Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, and often are surrounded by communities that consist of valuable real estate. Development is increasing despite the fact that coastal infrastructure may be repeatedly subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, the demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes is increasing. Working with researchers from the University of Hawaii, investigators with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project have compiled a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and shoreline-change rates for the islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii. No widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change currently exists. Current measurement and rate-calculation methods vary from study to study, precluding the combination of study results into statewide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment was to develop a standardized method for measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the measurements in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for Kauai, Maui, and Oahu that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in the Geospatial Data section of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Hawaii","usgsCitation":"Romine, B.M., Fletcher, C., Genz, A., Barbee, M.M., Dyer, M., Anderson, T.R., Lim, S.C., Vitousek, S., Bochicchio, C., and Richmond, B.M., 2012, National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the sandy shorelines of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1009, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111009.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1009.jpg"},{"id":254687,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kauai, Maui, O'ahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.89962768554685,\n 21.624239377938288\n ],\n [\n -157.87216186523438,\n 21.59231986280347\n ],\n [\n -157.85568237304688,\n 21.5731647743054\n ],\n [\n -157.82958984375,\n 21.542511366159946\n ],\n [\n -157.82958984375,\n 21.5080185422074\n ],\n [\n -157.8364562988281,\n 21.49013015124931\n ],\n [\n -157.82546997070312,\n 21.478629309978384\n ],\n [\n -157.81173706054688,\n 21.46968358313921\n ],\n [\n -157.78701782226562,\n 21.46968358313921\n ],\n [\n -157.76779174804688,\n 21.47735138264276\n ],\n [\n -157.73895263671875,\n 21.47223956115867\n ],\n [\n -157.71697998046875,\n 21.47096157775494\n ],\n [\n -157.71697998046875,\n 21.444121337131314\n ],\n [\n -157.72796630859372,\n 21.422389905231366\n ],\n [\n -157.70736694335938,\n 21.410883719938866\n ],\n [\n -157.68539428710938,\n 21.40449100321618\n ],\n [\n -157.6922607421875,\n 21.369965503124217\n ],\n [\n -157.68127441406247,\n 21.353339209476513\n ],\n [\n -157.65655517578125,\n 21.35078115067975\n ],\n [\n -157.64144897460938,\n 21.337990187100303\n ],\n [\n -157.63458251953122,\n 21.3124049136927\n ],\n [\n -157.65106201171875,\n 21.281696701343975\n ],\n [\n -157.67303466796875,\n 21.26506040855853\n ],\n [\n -157.69912719726562,\n 21.256101625916383\n ],\n [\n -157.7197265625,\n 21.252261980810378\n ],\n [\n -157.72384643554688,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -157.76092529296875,\n 21.263780615837838\n ],\n [\n -157.7801513671875,\n 21.250982076868247\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 21.248422235627014\n ],\n [\n -157.8240966796875,\n 21.257381485376463\n ],\n [\n -157.83920288085938,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -157.8570556640625,\n 21.27657804234913\n ],\n [\n -157.88177490234375,\n 21.286815182224142\n ],\n [\n -157.89688110351562,\n 21.294492569503646\n ],\n [\n -157.92434692382812,\n 21.29193348495502\n ],\n [\n -157.9463195800781,\n 21.295772095071854\n ],\n [\n -157.96417236328125,\n 21.307287323905406\n ],\n [\n -157.9833984375,\n 21.30600789859977\n ],\n [\n -158.03009033203125,\n 21.299610604945617\n ],\n [\n -158.07540893554688,\n 21.28553557870424\n ],\n [\n -158.11111450195312,\n 21.284255964050555\n ],\n [\n -158.1317138671875,\n 21.3124049136927\n ],\n [\n -158.14132690429688,\n 21.353339209476513\n ],\n [\n -158.16055297851562,\n 21.375080906078406\n ],\n [\n -158.17428588867188,\n 21.38531117571444\n ],\n [\n -158.19076538085938,\n 21.4134407283247\n ],\n [\n -158.20449829101562,\n 21.43900835015781\n ],\n [\n -158.22921752929688,\n 21.45818112714608\n ],\n [\n -158.24157714843747,\n 21.493963563064455\n ],\n [\n -158.24157714843747,\n 21.52334969729623\n ],\n [\n -158.25393676757812,\n 21.537401835046946\n ],\n [\n -158.26904296875,\n 21.55911609985187\n ],\n [\n -158.29376220703125,\n 21.5731647743054\n ],\n [\n -158.27728271484375,\n 21.59104293572423\n ],\n [\n -158.23883056640625,\n 21.59487368317261\n ],\n [\n -158.20724487304688,\n 21.596150576461437\n ],\n [\n -158.15505981445312,\n 21.602534873926643\n ],\n [\n -158.12210083007812,\n 21.608918889711333\n ],\n [\n -158.0987548828125,\n 21.619132728904606\n ],\n [\n -158.0767822265625,\n 21.64594062309775\n ],\n [\n -158.05343627929688,\n 21.68167673939553\n ],\n [\n -158.02871704101562,\n 21.70336934552424\n ],\n [\n -157.99575805664062,\n 21.719955603844944\n ],\n [\n -157.98065185546875,\n 21.72378293037045\n ],\n [\n -157.96279907226562,\n 21.72378293037045\n ],\n [\n -157.94082641601562,\n 21.700817443805004\n ],\n [\n -157.91885375976562,\n 21.6778482933475\n ],\n [\n -157.90924072265625,\n 21.651046324540445\n ],\n [\n -157.89962768554685,\n 21.624239377938288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.45904541015625,\n 20.92039691397189\n ],\n [\n -156.390380859375,\n 20.93578924489374\n ],\n [\n -156.33270263671875,\n 20.96656916027155\n ],\n [\n -156.29425048828125,\n 20.96656916027155\n ],\n [\n -156.2420654296875,\n 20.96143961409685\n ],\n [\n -156.19537353515625,\n 20.92296241226858\n ],\n [\n -156.14044189453125,\n 20.876776727727016\n ],\n [\n -156.08551025390625,\n 20.85624519604873\n ],\n [\n -156.04705810546875,\n 20.838277806058933\n ],\n [\n -155.99761962890625,\n 20.822875478868443\n ],\n [\n -155.9674072265625,\n 20.789498368542503\n ],\n [\n -155.9564208984375,\n 20.72785969717928\n ],\n [\n -156.0223388671875,\n 20.653346148076064\n ],\n [\n -156.11297607421875,\n 20.614790310333362\n ],\n [\n -156.19537353515625,\n 20.612219573881042\n ],\n [\n -156.22283935546875,\n 20.594223204225184\n ],\n [\n -156.28326416015625,\n 20.571081893508193\n ],\n [\n -156.35467529296872,\n 20.56079574020845\n ],\n [\n -156.42059326171875,\n 20.56336734348637\n ],\n [\n -156.45355224609375,\n 20.599365240955553\n ],\n [\n -156.46453857421872,\n 20.668765746375158\n ],\n [\n -156.4727783203125,\n 20.75868217465891\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 20.78693059257028\n ],\n [\n -156.5167236328125,\n 20.771523019513374\n ],\n [\n -156.5496826171875,\n 20.7663868125152\n ],\n [\n -156.610107421875,\n 20.79463378941528\n ],\n [\n -156.65679931640625,\n 20.820308271198467\n ],\n [\n -156.70074462890625,\n 20.894739516479788\n ],\n [\n -156.708984375,\n 20.956309891986706\n ],\n [\n -156.69525146484375,\n 21.00503514510042\n ],\n [\n -156.67327880859375,\n 21.030673628606117\n ],\n [\n -156.62933349609375,\n 21.046054602088628\n ],\n [\n -156.59088134765625,\n 21.056307701901847\n ],\n [\n -156.54693603515625,\n 21.035800796222002\n ],\n [\n -156.5167236328125,\n 20.992214250886114\n ],\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 20.953744964966834\n ],\n [\n -156.45904541015625,\n 20.92039691397189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.4610595703125, 22.24080219246335 ], [ -159.43359375, 22.24080219246335 ], [ -159.39239501953125, 22.24080219246335 ], [ -159.345703125, 22.2280904167845 ], [ -159.3072509765625, 22.179775161509696 ], [ -159.27154541015622, 22.121266045425767 ], [ -159.30450439453125, 22.057641623615734 ], [ -159.31549072265625, 22.01690695877902 ], [ -159.312744140625, 21.983801417384697 ], [ -159.33197021484375, 21.94304553343818 ], [ -159.378662109375, 21.886987120681574 ], [ -159.422607421875, 21.853851331021776 ], [ -159.4830322265625, 21.866596775776166 ], [ -159.55169677734372, 21.869145728216193 ], [ -159.63134765625, 21.88443848692486 ], [ -159.67803955078125, 21.93540250405031 ], [ -159.79339599609375, 21.983801417384697 ], [ -159.80712890625, 22.075459351546858 ], [ -159.78240966796875, 22.100909350572728 ], [ -159.75494384765622, 22.141619800738773 ], [ -159.752197265625, 22.169601410638865 ], [ -159.70001220703125, 22.187404991398775 ], [ -159.6533203125, 22.2026634080092 ], [ -159.61486816406247, 22.23063286414865 ], [ -159.57916259765625, 22.243344409235707 ], [ -159.5379638671875, 22.243344409235707 ], [ -159.50775146484375, 22.233175265402785 ], [ -159.4610595703125, 22.24080219246335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6192e4b0c8380cd71a3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romine, Bradley M.","contributorId":78972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Charles H.","contributorId":30286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Charles H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genz, Ayesha S.","contributorId":104319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genz","given":"Ayesha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbee, Matthew M.","contributorId":98151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbee","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dyer, Matthew","contributorId":70222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Tiffany R.","contributorId":97358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lim, S. Chyn","contributorId":86203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lim","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean","contributorId":11453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bochicchio, Christopher","contributorId":45553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bochicchio","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70038308,"text":"ofr20111051 - 2012 - National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T17:43:07","indexId":"ofr20111051","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1051","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"Sandy beaches of the United States are some of the most popular tourist and recreational destinations. Coastal property constitutes some of the most valuable real estate in the country. Beaches are an ephemeral environment between water and land with unique and fragile natural ecosystems that have evolved in equilibrium with the ever-changing winds, waves, and water levels. Beachfront lands are the site of intense residential and commercial development even though they are highly vulnerable to several natural hazards, including marine inundation, flooding and drainage problems, effects of storms, sea-level rise, and coastal erosion. Because the U.S. population continues to shift toward the coast where valuable coastal property is vulnerable to erosion, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a national assessment of coastal change. One aspect of this effort, the National Assessment of Shoreline Change, uses shoreline position as a proxy for coastal change because shoreline position is one of the most commonly monitored indicators of environmental change (for example, Fletcher, 1992; Dolan and others, 1991; Douglas and others, 1998; Galgano and others, 1998). Additionally, the National Research Council (1990) recommended the use of historical shoreline analysis in the absence of a widely accepted model of shoreline change.
\nA principal purpose of the USGS shoreline change research is to develop a common methodology so that shoreline change analyses for the continental U.S., portions of Hawaii, and Alaska can be updated periodically in a consistent and systematic manner. The primary objectives of this study were to (1) develop and implement improved methods of assessing and monitoring shoreline movement, and (2) improve current understanding of the processes controlling shoreline movement.
\nAchieving these ongoing long-term objectives requires research that (1) examines the original sources of shoreline data (for example, maps, air photos, global positioning system (GPS), Light Detection and Ranging (lidar)); (2) evaluates the utility of different shoreline proxies (for example, geomorphic feature, water mark, tidal datum, elevation), including the errors associated with each; (3) investigates bias and potential errors associated with integrating different shoreline proxies from different sources; (4) develops standard, uniform methods of shoreline change analysis; (5) examines the effects of human activities on shoreline movement and rates of change; and (6) investigates alternative mathematical methods for calculating historical rates of change and uncertainties associated with them.
\nThis report summarizes historical shoreline changes on the three most densely populated islands of the eight main Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oahu, and Maui. The report emphasizes the hazard from “chronic” (decades to centuries) erosion at regional scales and strives to relate this hazard to the body of knowledge regarding coastal geology of Hawaii because of its potential impact on natural resources, the economy, and society. Results are organized by coastal regions (island side) and sub-regions (common littoral characteristics). This report of Hawaii coasts is part of a series of reports that include text summarizing methods, results, and implications of the results. In addition, geographic information system (GIS) data used in the analyses are made available for download (Romine and others, 2012). The rates of shoreline change and products presented in this report are not intended for site-specific analysis of shoreline movement, nor are they intended to replace any official source of shoreline change information identified by local or State government agencies, or other Federal entities that are used for regulatory purposes.
\nRates of shoreline change presented herein may differ from other published rates, and differences do not necessarily indicate that the other rates are inaccurate. Some discrepancies are to be expected, considering the many possible ways of determining shoreline positions and rates of change, and the inherent uncertainty in calculating these rates. Rates of shoreline change presented in this report represent shoreline movement under past conditions and are not intended for use in predicting future shoreline positions or future rates of shoreline change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111051","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, C., Romine, B.M., Genz, A., Barbee, M.M., Dyer, M., Anderson, T.R., Lim, S.C., Vitousek, S., Bochicchio, C., and Richmond, B.M., 2012, National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change in the Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1051, vii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111051.","productDescription":"vii, 55 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1051.jpg"},{"id":254688,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kauai, Maui, Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.89962768554685,\n 21.624239377938288\n ],\n [\n -157.87216186523438,\n 21.59231986280347\n ],\n [\n -157.85568237304688,\n 21.5731647743054\n ],\n [\n -157.82958984375,\n 21.542511366159946\n ],\n [\n -157.82958984375,\n 21.5080185422074\n ],\n [\n -157.8364562988281,\n 21.49013015124931\n ],\n [\n -157.82546997070312,\n 21.478629309978384\n ],\n [\n -157.81173706054688,\n 21.46968358313921\n ],\n [\n -157.78701782226562,\n 21.46968358313921\n ],\n [\n -157.76779174804688,\n 21.47735138264276\n ],\n [\n -157.73895263671875,\n 21.47223956115867\n ],\n [\n -157.71697998046875,\n 21.47096157775494\n ],\n [\n -157.71697998046875,\n 21.444121337131314\n ],\n [\n -157.72796630859372,\n 21.422389905231366\n ],\n [\n -157.70736694335938,\n 21.410883719938866\n ],\n [\n -157.68539428710938,\n 21.40449100321618\n ],\n [\n -157.6922607421875,\n 21.369965503124217\n ],\n [\n -157.68127441406247,\n 21.353339209476513\n ],\n [\n -157.65655517578125,\n 21.35078115067975\n ],\n [\n -157.64144897460938,\n 21.337990187100303\n ],\n [\n -157.63458251953122,\n 21.3124049136927\n ],\n [\n -157.65106201171875,\n 21.281696701343975\n ],\n [\n -157.67303466796875,\n 21.26506040855853\n ],\n [\n -157.69912719726562,\n 21.256101625916383\n ],\n [\n -157.7197265625,\n 21.252261980810378\n ],\n [\n -157.72384643554688,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -157.76092529296875,\n 21.263780615837838\n ],\n [\n -157.7801513671875,\n 21.250982076868247\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 21.248422235627014\n ],\n [\n -157.8240966796875,\n 21.257381485376463\n ],\n [\n -157.83920288085938,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -157.8570556640625,\n 21.27657804234913\n ],\n [\n -157.88177490234375,\n 21.286815182224142\n ],\n [\n -157.89688110351562,\n 21.294492569503646\n ],\n [\n -157.92434692382812,\n 21.29193348495502\n ],\n [\n -157.9463195800781,\n 21.295772095071854\n ],\n [\n -157.96417236328125,\n 21.307287323905406\n ],\n [\n -157.9833984375,\n 21.30600789859977\n ],\n [\n -158.03009033203125,\n 21.299610604945617\n ],\n [\n -158.07540893554688,\n 21.28553557870424\n ],\n [\n -158.11111450195312,\n 21.284255964050555\n ],\n [\n -158.1317138671875,\n 21.3124049136927\n ],\n [\n -158.14132690429688,\n 21.353339209476513\n ],\n [\n -158.16055297851562,\n 21.375080906078406\n ],\n [\n -158.17428588867188,\n 21.38531117571444\n ],\n [\n -158.19076538085938,\n 21.4134407283247\n ],\n [\n -158.20449829101562,\n 21.43900835015781\n ],\n [\n -158.22921752929688,\n 21.45818112714608\n ],\n [\n -158.24157714843747,\n 21.493963563064455\n ],\n [\n -158.24157714843747,\n 21.52334969729623\n ],\n [\n -158.25393676757812,\n 21.537401835046946\n ],\n [\n -158.26904296875,\n 21.55911609985187\n ],\n [\n -158.29376220703125,\n 21.5731647743054\n ],\n [\n -158.27728271484375,\n 21.59104293572423\n ],\n [\n -158.23883056640625,\n 21.59487368317261\n ],\n [\n -158.20724487304688,\n 21.596150576461437\n ],\n [\n -158.15505981445312,\n 21.602534873926643\n ],\n [\n -158.12210083007812,\n 21.608918889711333\n ],\n [\n -158.0987548828125,\n 21.619132728904606\n ],\n [\n -158.0767822265625,\n 21.64594062309775\n ],\n [\n -158.05343627929688,\n 21.68167673939553\n ],\n [\n -158.02871704101562,\n 21.70336934552424\n ],\n [\n -157.99575805664062,\n 21.719955603844944\n ],\n [\n -157.98065185546875,\n 21.72378293037045\n ],\n [\n -157.96279907226562,\n 21.72378293037045\n ],\n [\n -157.94082641601562,\n 21.700817443805004\n ],\n [\n -157.91885375976562,\n 21.6778482933475\n ],\n [\n -157.90924072265625,\n 21.651046324540445\n ],\n [\n -157.89962768554685,\n 21.624239377938288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.45904541015625,\n 20.92039691397189\n ],\n [\n -156.390380859375,\n 20.93578924489374\n ],\n [\n -156.33270263671875,\n 20.96656916027155\n ],\n [\n -156.29425048828125,\n 20.96656916027155\n ],\n [\n -156.2420654296875,\n 20.96143961409685\n ],\n [\n -156.19537353515625,\n 20.92296241226858\n ],\n [\n -156.14044189453125,\n 20.876776727727016\n ],\n [\n -156.08551025390625,\n 20.85624519604873\n ],\n [\n -156.04705810546875,\n 20.838277806058933\n ],\n [\n -155.99761962890625,\n 20.822875478868443\n ],\n [\n -155.9674072265625,\n 20.789498368542503\n ],\n [\n -155.9564208984375,\n 20.72785969717928\n ],\n [\n -156.0223388671875,\n 20.653346148076064\n ],\n [\n -156.11297607421875,\n 20.614790310333362\n ],\n [\n -156.19537353515625,\n 20.612219573881042\n ],\n [\n -156.22283935546875,\n 20.594223204225184\n ],\n [\n -156.28326416015625,\n 20.571081893508193\n ],\n [\n -156.35467529296872,\n 20.56079574020845\n ],\n [\n -156.42059326171875,\n 20.56336734348637\n ],\n [\n -156.45355224609375,\n 20.599365240955553\n ],\n [\n -156.46453857421872,\n 20.668765746375158\n ],\n [\n -156.4727783203125,\n 20.75868217465891\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 20.78693059257028\n ],\n [\n -156.5167236328125,\n 20.771523019513374\n ],\n [\n -156.5496826171875,\n 20.7663868125152\n ],\n [\n -156.610107421875,\n 20.79463378941528\n ],\n [\n -156.65679931640625,\n 20.820308271198467\n ],\n [\n -156.70074462890625,\n 20.894739516479788\n ],\n [\n -156.708984375,\n 20.956309891986706\n ],\n [\n -156.69525146484375,\n 21.00503514510042\n ],\n [\n -156.67327880859375,\n 21.030673628606117\n ],\n [\n -156.62933349609375,\n 21.046054602088628\n ],\n [\n -156.59088134765625,\n 21.056307701901847\n ],\n [\n -156.54693603515625,\n 21.035800796222002\n ],\n [\n -156.5167236328125,\n 20.992214250886114\n ],\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 20.953744964966834\n ],\n [\n -156.45904541015625,\n 20.92039691397189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.4610595703125, 22.24080219246335 ], [ -159.43359375, 22.24080219246335 ], [ -159.39239501953125, 22.24080219246335 ], [ -159.345703125, 22.2280904167845 ], [ -159.3072509765625, 22.179775161509696 ], [ -159.27154541015622, 22.121266045425767 ], [ -159.30450439453125, 22.057641623615734 ], [ -159.31549072265625, 22.01690695877902 ], [ -159.312744140625, 21.983801417384697 ], [ -159.33197021484375, 21.94304553343818 ], [ -159.378662109375, 21.886987120681574 ], [ -159.422607421875, 21.853851331021776 ], [ -159.4830322265625, 21.866596775776166 ], [ -159.55169677734372, 21.869145728216193 ], [ -159.63134765625, 21.88443848692486 ], [ -159.67803955078125, 21.93540250405031 ], [ -159.79339599609375, 21.983801417384697 ], [ -159.80712890625, 22.075459351546858 ], [ -159.78240966796875, 22.100909350572728 ], [ -159.75494384765622, 22.141619800738773 ], [ -159.752197265625, 22.169601410638865 ], [ -159.70001220703125, 22.187404991398775 ], [ -159.6533203125, 22.2026634080092 ], [ -159.61486816406247, 22.23063286414865 ], [ -159.57916259765625, 22.243344409235707 ], [ -159.5379638671875, 22.243344409235707 ], [ -159.50775146484375, 22.233175265402785 ], [ -159.4610595703125, 22.24080219246335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a625fe4b0c8380cd71ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Charles H.","contributorId":30286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Charles H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romine, Bradley M.","contributorId":78972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genz, Ayesha S.","contributorId":104319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genz","given":"Ayesha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbee, Matthew M.","contributorId":98151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbee","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dyer, Matthew","contributorId":70222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Tiffany R.","contributorId":97358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lim, S. Chyn","contributorId":86203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lim","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean 0000-0002-3369-4673 svitousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-4673","contributorId":149065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bochicchio, Christopher","contributorId":45553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bochicchio","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. brichmond@usgs.gov","contributorId":172564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70038291,"text":"ofr20121085 - 2012 - Estimated water requirements for gold heap-leach operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-20T15:33:40","indexId":"ofr20121085","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1085","title":"Estimated water requirements for gold heap-leach operations","docAbstract":"This report provides a perspective on the amount of water necessary for conventional gold heap-leach operations. Water is required for drilling and dust suppression during mining, for agglomeration and as leachate during ore processing, to support the workforce (requires water in potable form and for sanitation), for minesite reclamation, and to compensate for water lost to evaporation and leakage. Maintaining an adequate water balance is especially critical in areas where surface and groundwater are difficult to acquire because of unfavorable climatic conditions [arid conditions and (or) a high evaporation rate]; where there is competition with other uses, such as for agriculture, industry, and use by municipalities; and where compliance with regulatory requirements may restrict water usage. Estimating the water consumption of heap-leach operations requires an understanding of the heap-leach process itself. The task is fairly complex because, although they all share some common features, each gold heap-leach operation is unique. Also, estimating the water consumption requires a synthesis of several fields of science, including chemistry, ecology, geology, hydrology, and meteorology, as well as consideration of economic factors.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121085","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., 2012, Estimated water requirements for gold heap-leach operations (Revised December 11, 2012, Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1085, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121085.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1085.gif"},{"id":254673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised December 11, 2012, Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ab0e4b0c8380cd5242d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038302,"text":"ofr20121083 - 2012 - Observations of coastal sediment dynamics of the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project, Imperial Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T11:11:00","indexId":"ofr20121083","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1083","title":"Observations of coastal sediment dynamics of the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project, Imperial Beach, California","docAbstract":"Coastal restoration and management must address the presence, use, and transportation of fine sediment, yet little information exists on the patterns and/or processes of fine-sediment transport and deposition for these systems. To fill this information gap, a number of State of California, Federal, and private industry partners developed the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project (\"Demonstration Project\") with the purpose of monitoring the transport, fate, and impacts of fine sediment from beach-sediment nourishments in 2008 and 2009 near the Tijuana River estuary, Imperial Beach, California. The primary purpose of the Demonstration Project was to collect and provide information about the directions, rates, and processes of fine-sediment transport along and across a California beach and nearshore setting. To achieve these goals, the U.S. Geological Survey monitored water, beach, and seafloor properties during the 2008–2009 Demonstration Project. The project utilized sediment with ~40 percent fine sediment by mass so that the dispersal and transport of fine sediment would be easily recognizable. The purpose of this report is to present and disseminate the data collected during the physical monitoring of the Demonstration Project. These data are available online at the links noted in the \"Additional Digital Information\" section. Synthesis of these data and results will be provided in subsequent publications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121083","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Rosenberger, K.J., Lam, A., Ferreira, J.C., Miller, I.M., Rippy, M., Svejkovsky, J., and Mustain, N., 2012, Observations of coastal sediment dynamics of the Tijuana Estuary Fine Sediment Fate and Transport Demonstration Project, Imperial Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1083, iv, 29 p.; Downloads of Appendices 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121083.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.; Downloads of Appendices 1-8","startPage":"i","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254679,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1083.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Beach","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a8ae4b0c8380cd74216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. krosenberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lam, Angela","contributorId":37312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lam","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferreira, Joanne C. T. 0000-0001-7387-5690 jferreira@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-5690","contributorId":4845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Joanne","email":"jferreira@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rippy, Meg","contributorId":34367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rippy","given":"Meg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Svejkovsky, Jan","contributorId":53208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svejkovsky","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mustain, Neomi","contributorId":96777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustain","given":"Neomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70038293,"text":"ofr20121089 - 2012 - Estimated water requirements for the conventional flotation of copper ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-05T01:01:37","indexId":"ofr20121089","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1089","title":"Estimated water requirements for the conventional flotation of copper ores","docAbstract":"This report provides a perspective on the amount of water used by a conventional copper flotation plant. Water is required for many activities at a mine-mill site, including ore production and beneficiation, dust and fire suppression, drinking and sanitation, and minesite reclamation. The water required to operate a flotation plant may outweigh all of the other uses of water at a mine site, [however,] and the need to maintain a water balance is critical for the plant to operate efficiently. Process water may be irretrievably lost or not immediately available for reuse in the beneficiation plant because it has been used in the production of backfill slurry from tailings to provide underground mine support; because it has been entrapped in the tailings stored in the TSF, evaporated from the TSF, or leaked from pipes and (or) the TSF; and because it has been retained as moisture in the concentrate. Water retained in the interstices of the tailings and the evaporation of water from the surface of the TSF are the two most significant contributors to water loss at a conventional flotation circuit facility.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121089","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., 2012, Estimated water requirements for the conventional flotation of copper ores: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1089, iv, 9 p.; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121089.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.; Figures; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1089.gif"},{"id":254674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ab1e4b0c8380cd52430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038299,"text":"ofr20121015 - 2012 - Seismic hazard assessment for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-05T01:01:37","indexId":"ofr20121015","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1015","title":"Seismic hazard assessment for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"We present the results of a new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. The Mariana island arc has formed in response to northwestward subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Philippine Sea plate, and this process controls seismic activity in the region. Historical seismicity, the Mariana megathrust, and two crustal faults on Guam were modeled as seismic sources, and ground motions were estimated by using published relations for a firm-rock site condition. Maps of peak ground acceleration, 0.2-second spectral acceleration for 5 percent critical damping, and 1.0-second spectral acceleration for 5 percent critical damping were computed for exceedance probabilities of 2 percent and 10 percent in 50 years. For 2 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years, probabilistic peak ground acceleration is 0.94 gravitational acceleration at Guam and 0.57 gravitational acceleration at Saipan, 0.2-second spectral acceleration is 2.86 gravitational acceleration at Guam and 1.75 gravitational acceleration at Saipan, and 1.0-second spectral acceleration is 0.61 gravitational acceleration at Guam and 0.37 gravitational acceleration at Saipan. For 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years, probabilistic peak ground acceleration is 0.49 gravitational acceleration at Guam and 0.29 gravitational acceleration at Saipan, 0.2-second spectral acceleration is 1.43 gravitational acceleration at Guam and 0.83 gravitational acceleration at Saipan, and 1.0-second spectral acceleration is 0.30 gravitational acceleration at Guam and 0.18 gravitational acceleration at Saipan. The dominant hazard source at the islands is upper Benioff-zone seismicity (depth 40–160 kilometers). The large probabilistic ground motions reflect the strong concentrations of this activity below the arc, especially near Guam.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121015","usgsCitation":"Mueller, C.S., Haller, K., Luco, N., Petersen, M.D., and Frankel, A.D., 2012, Seismic hazard assessment for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1015, iv, 33 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121015.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1015.bmp"},{"id":254678,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Guam;Northern Mariana Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b16e4b08c986b3175a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Charles S. 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luco, Nicholas 0000-0002-5763-9847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":9895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038277,"text":"ofr20121063 - 2012 - Summary of data from onsite and laboratory analyses of surface water and marsh porewater from South Florida Water Management District Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, South Florida, March 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-07T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20121063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1063","title":"Summary of data from onsite and laboratory analyses of surface water and marsh porewater from South Florida Water Management District Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, South Florida, March 1995","docAbstract":"This report presents results of chemical analysis for samples collected during March, 1995, as part of a study to quantify the interaction of aquatic organic material (referred to here as dissolved organic carbon with dissolved metal ions). The work was done in conjunction with the South Florida Water Management District, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey South Florida Ecosystems Initiative, and the South Florida National Water Quality Assessment Study Unit. Samples were collected from surface canals and from marsh sites. Results are based on onsite and laboratory measurements for 27 samples collected at 10 locations. The data file contains sample description, dissolved organic carbon concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance, and additional analytical data for samples collected at several sites in the Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, south Florida.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121063","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Gunther, C.D., 2012, Summary of data from onsite and laboratory analyses of surface water and marsh porewater from South Florida Water Management District Water Conservation Areas, the Everglades, South Florida, March 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1063, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121063.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1063.gif"},{"id":254690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63333333333334,24.5 ], [ -87.63333333333334,31 ], [ -79.8,31 ], [ -79.8,24.5 ], [ -87.63333333333334,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9e60e4b08c986b31de69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunther, Charmaine D. cgunther@usgs.gov","contributorId":137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Charmaine","email":"cgunther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038275,"text":"ofr20121056 - 2012 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-04T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121056","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1056","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet navigation channel (MRGO) was constructed in the early 1960s to provide a safer and shorter route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans for deep-draft, ocean-going vessels and to promote the economic development of the Port of New Orleans. In 2006, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers developed a plan to de-authorize the MRGO. The plan called for a rock barrier to be constructed across the MRGO near Bayou La Loutre. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program began a study to document the impacts of the rock barrier on water-quality and flow before, during, and after its construction. Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data were collected in the MRGO and adjacent water bodies from August 2008 through December 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., Mize, S.V., and Lovelace, J.K., 2012, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and discharge data for the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, August 2008 through December 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1056, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121056.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-08-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1056.gif"},{"id":254665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Hopedale;Michoud;New Orleans;Violet;Yscloskey","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound;Lake Borgne;Lake Pontchartrain;Mississippi River-gulf Outlet;Violet Canal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.08333333333333,29.416666666666668 ], [ -90.08333333333333,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.16666666666667,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.16666666666667,29.416666666666668 ], [ -90.08333333333333,29.416666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce60e4b08c986b32e378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038262,"text":"ofr20121086 - 2012 - An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-03T01:01:43","indexId":"ofr20121086","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-02T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1086","title":"An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","docAbstract":"The October 2011 decommissioning of Condit Dam on the White Salmon River at river kilometer (rkm) 5.3 removed a significant fish passage barrier from the White Salmon River basin for the first time in nearly a century. This affords an opportunity to regain a potentially important drainage basin for Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) production. In anticipation of Pacific lamprey recolonization or reintroduction, aquatic resource managers, such as the Yakama Nation (YN), are planning to perform surveys in the White Salmon River and its tributaries. The likely survey objectives will be to investigate the presence of lamprey, habitat conditions, and habitat availability. In preparation for this work, a compilation and review of the relevant aquatic habitat and biological information on the White Salmon River was conducted. References specific to the White Salmon River were collected and an annotated bibliography was produced including reports containing:
\n•Spatial information about where various habitat surveys or monitoring have occurred over the past 20 years;
\n•Database information relevant to habitat attributes (for example, pools, riffles, or glides);
\n•Riparian surveys along major tributary streams;
\n•Water temperature and sediment information;
\n•Lamprey surveys, observations, and collections;
\n•Spawning gravel surveys; and
\n•Surveys that inventory habitat degradation or other environmental factors that may limit potential future productivity of lamprey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.B., 2012, An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1086, iv, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121086.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1086.jpg"},{"id":254647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fbe4b0c8380cd48585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038263,"text":"ofr20111132 - 2012 - Pharmaceuticals, hormones, anthropogenic waste indicators, and total estrogenicity in liquid and solid samples from municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-03T01:01:43","indexId":"ofr20111132","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-02T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1132","title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, anthropogenic waste indicators, and total estrogenicity in liquid and solid samples from municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering","docAbstract":"The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants, or trace organic compounds, in surface water has resulted in research and monitoring efforts to identify contaminant sources to surface waters and to better understand loadings from these sources. Wastewater treatment plant discharges have been identified as an important point source of trace organic compounds to surface water and understanding the transport and transformation of these contaminants through wastewater treatment process is essential to controlling their introduction to receiving waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, AECOM Technology Corporation, and the Water Environment Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Gray, J.L., Quanrud, D.M., Teske, S.S., Werner, S.L., Esposito, K., Marine, J., Ela, W.P., Zaugg, S.D., Phillips, P., and Stinson, B., 2012, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, anthropogenic waste indicators, and total estrogenicity in liquid and solid samples from municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1132, v, 7 p.; Data Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111132.","productDescription":"v, 7 p.; Data Tables Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1132.png"},{"id":254646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7870e4b0c8380cd786ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quanrud, David M.","contributorId":89415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quanrud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teske, Sondra S.","contributorId":90607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teske","given":"Sondra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esposito, Kathleen","contributorId":21835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marine, Jeremy","contributorId":24647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ela, Wendell P.","contributorId":96543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ela","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stinson, Beverley","contributorId":17105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"Beverley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70038252,"text":"ofr20121025 - 2012 - Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-02T12:00:53","indexId":"ofr20121025","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1025","title":"Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Global sea level rose about 0.56 feet (ft) (170 millimeters (mm)) during the 20th century. Since the 1960s, sea level has risen at Bridgeport, Connecticut, about 0.38 ft (115 mm), at a rate of 0.008 ft (2.56 mm + or - 0.58 mm) per year. With regional subsidence, and with predicted global climate change, sea level is expected to continue to rise along the northeast coast of the United States through the 21st century. Increasing sea levels will cause groundwater levels in coastal areas to rise in order to adjust to the new conditions. Some regional climate models predict wetter climate in the northeastern United States under some scenarios. Scenarios for the resulting higher groundwater levels have the potential to inundate underground infrastructure in lowlying coastal cities. New Haven is a coastal city in Connecticut surrounded and bisected by tidally affected waters. Monitoring of water levels in wells in New Haven from August 2009 to July 2010 indicates the complex effects of urban influence on groundwater levels. The response of groundwater levels to recharge and season varied considerably from well to well. Groundwater temperatures varied seasonally, but were warmer than what was typical for Connecticut, and they seem to reflect the influence of the urban setting, including the effects of conduits for underground utilities. Specific conductance was elevated in many of the wells, indicating the influence of urban activities or seawater in Long Island Sound. A preliminary steady-state model of groundwater flow for part of New Haven was constructed using MODFLOW to simulate current groundwater levels (2009-2010) and future groundwater levels based on scenarios with a rise of 3 ft (0.91 meters (m)) in sea level, which is predicted for the end of the 21st century. An additional simulation was run assuming a 3-ft rise in sea level combined with a 12-percent increase in groundwater recharge. The model was constructed from existing hydrogeologic information for the New Haven area and from new information on groundwater levels collected during October 2009-June 2010. For the scenario with a 3-ft rise in sea level and no increase in recharge, simulated groundwater levels near the coast rose 3 ft; this increased water level tapered off toward a discharge area at the only nontidal stream in the study area. Simulated stream discharge increased at the nontidal stream because of the increased gradient. Although groundwater levels rose, the simulated difference between the groundwater levels in the aquifer and the increased sea level declined, indicating that the depth to the interface between freshwater and saltwater may possibly decline. Simulated water levels were affected by rise in sea level even in areas where the water table was at 17-24 ft (5.2-7.3 m) above current (2011) sea level. For the scenario with increased recharge, simulated groundwater levels were as much as an additional foot higher at some locations in the study area. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that groundwater levels in coastal areas can be expected to rise and may rise higher if groundwater recharge also increases. This finding has implications for the disposal of stormwater through infiltration, a low-impact development practice designed to improve water quality and reduce overland peak discharge. Other implications include increased risk of basement flooding and increased groundwater seepage into underground sewer pipes and utility corridors in some areas. These implications will present engineering challenges to New Haven and Yale University. The preliminary model developed for this study can be the starting point for further simulation of future alternative scenarios for sea-level rise and recharge. Further simulations could identify those areas of New Haven where infrastructure may be at greatest risk from rising levels of groundwater. The simulations described in this report have limitations due to the preliminary scope of the work. Approaches to improve simulations include but are not limited to incorporating: * The variable density of seawater into the model in order to understand the current and future location of the interface between freshwater and saltwater; * Collection of additional data in order to better resolve temporal and spatial patterns in water levels in the aquifer; * Improved estimates of recharge through direct and indirect measurements of freshwater discharge from the study area; and * Transient simulations for greater understanding of the amount of time required for water levels and the position of the interface between freshwater and saltwater to adjust to changes in sea level and recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yale University","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Mullaney, J.R., Stone, J.R., Skinner, B.J., and Ramlow, M.A., 2012, Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1025, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121025.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254637,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1025.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"New Haven","otherGeospatial":"New Haven Harbor;West River;Mill River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8851e4b0c8380cd7d847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, Brian J.","contributorId":75371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramlow, Matthew A.","contributorId":93758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramlow","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038258,"text":"ofr20121071 - 2012 - R-SWAT-FME user's guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-08T01:01:39","indexId":"ofr20121071","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1071","title":"R-SWAT-FME user's guide","docAbstract":"R program language-Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Flexible Modeling Environment (R-SWAT-FME) (Wu and Liu, 2012) is a comprehensive modeling framework that adopts an R package, Flexible Modeling Environment (FME) (Soetaert and Petzoldt, 2010), for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (Arnold and others, 1998; Neitsch and others, 2005). This framework provides the functionalities of parameter identifiability, model calibration, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis with instant visualization. This user's guide shows how to apply this framework for a customized SWAT project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121071","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2012, R-SWAT-FME user's guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1071, iii, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121071.","productDescription":"iii, 5 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1071.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a931ee4b0c8380cd80c14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038233,"text":"ofr20121048 - 2012 - Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T17:28:33","indexId":"ofr20121048","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1048","title":"Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"During a preliminary mineral resource assessment of Afghanistan (Peters and others, 2007), 24 mineralized areas of interest (AOIs) were highlighted as the focus for future economic development throughout various parts of the country. In addition to located mineral resources of value, development of a viable mining industry in Afghanistan will require the location of suitable groundwater resources for drinking, processing of mineral ores for use or for export, and for agriculture and food production in areas surrounding and supporting future mining enterprises. This report and accompanying GIS datasets describe the results of both automated and manual mapping of lineaments throughout the 24 mineral occurrence AOIs described in detail by Peters and others (2007; 2011). For this study, we define lineaments as \"mappable linear or curvilinear features of a surface whose parts align in a straight or slightly curving relationship that may be the expression of a fault or other linear zones of weakness\" as derived from remote sensing sources such as optical imagery, radar imagery or digital elevation models (DEMs) (Sabins, 2007).
\nWater wells in bedrock aquifers are generally more productive where boreholes intersect fractures or fracture zones. Lineament identification and analysis have long been used as a reconnaissance tool to identify such favorable conditions for groundwater resources in carbonate bedrock environments (Lattman and Parizek, 1964; Siddiqui and Parizek, 1971). More recently, lineament analysis has been used to identify areas of greater well yields in other bedrock settings, such as crystalline bedrock (Mabee and other, 1994; Moore and others, 2002). Lineaments provide an indication of bedrock areas that warrant further investigation for optimal water well placement. They may also indicate areas of preferential flow and storage of groundwater, and, thus, areas with a greater density of lineaments may indicate greater secondary porosity. Lineaments may indicate structurally trending mineralized areas (for example, Mars and Rowan, 2007), or locations of near-surface water resources, especially when surface vegetation growth coincides with lineaments.
\nThe purpose of this report and accompanying GIS data is to provide lineament maps that give one indication of areas that warrant further investigation for optimal bedrock water-well placement within 24 target areas for mineral resources (Peters and others, 2011). These data may also support the identification of faults related to modern seismic hazards (for example, Wheeler and others, 2005; Ruleman and others, 2007), as well as support studies attempting to understand the relationship between tectonic and structural controls on hydrothermal fluid flow, subsequent mineralization, and water-quality issues near mined and unmined mineral deposits (for example, Eppinger and others, 2007).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghanistan Geological Survey, Ministry of Mines under the auspices of the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, B.E., Mack, T.J., and Thompson, A.L., 2012, Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1048, iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121048.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1048.gif"},{"id":254623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 61,29.5 ], [ 61,38 ], [ 75,38 ], [ 75,29.5 ], [ 61,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47abe4b0c8380cd6791a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Allyson L.","contributorId":90575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Allyson","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038194,"text":"ofr20121078 - 2012 - Preliminary observations of voluminous ice-rich and water-rich lahars generated during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T08:31:00","indexId":"ofr20121078","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T17:52:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1078","title":"Preliminary observations of voluminous ice-rich and water-rich lahars generated during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt, Alaska","docAbstract":"Redoubt Volcano in south-central Alaska began erupting on March 15, 2009, and by April 4, 2009, had produced at least 20 explosive events that generated plumes of ash and lahars. The 3,108-m high, snow- and -ice-clad stratovolcano has an ice-filled summit crater that is breached to the north. The volcano supports about 4 km3 of ice and snow and about 1 km3 of this makes up the Drift glacier on the northern side of the volcano. Explosive eruptions between March 22 and April 4, which included the destruction of at least two lava domes, triggered significant lahars in the Drift River valley on March 23 and April 4 and several smaller lahars between March 24 and March 31. High-flow marks, character of deposits, areas of inundation, and estimates of flow velocity revealed that the lahars on March 23 and April 4 were the largest of the eruption. In the 2-km-wide upper Drift River valley, average flow depths were about 3–5 m. Average peak-flow velocities were likely between 10 and 15 ms-1, and peak discharges were on the order of 104–105 m3s-1. The area inundated by lahars on March 23 was at least 100 km2 and on April 4 about 125 km2. The lahars emplaced on March 23 and April 4 had volumes on the order of 107–108 m3 and were similar in size to the largest lahar of the 1989–90 eruption. The March 23 lahars were primarily flowing slurries of snow and ice entrained from the Drift glacier and seasonal snow and tabular blocks of river ice from the Drift River valley. Only a single, undifferentiated deposit up to 5 m thick was found and contained about 80–95 percent of poorly sorted, massive to imbricate assemblages of snow and ice. The deposit was frozen soon after it was emplaced and later eroded and buried by the April 4 lahar. The lahar of April 4, in contrast, was primarily a hyperconcentrated flow, as interpreted from 1- to 6-m thick deposits of massive to horizontally stratified sand-to-fine-gravel. Rock material in the April 4 lahar deposit is predominantly juvenile andesite. We infer that the lahars generated on March 23 were initiated by a rapid succession of vent-clearing explosions that blasted through about 50–100 m of crater-filling glacier ice and snow, producing a voluminous release of meltwater from the Drift glacier. The resulting flood eroded and entrained snow, fragments of glacier and river ice, and liquid water along its flow path. Small-volume pyroclastic flows, possibly associated with destruction of a small dome or minor eruption-column collapses, may have contributed additional meltwater to the lahar. Meltwater generated by subglacial hydrothermal activity and stored beneath the Drift glacier may have been ejected or released rapidly as well. The April 4 lahar was initiated when hot dome-collapse pyroclastic flows entrained and swiftly melted snow and ice, and incorporated additional rock debris from the Drift glacier. The peak discharge of the April 4 lahar was in the range of 60,000–160,000 m3s-1. For comparison, the largest lahar of the 1989–90 eruption had a peak discharge of about 80,000 m3s-1. Lahars generated by the 2009 eruption led to significant channel aggradation in the lower Drift River valley and caused extensive inundation at an oil storage and transfer facility located there. The April 4, 2009, lahar was 6–30 times larger than the largest meteorological floods known or estimated in the Drift River drainage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121078","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Pierson, T.C., Major, J.J., and Scott, W.E., 2012, Preliminary observations of voluminous ice-rich and water-rich lahars generated during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1078, vi, 18 p.; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121078.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.; Figures; Tables","temporalStart":"2009-03-15","temporalEnd":"2009-04-04","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1078.jpg"},{"id":254596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -152.28333333333333,60.53333333333333 ], [ -152.28333333333333,60.71666666666667 ], [ -152.05,60.71666666666667 ], [ -152.05,60.53333333333333 ], [ -152.28333333333333,60.53333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8938e4b0c8380cd7dd4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038175,"text":"ofr20121068 - 2012 - Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"ofr20121068","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1068","title":"Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945-2011","docAbstract":"The Nisqually River drains the southwest slopes of Mount Rainier, a glaciated stratovolcano in the Cascade Range of western Washington. The Nisqually River was impounded behind Alder Dam when the dam was completed in 1945 and formed Alder Lake. This report quantifies the volume of sediment deposited by the Nisqually and Little Nisqually Rivers in their respective deltas in Alder Lake since 1945. Four digital elevation surfaces were generated from historical contour maps from 1945, 1956, and 1985, and a bathymetric survey from 2011. These surfaces were used to compute changes in sediment volume since 1945. Estimates of the volume of sediment deposited in Alder Lake between 1945 and 2011 were focused in three areas: (1) the Nisqually River delta, (2) the main body of Alder Lake, along a 40-meter wide corridor of the pre-dam Nisqually River, and (3) the Little Nisqually River delta. In each of these areas the net deposition over the 66-year period was 42,000,000 ± 4,000,000 cubic meters (m3), 2,000,000 ± 600,000 m3, and 310,000 ± 110,000 m3, respectively. These volumes correspond to annual rates of accumulation of 630,000 ± 60,000 m3/yr, 33,000 ± 9,000 m3/yr, and 4,700 ± 1,600 m3/yr, respectively. The annual sediment yield of the Nisqually (1,100 ± 100 cubic meters per year per square kilometer [(m3/yr)/km2]) and Little Nisqually River basins [70 ± 24 (m3/yr)/km2] provides insight into the yield of two basins with different land cover and geomorphic processes. These estimates suggest that a basin draining a glaciated stratovolcano yields approximately 15 times more sediment than a basin draining forested uplands in the Cascade Range. Given the cumulative net change in sediment volume in the Nisqually River delta in Alder Lake, the total capacity of Alder Lake since 1945 decreased about 3 percent by 1956, 8 percent by 1985, and 15 percent by 2011.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pierce County Public Works and Utilities, Surface Water Management, and King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Olsen, T.D., Czuba, C.R., Magirl, C.S., and Gish, C.C., 2012, Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1068, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121068.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"36","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1945-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1068.jpg"},{"id":254584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Alder Lake;Nisqually River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f425e4b0c8380cd4bb81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gish, Casey C.","contributorId":55245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gish","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038167,"text":"ofr20121047 - 2012 - Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T15:09:13","indexId":"ofr20121047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1047","title":"Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected during October 2009–January 2011 to characterize nutrient and bacteria concentrations in stormwater runoff from agricultural fields that receive wastewater originating at a swine facility at North Carolina State University's Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory (LWRFL) in Wake County, North Carolina. The swine facility consists of six swine houses, two wastewater storage lagoons, and wastewater spray fields. The data-collection network consisted of 11 sampling sites, including 4 wastewater sites, 3 in-field runoff sites, and 4 stream sites. Continuous precipitation data were recorded with a raingage to document rainfall conditions during the study.
\nStudy sites were sampled for laboratory analysis of nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS), and (or) fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Nutrient analyses included measurement of dissolved ammonia, total and dissolved ammonia + organic nitrogen, dissolved nitrate + nitrite, dissolved orthophosphate, and total phosphorus. The FIB analyses included measurement of Escherichia coli and enterococci. Samples of wastewater at the swine facility were collected from a pipe outfall from the swine housing units, two storage lagoons, and the spray fields for analysis of nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Soil samples collected from a spray field were analyzed for FIB. Monitoring locations were established for collecting discharge and water-quality data during storm events at three in-field runoff sites and two sites on the headwater stream (one upstream and one downstream) next to the swine facility. Stormflow samples at the five monitoring locations were collected for four storm events during 2009 to 2010 and analyzed for nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Monthly water samples also were collected during base-flow conditions at all four stream sites for laboratory analysis of nutrients, TSS, and (or) FIB.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., Rogers, S.W., Jahne, M.A., Shaffer, C.E., and Smith, D.G., 2012, Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1047, vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121047.","productDescription":"vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1047.jpg"},{"id":254578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Wake County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d3e4b0c8380cd4bf48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Shane W.","contributorId":21017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahne, Michael A.","contributorId":90968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahne","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Carrie E.","contributorId":104321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038166,"text":"ofr20121013 - 2012 - Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T16:42:42.571169","indexId":"ofr20121013","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1013","title":"Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area's water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, during October 2007 through September 2008. Major findings for this period include:
\n•Antecedent drought conditions during 2007 contributed to below-average flows at streams throughout the study area during 2008. Continuous records from 9 of the 10 project stream gages documented below-average streamflow during most of the year.
\n•More than 8,000 individual measurements of water quality were made at a total of 27 sites—15 in the Neuse River Basin and 12 in the Cape Fear River Basin.
\n•North Carolina water-quality standards were exceeded one or more times for nine constituents, including dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen percent saturation, pH, chlorophyll a, mercury, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Exceedances occurred at 26 sites, 14 of which were in the Neuse River Basin, and 12 of which were in the Cape Fear River Basin.
\n•Stream samples collected during storm events contained elevated concentrations of iron, copper, and total phosphorus relative to non-storm samples.
\n•The first full year of sampling was completed for a new project site at Lake Butner in Granville County. Among all lakes sampled during 2008, Lake Butner had the lowest concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and specific conductance and the highest water clarity.
\n•Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were within ranges observed during previous years; however, Falls Lake at U.S. Interstate 85 had elevated levels of nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus relative to other sites.
\n•Five lakes had chlorophyll a concentrations in excess of 40 micrograms per liter at least once during 2008, including Little River Reservoir, Falls Lake, Lake Benson, University Lake, and Jordan Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Giorgino, M., Rasmussen, R., and Pfeifle, C., 2012, Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1013, iv, 12 p.; Table 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121013.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Table 2","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/data/OFR2012-1013_Table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":503706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/pdf/2012-1013.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1013.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Fear And Neuse River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,36.25 ], [ -78.25,36.25 ], [ -78.25,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a913fe4b0c8380cd80186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giorgino, M. J.","contributorId":97149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"M.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, R. B.","contributorId":90395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeifle, C.A.","contributorId":57304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeifle","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038162,"text":"ofr20121054 - 2012 - Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T09:09:54","indexId":"ofr20121054","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1054","title":"Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","docAbstract":"Throughout the 20th century, the Greater Everglades Ecosystem of south Florida was greatly altered by human activities. Construction of water-control structures and facilities altered the natural hydrologic patterns of the south Florida region and consequently impacted the coastal ecosystem. Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem is guided by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), which is attempting to reverse some of the impacts of water management. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential to understand the predevelopment conditions (circa 1900 Common Era, CE) of the natural system, including the estuaries. The purpose of this report is to use empirical data derived from analyses of estuarine sediment cores and observations of modern hydrologic and salinity conditions to provide information on the natural system circa 1900 CE. A three-phase approach, developed in 2009, couples paleosalinity estimates derived from sediment cores to upstream hydrology using statistical models prepared from existing monitoring data. Results presented here update and improve previous analyses. A statistical method of estimating the paleosalinity from the core information improves the previous assemblage analyses, and the system of linear regression models was significantly upgraded and expanded.
\nThe upgraded method of coupled paleosalinity and hydrologic models was applied to the analysis of the circa-1900 CE segments of five estuarine sediment cores collected in Florida Bay. Comparisons of the observed mean stage (water level) data to the paleoecology-based model's averaged output show that the estimated stage in the Everglades wetlands was 0.3 to 1.6 feet higher at different locations. Observed mean flow data compared to the paleoecology-based model output show an estimated flow into Shark River Slough at Tamiami Trail of 401 to 2,539 cubic feet per second (cfs) higher than existing flows, and at Taylor Slough Bridge an estimated flow of 48 to 218 cfs above existing flows. For salinity in Florida Bay, the difference between paleoecology-based and observed mean salinity varies across the bay, from an aggregated average salinity of 14.7 less than existing in the northeastern basin to 1.0 less than existing in the western basin near the transition into the Gulf of Mexico. When the salinity differences are compared by region, the difference between paleoecology-based conditions and existing conditions are spatially consistent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121054","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F., and Wingard, G., 2012, Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses (Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012; Revised August 15, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1054, 32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121054.","productDescription":"32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121054.jpg"},{"id":254568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Forida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","edition":"Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012; Revised August 15, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1227e4b0c8380cd541d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, F.E.","contributorId":103380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G.L.","contributorId":79981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038195,"text":"ofr20121076 - 2012 - Tagging age-1 Lost River and shortnose suckers with passive integrated transponders, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon–Summary of 2009–11 effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"ofr20121076","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-20T18:23:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1076","title":"Tagging age-1 Lost River and shortnose suckers with passive integrated transponders, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon–Summary of 2009–11 effort","docAbstract":"A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging study was initiated in 2009 for age-1 endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, for the purpose of examining causes of mortality, validating estimated age to maturity, and examining movement patterns. This study, which was done opportunistically in 2009 and 2010, received funding in 2011 for a directed tagging effort. Tags were redetected using an existing infrastructure of remote PIT tag readers and tag scanning surveys at American white pelican and double-crested cormorant breeding and loafing areas. Individual fish histories are used to describe the distance, direction, and timing of age-1 sucker movement. Sucker PIT tag detections in the Sprague and Williamson rivers in mid-summer and in autumn indicate age-1 suckers use these tributaries outside of the known spring spawning season. PIT tags detected in bird habitats indicate predation by birds may have been a cause of mortality in 2009. Field conditions prevented scanning bird breeding and loafing areas in Upper Klamath Wildlife National Refuge for tags in 2011, however, limiting our ability to make inferences about bird predation in those years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., 2012, Tagging age-1 Lost River and shortnose suckers with passive integrated transponders, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon–Summary of 2009–11 effort: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1076, iv, 7 p.; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121076.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.; Figures; Tables","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-30","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1076.jpg"},{"id":254597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.15,42.21666666666667 ], [ -112.15,42.65 ], [ -112.6,42.65 ], [ -112.6,42.21666666666667 ], [ -112.15,42.21666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3b8e4b08c986b31fe45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038138,"text":"ofr20121064 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Coquille River basin, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:15:16","indexId":"ofr20121064","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1064","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Coquille River basin, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Coquille River basin, which encompasses 2,745 km2 (square kilometers) of the southwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that: