{"pageNumber":"1012","pageRowStart":"25275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40818,"records":[{"id":70028394,"text":"70028394 - 2006 - Using models to manage systems subject to sustainability indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028394","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using models to manage systems subject to sustainability indicators","docAbstract":"Mathematical and numerical models can provide insight into sustainability indicators using relevant simulated quantities, which are referred to here as predictions. To be useful, many concerns need to be considered. Four are discussed here: (a) mathematical and numerical accuracy of the model; (b) the accuracy of the data used in model development, (c) the information observations provide to aspects of the model important to predictions of interest as measured using sensitivity analysis; and (d) the existence of plausible alternative models for a given system. The four issues are illustrated using examples from conservative and transport modelling, and using conceptual arguments. Results suggest that ignoring these issues can produce misleading conclusions.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2006, Using models to manage systems subject to sustainability indicators, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 302, p. 53-58.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"302","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc071e4b08c986b32a11b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028656,"text":"70028656 - 2006 - Slip on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, over two earthquake cycles, and the implications for seismic hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028656","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, over two earthquake cycles, and the implications for seismic hazard","docAbstract":"Parkfield, California, which experienced M 6.0 earthquakes in 1934, 1966, and 2004, is one of the few locales for which geodetic observations span multiple earthquake cycles. We undertake a comprehensive study of deformation over the most recent earthquake cycle and explore the results in the context of geodetic data collected prior to the 1966 event. Through joint inversion of the variety of Parkfield geodetic measurements (trilateration, two-color laser, and Global Positioning System), including previously unpublished two-color data, we estimate the spatial distribution of slip and slip rate along the San Andreas using a fault geometry based on precisely relocated seismicity. Although the three most recent Parkfield earthquakes appear complementary in their along-strike distributions of slip, they do not produce uniform strain release along strike over multiple seismic cycles. Since the 1934 earthquake, more than 1 m of slip deficit has accumulated on portions of the fault that slipped in the 1966 and 2004 earthquakes, and an average of 2 m of slip deficit exists on the 33 km of the fault southeast of Gold Hill to be released in a future, perhaps larger, earthquake. It appears that the fault is capable of partially releasing stored strain in moderate earthquakes, maintaining a disequilibrium through multiple earthquake cycles. This complicates the application of simple earthquake recurrence models that assume only the strain accumulated since the most recent event is relevant to the size or timing of an upcoming earthquake. Our findings further emphasize that accumulated slip deficit is not sufficient for earthquake nucleation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050820","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Murray, J., and Langbein, J., 2006, Slip on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, over two earthquake cycles, and the implications for seismic hazard: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050820.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209603,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050820"},{"id":236256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b914be4b08c986b319811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, J.","contributorId":94837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028804,"text":"70028804 - 2006 - Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028804","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region","docAbstract":"We present a new three-dimensional (3D) compressional vvavespeed (V p) model for the Parkfield region, taking advantage of the recent seismicity associated with the 2003 San Simeon and 2004 Parkfield earthquake sequences to provide increased model resolution compared to the work of Eberhart-Phillips and Michael (1993) (EPM93). Taking the EPM93 3D model as our starting model, we invert the arrival-time data from about 2100 earthquakes and 250 shots recorded on both permanent network and temporary stations in a region 130 km northeast-southwest by 120 km northwest-southeast. We include catalog picks and cross-correlation and catalog differential times in the inversion, using the double-difference tomography method of Zhang and Thurber (2003). The principal Vp features reported by EPM93 and Michelini and McEvilly (1991) are recovered, but with locally improved resolution along the San Andreas Fault (SAF) and near the active-source profiles. We image the previously identified strong wavespeed contrast (faster on the southwest side) across most of the length of the SAF, and we also improve the image of a high Vp body on the northeast side of the fault reported by EPM93. This narrow body is at about 5- to 12-km depth and extends approximately from the locked section of the SAP to the town of Parkfield. The footwall of the thrust fault responsible for the 1983 Coalinga earthquake is imaged as a northeast-dipping high wavespeed body. In between, relatively low wavespeeds (<5 km/sec) extend to as much as 10-km depth. We use this model to derive absolute locations for about 16,000 earthquakes from 1966 to 2005 and high-precision double-difference locations for 9,000 earthquakes from 1984 to 2005, and also to determine focal mechanisms for 446 earthquakes. These earthquake locations and mechanisms show that the seismogenic fault is a simple planar structure. The aftershock sequence of the 2004 mainshock concentrates into the same structures defined by the pre-2004 seismicity, confirming earlier observations (Waldhauser et al., 2004) that the seismicity pattern at Parkfield is long lived and persists through multiple cycles of mainshocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050825","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Thurber, C., Zhang, H., Waldhauser, F., Hardebeck, J., Michael, A., and Eberhart-Phillips, D., 2006, Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050825.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050825"},{"id":236264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb323e4b08c986b325bd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurber, C.","contributorId":107046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldhauser, F.","contributorId":31897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardebeck, J.","contributorId":99738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michael, A.","contributorId":56817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, D.","contributorId":80428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028425,"text":"70028425 - 2006 - Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028425","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000","docAbstract":"Shifts in the carbon balance of high-latitude ecosystems could result from differential responses of vegetation and soil processes to changing moisture and temperature regimes and to a lengthening of the growing season. Although shrub expansion and northward movement of treeline should increase carbon inputs, the effects of these vegetation changes on net carbon exchange have not been evaluated. We selected low shrub, tall shrub, and forest tundra sites near treeline in northwestern Alaska, representing the major structural transitions expected in response to warming. In these sites, we measured aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen pools, and used these data to parameterize the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. We simulated the response of carbon balance components to air temperature and precipitation trends during 1981-2000. In areas experiencing warmer and dryer conditions, Net Primary Production (NPP) decreased and heterotrophic respiration (R H ) increased, leading to a decrease in Net Ecosystem Production (NEP). In warmer and wetter conditions NPP increased, but the response was exceeded by an increase in R H ; therefore, NEP also decreased. Lastly, in colder and wetter regions, the increase in NPP exceeded a small decline in R H , leading to an increase in NEP. The net effect for the region was a slight gain in ecosystem carbon storage over the 20 year period. This research highlights the potential importance of spatial variability in ecosystem responses to climate change in assessing the response of carbon storage in northern Alaska over the last two decades. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11027-005-9016-3","issn":"13812386","usgsCitation":"Thompson, C.C., McGuire, A., Clein, J.S., Chapin, F.S., and Beringer, J., 2006, Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000, <i>in</i> Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 11, no. 4, p. 805-827, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-005-9016-3.","startPage":"805","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210136,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-005-9016-3"},{"id":236966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64ebe4b0c8380cd72a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Catharine Copass","contributorId":26131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Catharine","email":"","middleInitial":"Copass","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beringer, J.","contributorId":25274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beringer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028371,"text":"70028371 - 2006 - Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028371","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils","docAbstract":"Soil microbial communities are closely associated with aboveground plant communities, with multiple potential drivers of this relationship. Plants can affect available soil carbon, temperature, and water content, which each have the potential to affect microbial community composition and function. These same variables change seasonally, and thus plant control on microbial community composition may be modulated or overshadowed by annual climatic patterns. We examined microbial community composition, C cycling processes, and environmental data in California annual grassland soils from beneath oak canopies and in open grassland areas to distinguish factors controlling microbial community composition and function seasonally and in association with the two plant overstory communities. Every 3 months for up to 2 years, we monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, microbial biomass, respiration rates, microbial enzyme activities, and the activity of microbial groups using isotope labeling of PLFA biomarkers (13C-PLFA) . Distinct microbial communities were associated with oak canopy soils and open grassland soils and microbial communities displayed seasonal patterns from year to year. The effects of plant species and seasonal climate on microbial community composition were similar in magnitude. In this Mediterranean ecosystem, plant control of microbial community composition was primarily due to effects on soil water content, whereas the changes in microbial community composition seasonally appeared to be due, in large part, to soil temperature. Available soil carbon was not a significant control on microbial community composition. Microbial community composition (PLFA) and 13C-PLFA ordination values were strongly related to intra-annual variability in soil enzyme activities and soil respiration, but microbial biomass was not. In this Mediterranean climate, soil microclimate appeared to be the master variable controlling microbial community composition and function. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Firestone, M., 2006, Seasonal dynamics of microbial community composition and function in oak canopy and open grassland soils: Microbial Ecology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 470-479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6.","startPage":"470","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9100-6"},{"id":237207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889be4b08c986b316a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firestone, M.K.","contributorId":10593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028679,"text":"70028679 - 2006 - Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028679","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine","docAbstract":"Little is known of Four-Toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum) habitat use, despite the species' extensive range and elevated conservation status. We investigated species-habitat relationships that predict H. scutatum nesting presence in Maine at wetland and microhabitat scales by comparing microhabitats with and without nests. We created logistic regression models, selected models with AIC, and evaluated models with reserve data. Wetlands with nests were best predicted by shoreline microhabitat of Sphagnum spp., wood substrate, water flow, blue-joint reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), meadowsweet (Spiraea alba), steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa), sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), and absence of sheep laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) or deciduous forest canopy. Within occupied wetlands, shoreline microhabitat where nests occurred was best distinguished from available, unoccupied shoreline microhabitat by steeper shore, greater near-shore and basin water depth, deeper nesting vegetation, presence of moss spp. and winterberry (Ilex verticillata), and a negative association with S. alba, leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), and K. angustifolia. These models of wetland and microhabitat use by H. scutatum may assist ecologists and managers in detecting and conserving this species. Copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[478:WAMUBN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, R., and Loftin, C., 2006, Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine: Journal of Herpetology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 478-485, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[478:WAMUBN]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"478","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209897,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[478:WAMUBN]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd013e4b08c986b32ec74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalmers, R.J.","contributorId":10894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, C.S.","contributorId":92771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028678,"text":"70028678 - 2006 - Modeling the influence of river rehabilitation scenarios on bed material sediment flux in a large river over decadal timescales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:23:18","indexId":"70028678","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the influence of river rehabilitation scenarios on bed material sediment flux in a large river over decadal timescales","docAbstract":"<p><span>A stochastic flood generator and calibrated sediment transport formulae were used to assess the decadal impact of major river rehabilitation strategies on two fraction bed material sediment flux and net storage, first‐order indicators of aquatic riverine habitat, in a large river system. Model boundary conditions were modified to reflect the implementation of three major river rehabilitation strategies being considered in the Sacramento River Valley: gravel augmentation, setting back of levees, and flow alteration. Fifty 30‐year model simulations were used to compute probabilities of the response in sediment flux and net storage to these strategies. Total annual average bed material sediment flux estimates were made at six gauged river cross sections, and ∼60 km reach‐scale sediment budgets were evaluated between them. Gravel augmentation to improve spawning habitat induced gravel accumulation locally and/or downstream, depending on the added mixture. Levee setbacks to recreate the river corridor reduced flow stages for most flows and hence lowered sediment flux. Flow alteration to mimic natural flow regimes systematically decreased total annual average flux, suggesting that high‐magnitude low‐frequency transport events do not affect long‐term trends in bed material flux. The results indicate that each rehabilitation strategy reduces sediment transport in its target reaches and modulates imbalances in total annual bed material sediment budgets at the reach scale. Additional risk analysis is necessary to identify extreme conditions associated with variable hydrology that could affect rehabilitation over decades. Sensitivity analysis suggests that sorting of bed material sediment is the most important determinant of modeled transport and storage patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR004894","usgsCitation":"Singer, M.B., and Dunne, T., 2006, Modeling the influence of river rehabilitation scenarios on bed material sediment flux in a large river over decadal timescales: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 12, Article W12415; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR004894.","productDescription":"Article W12415; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr004894","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c48e4b0c8380cd6fb7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Michael B.","contributorId":168369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25268,"text":"University of St Andrews, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028372,"text":"70028372 - 2006 - Essential elements of online information networks on invasive alien species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T19:03:04.689534","indexId":"70028372","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Essential elements of online information networks on invasive alien species","docAbstract":"In order to be effective, information must be placed in the proper context and organized in a manner that is logical and (preferably) standardized. Recently, invasive alien species (IAS) scientists have begun to create online networks to share their information concerning IAS prevention and control. At a special networking session at the Beijing International Symposium on Biological Invasions, an online Eastern Asia-North American IAS Information Network (EA-NA Network) was proposed. To prepare for the development of this network, and to provide models for other regional collaborations, we compare four examples of global, regional, and national online IAS information networks: the Global Invasive Species Information Network, the Invasives Information Network of the Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network, the Chinese Species Information System, and the Invasive Species Information Node of the US National Biological Information Infrastructure. We conclude that IAS networks require a common goal, dedicated leaders, effective communication, and broad endorsement, in order to obtain sustainable, long-term funding and long-term stability. They need to start small, use the experience of other networks, partner with others, and showcase benefits. Global integration and synergy among invasive species networks will succeed with contributions from both the top-down and the bottom-up. ?? 2006 Springer.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-005-5850-1","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Simpson, A., Sellers, E.A., Grosse, A., and Xie, Y., 2006, Essential elements of online information networks on invasive alien species, v. 8, no. 7, p. 1579-1587, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-5850-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1587","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a5fe4b0c8380cd5231c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134 asimpson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","email":"asimpson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sellers, Elizabeth A. 0000-0003-4676-2994 esellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-2994","contributorId":4704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellers","given":"Elizabeth","email":"esellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grosse, Andrea","contributorId":191645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xie, Y.","contributorId":107917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028383,"text":"70028383 - 2006 - Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:01:36","indexId":"70028383","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","docAbstract":"<p>A new stochastic approach proposed by Zhang and Lu (2004), called the Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition‐based moment equation (KLME), has been extended to solving nonlinear, unconfined flow problems in randomly heterogeneous aquifers. This approach is on the basis of an innovative combination of Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition, polynomial expansion, and perturbation methods. The random log‐transformed hydraulic conductivity field (<i>lnK</i><sub><i>S</i></sub>) is first expanded into a series in terms of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables with their coefficients obtained as the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the covariance function of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>lnK</i><sub><i>S</i></sub>. Next, head<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is decomposed as a perturbation expansion series Σ<i>h</i><sup>(<i>m</i>)</sup>, where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><sup>(<i>m</i>)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>represents the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>m</i>th‐order head term with respect to the standard deviation of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>lnK</i><sub><i>S</i></sub>. Then<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><sup>(<i>m</i>)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is further expanded into a polynomial series of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>m</i><span>&nbsp;</span>products of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables whose coefficients <sup><i>h</i><sub></sub></sup><sub></sub><sub><sup></sup></sub><sup><i><sub>i</sub></i></sup><sub>1</sub><sub></sub>,<sub><sup><i>i</i></sup>2</sub>,...,<i><sub><sup>i</sup>m</sub></i><sup>(<i>m</i>)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>are deterministic and solved sequentially from low to high expansion orders using MODFLOW‐2000. Finally, the statistics of head and flux are computed using simple algebraic operations on&nbsp;<sup><i>h</i></sup><sup><i><sub>i</sub></i></sup><sub>1</sub><span>,</span><sub><sup><i>i</i></sup>2</sub><span>,...,</span><i><sub><sup>i</sup>m</sub></i><sup>(<i>m</i>)</sup><span>.&nbsp;</span>A series of numerical test results in 2‐D and 3‐D unconfined flow systems indicated that the KLME approach is effective in estimating the mean and (co)variance of both heads and fluxes and requires much less computational effort as compared to the traditional Monte Carlo simulation technique.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004766","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Zhang, D., and Lu, Z., 2006, Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 9, Article W09412; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004766.","productDescription":"Article W09412; 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9855e4b08c986b31bf9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhiming","contributorId":174148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhiming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028666,"text":"70028666 - 2006 - Two models for evaluating landslide hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028666","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two models for evaluating landslide hazards","docAbstract":"Two alternative procedures for estimating landslide hazards were evaluated using data on topographic digital elevation models (DEMs) and bedrock lithologies in an area adjacent to the Missouri River in Atchison County, Kansas, USA. The two procedures are based on the likelihood ratio model but utilize different assumptions. The empirical likelihood ratio model is based on non-parametric empirical univariate frequency distribution functions under an assumption of conditional independence while the multivariate logistic discriminant model assumes that likelihood ratios can be expressed in terms of logistic functions. The relative hazards of occurrence of landslides were estimated by an empirical likelihood ratio model and by multivariate logistic discriminant analysis. Predictor variables consisted of grids containing topographic elevations, slope angles, and slope aspects calculated from a 30-m DEM. An integer grid of coded bedrock lithologies taken from digitized geologic maps was also used as a predictor variable. Both statistical models yield relative estimates in the form of the proportion of total map area predicted to already contain or to be the site of future landslides. The stabilities of estimates were checked by cross-validation of results from random subsamples, using each of the two procedures. Cell-by-cell comparisons of hazard maps made by the two models show that the two sets of estimates are virtually identical. This suggests that the empirical likelihood ratio and the logistic discriminant analysis models are robust with respect to the conditional independent assumption and the logistic function assumption, respectively, and that either model can be used successfully to evaluate landslide hazards. ?? 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2006.02.006","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Chung, C., and Ohlmacher, G., 2006, Two models for evaluating landslide hazards: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1120-1127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.02.006.","startPage":"1120","endPage":"1127","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.02.006"},{"id":236434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb95be4b08c986b327be0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chung, C.-J.","contributorId":101861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"C.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlmacher, G.C.","contributorId":63064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlmacher","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028459,"text":"70028459 - 2006 - Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:43:01","indexId":"70028459","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity discovered sulphate-rich sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum on Mars, which are interpreted by McCollom and Hynek</span><sup></sup><span>&nbsp;as altered volcanic rocks. However, their conclusions are derived from an incorrect representation of our depositional model</span><sup></sup><span>, which is upheld by more recent Rover data</span><sup></sup><span>. We contend that all the available data still support an aeolian and aqueous sedimentary origin for Meridiani bedrock.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature05212","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Aharonson, O., Arvidson, R., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Crisp, J., Farrand, W., Glotch, T., Golombek, M., Grant, J., Grotzinger, J., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Jolliff, B., Knoll, A., McLennan, S.M., McSween, H., Moore, J.N., Rice, J.W., and Tosca, N., 2006, Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum: Nature, v. 443, no. 7107, p. E1-E2, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05212.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"E1","endPage":"E2","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"443","issue":"7107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bb7e4b0c8380cd795b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aharonson, O.","contributorId":105030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aharonson","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, B. C.","contributorId":39918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crisp, J.A.","contributorId":36327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crisp","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Farrand, W.","contributorId":32661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Glotch, T.","contributorId":85051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glotch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grant, J.","contributorId":53929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Grotzinger, J.","contributorId":73384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"McSween, H.Y.","contributorId":64370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSween","given":"H.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Tosca, N.","contributorId":24982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosca","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70028610,"text":"70028610 - 2006 - Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028610","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada","docAbstract":"The Yucca Mountain Performance Confirmation program consists of tests, monitoring activities, experiments, and analyses to evaluate the adequacy of assumptions, data, and analyses that form the basis of the conceptual and numerical models of flow and transport associated with a proposed radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The Performance Confirmation program uses an eight-stage risk-informed, performance-based approach. Selection of the Performance Confirmation activities for inclusion in the Performance Confirmation program was done using a risk-informed performance-based decision analysis. The result of this analysis was a Performance Confirmation base portfolio that consists of 20 activities. The 20 Performance Confirmation activities include geologic, hydrologie, and construction/engineering testing. Some of the activities began during site characterization, and others will begin during construction, or post emplacement, and continue until repository closure.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"LeCain, G., Barr, D., Weaver, D., Snell, R., Goodin, S., and Hansen, F., 2006, Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 1058-1065.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1065","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f773","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeCain, G.D.","contributorId":22810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"G.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, D.","contributorId":100177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, D.","contributorId":71750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snell, R.","contributorId":106690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodin, S.W.","contributorId":100597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodin","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, F.D.","contributorId":6241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70179516,"text":"70179516 - 2006 - Effects of hydropower operations on spawning habitat, rearing habitat, and standing/entrapment mortality of fall Chinook salmon in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:18:20","indexId":"70179516","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Effects of hydropower operations on spawning habitat, rearing habitat, and standing/entrapment mortality of fall Chinook salmon in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes research conducted primarily in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the effects of upstream dam operations on spawning and rearing conditions for fall Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. Results from habitat modeling tasks which continued in 2005 and 2006 are also included in this report. This study is focused on the effects of streamflows and streamflow fluctuations on 1) entrapment and entrapment mortality of juveniles, 2) adult spawning habitat, and 3) juvenile rearing habitat. An independent peer review was conducted on the draft version of this report utilizing three reviewers, each with different areas of expertise and different levels of knowledge regarding hydrodynamic modeling, fall Chinook biology, life history, and habitat requirements, and fishery issues relating to hydropower development and operations. Peer review comments have been incorporated into this final version. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Anglin, D.R., Haeseker, S.L., Skalicky, J., Schaller, H., Tiffan, K.F., Hatten, J.R., Hoffarth, P., Nugent, J., Benner, D., and Yoshinaka, M., 2006, Effects of hydropower operations on spawning habitat, rearing habitat, and standing/entrapment mortality of fall Chinook salmon in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, xiii., 247 p.","productDescription":"xiii., 247 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hanford Reach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        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Fisheries Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skalicky, Joseph J.","contributorId":91386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalicky","given":"Joseph J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaller, Howard","contributorId":177727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoffarth, Paul","contributorId":177927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffarth","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nugent, John","contributorId":177928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nugent","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Benner, David","contributorId":177929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benner","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yoshinaka, Marv","contributorId":177930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoshinaka","given":"Marv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70179513,"text":"70179513 - 2006 - Behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids during evaluation of a new fish screen at Cowlitz Falls Dam, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:01:13","indexId":"70179513","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids during evaluation of a new fish screen at Cowlitz Falls Dam, 2006","docAbstract":"<p><span>In spring of 2006, Tacoma Power installed a new fish screen at the Cowlitz Falls Project (CFP) with the purpose of improving the collection of anadromous juvenile fish for downstream transport. The new fish screen was placed between the upstream baffle panels and the fish gates and flume system that lead to the Cowlitz Falls Fish Facility. We initiated a radio telemetry evaluation of the screen using juvenile coho (</span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i><span>), steelhead (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>), and spring Chinook salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>). These evaluations were intended to provide guidance to direct efforts to further improve juvenile fish collection. Based on study findings in 2006, and 2007 the screen will be modified and evaluated again in 2008.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Tacoma Power","usgsCitation":"Kock, T., Kritter, M., Liedtke, T., and Rondorf, D., 2006, Behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids during evaluation of a new fish screen at Cowlitz Falls Dam, 2006.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.04711914062499,\n              46.50524553517963\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0962142944336,\n              46.48917442111501\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12265014648438,\n              46.477117968460334\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13535308837889,\n              46.4662412291809\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13329315185545,\n              46.45891002666903\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12127685546875,\n              46.45891002666903\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06668853759766,\n              46.46198452210705\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01793670654297,\n              46.44684686803493\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02480316162108,\n              46.50477292314974\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04711914062499,\n              46.50524553517963\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1837e4b0f5ce109fcb43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, T.J.","contributorId":39578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kritter, M.A","contributorId":177850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kritter","given":"M.A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liedtke, T.L.","contributorId":32800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028779,"text":"70028779 - 2006 - Addition of simultaneous heat and solute transport and variable fluid viscosity to SEAWAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028779","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Addition of simultaneous heat and solute transport and variable fluid viscosity to SEAWAT","docAbstract":"SEAWAT is a finite-difference computer code designed to simulate coupled variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. This paper describes a new version of SEAWAT that adds the ability to simultaneously model energy and solute transport. This is necessary for simulating the transport of heat and salinity in coastal aquifers for example. This work extends the equation of state for fluid density to vary as a function of temperature and/or solute concentration. The program has also been modified to represent the effects of variable fluid viscosity as a function of temperature and/or concentration. The viscosity mechanism is verified against an analytical solution, and a test of temperature-dependent viscosity is provided. Finally, the classic Henry-Hilleke problem is solved with the new code. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2006.04.005","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Thorne, D., Langevin, C., and Sukop, M., 2006, Addition of simultaneous heat and solute transport and variable fluid viscosity to SEAWAT: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 10, p. 1758-1768, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.04.005.","startPage":"1758","endPage":"1768","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.04.005"},{"id":236477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e7e4b0c8380cd47705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, D.","contributorId":64009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sukop, M.C.","contributorId":88468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028402,"text":"70028402 - 2006 - Population momentum across vertebrate life histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028402","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population momentum across vertebrate life histories","docAbstract":"Population abundance is critically important in conservation, management, and demographic theory. Thus, to better understand how perturbations to the life history affect long-term population size, we examined population momentum for four vertebrate classes with different life history strategies. In a series of demographic experiments we show that population momentum generally has a larger effect on long-term population size for organisms with long generation times than for organisms with short generation times. However, patterns between population momentum and generation time varied across taxonomic groups and according to the life history parameter that was changed. Our findings indicate that momentum may be an especially important aspect of population dynamics for long-lived vertebrates, and deserves greater attention in life history studies. Further, we discuss the importance of population momentum in natural resource management, pest control, and conservation arenas. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.034","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Koons, D.N., Grand, J., and Arnold, J., 2006, Population momentum across vertebrate life histories: Ecological Modelling, v. 197, no. 3-4, p. 418-430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.034.","startPage":"418","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210273,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.034"},{"id":237144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d82e4b0c8380cd79fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koons, D. N.","contributorId":68093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, J.M.","contributorId":84489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028439,"text":"70028439 - 2006 - Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T18:10:19","indexId":"70028439","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment","docAbstract":"<p>Ground penetrating radar is an efficient geophysical method for the detection and location of fractures and fracture zones in electrically resistive rocks. In this study, the use of down-hole (borehole) radar reflection logs to monitor the injection of steam in fractured rocks was tested as part of a field-scale, steam-enhanced remediation pilot study conducted at a fractured limestone quarry contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons at the former Loring Air Force Base, Limestone, Maine, USA. In support of the pilot study, borehole radar reflection logs were collected three times (before, during, and near the end of steam injection) using broadband 100 MHz electric dipole antennas. Numerical modelling was performed to predict the effect of heating on radar-frequency electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity, attenuation, and fracture reflectivity. The modelling results indicate that EM wave velocity and attenuation change substantially if heating increases the electrical conductivity of the limestone matrix. Furthermore, the net effect of heat-induced variations in fracture-fluid dielectric properties on average medium velocity is insignificant because the expected total fracture porosity is low. In contrast, changes in fracture fluid electrical conductivity can have a significant effect on EM wave attenuation and fracture reflectivity. Total replacement of water by steam in a fracture decreases fracture reflectivity of a factor of 10 and induces a change in reflected wave polarity. Based on the numerical modelling results, a reflection amplitude analysis method was developed to delineate fractures where steam has displaced water. Radar reflection logs collected during the three acquisition periods were analysed in the frequency domain to determine if steam had replaced water in the fractures (after normalizing the logs to compensate for differences in antenna performance between logging runs). Analysis of the radar reflection logs from a borehole where the temperature increased substantially during the steam injection experiment shows an increase in attenuation and a decrease in reflectivity in the vicinity of the borehole. Results of applying the reflection amplitude analysis method developed for this study indicate that steam did not totally replace the water in most of the fractures. The observed decreases in reflectivity were consistent with an increase in fracture-water temperature, rather than the presence of steam. A limiting assumption of the reflection amplitude analysis method is the requirement for complete displacement of water in a fracture by steam.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Joesten, P., and Lane, J., 2006, Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 41-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Limestone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.92117118835449,\n              46.95465637620638\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.91112899780273,\n              46.95465637620638\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.91112899780273,\n              46.96022176137895\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.92117118835449,\n              46.96022176137895\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.92117118835449,\n              46.95465637620638\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbec7e4b08c986b3297a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, C.","contributorId":37142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028407,"text":"70028407 - 2006 - Balancing predation and egg harvest in a colonial seabird: A simulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:28:26","indexId":"70028407","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balancing predation and egg harvest in a colonial seabird: A simulation model","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed an individual-based model to study the effects of different regimes of harvesting eggs and natural predation on reproductive success in a colony of the glaucous-winged gull (</span><i>Larus glaucescens</i><span>) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. The model incorporates the sequence of egg laying, relaying, and incubation to hatching for individual nests and calculates hatching success, incubation length, and the total number of eggs laid (as a result of re-nesting and relaying) in all nests in the colony. Stochasticity is incorporated in the distribution of nest lay dates, predation rates, and nests attacked during predation and harvest events. We estimated parameter values by fitting the model to data collected at a small colony during 1999 and 2000 using maximum likelihood. We then simulated harvests and analyzed model predictions. Model outputs indicate that harvesting early, and at one time, provides a predictable take of eggs with the least impact to gulls.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.002","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Zador, S., Piatt, J.F., and Punt, A., 2006, Balancing predation and egg harvest in a colonial seabird: A simulation model: Ecological Modelling, v. 195, no. 3-4, p. 318-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.002"}],"volume":"195","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efaae4b0c8380cd4a3b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zador, Stephani","contributorId":60992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zador","given":"Stephani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Punt, A. E.","contributorId":25747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Punt","given":"A. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028690,"text":"70028690 - 2006 - Quantifying the uncertainty in site amplification modeling and its effects on site-specific seismic-hazard estimation in the upper Mississippi embayment and adjacent areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028690","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the uncertainty in site amplification modeling and its effects on site-specific seismic-hazard estimation in the upper Mississippi embayment and adjacent areas","docAbstract":"The Mississippi embayment, located in the central United States, and its thick deposits of sediments (over 1 km in places) have a large effect on earthquake ground motions. Several previous studies have addressed how these thick sediments might modify probabilistic seismic-hazard maps. The high seismic hazard associated with the New Madrid seismic zone makes it particularly important to quantify the uncertainty in modeling site amplification to better represent earthquake hazard in seismic-hazard maps. The methodology of the Memphis urban seismic-hazard-mapping project (Cramer et al., 2004) is combined with the reference profile approach of Toro and Silva (2001) to better estimate seismic hazard in the Mississippi embayment. Improvements over previous approaches include using the 2002 national seismic-hazard model, fully probabilistic hazard calculations, calibration of site amplification with improved nonlinear soil-response estimates, and estimates of uncertainty. Comparisons are made with the results of several previous studies, and estimates of uncertainty inherent in site-amplification modeling for the upper Mississippi embayment are developed. I present new seismic-hazard maps for the upper Mississippi embayment with the effects of site geology incorporating these uncertainties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060037","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., 2006, Quantifying the uncertainty in site amplification modeling and its effects on site-specific seismic-hazard estimation in the upper Mississippi embayment and adjacent areas: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 6, p. 2008-2020, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060037.","startPage":"2008","endPage":"2020","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209604,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060037"},{"id":236258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91eee4b0c8380cd8054d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028831,"text":"70028831 - 2006 - Absolute calibration accuracy of L4 TM and L5 TM sensor image pairs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T15:11:33.806895","indexId":"70028831","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Absolute calibration accuracy of L4 TM and L5 TM sensor image pairs","docAbstract":"The Landsat suite of satellites has collected the longest continuous archive of multispectral data of any land-observing space program. From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has benefited from a historical record of remotely sensed data. However, little attention has been paid to ensuring that the data are calibrated and comparable from mission to mission, Launched in 1982 and 1984 respectively, the Landsat 4 (L4) and Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mappers (TM) are the backbone of an extensive archive of moderate resolution Earth imagery. To evaluate the \"current\" absolute accuracy of these two sensors, image pairs from the L5 TM and L4 TM sensors were compared. The approach involves comparing image statistics derived from large common areas observed eight days apart by the two sensors. The average percent differences in reflectance estimates obtained from the L4 TM agree with those from the L5 TM to within 15 percent. Additional work to characterize the absolute differences between the two sensors over the entire mission is in progress.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XI","conferenceDate":"Aug 14-16, 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.683240","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., and Micijevic, E., 2006, Absolute calibration accuracy of L4 TM and L5 TM sensor image pairs, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6296, San Diego, CA, Aug 14-16, 2006, 62960D, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.683240.","productDescription":"62960D","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6296","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e64ae4b0c8380cd47305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028850,"text":"70028850 - 2006 - Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028850","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors","docAbstract":"Concentrations of methylmercury in game fish from many interior lakes in Voyageurs National Park (MN, U.S.A.) substantially exceed criteria for the protection of human health. We assessed the importance of atmospheric and geologic sources of mercury to interior lakes and watersheds within the Park and identified ecosystem factors associated with variation in methylmercury contamination of lacustrine food webs. Geologic sources of mercury were small, based on analyses of underlying bedrock and C-horizon soils, and nearly all mercury in the O- and A-horizon soils was derived from atmospheric deposition. Analyses of dated sediment cores from five lakes showed that most (63% ?? 13%) of the mercury accumulated in lake sediments during the 1900s was from anthropogenic sources. Contamination of food webs was assessed by analysis of whole, 1-year-old yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a regionally important prey fish. The concentrations of total mercury in yellow perch and of methylmercury in lake water varied substantially among lakes, reflecting the influence of ecosystem processes and variables that affect the microbial production and abundance of methylmercury. Models developed with the information-theoretic approach (Akaike Information Criteria) identified lake water pH, dissolved sulfate, and total organic carbon (an indicator of wetland influence) as factors influencing methylmercury concentrations in lake water and fish. We conclude that nearly all of the mercury in fish in this seemingly pristine landscape was derived from atmospheric deposition, that most of this bioaccumulated mercury was from anthropogenic sources, and that both watershed and lacustrine factors exert important controls on the bioaccumulation of methylmercury. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es060822h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., Knights, B., Sandheinrich, M., Jeremiason, J.D., Brigham, M.E., Engstrom, D., Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W., and Balogh, S., 2006, Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 20, p. 6261-6268, https://doi.org/10.1021/es060822h.","startPage":"6261","endPage":"6268","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es060822h"},{"id":236379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5416e4b0c8380cd6ce9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":7146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeremiason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Engstrom, D.R.","contributorId":88496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Balogh, S.J.","contributorId":107455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1015173,"text":"1015173 - 2006 - Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T10:46:58","indexId":"1015173","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>We quantified broad-scale patterns of species richness and species density (mean # species/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) for native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes in the continental USA and Hawaii. We hypothesized that the species density of native and non-indigenous taxa would generally decrease in northern latitudes and higher elevations following declines in potential evapotranspiration, mean temperature, and precipitation. County data on plants (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i><span> = 3004 counties) and birds (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i><span>=3074 counties), and drainage (6 HUC) data on fishes (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i><span> = 328 drainages) showed that the densities of native and non-indigenous species were strongly positively correlated for plant species (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span> = 0.86, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001), bird species (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span> = 0.93, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i><span>&lt;0.0001), and fish species (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span> = 0.41, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i><span>&lt;0.0001). Multiple regression models showed that the densities of native plant and bird species could be strongly predicted (adj. </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.66 in both models) at county levels, but fish species densities were less predictable at drainage levels (adj. </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.31,</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i><span>&lt;0.0001). Similarly, non-indigenous plant and bird species densities were strongly predictable (adj. </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.84 and 0.91 respectively), but non-indigenous fish species density was less predictable (adj. </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.38). County level hotspots of native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes were located in low elevation areas close to the coast with high precipitation and productivity (vegetation carbon). We show that (1) native species richness can be moderately well predicted with abiotic factors; (2) human populations have tended to settle in areas rich in native species; and (3) the richness and density of non-indigenous plant, bird, and fish species can be accurately predicted from biotic and abiotic factors largely because they are positively correlated to native species densities. We conclude that while humans facilitate the initial establishment, invasions of non-indigenous species, the spread and subsequent distributions of non-indigenous species may be controlled largely by environmental factors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-005-6422-0","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., Barnett, D., Flather, C., Fuller, P.L., Peterjohn, B.G., Kartesz, J., and Master, L.L., 2006, Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States: Biological Invasions, v. 8, no. 3, p. 427-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-6422-0.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, David","contributorId":174944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flather, Curtis","contributorId":104779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flather","given":"Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Pamela L. 0000-0002-9389-9144 pfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":3217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pamela","email":"pfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterjohn, Bruce G. bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"Bruce","email":"bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":322425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kartesz, John","contributorId":11132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kartesz","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Master, Lawrence L.","contributorId":174945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Master","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028730,"text":"70028730 - 2006 - Foreword: Understanding through modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028730","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Foreword: Understanding through modeling","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Zheng, C., Poeter, E., Hill, M., and Doherty, J., 2006, Foreword: Understanding through modeling, <i>in</i> Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 769-770, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x.","startPage":"769","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477531,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x"},{"id":236300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1342e4b0c8380cd545a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, C.","contributorId":39976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, E.","contributorId":48708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, M.","contributorId":12635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, J.","contributorId":98425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028716,"text":"70028716 - 2006 - Nearshore shore-oblique bars, gravel outcrops, and their correlation to shoreline change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:59:30","indexId":"70028716","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearshore shore-oblique bars, gravel outcrops, and their correlation to shoreline change","docAbstract":"<p>This study demonstrates the physical concurrence of shore-oblique bars and gravel outcrops in the surf zone along the northern Outer Banks of North Carolina. These subaqueous features are spatially correlated with shoreline change at a range of temporal and spatial scales. Previous studies have noted the existence of beach-surf zone interactions, but in general, relationships between nearshore geological features and coastal change are poorly understood. These new findings should be considered when exploring coastal zone dynamics and developing predictive engineering models.</p><p>The surf zone and nearshore region of the Outer Banks is predominantly planar and sandy, but there are several discrete regions with shore-oblique bars and interspersed gravel outcrops. These bar fields have relief up to 3&nbsp;m, are several kilometers wide, and were relatively stationary over a 1.5&nbsp;year survey period; however, the shoreward component of the bar field does exhibit change during this time frame. All gravel outcrops observed in the study region, a 40&nbsp;km longshore length, were located adjacent to a shore-oblique bar, in a trough that had width and length similar to that of the associated bar. Seismic surveys show that the outcrops are part of a gravel stratum underlying the active surface sand layer.</p><p>Cross-correlation analyses demonstrate high correlation of monthly and multi-decadal shoreline change rates with the adjacent surf-zone bathymetry and sediment distribution. Regionally, areas with shore-oblique bars and gravel outcrops are correlated with on-shore areas of high short-term shoreline variability and high long-term shoreline change rates. The major peaks in long-term shoreline erosion are onshore of shore-oblique bars, but not all areas with high rates of long-term shoreline change are associated with shore-oblique bars and troughs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2006.08.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Schupp, C., McNinch, J.E., and List, J.H., 2006, Nearshore shore-oblique bars, gravel outcrops, and their correlation to shoreline change: Marine Geology, v. 233, no. 1-4, p. 63-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.08.007.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.8660888671875,\n              35.03449433167976\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.21240234375,\n              35.03449433167976\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.21240234375,\n              36.15561783381855\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8660888671875,\n              36.15561783381855\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.8660888671875,\n              35.03449433167976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"233","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a641ae4b0c8380cd7289e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schupp, C.A.","contributorId":12674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNinch, J. E.","contributorId":50342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNinch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028764,"text":"70028764 - 2006 - Recorded earthquake responses from the integrated seismic monitoring network of the Atwood Building, Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028764","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recorded earthquake responses from the integrated seismic monitoring network of the Atwood Building, Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"An integrated seismic monitoring system with a total of 53 channels of accelerometers is now operating in and at the nearby free-field site of the 20-story steel-framed Atwood Building in highly seismic Anchorage, Alaska. The building has a single-story basement and a reinforced concrete foundation without piles. The monitoring system comprises a 32-channel structural array and a 21-channel site array. Accelerometers are deployed on 10 levels of the building to assess translational, torsional, and rocking motions, interstory drift (displacement) between selected pairs of adjacent floors, and average drift between floors. The site array, located approximately a city block from the building, comprises seven triaxial accelerometers, one at the surface and six in boreholes ranging in depths from 15 to 200 feet (???5-60 meters). The arrays have already recorded low-amplitude shaking responses of the building and the site caused by numerous earthquakes at distances ranging from tens to a couple of hundred kilometers. Data from an earthquake that occurred 186 km away traces the propagation of waves from the deepest borehole to the roof of the building in approximately 0.5 seconds. Fundamental structural frequencies [0.58 Hz (NS) and 0.47 Hz (EW)], low damping percentages (2-4%), mode coupling, and beating effects are identified. The fundamental site frequency at approximately 1.5 Hz is close to the second modal frequencies (1.83 Hz NS and 1.43 EW) of the building, which may cause resonance of the building. Additional earthquakes prove repeatability of these characteristics; however, stronger shaking may alter these conclusions. ?? 2006, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.2359702","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2006, Recorded earthquake responses from the integrated seismic monitoring network of the Atwood Building, Anchorage, Alaska: Earthquake Spectra, v. 22, no. 4, p. 847-864, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2359702.","startPage":"847","endPage":"864","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2359702"},{"id":236786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a283e4b0e8fec6cdb629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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