{"pageNumber":"1011","pageRowStart":"25250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":1008368,"text":"1008368 - 2004 - Response of mountain meadows to grazing by recreational pack stock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T13:56:03","indexId":"1008368","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of mountain meadows to grazing by recreational pack stock","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effects of recreational pack stock grazing on mountain meadows in Yosemite National Park were assessed in a 5-year study. Yosemite is a designated wilderness, to be managed such that its natural conditions are preserved. Studies were conducted in 3 characteristic meadow types: shorthair sedge (</span><i>Carex filifolia</i><span> Nutt.), Brewer's reed grass (</span><i>Calamagrostis breweri</i><span> Thurber), and tufted hairgrass [</span><i>Deschampsia cespitosa</i><span> (L.) Beauv.]. Horses and mules grazed experimental plots at intensities of 15 to 69% utilization for 4 seasons. In all 3 meadows, grazing caused decreases in productivity. The mean reduction after 4 years of grazing was 18% in the shorthair sedge meadow, 17% in the Brewer's reed grass meadow, and 22% in the tufted hairgrass meadow. Grazing also caused shifts in basal groundcover (usually a reduction in vegetation cover and increase in bare soil cover), and changes in species composition. Productivity and vegetation cover decreased as percent utilization increased, while bare soil cover increased as utilization increased. Changes in species composition were less predictably related to differences in grazing intensity. Passive management of grazing is insufficient in wilderness areas that are regularly used by groups with recreational stock. Wilderness managers need to monitor meadow conditions and the grazing intensities that occur. Our study suggests that biomass and ground cover are more sensitive indicators of grazing impact than species composition. Managers must make decisions about maximum acceptable levels of grazing impact and then develop guidelines for maximum use levels, based on data such as ours that relates grazing intensity to meadow response.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0153:ROMMTG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cole, D.N., Van Wagtendonk, J.W., McClaran, M.P., Moore, P.E., and McDougald, N.K., 2004, Response of mountain meadows to grazing by recreational pack stock: Journal of Range Management, v. 57, no. 2, p. 153-160, https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0153:ROMMTG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"160","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643516","text":"External Repository"},{"id":130755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62838e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, David N.","contributorId":40086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McClaran, Mitchel P.","contributorId":15453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClaran","given":"Mitchel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Peggy E. 0000-0002-8481-2617 peggy_moore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-2617","contributorId":3365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Peggy","email":"peggy_moore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDougald, Neil K.","contributorId":139339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDougald","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12739,"text":"UC Cooperative Extension, Madera, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000935,"text":"1000935 - 2004 - Time-dependent lethal body residues for the toxicity of pentachlorobenzene to Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T11:37:00","indexId":"1000935","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependent lethal body residues for the toxicity of pentachlorobenzene to Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"<p><span>The study examined the temporal response of&nbsp;</span><i>Hyalella azteca</i><span>&nbsp;to pentachlorobenzene (PCBZ) in water-only exposures. Toxicity was evaluated by calculating the body residue of PCBZ associated with survival. The concentration of PCBZ in the tissues of&nbsp;</span><i>H. azteca</i><span>&nbsp;associated with 50% mortality decreased from 3 to 0.5 &mu;mol/g over the temporal range of 1 to 28 d, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the body residue calculated for 50% mortality when the value was determined using live or dead organisms. Metabolism of PCBZ was not responsible for the temporal response because no detectable PCBZ biotransformation occurred over an exposure period of 10 d. A damage assessment model was used to evaluate the impact and repair of damage by PCBZ on&nbsp;</span><i>H. azteca.</i><span>&nbsp;The toxicokinetics were determined so that the temporal toxicity data could be fit to a damage assessment model. The half-life calculated for the elimination of PCBZ averaged approximately 49 h, while the value determined for the half-life of damage repair from the damage assessment model was 33 h.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/03-164","usgsCitation":"Landrum, P.F., Steevens, J., Gossiaux, D.C., McElroy, M., Robinson, S., Begnoche, L., Chernyak, S., and Hickey, J., 2004, Time-dependent lethal body residues for the toxicity of pentachlorobenzene to Hyalella azteca: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1335-1343, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-164.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landrum, Peter F.","contributorId":20688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steevens, Jeffery A. 0000-0003-3946-1229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-1229","contributorId":65415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steevens","given":"Jeffery A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gossiaux, Duane C.","contributorId":7225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gossiaux","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McElroy, Michael","contributorId":6399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElroy","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, Sander","contributorId":13918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Sander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda","contributorId":63756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chernyak, Sergei","contributorId":98253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"Sergei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hickey, James","contributorId":98254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035448,"text":"70035448 - 2004 - A web-enabled system for integrated assessment of watershed development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035448","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A web-enabled system for integrated assessment of watershed development","docAbstract":"Researchers at Virginia Tech have put together the primary structure of a web enabled integrated modeling system that has potential to be a planning tool to help decision makers and stakeholders in making appropriate watershed management decisions. This paper describes the integrated system, including data sources, collection, analysis methods, system software and design, and issues of integrating the various component models. The integrated system has three modeling components, namely hydrology, economics, and fish health, and is accompanied by descriptive 'help files.' Since all three components have a related spatial aspect, GIS technology provides the integration platform. When completed, a user will access the integrated system over the web to choose pre-selected land development patterns to create a 'what if' scenario using an easy-to-follow interface. The hydrologic model simulates effects of the scenario on annual runoff volume, flood peaks of various return periods, and ground water recharge. The economics model evaluates tax revenue and fiscal costs as a result of a new land development scenario. The fish health model evaluates effects of new land uses in zones of influence to the health of fish populations in those areas. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001","conferenceDate":"20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40569(2001)113","isbn":"0784405697; 9780784405697","usgsCitation":"Dymond, R., Lohani, V., Regmi, B., and Dietz, R., 2004, A web-enabled system for integrated assessment of watershed development, <i>in</i> Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges - Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001, v. 111, Orlando, FL, 20 May 2001 through 24 May 2001, https://doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)113.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)113"},{"id":243310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e61de4b0c8380cd47183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dymond, R.","contributorId":44754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dymond","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lohani, V.","contributorId":23351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohani","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regmi, B.","contributorId":58860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regmi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dietz, R.","contributorId":17061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001048,"text":"1001048 - 2004 - Reconstructing paleo lake levels from relict shorelines along the Upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:46:19","indexId":"1001048","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing paleo lake levels from relict shorelines along the Upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Shorelines of the upper Great Lakes include many embayments that contain strandplains of beach ridges.  These former shoreline positions of the lakes can be used to determine changes in the elevation of the lakes through time, and they also provide information on the warping of the ground surface that is occurring in the Great Lakes after the weight of glacial ice was removed. Relative lake-level hydrographs can be created by coring the beach ridges to determine the elevation of basal foreshore (swash zone) deposits in each ridge and by obtaining radiocarbon dates of basal wetland sediments between ridges to generate an age model for the ridges. Because the relative-level hydrographs are the combination of lake-level change and vertical ground movement (isostatic rebound), the rebound must be removed to produce a graph that shows only the physical limits and timing of past lake-level fluctuations referenced to a common outlet. More than 500 vibracores of beach-ridge sediments were collected at five sites along Lake Michigan and four sites along Lake Superior. The cores showed a sequence of dune deposits overlying foreshore deposits that, in turn, overlie upper shoreface deposits. The base of the foreshore deposits is coarser and more poorly sorted than an overlying and underlying sediment and represents the plunge-point sediments at the base of the swash zone. The plunge-point deposits are a close approximation of the elevation of the lake when the beach ridge formed. More than 150 radiocarbon ages of basal wetland sediments were collected to produce age models for the sites. Currently, age models exist for all Lake Michigan sites and one Lake Superior site. By combining the elevation data with the age models, six relative lake-level hydrographs were created for the upper Great Lakes. An iterative approach was used to remove rebound from the five Lake Michigan relative hydrographs and merge the graphs into a single hydrograph.  The resultant hydrograph shows long-term patterns of lake-level change for lakes Michigan and Huron and is referenced to the Port Huron outlet. When the age models are completed for the Lake Superior sites, a hydrograph will be created for the entire lake.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980490513274","usgsCitation":"Baedke, S.J., Thompson, T.A., Johnston, J.W., and Wilcox, D.A., 2004, Reconstructing paleo lake levels from relict shorelines along the Upper Great Lakes: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 435-449, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980490513274.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2318","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636175","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedke, Steve J.","contributorId":18325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedke","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Todd A.","contributorId":38501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, John W.","contributorId":71141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026927,"text":"70026927 - 2004 - Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T16:40:48.044751","indexId":"70026927","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Allegheny woodrat (<i>Neotoma magister</i>) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia","title":"Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Allegheny woodrats (<i>Neotoma magister</i>) currently receive protected status throughout their range due to population declines. Threats associated with habitat fragmentation (e.g., introduced predators, disease, loss of connectivity among subpopulations and habitat loss) may explain why Allegheny woodrats are no longer found in many areas where they existed just 25 y ago. In southern West Virginia, surface coal mining is a major cause of forest fragmentation. Furthermore, mountaintop mining, the prevalent method in the region, results in a loss of rock outcrops and cliffs within forested areas, typical habitat of the Allegheny woodrat To determine the extent that Allegheny woodrats make use of reclaimed mine land, particularly rock drainages built during reclamation, we sampled 24 drainage channels on reclaimed surface mines in southern West Virginia, collected habitat data at each site and used logistic regression to identify habitat variables related to Allegheny woodrat presence. During 187 trap nights, 13 adult, 2 subadult and 8 juvenile Allegheny woodrats were captured at 13 of the 24 sites. Percent of rock as a groundcover and density of stems &gt;15 cm diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) were related to Allegheny woodrat presence and were significantly greater at sites where Allegheny woodrats were present than absent. Sites where Allegheny woodrats were present differed substantially from other described habitats in West Virginia, though they may simulate boulder piles that occur naturally. Our findings suggest the need for additional research to examine the dynamics between Allegheny woodrat populations inhabiting rock outcrops in forests adjacent to mines and populations inhabiting constructed drainage channels on reclaimed mines. However, if Allegheny woodrats can use human-created habitat, our results will be useful to surface mine reclamation and to other mitigation efforts where rocky habitats are lost or disturbed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0346:AWNMUO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Chamblin, H., Wood, P., and Edwards, J., 2004, Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia: American Midland Naturalist, v. 151, no. 2, p. 346-354, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0346:AWNMUO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"354","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"151","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e96ae4b0c8380cd4827c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chamblin, H.D.","contributorId":47714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamblin","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, J.W.","contributorId":62002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026342,"text":"70026342 - 2004 - An intensity scale for riverine flooding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026342","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An intensity scale for riverine flooding","docAbstract":"Recent advances in the availability and accuracy of multi-dimensional flow models, the advent of precise elevation data for floodplains (LIDAR), and geographical GIS allow the creation of hazard maps that more correctly reflect the varying levels of flood-damage risk across a floodplain when inundatecby floodwaters. Using intensity scales for wind damages, an equivalent water-damage flow intensity scale has been developed that ranges from 1 (minimal effects) to 10 (major damages to most structures). This flow intensity scale, FIS, is portrayed on a map as color-coded areas of increasing flow intensity. This should prove to be a valuable tool to assess relative risk to people and property in known flood-hazard areas.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management","conferenceTitle":"2004 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management","conferenceDate":"27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","isbn":"0784407371","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J., 2004, An intensity scale for riverine flooding, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management, Salt Lake City, UT, 27 June 2004 through 1 July 2004, p. 2008-2016.","startPage":"2008","endPage":"2016","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea82e4b0c8380cd488f2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","contributorId":128420,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K.","id":536596,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, J.M.","contributorId":27473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001087,"text":"1001087 - 2004 - Economic and health risk trade-offs of swim closures at a Lake Michigan beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T11:24:21","indexId":"1001087","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic and health risk trade-offs of swim closures at a Lake Michigan beach","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents a framework for analyzing the economic, health, and recreation implications of swim closures related to high fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) levels. The framework utilizes benefit transfer policy analysis to provide a practical procedure for estimating the effectiveness of recreational water quality policies. Evaluation criteria include the rates of intended and unintended management outcomes, whether the chosen protocols generate closures with positive net economic benefits to swimmers, and the number of predicted illnesses the policy is able to prevent. We demonstrate the framework through a case study of a Lake Michigan freshwater beach using existing water quality and visitor data from 1998 to 2001. We find that a typical closure causes a net economic loss among would-be swimmers totaling $1274-37 030/ day, depending on the value assumptions used. Unnecessary closures, caused by high indicator variability and a 24-h time delay between when samples are taken and the management decision can be made, occurred on 14 (12%) out of 118 monitored summer days. Days with high FIB levels when the swim area is open are also common but do relatively little economic harm in comparison. Also, even if the closure policy could be implemented daily and perfectly without error, only about 42% of predicted illnesses would be avoided. These conclusions were sensitive to the relative values and risk preferences that swimmers have for recreation access and avoiding health effects, suggesting a need for further study of the impacts of recreational water quality policies on individuals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es034905z","usgsCitation":"Rabinovici, S.M., Bernknopf, R.L., Wein, A., Coursey, D.L., and Whitman, R.L., 2004, Economic and health risk trade-offs of swim closures at a Lake Michigan beach: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 10, p. 2737-2745, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034905z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2737","endPage":"2745","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625cb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabinovici, Sharyl M.","contributorId":41391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabinovici","given":"Sharyl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard L.","contributorId":97061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne M.","contributorId":12007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coursey, Don L.","contributorId":78697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coursey","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186760,"text":"70186760 - 2004 - Landsat-7 ETM+ on-orbit reflective-band radiometric characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T11:51:46","indexId":"70186760","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-7 ETM+ on-orbit reflective-band radiometric characterization","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) has been and continues to be radiometrically characterized using the Image Assessment System (IAS), a component of the Landsat-7 Ground System. Key radiometric properties analyzed include: overall, coherent, and impulse noise; bias stability; relative gain stability; and other artifacts. The overall instrument noise is characterized across the dynamic range of the instrument during solar diffuser deployments. Less than 1% per year increases are observed in signal-independent (dark) noise levels, while signal-dependent noise is stable with time. Several coherent noise sources exist in ETM+ data with scene-averaged magnitudes of up to 0.4 DN, and a noise component at 20 kHz whose magnitude varies across the scan and peaks at the image edges. Bit-flip noise does not exist on the ETM+. However, impulse noise due to charged particle hits on the detector array has been discovered. The instrument bias is measured every scan line using a shutter. Most bands show less than 0.1 DN variations in bias across the instrument lifetime. The panchromatic band is the exception, where the variation approaches 2 DN and is related primarily to temperature. The relative gains of the detectors, i.e., each detector's gain relative to the band average gain, have been stable to /spl plusmn/0.1% over the mission life. Two exceptions to this stability include band 2 detector 2, which dropped about 1% in gain about 3.5 years after launch and stabilized, and band 7 detector 5, which has changed several tenths of a percent several times since launch. Memory effect and scan-correlated shift, a hysteresis and a random change in bias between multiple states, respectively, both of which have been observed in previous Thematic Mapper sensors, have not been convincingly found in ETM+ data. Two artifacts, detector ringing and \"oversaturation\", affect a small amount of ETM+ data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2004.839083","usgsCitation":"Scaramuzza, P.L., Markham, B.L., Barsi, J., and Kaita, E., 2004, Landsat-7 ETM+ on-orbit reflective-band radiometric characterization: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 42, no. 12, p. 2796-2809, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839083.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2796","endPage":"2809","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ec99dbe4b0b4d95d33525f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scaramuzza, P. L. 0000-0002-2616-8456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":107504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaita, E.","contributorId":73777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaita","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184570,"text":"70184570 - 2004 - Importance of clay size minerals for Fe(III) respiration in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T12:14:00","indexId":"70184570","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1751,"text":"Geobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of clay size minerals for Fe(III) respiration in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The availability of Fe(III)-bearing minerals for dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction was evaluated in sediments from a petroleum-contaminated sandy aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota (USA). First, the sediments from a contaminated area of the aquifer, in which Fe(III) reduction was the predominant terminal electron accepting process, were compared with sediments from a nearby, uncontaminated site. Data from 0.5&nbsp;</span><span class=\"smallCaps\">m</span><span> HCl extraction of different size fractions of the sediments revealed that the clay size fraction contributed a significant portion of the ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the background sediment and was the most depleted in ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the iron-reducing sediment. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the disappearance of thermodynamically unstable Fe(III) and Mn(IV) hydroxides (ferrihydrite and Fe vernadite), as well as a decrease in the abundance of goethite and lepidocrocite in the clay size fraction from the contaminated sediment. TEM observations and X-ray diffraction examination did not provide strong evidence of Fe(III)-reduction-related changes within another potential source of ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the clay size fraction – ferruginous phyllosilicates. However, further testing in the laboratory with sediments from the methanogenic portion of the aquifer that were depleted in microbially reducible Fe(III) revealed the potential for microbial reduction of Fe(III) associated with phyllosilicates. Addition of a clay size fraction from the uncontaminated sediment, as well as Fe(III)-coated kaolin and ferruginous nontronite SWa-1, as sources of poorly crystalline Fe(III) hydroxides and structural iron of phyllosilicates respectively, lowered steady-state hydrogen concentrations consistent with a stimulation of Fe(III) reduction in laboratory incubations of methanogenic sediments. There was no change in hydrogen concentration when non-ferruginous clays or no minerals were added. This demonstrated that Fe(III)-bearing clay size minerals were essential for microbial Fe(III) reduction and suggested that both potential sources of ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the clay size fraction, poorly crystalline Fe(III) hydroxides and structural Fe(III) of phyllosilicates, were important sources of electron acceptor for indigenous iron-reducing microorganisms in this aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00018.x","usgsCitation":"Shelobolina, E.S., Anderson, R.T., Vodyanitskii, Y.N., Sivtsov, A.V., Yuretich, R., and Lovely, D.R., 2004, Importance of clay size minerals for Fe(III) respiration in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer: Geobiology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 67-76, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00018.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"67","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00018.x/full","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c943e4b0f37a93ee9b3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelobolina, Evgenya S.","contributorId":187992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelobolina","given":"Evgenya","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert T.","contributorId":178193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vodyanitskii, Yury N.","contributorId":187993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vodyanitskii","given":"Yury","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sivtsov, Anatolii V.","contributorId":187994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sivtsov","given":"Anatolii","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yuretich, Richard","contributorId":187995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuretich","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185649,"text":"70185649 - 2004 - Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T16:06:27","indexId":"70185649","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3928,"text":"Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics","printIssn":"1083-1363","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments","docAbstract":"<p class=\"basictext\">Crosswell radar methods can be used to dynamically image ground-water flow and mass transport associated with tracer tests, hydraulic tests, and natural physical processes, for improved characterization of preferential flow paths and complex aquifer heterogeneity. Unfortunately, because the raypath coverage of the interwell region is limited by the borehole geometry, the tomographic inverse problem is typically underdetermined, and tomograms may contain artifacts such as spurious blurring or streaking that confuse interpretation.</p><p class=\"basictext\">We implement object-based inversion (using a constrained, non-linear, least-squares algorithm) to improve results from pixel-based inversion approaches that utilize regularization criteria, such as damping or smoothness. Our approach requires pre- and post-injection travel-time data. Parameterization of the image plane comprises a small number of objects rather than a large number of pixels, resulting in an overdetermined problem that reduces the need for prior information. The nature and geometry of the objects are based on hydrologic insight into aquifer characteristics, the nature of the experiment, and the planned use of the geophysical results.</p><p class=\"basictext\">The object-based inversion is demonstrated using synthetic and crosswell radar field data acquired during vegetable-oil injection experiments at a site in Fridley, Minnesota. The region where oil has displaced ground water is discretized as a stack of rectangles of variable horizontal extents. The inversion provides the geometry of the affected region and an estimate of the radar slowness change for each rectangle. Applying petrophysical models to these results and porosity from neutron logs, we estimate the vegetable-oil emulsion saturation in various layers.</p><p class=\"basictext\">Using synthetic- and field-data examples, object-based inversion is shown to be an effective strategy for inverting crosswell radar tomography data acquired to monitor the emplacement of vegetable-oil emulsions. A principal advantage of object-based inversion is that it yields images that hydrologists and engineers can easily interpret and use for model calibration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/JEEG9.2.63","usgsCitation":"Lane, J.W., Day-Lewis, F.D., Versteeg, R.J., and Casey, C.C., 2004, Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 9, no. 2, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG9.2.63.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251be4b0543bf7fda808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Versteeg, Roelof J.","contributorId":73501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Versteeg","given":"Roelof","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casey, Clifton C.","contributorId":15140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026139,"text":"70026139 - 2004 - Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:49:32","indexId":"70026139","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches","docAbstract":"Experimental data for uranium adsorption on a complex weathered rock were simulated by twelve modelling teams from eight countries using surface complexation (SC) models. This intercomparison was part of an international project to evaluate the present capabilities and limitations of SC models in representing sorption by geologic materials. The models were assessed in terms of their predictive ability, data requirements, number of optimised parameters, ability to simulate diverse chemical conditions and transferability to other substrates. A particular aim was to compare the generalised composite (GC) and component additivity (CA) approaches for modelling sorption by complex substrates. Both types of SC models showed a promising capability to simulate sorption data obtained across a range of chemical conditions. However, the models incorporated a wide variety of assumptions, particularly in terms of input parameters such as site densities and surface site types. Furthermore, the methods used to extrapolate the model simulations to different weathered rock samples collected at the same field site tended to be unsatisfactory. The outcome of this modelling exercise provides an overview of the present status of adsorption modelling in the context of radionuclide migration as practised in a number of countries worldwide.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992","issn":"00338230","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Davis, J., Ochs, M., Olin, M., and Tweed, C., 2004, Uranium adsorption on weathered schist - Intercomparison of modeling approaches: Radiochimica Acta, v. 92, no. 9-11, p. 651-661, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.92.9.651.54992"},{"id":234555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"9-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd82e4b08c986b329071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ochs, M.","contributorId":92025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olin, M.","contributorId":58439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tweed, C.J.","contributorId":90087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027203,"text":"70027203 - 2004 - The effects of macroinvertebrate taxonomic resolution in large landscape bioassessments: An example from the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027203","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of macroinvertebrate taxonomic resolution in large landscape bioassessments: An example from the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"1. During late spring 1993-1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) sampled 490 wadeable streams in the mid-Atlantic Highlands (MAH) of the U.S. for a variety of physical, chemical and biological indicators of environmental condition. We used the resulting data set to evaluate the importance of differing levels of macroinvertebrate taxonomic resolution in bioassessments by comparing the ability of family versus genus to detect differences among sites classified by type and magnitude of human impact and by stream size. We divided the MAH into two physiographic regions: the Appalachian Plateau where mine drainage (MD) and acidic deposition are major stressors, and the Ridge and Valley where nutrient enrichment is a major stressor. Stream sites were classified into three or four impact classes based on water chemistry and habitat. We used stream order (first to third Strahler order) in each region as a measure of stream size. Ordination, 2 x 2 chi-square and biotic metrics were used to compare the ability of family and genus to detect differences among both stressor and size classes. 2. With one notable exception, there were only a small number of different genera per family (interquartile range = 1-4). Family Chironomidae, however, contained 123 different genera. As a result, significant information loss occurred when this group was only classified to family. The family Chironomidae did not discriminate among the predefined classes but many chironomid genera did: by chi-square analysis, 10 and 28 chironomid genera were significant in discriminating MD and nutrient impacts, respectively. 3. Family and genus data were similar in their ability to distinguish among the coarse impacts (e.g. most severe versus least severe impact classes) for all cases. Though genus data in many cases distinguished the subtler differences (e.g. mixed/moderate impacts versus high or low impacts) better than family, differences in significance levels between family and genus analyses were relatively minor. However, genus data detected differences among stream orders in ordination analyses that were not revealed at the family level. In the ordinations, both family and genus levels of analysis responded to similar suites of environmental variables. 4. Our results suggest that identification to the family level is sufficient for many bioassessment purposes. However, identifications to genus do provide more information in genera-rich families like Chironomidae. Genus or finer levels of identification are important for investigating natural history, stream ecology, biodiversity and indicator species. Decisions about the taxonomic level of identification need to be study specific and depend on available resources (cost) and study objectives.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01197.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Waite, I., Herlihy, A., Larsen, D.P., Urquhart, N., and Klemm, D., 2004, The effects of macroinvertebrate taxonomic resolution in large landscape bioassessments: An example from the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, U.S.A.: Freshwater Biology, v. 49, no. 4, p. 474-489, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01197.x.","startPage":"474","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478139,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01197.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01197.x"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab8ce4b08c986b322ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, I.R.","contributorId":41039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herlihy, A.T.","contributorId":31168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herlihy","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, D. P.","contributorId":17012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urquhart, N.S.","contributorId":107076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urquhart","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemm, D.J.","contributorId":31551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035642,"text":"70035642 - 2004 - An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035642","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas","docAbstract":"In July 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey installed an acoustic Doppler velocity meter in the Colorado River, near the city of Matagorda in southeast Texas. The meter is part of an integrated system used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to control barge traffic that passes through a lock system located at the confluence of the Colorado River and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. The meter was installed on the river bottom as part of a system developed and used by the National Weather Service. The upward-looking meter measures the average velocity in the top 3 meters (10 feet) of the water column. These river-velocity data are used in conjunction with additional velocity and water-stage data, from proximal sites, by the barge operators to assess conditions at the Colorado River crossing and for lock operations. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)304","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"East, J.W., and Scheffler, C., 2004, An acoustic velocity measurement system for aiding barge traffic in the Colorado River locks near Matagorda, Texas, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)304.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)304"},{"id":244171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e0e4b0c8380cd484dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, J. W.","contributorId":99186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheffler, C.","contributorId":81336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheffler","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026499,"text":"70026499 - 2004 - Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:36:38.736359","indexId":"70026499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model","docAbstract":"Sensitivity analysis with a density-dependent ground water flow simulator can provide insight and understanding of salt water intrusion calibration problems far beyond what is possible through intuitive analysis alone. Five simple experimental simulations presented here demonstrate this point. Results show that dispersivity is a very important parameter for reproducing a steady-state distribution of hydraulic head, salinity, and flow in the transition zone between fresh water and salt water in a coastal aquifer system. When estimating dispersivity, the following conclusions can be drawn about the data types and locations considered. (1) The \"toe\" of the transition zone is the most effective location for hydraulic head and salinity observations. (2) Areas near the coastline where submarine ground water discharge occurs are the most effective locations for flow observations. (3) Salinity observations are more effective than hydraulic head observations. (4) The importance of flow observations aligned perpendicular to the shoreline varies dramatically depending on distance seaward from the shoreline. Extreme parameter correlation can prohibit unique estimation of permeability parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and flow parameters such as recharge in a density-dependent ground water flow model when using hydraulic head and salinity observations. Adding flow observations perpendicular to the shoreline in areas where ground water is exchanged with the ocean body can reduce the correlation, potentially resulting in unique estimates of these parameter values. Results are expected to be directly applicable to many complex situations, and have implications for model development whether or not formal optimization methods are used in model calibration.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., 2004, Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 6, p. 829-840, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.t01-2-.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3949e4b0c8380cd6188a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035474,"text":"70035474 - 2004 - Using borehole flow data to characterize the hydraulics of flow paths in operating wellfields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035474","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using borehole flow data to characterize the hydraulics of flow paths in operating wellfields","docAbstract":"Understanding the flow paths in the vicinity of water well intakes is critical in the design of effective wellhead protection strategies for heterogeneous carbonate aquifers. High-resolution flow logs can be combined with geophysical logs and borehole-wall-image logs (acoustic televiewer) to identify the porous beds, solution openings, and fractures serving as conduits connecting the well bore to the aquifer. Qualitative methods of flow log analysis estimate the relative transmissivity of each water-producing zone, but do not indicate how those zones are connected to the far-field aquifer. Borehole flow modeling techniques can be used to provide quantitative estimates of both transmissivity and far-field hydraulic head in each producing zone. These data can be used to infer how the individual zones are connected with each other, and to the surrounding large-scale aquifer. Such information is useful in land-use planning and the design of well intakes to prevent entrainment of contaminants into water-supply systems. Specific examples of flow log applications in the identification of flow paths in operating wellfields are given for sites in Austin and Faribault, Minnesota. Copyright ASCE 2004.","largerWorkTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships","conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000","conferenceDate":"30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40517(2000)384","isbn":"0784405174; 9780784405178","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F., and Lundy, J., 2004, Using borehole flow data to characterize the hydraulics of flow paths in operating wellfields, <i>in</i> Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships, v. 104, Minneapolis, MN, 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000, https://doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)384.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)384"},{"id":242913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc037e4b08c986b329fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, F.","contributorId":73372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundy, J.","contributorId":38380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundy","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026171,"text":"70026171 - 2004 - Long-term effects of flipper bands on penguins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026171","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term effects of flipper bands on penguins","docAbstract":"Changes in seabird populations, and particularly of penguins, offer a unique opportunity for investigating the impact of fisheries and climatic variations on marine resources. Such investigations often require large-scale banding to identify individual birds, but the significance of the data relies on the assumption that no bias is introduced in this type of long-term monitoring. After 5 years of using an automated system of identification of king penguins implanted with electronic tags (100 adult king penguins were implanted with a transponder tag, 50 of which were also flipper banded), we can report that banding results in later arrival at the colony for courtship in some years, lower breeding probability and lower chick production. We also found that the survival rate of unbanded, electronically tagged king penguin chicks after 2-3 years is approximately twice as large as that reported in the literature for banded chicks. ?? 2004 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2004.0201","issn":"09628436","usgsCitation":"Gauthier-Clerc, M., Gendner, J., Ribic, C., Fraser, W., Woehler, E.J., Descamps, S., Gilly, C., Le, B.C., and Le, M.Y., 2004, Long-term effects of flipper bands on penguins: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 271, no. SUPPL. 6, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0201.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478199,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1810082","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0201"},{"id":234524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"271","issue":"SUPPL. 6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4989e4b0c8380cd686c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gauthier-Clerc, M.","contributorId":105494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gauthier-Clerc","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gendner, J.-P.","contributorId":63586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendner","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woehler, Eric J.","contributorId":39561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woehler","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Descamps, S.","contributorId":89318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Descamps","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilly, C.","contributorId":49153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilly","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Le, Bohec C.","contributorId":12244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Bohec","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Le, Maho Y.","contributorId":59594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Maho","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1013395,"text":"1013395 - 2004 - Estimating the time of melt onset and freeze onset over Arctic sea-ice area using active and passive microwave data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:02:07","indexId":"1013395","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the time of melt onset and freeze onset over Arctic sea-ice area using active and passive microwave data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate calculation of the time of melt onset, freeze onset, and melt duration over Arctic sea-ice area is crucial for climate and global change studies because it affects accuracy of surface energy balance estimates. This comparative study evaluates several methods used to estimate sea-ice melt and freeze onset dates: (1) the melt onset database derived from SSM/I passive microwave brightness temperatures (</span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span>s) using Drobot and Anderson's [J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 24033] Advanced Horizontal Range Algorithm (AHRA) and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC); (2) the International Arctic Buoy Program/Polar Exchange at the Sea (IABP/POLES) surface air temperatures (SATs); (3) an elaborated version of the AHRA that uses IABP/POLES to avoid anomalous results (Passive Microwave and Surface Temperature Analysis [PMSTA]); (4) another elaborated version of the AHRA that uses<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>variance to avoid anomalous results (Mean Differences and Standard Deviation Analysis [MDSDA]); (5) Smith's [J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 27753] vertically polarized<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>algorithm for estimating melt onset in multiyear (MY) ice (SSM/I 19V–37V); and (6) analyses of concurrent backscattering cross section (</span><i>σ</i><span>°) and brightness temperature (</span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span>) from OKEAN-01 satellite series. Melt onset and freeze onset maps were created and compared to understand how the estimates vary between different satellite instruments and methods over different Arctic sea-ice regions. Comparisons were made to evaluate relative sensitivities among the methods to slight adjustments of the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>b</sub><span>calibration coefficients and algorithm threshold values. Compared to the PMSTA method, the AHRA method tended to estimate significantly earlier melt dates, likely caused by the AHRA's susceptibility to prematurely identify melt onset conditions. In contrast, the IABP/POLES surface air temperature data tended to estimate later melt and earlier freeze in all but perennial ice. The MDSDA method was least sensitive to small adjustments of the SMMR–SSM/I inter-satellite calibration coefficients. Differences among methods varied by latitude. Freeze onset dates among methods were most disparate in southern latitudes, and tended to converge northward. Surface air temperatures (IABP/POLES) indicated freeze onset well before the MDSDA method, especially in southern peripheral seas, while PMSTA freeze estimates were generally intermediate. Surface air temperature data estimated latest melt onset dates in southern latitudes, but earliest melt onset in northern latitudes. The PMSTA estimated earliest melt onset dates in southern regions, and converged with the MDSDA northward. Because sea-ice melt and freeze are dynamical transitional processes, differences among these methods are associated with differing sensitivities to changing stages of environmental and physical development. These studies contribute to the growing body of documentation about the levels of disparity obtained when Arctic seasonal transition parameters are estimated using various types of microwave data and algorithms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.001","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G.I., Douglas, D., Mordvintsev, I.N., and Platonov, N.G., 2004, Estimating the time of melt onset and freeze onset over Arctic sea-ice area using active and passive microwave data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 92, no. 1, p. 21-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, Gennady I.","contributorId":71471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belchansky","given":"Gennady","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mordvintsev, Ilia N.","contributorId":91044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mordvintsev","given":"Ilia","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182048,"text":"70182048 - 2004 - Winter philopatry of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:06:17","indexId":"70182048","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter philopatry of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used capture-mark-recapture data to assess winter philopatry by Harlequin Ducks (</span><i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i><span>) in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during winters 1995–1997 and 2000–2001. Philopatry was quantified using homing rates, which were estimated as the proportion of birds recaptured at their original site out of all recaptured birds. Between-year homing rates of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87–1.00) and 1.00 (0.92–1.00) were estimated for females and males, respectively, at three locations on Montague Island. Similar homing rates were measured in western Prince William Sound, where estimates were 0.92 (0.80–0.98) for females and 0.96 (0.79–1.00) for males, with a scale of detected movements for all recapture birds ranging from 3–52 km. Our results indicate that wintering aggregations may be demographically independent at a much finer spatial scale than genetic data indicate, and that conservation efforts should recognize this degree of demographic separation among population segments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/7504","usgsCitation":"Iverson, S.A., Esler, D., and Rizzolo, D., 2004, Winter philopatry of harlequin ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska: The Condor, v. 106, no. 3, p. 711-715, https://doi.org/10.1650/7504.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"715","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7504","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.3154296875,\n              60.031929699115615\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.8157958984375,\n              60.031929699115615\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.8157958984375,\n              60.60854176060904\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.3154296875,\n              60.60854176060904\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.3154296875,\n              60.031929699115615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a576cfe4b057081a24edaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Samuel A.","contributorId":52308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":669386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzolo, Daniel drizzolo@usgs.gov","contributorId":5631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzolo","given":"Daniel","email":"drizzolo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1012984,"text":"1012984 - 2004 - Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:01:23","indexId":"1012984","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001","docAbstract":"<p>Arctic multiyear sea ice concentration maps for January 1988-2001 were generated from SSM/I brightness temperatures (19H, 19V, and 37V) using modified multiple layer perceptron neural networks. Learning data for the neural networks were extracted from ice maps derived from Okean and ERS satellite imagery to capitalize on the stability of active radar multiyear ice signatures. Evaluations of three learning algorithms and several topologies indicated that networks constructed with error back propagation learning and 3-20-1 topology produced the most consistent and physically plausible results. Operational neural networks were developed specifically with January learning data, and then used to estimate daily multiyear ice concentrations from daily-averaged SSM/I brightness temperatures during January. Monthly mean maps were produced for analysis by averaging the respective daily estimates. The 14-year series of January multiyear ice distributions revealed dense and persistent cover in the central Arctic surrounded by expansive regions of highly fluctuating interannual cover. Estimates of total multiyear ice area by the neural network were intermediate to those of other passive microwave algorithms, but annual fluctuations and trends were similar among all algorithms. When compared to Radarsat estimates of multiyear ice concentration in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (1997-1999), average discrepancies were small (0.9-2.5%) and spatial coherency was reasonable, indicating the neural network's Okean and ERS learning data facilitated passive microwave inversion that emulated backscatter signatures. During 1988-2001, total January multiyear ice area declined at a significant linear rate of -54.3 x 10<sup>3</sup> km<sup>2</sup>/yr<sup>-1</sup> (-1.4%/yr<sup>-1</sup>). The most persistent and extensive decline in multiyear ice concentration (-3.3%/yr<sup>-1</sup>) occurred in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. In autumn 1996, a large multiyear ice recruitment of over 106 km<sup>2</sup> (mostly in the Siberian Arctic) fully replenished the previous 8-year decline in total area, but it was followed by an accelerated and compensatory decline during the subsequent 4 years. Seventy-five percent of the interannual variation in January multiyear sea ice area was explained by linear regression on two atmospheric parameters: the previous inter's (JFM) Arctic Oscillation index as a proxy to melt duration and the previous year's average sea level pressure gradient across the Fram Strait as a proxy to annual ice export. Consecutive year changes (1994-2001) in January multiyear ice volume were significantly correlated with duration of the intervening melt season (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.73, -80.0 km<sup>3</sup>/d<sup>-1</sup>), emphasizing a large thermodynamic influence on the Arctic's mass sea ice balance during summers with anomalous melt durations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JC002388","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., Alpatsky, I., and Platonov, N.G., 2004, Spatial and temporal multiyear sea ice distributions in the Arctic: A neural network analysis of SSM/I data, 1988-2001: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, no. C10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002388.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11255,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002388","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"109","issue":"C10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpatsky, I.V.","contributorId":6795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpatsky","given":"I.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001041,"text":"1001041 - 2004 - Characterization of Lake Michigan coastal lakes using zooplankton assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T13:37:28","indexId":"1001041","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of Lake Michigan coastal lakes using zooplankton assemblages","docAbstract":"<p>Zooplankton assemblages and water quality were examined bi-weekly from 17 April to 19 October 1998 in 11 northeastern Lake Michigan coastal lakes of similar origin but varied in trophic status and limnological condition. All lakes were within or adjacent to Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan. Zooplankton (principally microcrustaceans and rotifers) from triplicate Wisconsin net (80 I?m) vertical tows taken at each lake's deepest location were analyzed. Oxygen-temperature-pH-specific conductivity profiles and surface water quality were concurrently measured. Bray-Curtis similarity analysis showed small variations among sample replicates but large temporal differences. The potential use of zooplankton communities for environmental lake comparisons was evaluated by means of BIOENV (Primer 5.1) and principal component analyses. Zooplankton analyzed at the lowest identified taxonomic level yielded greatest sensitivity to limnological variation. Taxonomic and ecological aggregations of zooplankton data performed comparably, but less well than the finest taxonomic analysis. Secchi depth, chlorophyll a, and sulfate concentrations combined to give the best correlation with patterns of variation in the zooplankton data set. Principal component analysis of these variables revealed trophic status as the most influential major limnological gradient among the study lakes. Overall, zooplankton abundance was an excellent indicator of variation in trophic status.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.08.001","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R.L., Nevers, M.B., Goodrich, M.L., Murphy, P.C., and Davis, B.M., 2004, Characterization of Lake Michigan coastal lakes using zooplankton assemblages: Ecological Indicators, v. 4, no. 4, p. 277-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.08.001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"286","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodrich, Maria L.","contributorId":42176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodrich","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Paul C.","contributorId":8055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026827,"text":"70026827 - 2004 - Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:05:23","indexId":"70026827","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons <i>Falco peregrinus</i> nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","title":"Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia","docAbstract":"<p>Four female Peregrine Falcons <i>Falco peregrinus</i> breeding on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, were fitted with satellite-received transmitters in 1994. Their breeding home ranges averaged 1175 (sd&nbsp;=&nbsp;±714)&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, and overlapped considerably. All left their breeding grounds in September and migrated generally south-west along the Baltic Sea. The mean travel rate for three falcons was 190&nbsp;km/day. Two Falcons wintered on the coasts of France and in southern Spain, which were, respectively, 2909 and 4262&nbsp;km from their breeding sites. Data on migration routes suggested that Falcons took a near-direct route to the wintering areas. No prolonged stopovers were apparent. The 90% minimum convex polygon winter range of a bird that migrated to Spain encompassed 213&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;54). The area of the 50% minimum convex polygon was 21.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;29). Data from this study agree with others from North America that show that Falcons breeding in a single area do not necessarily follow the same migratory path southward and do not necessarily use the same wintering grounds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1474-919X.2004.00253.x","usgsCitation":"Ganusevich, S., Maechtle, T., Seegar, W., Yates, M., McGrady, M., Fuller, M., Schueck, L., Dayton, J., and Henny, C.J., 2004, Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia: Ibis, v. 146, no. 2, p. 291-297, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2004.00253.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russa","otherGeospatial":"Kola Peninsula","volume":"146","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eefde4b0c8380cd4a0b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganusevich, S.A.","contributorId":52539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganusevich","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maechtle, T.L.","contributorId":62185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maechtle","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seegar, W.S.","contributorId":11301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yates, M.A.","contributorId":79593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGrady, M.J.","contributorId":23735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrady","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuller, M.","contributorId":30798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schueck, L.","contributorId":67269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueck","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dayton, J.","contributorId":46744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dayton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026754,"text":"70026754 - 2004 - Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026754","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"This paper applies nonlinear three-dimensional travel time tomography to refraction data recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) to derive the first large-scale, high-resolution upper crustal velocity model for southwestern British Columbia. A minimum structure P wave velocity model is constructed using 175,000 first arrival travel times picked from data recorded by 58 temporary onshore stations. The model details forearc crustal structures related to terrane accretion and subsequent basin formation to a depth of about 10 km. The Metchosin igneous complex (correlative with the Eocene Crescent-Siletz Terrane in Washington) is imaged as a laterally extensive WNW trending high-velocity anomaly underlying southernmost Vancouver Island and much of the Strait of Juan du Fuca. Northeast of the Strait of Georgia, the southwesterly dip of the contact between the Wrangellia terrane rocks of Vancouver Island and the Coast Plutonic Complex suggests Wrangellia rocks are down-faulted against the plutonic complex. At the southwestern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the 50 km long WNW trending Clallam basin has a maximum thickness of 5-6 km. Near the eastern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Port Townsend basin has an inferred thickness of approximately 4-5 km. The southern end of the 9 km thick Georgia basin is bounded by a high-velocity basement ridge. Beneath the Strait of Georgia, clusters of well-located earthquakes have a prominent NW trend and coincide spatially with rapid lateral velocity changes. Clusters of microearthquakes there are associated with the intersection of several east trending structural highs within this NW trend. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002826","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ramachandran, K., Dosso, S., Zelt, C., Spence, G., Hyndman, R., and Brocher, T., 2004, Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 109, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002826.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478255,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb002826","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208305,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002826"},{"id":233961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd55e4b08c986b328f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dosso, S.E.","contributorId":45085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dosso","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, C.A.","contributorId":74911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spence, G.D.","contributorId":85750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyndman, R.D.","contributorId":45831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026762,"text":"70026762 - 2004 - Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026762","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears","docAbstract":"I investigated the exploitation of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Yellowstone region of the United States with the use of data collected during a study of radiomarked bears in 1977-1992. My analysis focused on the importance of pocket gophers as a source of energy and nutrients, effects of weather and site features, and importance of pocket gophers to grizzly bears in the western contiguous United States prior to historical extirpations. Pocket gophers and their food caches were infrequent in grizzly bear feces, although foraging for pocket gophers accounted for about 20-25% of all grizzly bear feeding activity during April and May. Compared with roots individually excavated by bears, pocket gopher food caches were less digestible but more easily dug out. Exploitation of gopher food caches by grizzly bears was highly sensitive to site and weather conditions and peaked during and shortly after snowmelt. This peak coincided with maximum success by bears in finding pocket gopher food caches. Exploitation was most frequent and extensive on gently sloping nonforested sites with abundant spring beauty (Claytonia lanceolata) and yampah (Perdieridia gairdneri). Pocket gophers are rare in forests, and spring beauty and yampah roots are known to be important foods of both grizzly bears and burrowing rodents. Although grizzly bears commonly exploit pocket gophers only in the Yellowstone region, this behavior was probably widespread in mountainous areas of the western contiguous United States prior to extirpations of grizzly bears within the last 150 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/BJK-125","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D., 2004, Exploitation of pocket gophers and their food caches by grizzly bears: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 85, no. 4, p. 731-742, https://doi.org/10.1644/BJK-125.","startPage":"731","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487451,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/bjk-125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BJK-125"},{"id":234102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e09e4b0c8380cd53290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027512,"text":"70027512 - 2004 - Importance of the Vadose Zone in analyses of unconfined aquifer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:34:19","indexId":"70027512","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of the Vadose Zone in analyses of unconfined aquifer tests","docAbstract":"Analytical models commonly used to interpret unconfined aquifer tests have been based on upper-boundary (water table) conditions that do not adequately address effects of time-varying drainage from the vadose zone. As a result, measured and simulated drawdown data may not agree and hydraulic parameters may be inaccurately estimated. A 72-hour aquifer test conducted in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in a slightly heterogeneous, coarse-grained, glacial outwash deposit was found to be a good candidate for testing models with different upper-boundary conditions. In general, under the commonly invoked assumption of instantaneous drainage, measured and simulated draw-downs were found to agree with one another only at late time and early time. In the intermediate-time range, because of delayed drainage, measured drawdowns always exceeded simulated values, most noticeably in piezometers located near the water table. To reduce these discrepancies, an analytical model was developed that can fully account for time-varying drainage given that the aquifer is not strongly heterogeneous. The approach is flexible as the model, which makes use of empirical relations, does not constrain drainage to follow any particular functional relation. By this approach, measured and simulated drawdowns agree over the complete time range, and the estimated parameters are consistent with prior studies and with what is known about the aquifer geometry, stratigraphy, and composition. By properly accounting for vadose zone drainage, it was found that realistic estimates of all hydraulic parameters, including specific yield, could be obtained with or without the use of late-time data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02669.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., 2004, Importance of the Vadose Zone in analyses of unconfined aquifer tests: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 2, p. 223-233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02669.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"233","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02669.x"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3946e4b0c8380cd61880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026769,"text":"70026769 - 2004 - Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026769","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers","docAbstract":"The ability to traverse barriers of high-velocity flow limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, yet very few data exist that quantify this ability. We provide a detailed analysis of sprint swimming ability of six migratory fish species (American shad (Alosa sapidissima), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)) against controlled water velocities of 1.5-4.5 m??s-1 in a large, open-channel flume. Performance was strictly voluntary: no coercive incentives were used to motivate fish to sprint. We used these data to generate models of maximum distance traversed, taking into account effects of flow velocity, body length, and temperature. Although the maximum distance traversed decreased with increasing velocity, the magnitude of this effect varied among species. Other covariate effects were likewise variable, with divergent effects of temperature and nonuniform length effects. These effects do not account for all of the variability in performance, however, and behavioral traits may account for observed interspecific differences. We propose the models be used to develop criteria for fish passage structures, culverts, and breached dams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F04-093","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Haro, A., Castro-Santos, T., Noreika, J., and Odeh, M., 2004, Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 9, p. 1590-1601, https://doi.org/10.1139/F04-093.","startPage":"1590","endPage":"1601","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F04-093"},{"id":234141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba332e4b08c986b31fbf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castro-Santos, T. 0000-0003-2575-9120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":12416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noreika, J.","contributorId":51249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}