the marginal basin and the continent moves towards the upwelling. As a result the ocean becomes non-symmetric and (c) The continent overrides the upwelling and subduction in its classical form stops. The third stage appears only in the upper mantle model with localized upwellings.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02832.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Trubitsyn, V., Kaban, M., Mooney, W.D., Reigber, C., and Schwintzer, P., 2006, Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents: Geophysical Journal International, v. 164, no. 3, p. 611-623, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02832.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"623","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.02832.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b900ee4b08c986b3192c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trubitsyn, V.","contributorId":70657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trubitsyn","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaban, M.","contributorId":19441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaban","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reigber, C.","contributorId":64959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reigber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwintzer, P.","contributorId":105496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwintzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030686,"text":"70030686 - 2006 - Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030686","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Tissue residues of total mercury (Hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and lipid-based PCBs; plasma concentrations of endocrine biomarkers; and reproductive and histologic biomarkers were assessed in 460 carp (Cyprinus carpio), bass (Micropterus salmoides and Micropterus dolomieui), and bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from eight sites across the Hudson River Basin in the spring of 1998 to determine if endocrine disruption was evident in resident fish species and to evaluate contaminant-biomarker interrelations. Total PCBs in bed sediments (maximum 2,500 ??g kg-1) could explain 64 to 90% of the variability in lipid-based PCB residues in tissues (maximum 1,250 ??g PCB g-lipid-1) of the four species. The 17??-estradiol to 11-ketotestosterone ratio, typically less than 1.0 in male fish and greater than 1.0 in females, exceeded 1.4 in all male largemouth bass and 35% of male carp and bullhead at one site 21 km downstream from a major PCB source. Endocrine biomarkers were significantly correlated with total Hg in female smallmouth bass and carp, and with lipid-based PCBs in males of all four species. Empirical evidence of endocrine modulation in blood plasma of male and female fish from sites with and without high PCB residues in bed sediments and fish tissues suggest that PCBs, Hg, or other contaminants may disrupt normal endocrine function in fish of the Hudson River. ?? Eawag, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Sloan, R., Smith, S., Denslow, N., Blazer, V., and Gross, T., 2006, Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA: Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 2, p. 206-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8.","startPage":"206","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8"},{"id":239572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cf6e4b0c8380cd79c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloan, R.J.","contributorId":16653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.B.","contributorId":47056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030689,"text":"70030689 - 2006 - A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030689","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds","docAbstract":"We present an enhancement of a simulation model to predict annual productivity for Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla); the model includes effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism. We used species-specific data from the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa to parameterize the model as a case study. The simulation model predicted annual productivity of 2.03 ?? 1.60 SD for Wood Thrushes and 1.56 ?? 1.31 SD for American Redstarts. Our sensitivity analysis showed that high parasitism lowered Wood Thrush annual productivity more than American Redstart productivity, even though parasitism affected individual nests of redstarts more severely. Annual productivity predictions are valuable for habitat managers, but productivity is not easily obtained from field studies. Our model provides a useful means of integrating complex life history parameters to predict productivity for songbirds that experience nest parasitism. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., and Knutson, M.G., 2006, A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds: Condor, v. 108, no. 2, p. 292-300, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"292","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477372,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:apmfpm]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50de4b0c8380cd46ad0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030691,"text":"70030691 - 2006 - V<sub>P</sub> and V<sub>S</sub> structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T15:55:42","indexId":"70030691","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"V<sub>P</sub> and V<sub>S</sub> structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume","docAbstract":"<p><span>The movement of the lithosphere over a stationary mantle magmatic source, often thought to be a mantle plume, explains key features of the 16 Ma Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcanic system. However, the seismic signature of a Yellowstone plume has remained elusive because of the lack of adequate data. We employ new teleseismic </span><i>P</i><span> and </span><i>S&nbsp;</i><span>wave traveltime data to develop tomographic images of the Yellowstone hot spot upper mantle. The teleseismic data were recorded with two temporary seismograph arrays deployed in a 500 km by 600 km area centered on Yellowstone. Additional data from nearby regional seismic networks were incorporated into the data set. The </span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span> and </span><i>V</i><sub><i>S&nbsp;</i></sub><span>models reveal a strong low-velocity anomaly from ∼50 to 200 km directly beneath the Yellowstone caldera and eastern Snake River Plain, as has been imaged in previous studies. Peak anomalies are −2.3% for </span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span> and −5.5% for </span><i>V</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>. A weaker, anomaly with a velocity perturbation of up to −1.0% </span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span> and −2.5% </span><i>V</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span> continues to at least 400 km depth. This anomaly dips 30° from vertical, west-northwest to a location beneath the northern Rocky Mountains. We interpret the low-velocity body as a plume of upwelling hot, and possibly wet rock, from the mantle transition zone that promotes small-scale convection in the upper ∼200 km of the mantle and long-lived volcanism. A high-velocity anomaly, 1.2%</span><i>V</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><span> and 1.9% </span><i>V</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>, is located at ∼100 to 250 km depth southeast of Yellowstone and may represent a downwelling of colder, denser mantle material.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003867","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Waite, G.P., Smith, R.B., and Allen, R.M., 2006, V<sub>P</sub> and V<sub>S</sub> structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, B04303; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003867.","productDescription":"B04303; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003867","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -108,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -108,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0f1e4b08c986b32a3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Gregory P.","contributorId":146613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Robert B.","contributorId":90824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Richard M.","contributorId":139575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030692,"text":"70030692 - 2006 - Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030692","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault","docAbstract":"The conventional model of strain accumulation on a vertical transform fault is a discrete screw dislocation in an elastic half-space with the Burgers vector of the dislocation increasing at the rate of relative plate motion. It would be more realistic to replace that discrete dislocation by a dislocation distribution, presumably a pileup in which the individual dislocations are in equilibrium. The length of the pileup depends upon the applied stress and the amount of slip that has occurred at depth. I argue here that the dislocation pileup (the transition on the fault from no slip to slip at the full plate rate) occupies a substantial portion of the lithosphere thickness. A discrete dislocation at an adjustable depth can reproduce the surface deformation profile predicted by a pileup so closely that it will be difficult to distinguish between the two models. The locking depth (dislocation depth) of that discrete dislocation approximation is substantially (???30%) larger than that (depth to top of the pileup) in the pileup model. Thus, in inverting surface deformation data using the discrete dislocation model, the locking depth in the model should not be interpreted as the true locking depth. Although dislocation pileup models should provide a good explanation of the surface deformation near the fault trace, that explanation may not be adequate at greater distances from the fault trace because approximating the expected horizontally distributed deformation at subcrustal depths by uniform slip concentrated on the fault is not justified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB004021","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., 2006, Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004021.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477385,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb004021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004021"},{"id":239081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0215e4b0c8380cd4fe93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030695,"text":"70030695 - 2006 - Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:00:24","indexId":"70030695","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben","docAbstract":"<p>A 277-km network of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, supplemented with a sidescan-sonar mosaic of the lake floor, was collected in Bear Lake, Utah–Idaho, in order to explore the sedimentary framework of the lake's paleoclimate record. The acoustic stratigraphy is tied to a 120 m deep, continuously cored drill hole in the lake. Based on the age model for the drill core, the oldest continuously mapped acoustic reflector in the data set has an age of about 100 ka, although older sediments were locally imaged.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The acoustic stratigraphy of the sediments below the lake indicates that the basin developed primarily as a simple half-graben, with a steep normal-fault margin on the east and a flexural margin on the west. As expected for a basin controlled by a listric master fault, seismic reflections steepen and diverge toward the fault, bounding eastward-thickening sediment wedges. Secondary normal faults west of the master fault were imaged beneath the lake and many of these faults show progressively increasing offset with depth and age. Several faults cut the youngest sediments in the lake as well as the modern lake floor. The relative simplicity of the sedimentary sequence is interrupted in the northwestern part of the basin by a unit that is interpreted as a large (4 × 10 km) paleodelta of the Bear River. The delta overlies a horizon with an age of about 97 ka, outcrops at the lake floor and is onlapped by much of the uppermost sequence of lake sediments. A feature interpreted as a wave-cut bench occurs in many places on the western side of the lake. The base of this bench occurs at a depth (22–24 m) similar to that (20–25 m) of the distal surface of the paleodelta.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Pinch-outs of sedimentary units are common in relatively shallow water on the gentle western margin of the basin and little Holocene sediment has accumulated in water depths of less than 30 m. On the steep eastern margin of the basin, sediments commonly onlap the hanging wall of the East Bear Lake Fault. However, no major erosional or depositional features suggestive of shoreline processes were observed on acoustic profiles in water deeper than about 20–25 m.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., 2006, Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben: Sedimentary Geology, v. 185, no. 1-2, p. 113-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake","volume":"185","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a0e4b0c8380cd47545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030696,"text":"70030696 - 2006 - Catastrophic sinkhole formation in Kansas: A case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030696","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catastrophic sinkhole formation in Kansas: A case study","docAbstract":"Sinkholes represent a hazard to property and human safety in a wide variety of geologic settings across the globe. In most cases, the subsidence rate of a sinkhole represents the most significant potential impact and risk to public safety. Since 1979, the Kansas Geological Survey has studied numerous sinkholes using high-resolution seismic reflection in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms that control their formation. Most sinkholes in central Kansas form as a result of dissolution of the Permian Hutchinson salt (Figure 1). The fluid source and associated pathway responsible for leaching these bedded evaporites have been natural, anthropogenic, and a combination of both. Sinkholes have been a part of the landscape in the North American midcontinent long before modern oil, gas, and mineral exploration, but clearly the activities of man have played a significant role in both increasing the number of sinkholes and affecting their subsidence rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2184103","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Lambrecht, J., and Miller, R., 2006, Catastrophic sinkhole formation in Kansas: A case study: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 25, no. 3, p. 342-347, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2184103.","startPage":"342","endPage":"347","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2184103"},{"id":239151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cbe4b0c8380cd4b970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambrecht, J.L.","contributorId":63611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambrecht","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030699,"text":"70030699 - 2006 - Geochemical patterns of arsenic-enriched ground water in fractured, crystalline bedrock, Northport, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030699","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical patterns of arsenic-enriched ground water in fractured, crystalline bedrock, Northport, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"High mean As concentrations of up to 26.6 ??mol/L (1990 ??g/L) occur in ground water collected from a fractured-bedrock system composed of sulfidic schist with granitic to dioritic intrusions. Sulfides in the bedrock are the primary source of the As in the ground water, but the presence of arsenopyrite in rock core retrieved from a borehole with As concentrations in the ground water barely above the detection limit of 2.0 ??mol/L, shows that there are complicating factors. Chemical analyses of water from 35 bedrock wells throughout a small watershed reveal spatial clustering of wells with high As concentrations. Stiff diagrams and box plots distinguish three distinct types; calcium-bicarbonate-dominated water with low As concentrations (CaHCO 3 type), sodium-bicarbonate-dominated water with moderately high As concentrations (NaHCO3 type), and calcium-bicarbonate-dominated water with very high As concentrations (High-As type). It is proposed that differences in recharge area and ground-water evolution, and possible bedrock composition difference are responsible for the chemical distinctions within the watershed. Lack of correlation of As concentrations with pH indicates that desorption of As is an insignificant control on As concentration. Correlations of As concentrations with Fe and redox parameters indicates that reductive dissolution of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides may play a role in the occurrence of high As concentrations in the NaHCO3 and High-As type water. The oxidation of sulfide minerals occurs within the ground-water system and is ultimately responsible for the existence of As in the ground water, but there is no correlation between As and SO4 concentrations, probably due to precipitation of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and adsorption of As under oxidizing conditions. Crown Copyright ?? 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.001","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lipfert, G., Reeve, A., Sidle, W., and Marvinney, R., 2006, Geochemical patterns of arsenic-enriched ground water in fractured, crystalline bedrock, Northport, Maine, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 3, p. 528-545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.001.","startPage":"528","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.001"},{"id":239185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a168be4b0c8380cd551b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipfert, G.","contributorId":53135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipfert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sidle, W.C.","contributorId":93911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvinney, R.","contributorId":63220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvinney","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030702,"text":"70030702 - 2006 - Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030702","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake","docAbstract":"Coseismic slip associated with the M7.9, 1923 Kanto earthquake is fairly well understood, involving slip of up to 8 m along the Philippine Sea-Honshu interplate boundary under Sagami Bay and its onland extension. Postseismic deformation after the 1923 earthquake, however, is relatively poorly understood. We revisit the available deformation data in order to constrain possible mechanisms of postseismic deformation and to examine the consequences for associated stress changes in the surrounding crust. Data from two leveling lines and one tide gage station over the first 7-8 years postseismic period are of much greater amplitude than the corresponding expected interseismic deformation during the same period, making these data suitable for isolating the signal from postseismic deformation. We consider both viscoelastic models of asthenosphere relaxation and afterslip models. A distributed coseismic slip model presented by Pollitz et al. (2005), combined with prescribed parameters of a viscoelastic Earth model, yields predicted postseismic deformation that agrees with observed deformation on mainland Honshu from Tokyo to the Izu peninsula. Elsewhere (southern Miura peninsula; Boso peninsula), the considered viscoelastic models fail to predict observed deformation, and a model of ???1 in shallow afterslip in the offshore region south of the Boso peninsula, with equivalent moment magnitude Mw = 7.0, adequately accounts for the observed deformation. Using the distributed coseismic slip model, layered viscoelastic structure, and a model of interseismic strain accumulation, we evaluate the post-1923 stress evolution, including both the coseismic and accumulated postseismic stress changes and those stresses contributed by interseismic loading. We find that if account is made for the varying tectonic regime in the region, the occurrence of both immediate (first month) post-1923 crustal aftershocks as well as recent regional crustal seismicity is consistent with the predicted stress pattern. This suggests that the influence of the 1923 earthquake on regional seismicity is fairly predictable and has persisted for at least seven decades following the earthquake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003901","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Nyst, M., Nishimura, T., and Thatcher, W., 2006, Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003901.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003901"},{"id":239253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae3e4b0c8380cd62068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishimura, T.","contributorId":94834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030709,"text":"70030709 - 2006 - GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030709","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics","docAbstract":"The formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled climate models developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are described. The models were designed to simulate atmospheric and oceanic climate and variability from the diurnal time scale through multicentury climate change, given our computational constraints. In particular, an important goal was to use the same model for both experimental seasonal to interannual forecasting and the study of multicentury global climate change, and this goal has been achieved. Tw o versions of the coupled model are described, called CM2.0 and CM2.1. The versions differ primarily in the dynamical core used in the atmospheric component, along with the cloud tuning and some details of the land and ocean components. For both coupled models, the resolution of the land and atmospheric components is 2?? latitude ?? 2.5?? longitude; the atmospheric model has 24 vertical levels. The ocean resolution is 1?? in latitude and longitude, with meridional resolution equatorward of 30?? becoming progressively finer, such that the meridional resolution is 1/3?? at the equator. There are 50 vertical levels in the ocean, with 22 evenly spaced levels within the top 220 m. The ocean component has poles over North America and Eurasia to avoid polar filtering. Neither coupled model employs flux adjustments. The co ntrol simulations have stable, realistic climates when integrated over multiple centuries. Both models have simulations of ENSO that are substantially improved relative to previous GFDL coupled models. The CM2.0 model has been further evaluated as an ENSO forecast model and has good skill (CM2.1 has not been evaluated as an ENSO forecast model). Generally reduced temperature and salinity biases exist in CM2.1 relative to CM2.0. These reductions are associated with 1) improved simulations of surface wind stress in CM2.1 and associated changes in oceanic gyre circulations; 2) changes in cloud tuning and the land model, both of which act to increase the net surface shortwave radiation in CM2.1, thereby reducing an overall cold bias present in CM2.0; and 3) a reduction of ocean lateral viscosity in the extratropics in CM2.1, which reduces sea ice biases in the North Atlantic. Both models have be en used to conduct a suite of climate change simulations for the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report and are able to simulate the main features of the observed warming of the twentieth century. The climate sensitivities of the CM2.0 and CM2.1 models are 2.9 and 3.4 K, respectively. These sensitivities are defined by coupling the atmospheric components of CM2.0 and CM2.1 to a slab ocean model and allowing the model to come into equilibrium with a doubling of atmospheric CO2. The output from a suite of integrations conducted with these models is freely available online (see http://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/). ?? 2006 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JCLI3629.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Delworth, T., Broccoli, A., Rosati, A., Stouffer, R., Balaji, V., Beesley, J., Cooke, W., Dixon, K., Dunne, J., Dunne, K., Durachta, J., Findell, K., Ginoux, P., Gnanadesikan, A., Gordon, C., Griffies, S., Gudgel, R., Harrison, M., Held, I., Hemler, R., Horowitz, L., Klein, S., Knutson, T., Kushner, P., Langenhorst, A., Lee, H., Lin, S., Lu, J., Malyshev, S., Milly, P., Ramaswamy, V., Russell, J., Schwarzkopf, M., Shevliakova, E., Sirutis, J., Spelman, M., Stern, W., Winton, M., Wittenberg, A., Wyman, B., Zeng, F., and Zhang, R., 2006, GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics: Journal of Climate, v. 19, no. 5, p. 643-674, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3629.1.","startPage":"643","endPage":"674","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477601,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli3629.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3629.1"},{"id":239391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a145ee4b0c8380cd549f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delworth, T.L.","contributorId":56421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delworth","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broccoli, A.J.","contributorId":75313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broccoli","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosati, A.","contributorId":52845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosati","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stouffer, R.J.","contributorId":23757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stouffer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balaji, V.","contributorId":18152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balaji","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beesley, J.A.","contributorId":73076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beesley","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cooke, W.F.","contributorId":96884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dixon, K.W.","contributorId":107075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dunne, J.","contributorId":54476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Durachta, J.W.","contributorId":77432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durachta","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Findell, K.L.","contributorId":20137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findell","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ginoux, P.","contributorId":54447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginoux","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gnanadesikan, A.","contributorId":35202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gnanadesikan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gordon, C.T.","contributorId":103453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Griffies, S.M.","contributorId":27731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffies","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gudgel, R.","contributorId":81372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudgel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Harrison, M.J.","contributorId":80556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Held, I.M.","contributorId":66895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Held","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Hemler, R.S.","contributorId":58067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemler","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Horowitz, 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A.R.","contributorId":69829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenhorst","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Lee, H.-C.","contributorId":61282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Lin, S.-J.","contributorId":19750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"S.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Lu, J.","contributorId":69791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Malyshev, 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C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Ramaswamy, V.","contributorId":38748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramaswamy","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Russell, J.","contributorId":25422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Schwarzkopf, M.D.","contributorId":12664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzkopf","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":27238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Sirutis, J.J.","contributorId":78918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sirutis","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Spelman, M.J.","contributorId":107990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spelman","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Stern, W.F.","contributorId":54777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Winton, M.","contributorId":21805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Wittenberg, A.T.","contributorId":70163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Wyman, B.","contributorId":87040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyman","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Zeng, F.","contributorId":108355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Zhang, R.","contributorId":56445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42}]}}
,{"id":70030710,"text":"70030710 - 2006 - High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T13:46:40","indexId":"70030710","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The coastal zone of southeastern Louisiana is the product of numerous cycles of progradation, abandonment, and marine transgression of the Mississippi River delta. Currently, the shoreline in the Barataria Bight is undergoing significant erosion and retreat, and understanding its evolution is crucial in stabilization efforts. This study uses an extensive collection of geophysical and sediment core data from Barataria Bay and offshore to develop a geologic model of the shallow (< 10 m) subsurface. The purpose of the model is twofold: (1) establish the stratigraphic architecture of a subdelta lobe of the Bayou des Families delta, deposited by the Mississippi River approximately 4000 years before present; and (2) provide a high-resolution description of the geologic framework in a context that can be applied to coastal management issues in similar fluvially dominated coastal environments worldwide. The results of the study demonstrate how high-quality geologic data from the coastal environment can be used not only to further our understanding of shoreline evolution but also to provide pertinent information for coastal management needs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2006.030","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Ferina, N., Dreher, C., Kindinger, J., FitzGerald, D.M., and Kulp, M., 2006, High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 429-443, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030"},{"id":239429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3137e4b0c8380cd5dd28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, J. G.","contributorId":92309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferina, N.F.","contributorId":63140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dreher, C.","contributorId":36186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulp, M.A.","contributorId":61138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030711,"text":"70030711 - 2006 - Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030711","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A multi-day hydrographic survey cruise was conducted to acquire spatially extensive, but temporally limited, high-resolution, three-dimensional measurements of currents, temperature, salinity and turbidity off West Maui in the summer of 2003 to better understand coastal dynamics along a complex island shoreline with coral reefs. These data complement long-term, high-resolution tide, wave, current, temperature, salinity and turbidity measurements made at a number of fixed locations in the study area starting in 2001. Analyses of these hydrographic data, in conjunction with numerous field observations, evoke the following conceptual model of water and turbidity flux along West Maui. Wave- and wind-driven flows appear to be the primary control on flow over shallower portions of the reefs while tidal and subtidal currents dominate flow over the outer portions of the reefs and insular shelf. When the direction of these flows counter one another, which is quite common, they cause a zone of cross-shore horizontal shear and often form a front, with turbid, lower-salinity water inshore of the front and clear, higher-salinity water offshore of the front. It is not clear whether these zones of high shear and fronts are the cause or the result of the location of the fore reef, but they appear to be correlated alongshore over relatively large horizontal distances (orders of kilometers). When two flows converge or when a single flow is bathymetrically steered, eddies can be generated that, in the absence of large ocean surface waves, tend to accumulate material. Areas of higher turbidity and lower salinity tend to correlate with regions of poor coral health or the absence of well-developed reefs, suggesting that the oceanographic processes that concentrate and/or transport nutrients, contaminants, low-salinity water or suspended sediment might strongly influence coral reef ecosystem health and sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., McManus, M., Logan, J., and McLaughlin, B., 2006, Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 3, p. 401-421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006.","startPage":"401","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006"},{"id":239430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc6e4b0c8380cd4e41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, M.A.","contributorId":73390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, J.B.","contributorId":43150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, B.E.","contributorId":36362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030713,"text":"70030713 - 2006 - Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:45:21.629649","indexId":"70030713","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The nonnative annual grass Bromus tectorum has successfully replaced native vegetation in many arid and semiarid ecosystems. Initial introductions accompanied grazing and agriculture, making it difficult to separate the effects of invasion from physical disturbance. This study examined N dynamics in two recently invaded, undisturbed vegetation associations (C<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and C<sub>4</sub>). The response of these communities was compared to an invaded/ disturbed grassland. The invaded/disturbed communities had higher surface NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>input in spring, whereas there were no differences for surface input of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. Soil inorganic N was dominated by NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, but invaded sites had greater subsurface soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. Invaded sites had greater total soil N at the surface four years post‐invasion in undisturbed communities, but total N was lower in the invaded/disturbed communities. Soil δ<sup>15</sup>N increased with depth in the noninvaded and recently invaded communities, whereas the invaded/disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern. Enriched foliar δ<sup>15</sup>N values suggest that Bromus assimilated subsurface NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, whereas the native grasses were restricted to surface N. A Rayleigh distillation model accurately described decomposition patterns in the noninvaded communities where soil N loss is accompanied by increasing soil δ<sup>15</sup>N; however, the invaded/ disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern, suggesting redistribution of N within the soil profile. This study suggests that invasion has altered the mechanisms driving nitrogen dynamics. Bromus litter decomposition and soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations were greater in the invaded communities during periods of ample precipitation, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>leached from the surface litter, where it was assimilated by Bromus. The primary source of N input in these communities is a biological soil crust that is removed with disturbance, and the lack of N input by the biological soil crust did not balance N loss, resulting in reduced total N in the invaded/disturbed communities. Bromus produced a positive feedback loop by leaching NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from decomposing Bromus litter to subsurface soil layers, accessing that deep‐soil N pool with deep roots and returning that N to the surface as biomass and subsequent litter. Lack of new inputs combined with continued loss will result in lower total soil N, evidenced by the lower total soil N in the invaded/disturbed communities.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/05-0836","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Sperry, L., Belnap, J., and Evans, R., 2006, Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem: Ecology, v. 87, no. 3, p. 603-615, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0836.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"615","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f28ae4b0c8380cd4b230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sperry, L.J.","contributorId":94500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, R.D.","contributorId":48735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030715,"text":"70030715 - 2006 - Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:46:08","indexId":"70030715","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2358,"text":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration and its relationship with biophysical factors in forests near the Tropic of Cancer remain highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil respiration rates, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the Dinghushan Nature Reserve (DNR) in southern China from March 2003 to February 2005. The overall objective of the present study was to analyze the temporal variations of soil respiration and its biophysical dependence in these forests. The relationships between biophysical factors and soil respiration rates were compared in successional forests to test the hypothesis that these forests responded similarly to biophysical factors. The seasonality of soil respiration coincided with the seasonal climate pattern, with high respiration rates in the hot humid season (April-September) and with low rates in the cool dry season (October-March). Soil respiration measured at these forests showed a clear increasing trend with the progressive succession. Annual mean (±</span><i>SD</i><span>) soil respiration rate in the DNR forests was (9.0 ± 4.6) Mg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C/hm</span><sup>2</sup><span>per year, ranging from (6.1 ± 3.2) Mg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C/hm</span><sup>2</sup><span>per year in early successional forests to (10.7 ± 4.9) Mg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C/hm</span><sup>2</sup><span> per year in advanced successional forests. Soil respiration was correlated with both soil temperature and moisture. The T/M model, where the two biophysical variables are driving factors, accounted for 74%-82% of soil respiration variation in DNR forests. Temperature sensitivity decreased along progressive succession stages, suggesting that advanced-successional forests have a good ability to adjust to temperature. In contrast, moisture increased with progressive succession processes. This increase is caused, in part, by abundant respirators in advanced-successional forest, where more soil moisture is needed to maintain their activities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x","issn":"16729072","usgsCitation":"Tang, X., Zhou, G., Liu, S., Zhang, D., Liu, S., Li, J., and Zhou, C., 2006, Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, v. 48, no. 6, p. 654-663, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb0e4b0c8380cd4ee81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tang, X.-L.","contributorId":19778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, G.-Y.","contributorId":37522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.-Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, S.-G.","contributorId":74574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, D.-Q.","contributorId":25360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"D.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, S.-Z.","contributorId":62410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, C.-Y.","contributorId":7910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"C.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030717,"text":"70030717 - 2006 - Do geese fully develop brood patches? A histological analysis of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C. rossii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030717","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2226,"text":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do geese fully develop brood patches? A histological analysis of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C. rossii)","docAbstract":"Most birds develop brood patches before incubation; epidermis and dermis in the brood patch region thicken, and the dermal connective tissue becomes increasingly vascularized and infiltrated by leukocytes. However, current dogma states that waterfowl incubate without modifications of skin within the brood patch region. The incubation periods of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter called snow geese) and Ross's geese (C. rossii) are 2-6 days shorter than those of other goose species; only females incubate. Thus, we hypothesized that such short incubation periods would require fully developed brood patches for sufficient heat transfer from incubating parents to eggs. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the skin histology of abdominal regions of snow and Ross's geese collected at Karrak Lake, Nunavut, Canada. For female snow geese, we found that epidermis and dermis had thickened and vascularization of dermis was 14 times greater, on average, than that observed in males (n=5 pairs). Our results for Ross's geese (n=5 pairs) were more variable, wherein only one of five female Ross's geese fully developed a brood patch. Our results are consistent with three hypotheses about brood patch development and its relationship with different energetic cost-benefit relationships, resulting from differences in embryonic development and body size. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00360-006-0066-y","issn":"01741578","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, J., Afton, A., Homberger, D., Henk, W., and Alisauskas, R., 2006, Do geese fully develop brood patches? A histological analysis of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C. rossii): Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, v. 176, no. 5, p. 453-462, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-006-0066-y.","startPage":"453","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-006-0066-y"},{"id":239536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0361e4b0c8380cd50466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, J.E.","contributorId":61623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Homberger, D.G.","contributorId":56033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homberger","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henk, W.G.","contributorId":64891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henk","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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