Measures that describe and summarize sediment grain-size distributions are important to geologists because of the large amount of information contained in textural data sets. Statistical methods are usually employed to simplify the necessary comparisons among samples and quantify the observed differences. The two statistical methods most commonly used by sedimentologists to describe particle distributions are mathematical moments (Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938) and inclusive graphics (Folk, 1974). The choice of which of these statistical measures to use is typically governed by the amount of data available (Royse, 1970). If the entire distribution is known, the method of moments may be used; if the next to last accumulated percent is greater than 95, inclusive graphics statistics can be generated. Unfortunately, earlier programs designed to describe sediment grain-size distributions statistically do not run in a Windows environment, do not allow extrapolation of the distribution's tails, or do not generate both moment and graphic statistics (Kane and Hubert, 1963; Collias et al., 1963; Schlee and Webster, 1967; Poppe et al., 2000)1.
Owing to analytical limitations, electro-resistance multichannel particle-size analyzers, such as Coulter Counters, commonly truncate the tails of the fine-fraction part of grain-size distributions. These devices do not detect fine clay in the 0.6–0.1 μm range (part of the 11-phi and all of the 12-phi and 13-phi fractions). Although size analyses performed down to 0.6 μm microns are adequate for most freshwater and near shore marine sediments, samples from many deeper water marine environments (e.g. rise and abyssal plain) may contain significant material in the fine clay fraction, and these analyses benefit from extrapolation.
The program (GSSTAT) described herein generates statistics to characterize sediment grain-size distributions and can extrapolate the fine-grained end of the particle distribution. It is written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and provides a window to facilitate program execution. The input for the sediment fractions is weight percentages in whole-phi notation (Krumbein, 1934; Inman, 1952), and the program permits the user to select output in either method of moments or inclusive graphics statistics (Fig. 1). Users select options primarily with mouse-click events, or through interactive dialogue boxes.
Bird maneuver, the rotation of the coil-carrying instrument pod used for frequency-domain helicopter electromagnetic surveys, changes the nominal geometric relationship between the bird-coil system and the ground. These changes affect electromagnetic coupling and can introduce errors in helicopter electromagnetic, (HEM) data. We analyze these effects for a layered half-space for three coil configurations: vertical coaxial, vertical coplanar, and horizontal coplanar. Maneuver effect is shown to have two components: one that is purely geometric and another that is inductive in nature. The geometric component is significantly larger. A correction procedure is developed using an iterative approach that uses standard HEM inversion routines. The maneuver effect correction reduces inversion misfit error and produces laterally smoother cross sections than obtained from uncorrected data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1801937","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., and Yin, C., 2004, Effect of bird maneuver on frequency-domain helicopter EM response: Geophysics, v. 69, no. 5, p. 1203-1215, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1801937.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1215","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c3e4b0c8380cd50f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yin, C.","contributorId":9819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026775,"text":"70026775 - 2004 - Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T17:07:41.502723","indexId":"70026775","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders","docAbstract":"Despite concern over amphibian declines, few studies estimate absolute abundances because of logistic and economic constraints and previously poor estimator performance. Two estimation approaches recommended for amphibian studies are mark-recapture and depletion (or removal) sampling. We compared abundance estimation via various mark-recapture and depletion methods, using data from a three-year study of terrestrial salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Our results indicate that short-term closed-population, robust design, and depletion methods estimate surface population of salamanders (i.e., those near the surface and available for capture during a given sampling occasion). In longer duration studies, temporary emigration violates assumptions of both open- and closed-population mark-recapture estimation models. However, if the temporary emigration is completely random, these models should yield unbiased estimates of the total population (superpopulation) of salamanders in the sampled area. We recommend using Pollock's robust design in mark-recapture studies because of its flexibility to incorporate variation in capture probabilities and to estimate temporary emigration probabilities.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1670/194-03A","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., Simons, T., and Pollock, K.H., 2004, Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders: Journal of Herpetology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 370-380, https://doi.org/10.1670/194-03A.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -82.957763671875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -82.957763671875,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 35.31736632923788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f838e4b0c8380cd4cf55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026785,"text":"70026785 - 2004 - Predicting patterns of non-native plant invasions in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70026785","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting patterns of non-native plant invasions in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"One of the major issues confronting management of parks and reserves is the invasion of non-native plant species. Yosemite National Park is one of the largest and best-known parks in the United States, harbouring significant cultural and ecological resources. Effective management of non-natives would be greatly assisted by information on their potential distribution that can be generated by predictive modelling techniques. Our goal was to identify key environmental factors that were correlated with the percent cover of non-native species and then develop a predictive model using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production technique. We performed a series of analyses using community-level data on species composition in 236 plots located throughout the park. A total of 41 non-native species were recorded which occurred in 23.7% of the plots. Plots with non-natives occurred most frequently at low- to mid-elevations, in flat areas with other herbaceous species. Based on the community-level results, we selected elevation, slope, and vegetation structure as inputs into the GARP model to predict the environmental niche of non-native species. Verification of results was performed using plot data reserved from the model, which calculated the correct prediction of non-native species occurrence as 76%. The majority of the western, lower-elevation portion of the park was predicted to have relatively low levels of non-native species occurrence, with highest concentrations predicted at the west and south entrances and in the Yosemite Valley. Distribution maps of predicted occurrences will be used by management to: efficiently target monitoring of non-native species, prioritize control efforts according to the likelihood of non-native occurrences, and inform decisions relating to the management of non-native species in postfire environments. Our approach provides a valuable tool for assisting decision makers to better manage non-native species, which can be readily adapted to target non-native species in other locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00093.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Underwood, E., Klinger, R., and Moore, P., 2004, Predicting patterns of non-native plant invasions in Yosemite National Park, California, USA: Diversity and Distributions, v. 10, no. 5-6, p. 447-459, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00093.x.","startPage":"447","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489885,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00093.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209082,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00093.x"},{"id":235274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c0e4b0c8380cd7b6eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Underwood, E.C.","contributorId":47134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klinger, R.","contributorId":78493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, P.E.","contributorId":57395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026787,"text":"70026787 - 2004 - The effects of habitat resolution on models of avian diversity and distributions: A comparison of two land-cover classifications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T12:26:05","indexId":"70026787","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of habitat resolution on models of avian diversity and distributions: A comparison of two land-cover classifications","docAbstract":"Quantifying patterns is a key element of landscape analysis. One aspect of this quantification of particular importance to landscape ecologists is the classification of continuous variables to produce categorical variables such as land-cover type or elevation stratum. Although landscape ecologists are fully aware of the importance of spatial resolution in ecological investigations, the potential importance of the resolution of classifications has received little attention. Here we demonstrate the effects of using two different land-cover classifications to predict avian species richness and the occurrences of six individual species across the conterminous United States. We compared models built with a data set based on 14 coarsely resolved land-cover variables to models built with a data set based on 160 finely resolved land-cover variables. In general, comparable models built with the two data sets fit the data to similar degrees, but often produced strikingly different predictions in various parts of the country. By comparing the predictions made by pairs of models, we determined in which regions of the US predictions were most sensitive to differences in land-cover classification. In general, these sensitive areas were different for four of the individual species and for predictions of species richness, indicating that alternate classifications will have different effects in the analyses of different ecological phenomena and that these effects will likely vary geographically. Our results lead us to emphasize the importance of the resolution to which continuous variables are classified in the design of ecological studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:LAND.0000036151.28327.01","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J.J., O’Connor, R.J., Hunsaker, C.T., Jones, K.B., Loveland, T., and White, D., 2004, The effects of habitat resolution on models of avian diversity and distributions: A comparison of two land-cover classifications: Landscape Ecology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 517-532, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000036151.28327.01.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab80e4b08c986b322eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Raymond. J.","contributorId":206571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Raymond.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunsaker, Carolyn T.","contributorId":177336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Denis","contributorId":206572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026791,"text":"70026791 - 2004 - Tectonic histories between Alba Patera and Syria Planum, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026791","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic histories between Alba Patera and Syria Planum, Mars","docAbstract":"Syria Planum and Alba Patera are two of the most prominent features of magmatic-driven activity identified for the Tharsis region and perhaps for all of Mars. In this study, we have performed a Geographic Information System-based comparative investigation of their tectonic histories using published geologic map information and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimetry (MOLA) data. Our primary objective is to assess their evolutional histories by focusing on their extent of deformation in space and time through stratigraphic, paleotectonic, topographic, and geomorphologic analyses. Though there are similarities among the two prominent features, there are several distinct differences, including timing deformational extent, and tectonic intensity of formation. Whereas Alba Patera displays a major pulse of activity during the Late Hesperian/Early Amazonian, Syria Planum is a long-lived center that displays a more uniform distribution of simple graben densities ranging from the Noachian to the Amazonian, many of which occur at greater distances away from the primary center of activity. The histories of the two features presented here are representative of the complex, long-lived evolutional history of Tharsis. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.018","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.C., Dohm, J.M., Haldemann, A.F., Hare, T., and Baker, V., 2004, Tectonic histories between Alba Patera and Syria Planum, Mars: Icarus, v. 171, no. 1, p. 31-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.018.","startPage":"31","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.018"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba463e4b08c986b3202dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. C.","contributorId":9755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haldemann, A. F. C.","contributorId":33437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haldemann","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026792,"text":"70026792 - 2004 - Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida Gulf Coast estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T14:33:34.806018","indexId":"70026792","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida Gulf Coast estuary","docAbstract":"From 8/95 to 2/01, we investigated the ecological effects of intra- and inter-annual variability in freshwater flow through Taylor Creek in southeastern Everglades National Park. Continuous monitoring and intensive sampling studies overlapped with an array of pulsed weather events that impacted physical, chemical, and biological attributes of this region. We quantified the effects of three events representing a range of characteristics (duration, amount of precipitation, storm intensity, wind direction) on the hydraulic connectivity, nutrient and sediment dynamics, and vegetation structure of the SE Everglades estuarine ecotone. These events included a strong winter storm in November 1996, Tropical Storm Harvey in September 1999, and Hurricane Irene in October 1999. Continuous hydrologic and daily water sample data were used to examine the effects of these events on the physical forcing and quality of water in Taylor Creek. A high resolution, flow-through sampling and mapping approach was used to characterize water quality in the adjacent bay. To understand the effects of these events on vegetation communities, we measured mangrove litter production and estimated seagrass cover in the bay at monthly intervals. We also quantified sediment deposition associated with Hurricane Irene's flood surge along the Buttonwood Ridge. These three events resulted in dramatic changes in surface water movement and chemistry in Taylor Creek and adjacent regions of Florida Bay as well as increased mangrove litterfall and flood surge scouring of seagrass beds. Up to 5 cm of bay-derived mud was deposited along the ridge adjacent to the creek in this single pulsed event. These short-term events can account for a substantial proportion of the annual flux of freshwater and materials between the mangrove zone and Florida Bay. Our findings shed light on the capacity of these storm events, especially when in succession, to have far reaching and long lasting effects on coastal ecosystems such as the estuarine ecotone of the SE Everglades.","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/03-0072R.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Davis, S.E., Cable, J., Childers, D., Coronado-Molina, C., Day, J., Hittle, C., Madden, C., Reyes, E., Rudnick, D., and Sklar, F., 2004, Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida Gulf Coast estuary: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 1198-1208, https://doi.org/10.2112/03-0072R.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1198","endPage":"1208","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3944e4b0c8380cd61879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Stephen E","contributorId":213386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":17761,"text":"Everglades Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cable, J.E.","contributorId":25963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childers, D.L.","contributorId":44334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coronado-Molina, C.","contributorId":90271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coronado-Molina","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day, J.W.","contributorId":27417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hittle, C.D.","contributorId":90798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Madden, C.J.","contributorId":101065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reyes, E.","contributorId":83886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rudnick, D.","contributorId":23710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudnick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sklar, F.","contributorId":61618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70026811,"text":"70026811 - 2004 - Annual layers revealed by GPR in the subsurface of a prograding coastal barrier, southwest Washington, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T11:24:37.286649","indexId":"70026811","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual layers revealed by GPR in the subsurface of a prograding coastal barrier, southwest Washington, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The southwest Washington coastline has experienced extremely high rates of progradation during the late Holocene. Subsurface stratigraphy, preserved because of progradation and interpreted using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), has previously been used successfully to document coastal response to prehistoric storm and earthquake events. New GPR data collected at Ocean Shores, Washington, suggest that the historic stratigraphy of the coastal barrier in this area represents a higher resolution record of coastal behavior than previously thought. GPR records for this location at 200 MHz reveal a series of gently sloping, seaward-dipping reflections with slopes similar to the modern beach and spacings on the order of 20-45 cm. Field evidence and model results suggest that thin (1-10 cm), possibly magnetite-rich, heavy-mineral lags or low-porosity layers left by winter storms and separated by thick (20-40 cm) summer progradational sequences are responsible for generating the GPR reflections. These results indicate that a record of annual progradation is preserved in the subsurface of the prograding barrier and can be quantified using GPR. Such records of annual coastal behavior, where available, will be invaluable in understanding past coastal response to climatic and tectonic forcing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/021604740690","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., Jol, H., Kruse, S., Vanderburgh, S., and Kaminsky, G.M., 2004, Annual layers revealed by GPR in the subsurface of a prograding coastal barrier, southwest Washington, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 74, no. 5, p. 690-696, https://doi.org/10.1306/021604740690.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"690","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":158,"text":"Center for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 46.5286346952717\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec28e4b0c8380cd490db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, L. J.","contributorId":53132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jol, H.M.","contributorId":77717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jol","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kruse, S.","contributorId":33103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanderburgh, S.","contributorId":25733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderburgh","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaminsky, G. M.","contributorId":50586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026819,"text":"70026819 - 2004 - Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-01T15:18:10.909126","indexId":"70026819","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Over the past century, fire suppression and prevention have altered disturbance regimes across the Pacific Northwest, resulting in a significant divergence of historical and current conditions in forested habitats. To address this continuing trend in habitat changes and begin restoring historical patterns of disturbance, the Clearwater Basin Elk Habitat Initiative (CEI) proposes relatively extensive management actions in the Clearwater basin of north-central Idaho. We attempted to evaluate potential effects of such management actions on selected wildlife species using extant data sets and suggest ways to improve such projects with respect to a multispecies and adaptive management approach. Although there is increased interest in ecosystem management over large areas, the increased scale of analysis and implementation require a substantial increase in the level of species information beyond what currently exists. We conclude that baseline information required for an effective multispecies land-management policy in the Clearwater basin does not exist for many terrestrial wildlife species. To implement a true multispecies or ecosystem approach, wildlife and land managers should cooperate to increase existing population data and modeling efforts for wildlife species in the basin and develop a sustainable monitoring program to evaluate habitat management changes and their influence on wildlife populations within the context of adaptive management theory. Management actions to restore disturbance patterns should attempt spatial and temporal scales that are biologically relevant to the population ecology of species being affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","usgsCitation":"Scanvara, L., Servheen, G., Melquist, W., Davis, D., and Scott, J.M., 2004, Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater basin, Idaho: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 19, no. 2, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 45.62940492064501\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1de4b0c8380cd5cad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanvara, L.K.","contributorId":54386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanvara","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servheen, G.","contributorId":7479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servheen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melquist, W.","contributorId":45093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melquist","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026824,"text":"70026824 - 2004 - A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T14:59:00","indexId":"70026824","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","docAbstract":"A method is introduced to generate conditioned daily precipitation and temperature time series at multiple stations. The method resamples data from the historical record “nens” times for the period of interest (nens = number of ensemble members) and reorders the ensemble members to reconstruct the observed spatial (intersite) and temporal correlation statistics. The weather generator model is applied to 2307 stations in the contiguous United States and is shown to reproduce the observed spatial correlation between neighboring stations, the observed correlation between variables (e.g., between precipitation and temperature), and the observed temporal correlation between subsequent days in the generated weather sequence. The weather generator model is extended to produce sequences of weather that are conditioned on climate indices (in this case the Niño 3.4 index). Example illustrations of conditioned weather sequences are provided for a station in Arizona (Petrified Forest, 34.8°N, 109.9°W), where El Niño and La Niña conditions have a strong effect on winter precipitation. The conditioned weather sequences generated using the methods described in this paper are appropriate for use as input to hydrologic models to produce multiseason forecasts of streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002747","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Gangopadhyay, S., Brandon, D., Werner, K., Hay, L.E., Rajagopalan, B., and Yates, D., 2004, A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 4, Article W04304; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002747.","productDescription":"Article W04304; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e549e4b0c8380cd46c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandon, David","contributorId":22023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandon","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, Kevin","contributorId":194369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yates, David","contributorId":127383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026827,"text":"70026827 - 2004 - Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:05:23","indexId":"70026827","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","title":"Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","docAbstract":"Four female Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus breeding on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, were fitted with satellite-received transmitters in 1994. Their breeding home ranges averaged 1175 (sd = ±714) km2, and overlapped considerably. All left their breeding grounds in September and migrated generally south-west along the Baltic Sea. The mean travel rate for three falcons was 190 km/day. Two Falcons wintered on the coasts of France and in southern Spain, which were, respectively, 2909 and 4262 km from their breeding sites. Data on migration routes suggested that Falcons took a near-direct route to the wintering areas. No prolonged stopovers were apparent. The 90% minimum convex polygon winter range of a bird that migrated to Spain encompassed 213 km2 (n = 54). The area of the 50% minimum convex polygon was 21.5 km2 (n = 29). Data from this study agree with others from North America that show that Falcons breeding in a single area do not necessarily follow the same migratory path southward and do not necessarily use the same wintering grounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1474-919X.2004.00253.x","usgsCitation":"Ganusevich, S., Maechtle, T., Seegar, W., Yates, M., McGrady, M., Fuller, M., Schueck, L., Dayton, J., and Henny, C.J., 2004, Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia: Ibis, v. 146, no. 2, p. 291-297, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2004.00253.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russa","otherGeospatial":"Kola Peninsula","volume":"146","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eefde4b0c8380cd4a0b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganusevich, S.A.","contributorId":52539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganusevich","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maechtle, T.L.","contributorId":62185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maechtle","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seegar, W.S.","contributorId":11301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yates, M.A.","contributorId":79593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGrady, M.J.","contributorId":23735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrady","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuller, M.","contributorId":30798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schueck, L.","contributorId":67269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueck","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dayton, J.","contributorId":46744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dayton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70026829,"text":"70026829 - 2004 - Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: Results from a decomposition experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T16:27:11.624906","indexId":"70026829","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: Results from a decomposition experiment","docAbstract":"Fluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are an important vector for the movement of carbon (C) and nutrients both within and between ecosystems. However, although DOM fluxes from throughfall and through litterfall can be large, little is known about the fate of DOM leached from plant canopies, or from the litter layer into the soil horizon. In this study, our objectives were to determine the importance of plant-litter leachate as a vehicle for DOM movement, and to track DOM decomposition [including dissolve organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) fractions], as well as DOM chemical and isotopic dynamics, during a long-term laboratory incubation experiment using fresh leaves and litter from several ecosystem types. The water-extractable fraction of organic C was high for all five plant species, as was the biodegradable fraction; in most cases, more than 70% of the initial DOM was decomposed in the first 10 days of the experiment. The chemical composition of the DOM changed as decomposition proceeded, with humic (hydrophobic) fractions becoming relatively more abundant than nonhumic (hydrophilic) fractions over time. However, in spite of proportional changes in humic and nonhumic fractions over time, our data suggest that both fractions are readily decomposed in the absence of physicochemical reactions with soil surfaces. Our data also showed no changes in the δ13C signature of DOM during decomposition, suggesting that isotopic fractionation during DOM uptake is not a significant process. These results suggest that soil microorganisms preferentially decompose more labile organic molecules in the DOM pool, which also tend to be isotopically heavier than more recalcitrant DOM fractions. We believe that the interaction between DOM decomposition dynamics and soil sorption processes contribute to the δ13C enrichment of soil organic matter commonly observed with depth in soil profiles.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0236-7","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, C., Neff, J.C., Townsend, A., and Hood, E., 2004, Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: Results from a decomposition experiment: Ecosystems, v. 7, no. 3, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0236-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f934e4b0c8380cd4d4c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townsend, A.R.","contributorId":16631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hood, E.","contributorId":7480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026834,"text":"70026834 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026834","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II)","docAbstract":"In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) collected refraction and low-fold reflection data along a 150-km-long corridor extending from the Santa Monica Mountains northward to the Sierra Nevada. This profile was part of the second phase of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE II). Chief imaging targets included sedimentary basins beneath the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys and the deep structure of major faults along the transect, including causative faults for the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquakes, the San Gabriel Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Tomographic modeling of first arrivals using the methods of Hole (1992) and Lutter et al. (1999) produces velocity models that are similar to each other and are well resolved to depths of 5-7.5 km. These models, together with oil-test well data and independent forward modeling of LARSE II refraction data, suggest that regions of relatively low velocity and high velocity gradient in the San Fernando Valley and the northern Santa Clarita Valley (north of the San Gabriel Fault) correspond to Cenozoic sedimentary basin fill and reach maximum depths along the profile of ???4.3 km and >3 km , respectively. The Antelope Valley, within the western Mojave Desert, is also underlain by low-velocity, high-gradient sedimentary fill to an interpreted maximum depth of ???2.4 km. Below depths of ???2 km, velocities of basement rocks in the Santa Monica Mountains and the central Transverse Ranges vary between 5.5 and 6.0 km/sec, but in the Mojave Desert, basement rocks vary in velocity between 5.25 and 6.25 km/sec. The San Andreas Fault separates differing velocity structures of the central Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. A weak low-velocity zone is centered approximately on the north-dipping aftershock zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and possibly along the deep projection of the San Gabriel Fault. Modeling of gravity data, using densities inferred from the velocity model, indicates that different velocity-density relationships hold for both sedimentary and basement rocks as one crosses the San Andreas Fault. The LARSE II velocity model can now be used to improve the SCEC Community Velocity Model, which is used to calculate seismic amplitudes for large scenario earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030058","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lutter, W.J., Fuis, G., Ryberg, T., Okaya, D.A., Clayton, R., Davis, P., Prodehl, C., Murphy, J., Langenheim, V., Benthien, M., Godfrey, N.J., Christensen, N., Thygesen, K., Thurber, C., Simila, G., and Keller, G.R., 2004, Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 619-632, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030058.","startPage":"619","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478165,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121001-131459133","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030058"},{"id":235501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd53e4b08c986b328f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clayton, R.W.","contributorId":63413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Benthien, M.L.","contributorId":20780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Godfrey, N. J.","contributorId":12866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thygesen, K.","contributorId":56840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thygesen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Simila, G.","contributorId":18151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simila","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70026835,"text":"70026835 - 2004 - Investigating the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi, using a three‐dimensional inverse flow and transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:02:19","indexId":"70026835","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi, using a three‐dimensional inverse flow and transport model","docAbstract":"Flowmeter‐measured hydraulic conductivities from the heterogeneous MADE site have been used predictively in advection‐dispersion models. Resulting simulated concentrations failed to reproduce even major plume characteristics and some have concluded that other mechanisms, such as dual porosity, are important. Here an alternative possibility is investigated: that the small‐scale flowmeter measurements are too noisy and possibly too biased to use so directly in site‐scale models and that the hydraulic head and transport data are more suitable for site‐scale characterization. Using a calibrated finite element model of the site and a new framework to evaluate random and systematic model and measurement errors, the following conclusions are derived. (1) If variations in subsurface fluid velocities like those simulated in this work (0.1 and 2.0 m per day along parallel and reasonably close flow paths) exist, it is likely that classical advection‐dispersion processes can explain the measured plume characteristics. (2) The flowmeter measurements are possibly systematically lower than site‐scale values when the measurements are considered individually and using common averaging methods and display variability that obscures abrupt changes in hydraulic conductivities that are well supported by changes in hydraulic gradients and are important to the simulation of transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001935","usgsCitation":"Christiansen Barlebo, H., Hill, M.C., and Rosbjerg, D., 2004, Investigating the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi, using a three‐dimensional inverse flow and transport model: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 4, Article W04211; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001935.","productDescription":"Article W04211; 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e6fe4b0c8380cd63d9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen Barlebo, Heidi","contributorId":191997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen Barlebo","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosbjerg, Dan","contributorId":191998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosbjerg","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026837,"text":"70026837 - 2004 - An alternative approach to detection of length-related biases in standard weight equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026837","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An alternative approach to detection of length-related biases in standard weight equations","docAbstract":"We propose a new method for assessing length-related biases in standard weight (Ws) equations computed by the regression-line-percentile method. We evaluated the performance of the new method relative to two previous methods for assessing length-related biases using 15 data sets from which W s equations have been computed. The new method detected potentially serious length-related biases in 10 Ws equations, whereas one of the previously used methods failed to detect any biologically significant biases and the other method detected biases in only one equation. The new method can detect curvilinear relationships between Ws and length, so it provides insight that is not available from previous methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-035.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Gerow, K., Hubert, W., and Anderson-Sprecher, R.C., 2004, An alternative approach to detection of length-related biases in standard weight equations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 903-910, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-035.1.","startPage":"903","endPage":"910","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209255,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-035.1"},{"id":235535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9ebe4b0c8380cd4851e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerow, K.G.","contributorId":17003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerow","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson-Sprecher, R. C.","contributorId":18553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson-Sprecher","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026856,"text":"70026856 - 2004 - Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T13:31:53.747558","indexId":"70026856","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location","docAbstract":"Earthquake location using relative arrival time measurements can lead to dramatically reduced location errors and a view of fault-zone processes with unprecedented detail. There are two principal reasons why this approach reduces location errors. The first is that the use of differenced arrival times to solve for the vector separation of earthquakes removes from the earthquake location problem much of the error due to unmodeled velocity structure. The second reason, on which we focus in this article, is that waveform cross correlation can substantially reduce measurement error. While cross correlation has long been used to determine relative arrival times with subsample precision, we extend correlation measurements to less similar waveforms, and we introduce a general quantitative means to assess when correlation data provide an improvement over catalog phase picks. We apply the technique to local earthquake data from the Calaveras Fault in northern California. Tests for an example streak of 243 earthquakes demonstrate that relative arrival times with normalized cross correlation coefficients as low as ∼70%, interevent separation distances as large as to 2 km, and magnitudes up to 3.5 as recorded on the Northern California Seismic Network are more precise than relative arrival times determined from catalog phase data. Also discussed are improvements made to the correlation technique itself. We find that for large time offsets, our implementation of time-domain cross correlation is often more robust and that it recovers more observations than the cross spectral approach. Longer time windows give better results than shorter ones. Finally, we explain how thresholds and empirical weighting functions may be derived to optimize the location procedure for any given region of interest, taking advantage of the respective strengths of diverse correlation and catalog phase data on different length scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020238","usgsCitation":"Schaff, D.P., Bokelmann, G.H., Ellsworth, W., Zanzerkia, E., Waldhauser, F., and Beroza, G., 2004, Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 705-721, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020238.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f01e4b0c8380cd758e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaff, David P.","contributorId":146736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaff","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bokelmann, G. H. R.","contributorId":64422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bokelmann","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. 0000-0001-8378-4979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4979","contributorId":194691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zanzerkia, E.","contributorId":50332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zanzerkia","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldhauser, Felix","contributorId":59106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":10713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026858,"text":"70026858 - 2004 - Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 1. Conceptualization of groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:41:12","indexId":"70026858","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 1. Conceptualization of groundwater flow","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic data for groundwater from throughout the Middle Rio Grande Basin, central New Mexico, USA, were used to identify and map groundwater flow from 12 sources of water to the basin, evaluate radiocarbon ages, and refine the conceptual model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system.
Hydrochemical zones, representing groundwater flow over thousands to tens of thousands of years, can be traced over large distances through the primarily siliciclastic aquifer system. The locations of the hydrochemical zones mostly reflect the “modern” predevelopment hydraulic-head distribution, but are inconsistent with a trough in predevelopment water levels in the west-central part of the basin, indicating that this trough is a transient rather than a long-term feature of the aquifer system. Radiocarbon ages adjusted for geochemical reactions, mixing, and evapotranspiration/dilution processes in the aquifer system were nearly identical to the unadjusted radiocarbon ages, and ranged from modern to more than 30 ka. Age gradients from piezometer nests ranged from 0.1 to 2 year cm–1 and indicate a recharge rate of about 3 cm year–1 for recharge along the eastern mountain front and infiltration from the Rio Grande near Albuquerque. There has been appreciably less recharge along the eastern mountain front north and south of Albuquerque.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0324-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Bexfield, L.M., Anderholm, S., Sanford, W., and Busenberg, E., 2004, Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 1. Conceptualization of groundwater flow: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, no. 4, p. 359-388, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0324-6.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"388","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209087,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0324-6"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34.25 ], [ -107.5,35.75 ], [ -106.0,35.75 ], [ -106.0,34.25 ], [ -107.5,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3331e4b0c8380cd5ede7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026864,"text":"70026864 - 2004 - A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026864","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation","docAbstract":"Slip histories for the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake are derived rapidly from global teleseismic waveform data. In phases, three models improve matching waveform data and recovery of rupture details. In the first model (Phase I), analogous to an automated solution, a simple fault plane is fixed based on the preliminary Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor mechanism and the epicenter provided by the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters. This model is then updated (Phase II) by implementing a more realistic fault geometry inferred from Digital Elevation Model topography and further (Phase III) by using the calibrated P-wave and SH-wave arrival times derived from modeling of the nearby 2002 M6.7 Nenana Mountain earthquake. These models are used to predict the peak ground velocity and the shaking intensity field in the fault vicinity. The procedure to estimate local strong motion could be automated and used for global real-time earthquake shaking and damage assessment. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778388","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Ji, C., Helmberger, D., and Wald, D., 2004, A teleseismic study of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong-motion estimation: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 617-637, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778388.","startPage":"617","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778388"},{"id":235392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f4e4b0c8380cd47059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmberger, D.V.","contributorId":30242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmberger","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026868,"text":"70026868 - 2004 - Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70026868","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"A regional terrane map of the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement was constructed using seismic, drilling, gravity and magnetic data. The Brompton-Cameron and Central Maine terranes were coalesced as one volcanic island arc terrane before obducting onto Laurentian, Grenville age, continental crust in the Taconian orogeny [Rankin, D.W., 1994. Continental margin of the eastern United States: past and present. In: Speed, R.C., (Ed.), Phanerozoic Evolution of North American Continent-Ocean Transitions. DNAG Continent-Ocean Transect Volume. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 129-218]. Volcanic island-arc rocks of the Avalon terrane are in contact with Central Maine terrane rocks in southern Connecticut where the latter are overthrust onto the Brompton-Cameron terrane, which is thrust over Laurentian basement. Similarities of these allochthonous island arc terranes (Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, Avalon) in lithology, fauna and age suggest that they are faulted segments of the margin of one major late Precambrian to early Paleozoic, high latitude peri-Gondwana island arc designated as \"Avalonia\", which collided with Laurentia in the early to middle Paleozoic. The Brompton Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes are projected as the basement under the eastern New Jersey Coastal Plain based on drill core samples of metamorphic rocks of active margin/magmatic arc origin. A seismic reflection profile across the New York Bight traces the gentle dipping (approximately 20 degrees) Cameron's Line Taconian suture southeast beneath allochthonous Avalon and other terranes to a 4 sec TWTT depth (approximately 9 km) where the Avalonian rocks are over Laurentian crust. Gentle up-plunge (approximately 5 degrees) projections to the southwest bring the Laurentian Grenville age basement and the drift-stage early Paleozoic cover rocks to windows in Burlington Co. at approximately 1 km depth and Cape May Co. at approximately 2 km depths. The antiformal Shellburne Falls and Chester domes and Chain Lakes-Pelham dome-Bronson Hill structural trends, and the synformal Connecticut Valley-Gaspe structural trend can be traced southwest into the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement. A Mesozoic rift basin, the \"Sandy Hook basin\", and associated eastern boundary fault is identified, based upon gravity modeling, in the vicinity of Sandy Hook, New Jersey. The thickness of the rift-basin sedimentary rocks contained within the \"Sandy Hook basin\" is approximately 4.7 km, with the basin extending offshore to the east of the New Jersey coast. Gravity modeling indicates a deep rift basin and the magnetic data indicates a shallow magnetic basement caused by magnetic diabase sills and/or basalt flows contained within the rift-basin sedimentary rocks. The igneous sills and/or flows may be the eastward continuation of the Watchung and Palisades bodies. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Maguire, T., Sheridan, R.E., and Volkert, R., 2004, Geophysical modeling of the northern Appalachian Brompton-Cameron, Central Maine, and Avalon terranes under the New Jersey Coastal Plain: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 37, no. 3-5, p. 457-485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016.","startPage":"457","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.016"},{"id":235467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2863e4b0c8380cd5a0a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguire, T.J.","contributorId":82512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026872,"text":"70026872 - 2004 - Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026872","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice","docAbstract":"1. Movements and habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, were studied using Passive Integrated Transponder technology. The fish were tagged in the summer of 1999, and a portable reading system was used to collect data on individual positions within a riffle-pool sequence in the early winter of 1999. Two major freezing events occurred on November 11-12 (Ice 1) and November 18-19 (Ice 2) that generated significant accumulations of anchor ice in the riffle. 2. Individually tagged parr (fork length 8.4-12.6 cm, n = 15) were tracked from 8 to 24 November 1999. Over this period, emigration (40%) was higher from the pool than from the riffle. Of the nine parr that were consistently located, seven parr moved <5 m up- or downstream, and two parr moved more than 10 m (maximum 23 m). Parr moved significantly more by night than by day, and diel habitat shifts were more pronounced in the pool with some of the fish moving closer to the bank at night. 3. During Ice 2, there was relatively little movement by most of the parr in the riffle beneath anchor ice up to 10 cm in thickness. Water temperature was 0.16??C above the freezing point beneath anchor ice, suggesting the existence of suitable habitats where salmon parr can avoid supercooling conditions and where they can have access to low velocity shelters. To our knowledge, these are the first data on habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr under anchor ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01246.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Roussel, J., Cunjak, R., Newbury, R., Caissie, D., and Haro, A., 2004, Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice: Freshwater Biology, v. 49, no. 8, p. 1026-1035, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01246.x.","startPage":"1026","endPage":"1035","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01246.x"},{"id":235537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f55e4b0c8380cd70ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roussel, J.-M.","contributorId":81847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunjak, R.A.","contributorId":106442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunjak","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newbury, R.","contributorId":29617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newbury","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caissie, D.","contributorId":85381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caissie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026877,"text":"70026877 - 2004 - An evaluation of the individual components and accuracies associated with the determination of impervious area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T15:46:13.462751","indexId":"70026877","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the individual components and accuracies associated with the determination of impervious area","docAbstract":"The percentage of impervious surface area in a watershed has been widely recognized as a key indicator of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem condition. Although the use of the impervious indicator is widespread, there is currently no consistent or mutually accepted method of computing impervious area and the approach of various commonly used techniques varies widely. Further, we do not have reliable information on the components of impervious surfaces, which would be critical in any future planning attempts to remediate problems associated with impervious surface coverage. In cooperation with the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program (GAM) and The National Map, and the EPA Landscape Ecology Program, this collaborative research project utilized very high resolution imagery and GIS techniques to map and quantify the individual components of total impervious area in six urban/suburban watersheds in different parts of the United States. These data were served as ground reference, or \"truth,\" for the evaluation for four techniques used to compute impervious area. The results show some important aspects about the component make-up of impervious cover and the variability of methods commonly used to compile this critical emerging indicator of ecosystem condition.
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J.S.","contributorId":19850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilley","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026878,"text":"70026878 - 2004 - An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:48:12","indexId":"70026878","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1313,"text":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"Most land cover maps generated from Landsat imagery involve classification of a wide variety of land cover types, whereas some studies may only need spatial information on a single cover type. For example, we required a map of corn in order to estimate exposure to agricultural chemicals for an environmental epidemiology study. Traditional classification techniques, which require the collection and processing of costly ground reference data, were not feasible for our application because of the large number of images to be analyzed. We present a new method that has the potential to automate the classification of corn from Landsat satellite imagery, resulting in a more timely product for applications covering large geographical regions. Our approach uses readily available agricultural areal estimates to enable automation of the classification process resulting in a map identifying land cover as ‘highly likely corn,’ ‘likely corn’ or ‘unlikely corn.’ To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we produced a map consisting of the three corn likelihood classes using a Landsat image in south central Nebraska. Overall classification accuracy of the map was 92.2% when compared to ground reference data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2003.09.001","issn":"01681699","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., Nuckols, J., Ward, M., and Hoffer, R., 2004, An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, v. 43, no. 1, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2003.09.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2003.09.001"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1fe4b0c8380cd48651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuckols, J.R.","contributorId":85385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, M.H.","contributorId":35939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffer, R.M.","contributorId":6861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffer","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026885,"text":"70026885 - 2004 - Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026885","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo volcano","docAbstract":"The frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes measured by the b-value is mapped in two and three dimensions at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, to a depth of 14 km below the summit. We analyzed 1406 well-located earthquakes with magnitudes MD ???0.73, recorded from late June through August 1991, using the maximum likelihood method. We found that b-values are higher than normal (b = 1.0) and range between b = 1.0 and b = 1.8. The computed b-values are lower in the areas adjacent to and west-southwest of the vent, whereas two prominent regions of anomalously high b-values (b ??? 1.7) are resolved, one located 2 km northeast of the vent between 0 and 4 km depth and a second located 5 km southeast of the vent below 8 km depth. The statistical differences between selected regions of low and high b-values are established at the 99% confidence level. The high b-value anomalies are spatially well correlated with low-velocity anomalies derived from earlier P-wave travel-time tomography studies. Our dataset was not suitable for analyzing changes in b-values as a function of time. We infer that the high b-value anomalies around Mount Pinatubo are regions of increased crack density, and/or high pore pressure, related to the presence of nearby magma bodies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120020244","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, J., McNutt, S., Power, J., and Wyss, M., 2004, Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo volcano: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 430-438, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020244.","startPage":"430","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120020244"},{"id":235150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94bfe4b08c986b31ac25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, J.J.","contributorId":39168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}