The distribution and amount of genetic variation within and between populations of plant species are important for their adaptability to future habitat changes and also critical for their restoration and overall management. This study was initiated to assess the genetic status of the remnant population of Melicope zahlbruckneri–a critically endangered species in Hawaii, and determine the extent of genetic variation and diversity in order to propose valuable conservation approaches. Estimated genetic structure of individuals based on molecular marker allele frequencies identified genetic groups with low overall differentiation but identified the most genetically diverse individuals within the population. Analysis of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphic (AFLP) marker loci in the population based on Bayesian model and multivariate statistics classified the population into four subgroups. We inferred a mixed species population structure based on Bayesian clustering and frequency of unique alleles. The percentage of Polymorphic Fragment (PPF) ranged from 18.8 to 64.6% for all marker loci with an average of 54.9% within the population. Inclusion of all surviving M. zahlbruckneri trees in future restorative planting at new sites are suggested, and approaches for longer term maintenance of genetic variability are discussed. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of molecular genetic analysis of the remaining population of M. zahlbruckneri and also illustrates the importance of genetic variability for conservation of a small endangered population.
","language":"English","publisher":"OMICS International","doi":"10.4172/2332-2543.1000175","usgsCitation":"Raji, J., and Atkinson, C.T., 2016, Genetic variation and structure in remnant population of critically endangered Melicope zahlbruckneri: Journal of Biodiversity & Endangered Species, v. 4, no. 3, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2543.1000175.","productDescription":"Article 1000175; 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-080087","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2543.1000175","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3c13e4b0d96de2564543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raji, J. A.","contributorId":178331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raji","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182061,"text":"70182061 - 2016 - Application of ground penetrating radar for identification of washover deposits and other stratigraphic features: Assateague Island, MD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:45:38.273515","indexId":"70182061","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3928,"text":"Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics","printIssn":"1083-1363","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of ground penetrating radar for identification of washover deposits and other stratigraphic features: Assateague Island, MD","docAbstract":"A combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data, core data, and aerial photographs were analyzed to better understand the evolution of two portions of Assateague Island, Maryland. The focus of the study was to investigate the applicability of using GPR data to image washover deposits in the stratigraphic record. High amplitude reflections observed in two shore-perpendicular GPR profiles were correlated to shallow (<1 m) lithologic contacts observed in sediment cores. At these contacts, deposits consisting primarily of quartz sand overlie sediments with organic matter that include degraded plant root or stem material. The underlying organic matter likely represents the vegetated portion of the barrier island that was buried by washover fans deposited during hurricanes Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012), as indicated in high-resolution aerial photographs. The GPR data were able to delineate the washover deposits from the underlying stratigraphic unit; however, the radar data did not resolve finer structures necessary to definitively differentiate washover facies from other sand-rich deposits (e.g., flood-tide deltas and dunes). Other GPR profiles contain reflections that likely correlate to geomorphic features like tidal channels and vegetated zones observed in historical aerial imagery. Burial of these features by overwash fluxes were observed in the aerial imagery and thus the resulting radar sequence is largely interpreted as washover deposits. Deeper, channel-like features that have been infilled were also observed in shore-parallel profiles and these features coincide with scour channels observed in the 1966 aerial photography. Additional sedimentological data are required to determine what role overwash played in the in-filling of these features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.2113/JEEG21.4.173","usgsCitation":"Zaremba, N., Smith, C.G., Bernier, J., and Forde, A.S., 2016, Application of ground penetrating radar for identification of washover deposits and other stratigraphic features: Assateague Island, MD: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 21, no. 4, p. 173-186, https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG21.4.173.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-074256","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337659,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52cde4b0849ce97c86a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaremba, Nicholas 0000-0002-2361-2881 nzaremba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-2881","contributorId":181756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaremba","given":"Nicholas","email":"nzaremba@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forde, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255 aforde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forde","given":"Arnell","email":"aforde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179093,"text":"70179093 - 2016 - Evolution of the Lower Tertiary Elko Lake Basin, a potential hydrocarbon source rock in Northeast Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:16:23","indexId":"70179093","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evolution of the Lower Tertiary Elko Lake Basin, a potential hydrocarbon source rock in Northeast Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Unconventional Plays, Rocky Mountain Region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., and Birdwell, J.E., 2016, Evolution of the Lower Tertiary Elko Lake Basin, a potential hydrocarbon source rock in Northeast Nevada, chap. of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Unconventional Plays, Rocky Mountain Region, p. 261-294.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-063444","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.rmag.org/publications"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b82e4b02bdf681568b7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dolan, Michael P.","contributorId":12880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7104,"text":"Dolan Integration Group, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656056,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656058,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178070,"text":"fs20163096 - 2016 - Selected streambed sediment compounds and water toxicity results for Westside Creeks, San Antonio, Texas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-01T13:36:42","indexId":"fs20163096","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3096","title":"Selected streambed sediment compounds and water toxicity results for Westside Creeks, San Antonio, Texas, 2014","docAbstract":"The Alazán, Apache, Martínez, and San Pedro Creeks in San Antonio, Texas, are part of a network of urban tributaries to the San Antonio River, known locally as the Westside Creeks. The Westside Creeks flow through some of the oldest neighborhoods in San Antonio. The disruption of streambed sediment is anticipated during a planned restoration to improve and restore the environmental condition of 14 miles of channelized sections of the Westside Creeks in San Antonio. These construction activities can create the potential to reintroduce chemicals found in the sediments into the ecosystem where, depending on hydrologic and environmental conditions, they could become bioavailable and toxic to aquatic life. Elevated concentrations of sediment-associated contaminants often are measured in urban areas such as San Antonio, Tex. Contaminants found in sediment can affect the health of aquatic organisms that ingest sediment. The gradual accumulation of trace elements and organic compounds in aquatic organisms can cause various physiological issues and can ultimately result in death of the aquatic organisms; in addition, subsequent ingestion of aquatic organisms can transfer the accumulated contaminants upward through the food chain (a process called biomagnification).
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority, collected sediment samples and water samples for toxicity testing from sites on the Westside Creeks as part of an initial characterization of selected contaminants in the study area. Samples were collected in January 2014 during base-flow conditions and again in May 2104 after a period of stormwater runoff (poststorm conditions). Sediment samples were analyzed for selected constituents, including trace elements and organic contaminants such as pesticides, brominated flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, as an indicator of ecological health (and possibly bioavailability of contaminants in disturbed streambed sediments), the toxicity of water samples to the indicator species Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) was evaluated by using standard 7-day water-toxicity testing.
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Crow, C.L., Wilson, J.T., and Kunz, J.L., 2016, Selected streambed sediment compounds and water toxicity results for Westside Creeks, San Antonio, Texas, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3096, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163096.","productDescription":"Document: 4 p.; Companion File","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079315","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3096/fs20163096_SpanishVersion.pdf","text":"Spanish Fact Sheet","size":"613 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3096 Spanish Version"},{"id":331374,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5136/sir20165136.pdf","text":"SIR 2016–5136","size":"8.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5136"},{"id":331370,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3096/fs20163096.pdf","text":"English Fact Sheet","size":"667 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3096 English Version"},{"id":331369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3096/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.604167,\n 29.475\n ],\n [\n -98.604167,\n 29.3625\n ],\n [\n -98.454167,\n 29.3625\n ],\n [\n -98.454167,\n 29.475\n ],\n [\n -98.604167,\n 29.475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754–4501
Fission–fusion dynamics appear common among temperate bats where females form roost groups that change in size and composition, as females switch roosts almost daily. One hypothesis for frequent roost switching is that females move to find suitable thermal conditions as ambient conditions change. Tests of this hypothesis have, however, been conducted mostly at roosts in artificial structures where microclimate is relatively stable. The goal of our study was to determine whether roost switching and roost use by northern long-eared bats, Myotis septentrionalis, that roost in trees are related to ambient conditions. We used generalized linear fixed effects models to explore the influence of roost characteristics and changes in ambient conditions on the likelihood of roost switching. We used canonical correlation analyses to examine the relationship between ambient conditions and roost characteristics. Roost switching was indeed linked to ambient conditions together with characteristics of roosts on the previous day; the best descriptors of roost switching differed between the two geographical regions we analysed. In Nova Scotia, females were less likely to switch roosts when it rained, particularly if they were in roosts below surrounding canopy whereas they were more likely to switch roosts when they were in roosts of high decay. Females roosted in shorter trees in earlier decay classes on warm days, as well as on windy and rainy days. In Kentucky, females were more likely to switch roosts at high temperatures, particularly when they were in roosts in high decay. Females roosted in shorter, decayed trees on warm days, and in less decayed trees with small diameter on windy and rainy days. Our results suggest bats switch roosts in response to changes in ambient conditions to select suitable roosting conditions, which may explain some of the proximate factors shaping fission–fusion dynamics of bats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.09.022","usgsCitation":"Patriquin, K.J., Leonard, M.L., Broders, H.G., Ford, W.M., Britzke, E.R., and Silvis, A., 2016, Weather as a proximate explanation for fission–fusion dynamics in female northern long-eared bats: Animal Behaviour, v. 122, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.09.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-071165","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bbe4b0c2e071a99b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patriquin, Krista J.","contributorId":191434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patriquin","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonard, Marty L.","contributorId":191435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonard","given":"Marty","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broders, Hugh G.","contributorId":191436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Broders","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Britzke, Eric R.","contributorId":8327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britzke","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194259,"text":"70194259 - 2016 - Detection of water and/or hydroxyl on asteroid (16) Psyche","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T13:57:01","indexId":"70194259","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":914,"text":"Astronomical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of water and/or hydroxyl on asteroid (16) Psyche","docAbstract":"In order to search for evidence of hydration on M-type asteroid (16) Psyche, we observed this object in the 3 μm spectral region using the long-wavelength cross-dispersed (LXD: 1.9–4.2 μm) mode of the SpeX spectrograph/imager at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. Our observations show that Psyche exhibits a 3 μm absorption feature, attributed to water or hydroxyl. The 3 μm absorption feature is consistent with the hydration features found on the surfaces of water-rich asteroids, attributed to OH- and/or H2O-bearing phases (phyllosilicates). The detection of a 3 μm hydration absorption band on Psyche suggests that this asteroid may not be a metallic core, or it could be a metallic core that has been impacted by carbonaceous material over the past 4.5 Gyr. Our results also indicate rotational spectral variations, which we suggest reflect heterogeneity in the metal/silicate ratio on the surface of Psyche.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","doi":"10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/31","usgsCitation":"Takir, D., Reddy, V., Sanchez, J.A., Shepard, M.K., and Emery, J.P., 2016, Detection of water and/or hydroxyl on asteroid (16) Psyche: Astronomical Journal, v. 153, no. 1, Article 31, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/31.","productDescription":"Article 31","ipdsId":"IP-077844","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/31","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc7de4b06e28e9c23f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takir, Driss dtakir@usgs.gov","contributorId":152190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takir","given":"Driss","email":"dtakir@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, Vishnu","contributorId":16304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Vishnu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanchez, Juan A.","contributorId":200786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shepard, Michael K.","contributorId":200622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emery, Joshua P.","contributorId":152197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emery","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178781,"text":"70178781 - 2016 - Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T14:09:06","indexId":"70178781","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region","docAbstract":"Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes have been analyzed in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, the largest historic producer among the known iron deposits in the southeast Missouri portion of the 1.5 to 1.3 Ga eastern granite-rhyolite province. The data were collected to investigate the sources of ore fluids, conditions of ore formation, and provenance of sulfur, and to improve the general understanding of the copper, gold, and rare earth element potential of iron deposits regionally. The δ18O values of Pea Ridge magnetite are 1.9 to 4.0‰, consistent with a model in which some magnetite crystallized from a melt and other magnetite—perhaps the majority—precipitated from an aqueous fluid of magmatic origin. The δ18O values of quartz, apatite, actinolite, K-feldspar, sulfates, and calcite are significantly higher, enough so as to indicate growth or equilibration under cooler conditions than magnetite and/or in the presence of a fluid that was not entirely magmatic. A variety of observations, including stable isotope observations, implicate a second fluid that may ultimately have been meteoric in origin and may have been modified by isotopic exchange with rocks or by evaporation during storage in lakes.
Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides from Pea Ridge and seven other mineral deposits in the region reveal two distinct populations that average 3 and 13‰. Two sulfur sources are implied. One was probably igneous melts or rocks belonging to the mafic- to intermediate-composition volcanic suite that is present at or near most of the iron deposits; the other was either melts or volcanic rocks that had degassed very extensively, or else volcanic lakes that had trapped rising magmatic gases. The higher δ34S values correspond to deposits or prospects where copper is noteworthy—the Central Dome portion of the Boss deposit, the Bourbon deposit, and the Vilander prospective area. The correspondence suggests that (1) sulfur either limited the deposition of copper or was cotransported with copper, and (2) sulfur isotope analysis may be useful in evaluating southeast Missouri iron deposits for copper and possibly for gold.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.2017","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Day, W.C., and Rye, R.O., 2016, Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 2017-2032, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.2017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2017","endPage":"2032","ipdsId":"IP-069800","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58492df2e4b06d80b7b093a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179233,"text":"70179233 - 2016 - The Bonneville Flood—A veritable débâcle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-25T16:25:15.777691","indexId":"70179233","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"The Bonneville Flood—A veritable débâcle","docAbstract":"The Bonneville Flood was one of the largest floods on Earth. First discovered by G.K. Gilbert in the 1870s during his inspection of the outlet at Red Rock Pass, it was rediscovered in the 1950s by Harold Malde and coworkers, leading to mapping and assessment of spectacular flood features along Marsh Creek, Portneuf River, and Snake River for over 1100 km between the outlet and Lewiston, Idaho. The cataclysmic flood—from the rapid ~ 115 m drop of Lake Bonneville from the Bonneville level to the Provo level—was nearly 200 m deep in places and flowed at a maximum rate of about 1 million m3 s− 1; about 100 times greater than any historical Snake River flood. Along its route the Bonneville Flood carved canyons and cataract complexes and built massive boulder bars. These flood features have been a rich source for understanding megaflood processes. Yet it still offers much more with new and developing techniques for hydrodynamic modeling and landscape analysis.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in earth surface processes, vol. 20","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-63590-7.00006-8","usgsCitation":"O'Connor, J., 2016, The Bonneville Flood—A veritable débâcle, chap. 6 of Developments in earth surface processes, vol. 20, v. 20, p. 105-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63590-7.00006-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-072147","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1822e4b0f5ce109fcadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178570,"text":"70178570 - 2016 - Graphical function mapping as a new way to explore cause-and-effect chains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:36:31","indexId":"70178570","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Graphical function mapping as a new way to explore cause-and-effect chains","docAbstract":"Graphical function mapping provides a simple method for improving communication within interdisciplinary research teams and between scientists and nonscientists. This article introduces graphical function mapping using two examples and discusses its usefulness. Function mapping projects the outcome of one function into another to show the combined effect. Using this mathematical property in a simpler, even cartoon-like, graphical way allows the rapid combination of multiple information sources (models, empirical data, expert judgment, and guesses) in an intuitive visual to promote further discussion, scenario development, and clear communication.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1221404","usgsCitation":"Evans, M.A., 2016, Graphical function mapping as a new way to explore cause-and-effect chains: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 11, p. 638-643, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1221404.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"638","endPage":"643","ipdsId":"IP-060085","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dde4b04fc80e50737f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Mary Anne 0000-0002-1627-7210 maevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-7210","contributorId":4883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Mary","email":"maevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179026,"text":"70179026 - 2016 - Prediction of fish and sediment mercury in streams using landscape variables and historical mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:06:20","indexId":"70179026","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of fish and sediment mercury in streams using landscape variables and historical mining","docAbstract":"Widespread mercury (Hg) contamination of aquatic systems in the Sierra Nevada of California, U.S., is associated with historical use to enhance gold (Au) recovery by amalgamation. In areas affected by historical Au mining operations, including the western slope of the Sierra Nevada and downstream areas in northern California, such as San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento River–San Joaquin River Delta, microbial conversion of Hg to methylmercury (MeHg) leads to bioaccumulation of MeHg in food webs, and increased risks to humans and wildlife. This study focused on developing a predictive model for THg in stream fish tissue based on geospatial data, including land use/land cover data, and the distribution of legacy Au mines. Data on total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in fish tissue and streambed sediment collected during 1980–2012 from stream sites in the Sierra Nevada, California were combined with geospatial data to estimate fish THg concentrations across the landscape. THg concentrations of five fish species (Brown Trout, Rainbow Trout, Sacramento Pikeminnow, Sacramento Sucker, and Smallmouth Bass) within stream sections were predicted using multi-model inference based on Akaike Information Criteria, using geospatial data for mining history and landscape characteristics as well as fish species and length (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.001). Including THg concentrations in streambed sediment did not improve the model's fit, however including MeHg concentrations in streambed sediment, organic content (loss on ignition), and sediment grain size resulted in an improved fit (r2 = 0.63, p < 0.001). These models can be used to estimate THg concentrations in stream fish based on landscape variables in the Sierra Nevada in areas where direct measurements of THg concentration in fish are unavailable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.088","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Yee, J.L., Ackerman, J., Orlando, J.L., Slotton, D., and Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., 2016, Prediction of fish and sediment mercury in streams using landscape variables and historical mining: Science of the Total Environment, v. 571, p. 364-379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.088.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"379","ipdsId":"IP-071053","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.088","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"571","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bbe4b08138bf1abd50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221 jorlando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":1368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James","email":"jorlando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slotton, Darrell G.","contributorId":103361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotton","given":"Darrell G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186295,"text":"70186295 - 2016 - Interactions among vegetation, climate, and herbivory control greenhouse gas fluxes in a subarctic coastal wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T12:02:29","indexId":"70186295","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among vegetation, climate, and herbivory control greenhouse gas fluxes in a subarctic coastal wetland","docAbstract":"High-latitude ecosystems are experiencing the most rapid climate changes globally, and in many areas these changes are concurrent with shifts in patterns of herbivory. Individually, climate and herbivory are known to influence biosphere-atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange; however, the interactive effects of climate and herbivory in driving GHG fluxes have been poorly quantified, especially in coastal systems that support large populations of migratory waterfowl. We investigated the magnitude and the climatic and physical controls of GHG exchange within the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska across four distinct vegetation communities formed by herbivory and local microtopography. Net CO2 flux was greatest in the ungrazed Carex meadow community (3.97 ± 0.58 [SE] µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), but CH4 flux was greatest in the grazed community (14.00 ± 6.56 nmol CH4 m−2 s−1). The grazed community is also the only vegetation type where CH4 was a larger contributor than CO2 to overall GHG forcing. We found that vegetation community was an important predictor of CO2 and CH4 exchange, demonstrating that variation in regional gas exchange is best explained when the effect of grazing, determined by the difference between grazed and ungrazed communities, is included. Further, we identified an interaction between temperature and vegetation community, indicating that grazed regions could experience the greatest increases in CH4 emissions with warming. These results suggest that future GHG fluxes could be influenced by both climate and by changes in herbivore population dynamics that expand or contract the vegetation community most responsive to future temperature change.
Evolutionary traps are severe cases of behavioral maladaptation that occur when, due to human activity, the cues animals use to guide their behavior become uncoupled from their fitness consequences. The result is that animals can prefer the most dangerous resources or behaviors, even when better options are available. Traps are increasingly common and represent a significant wildlife conservation problem. Understanding of the more proximate sensory-cognitive mechanisms underpinning traps remains poor, which highlights the need for interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches to investigating traps. Key to advancing basic trap theory and its conservation applications will be the development of appropriate and tractable model systems to investigate the mechanisms that cause traps within species, and how mechanisms vary across species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.08.007","usgsCitation":"Robertson, B.A., and Chalfoun, A., 2016, Evolutionary traps as keys to understanding behavioral maladaptation: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, v. 12, p. 12-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.08.007.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-074196","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba5e4b01ccd5500baef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Bruce A.","contributorId":171947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna","contributorId":184161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178258,"text":"70178258 - 2016 - Using large-scale flow experiments to rehabilitate Colorado River ecosystem function in Grand Canyon: Basis for an adaptive climate-resilient strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T15:36:52.359768","indexId":"70178258","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"17","title":"Using large-scale flow experiments to rehabilitate Colorado River ecosystem function in Grand Canyon: Basis for an adaptive climate-resilient strategy","docAbstract":"Adaptive management of Glen Canyon Dam is improving downstream resources of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park. The Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (AMP), a federal advisory committee of 25 members with diverse special interests tasked to advise the U.S. Department of the Interior), was established in 1997 in response to the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act. Adaptive management assumes that ecosystem responses to management policies are inherently complex and unpredictable, but that understanding and management can be improved through monitoring. Best known for its high-flow experiments intended to benefit physical and biological resources by simulating one aspect of pre-dam conditions—floods, the AMP promotes collaboration among tribal, recreation, hydropower, environmental, water and other natural resource management interests. Monitoring has shown that high flow experiments move limited new tributary sand inputs below the dam from the bottom of the Colorado River to shorelines; rebuilding eroded sandbars that support camping areas and other natural and cultural resources. Spring-timed high flows have also been shown to stimulate aquatic productivity by disturbing the river bed below the dam in Glen Canyon. Understanding about how nonnative tailwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and downstream endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) respond to dam operations has also increased, but this learning has mostly posed “surprise” adaptation opportunities to managers. Since reoperation of the dam to Modified Low Fluctuating Flows in 1996, rainbow trout now benefit from more stable daily flows and high spring releases, but possibly at a risk to humpback chub and other native fishes downstream. In contrast, humpback chub have so far proven robust to all flows, and native fish have increased under the combination of warmer river temperatures associated with reduced storage in Lake Powell, and a system-wide reduction in trout from 2000-06, possibly due to several years of natural reproduction under limited food supply. Uncertainties about dam operations and ecosystem responses remain, including how native and nonnative fish will interact and respond to possible increased river temperatures under drier basin conditions. Ongoing assessment of operating policies by the AMP’s diverse stakeholders represents a major commitment to the river’s valued resources, while surprise learning opportunities can also help identify a resilient climate-change strategy for co-managing nonnative and endangered native fish, sandbar habitats and other river resources in a region with already complex and ever-increasing water demands.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water policy and planning in a variable and changing climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press - Taylor and Francis Group","usgsCitation":"Melis, T., Pine, W.E., Korman, J., Yard, M., Jain, S., and Pulwarty, R.S., 2016, Using large-scale flow experiments to rehabilitate Colorado River ecosystem function in Grand Canyon: Basis for an adaptive climate-resilient strategy, chap. 17 of Water policy and planning in a variable and changing climate, p. 315-345.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"345","ipdsId":"IP-081318","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Water-Policy-and-Planning-in-a-Variable-and-Changing-Climate/Miller-Hamlet-Kenney-Redmond/p/book/9781482227970"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.7197265625,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -112.7197265625,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -112.7197265625,\n 35.68407153314097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a576c2e4b057081a24ed53","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Miller, Kathleen","contributorId":176765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669250,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamlet, Alan F.","contributorId":15529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlet","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669251,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenney, Douglas S.","contributorId":181736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenney","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669252,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redmond, Kelly T.","contributorId":45677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669253,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":139959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pine","given":"William","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13332,"text":"Uni. of Florida Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":139960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13333,"text":"Ecometric Research Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027 myard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":2889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael D.","email":"myard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jain, Shaleen","contributorId":181735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jain","given":"Shaleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger S.","contributorId":30715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193693,"text":"70193693 - 2016 - Use of noninvasive genetics to assess nest and space use by white-tailed eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:19:58","indexId":"70193693","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of noninvasive genetics to assess nest and space use by white-tailed eagles","docAbstract":"Movement and space use are important components of animal interactions with the environment. However, for hard-to-monitor raptor species, there are substantial gaps in our understanding of these key determinants. We used noninvasive genetic tools to evaluate the details of space use over a 3-yr period by White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) at the Naurzum Zapovednik in northern Kazakhstan. We genotyped, at 10 microsatellite markers and one mitochondrial marker, 859 eagle feathers and assigned naturally shed feathers to individuals. We identified 124 White-tailed Eagles, including both members of 5–10 pairs per year, and were able to monitor birds across years. Distances between eagle nests and hunting perches were always greater than nearest neighbor distances, eagles never used the closest available hunting perch, and hunting perches were always shared with other eagles. When eagles switched nests between years, the nests they chose were almost always well outside the space that theory predicted they defended the prior year. Our data are inconsistent with classical territorial and colonial models of resource use; they more closely resemble semi-colonial behavior. It is unlikely that standard methods of animal tracking (e.g., marking and telemetry), would have provided a similarly cost-effective mechanism to gain these insights into spatial and temporal aspects of eagle behavior. When combined with existing information on space use of other local species, these data suggest that partitioning of spatial resources among White-tailed Eagles and other eagles at the Zapovednik may be facilitated by the alternative strategies of space use they employ.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-15-84.1","usgsCitation":"Bulut, Z., Bragin, E.A., DeWoody, J.A., Braham, M.A., Katzner, T., and Doyle, J.M., 2016, Use of noninvasive genetics to assess nest and space use by white-tailed eagles: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 50, no. 4, p. 351-362, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-15-84.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"362","ipdsId":"IP-069074","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.3356/JRR-15-84.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kazakhstan","otherGeospatial":"Naurzum Zapovednik","volume":"50","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a003151e4b0531197b5a74e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bulut, Zafer","contributorId":182413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulut","given":"Zafer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30222,"text":"Selcuk University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragin, Evgeny A.","contributorId":194894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bragin","given":"Evgeny","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35656,"text":"Science Department, Naurzum National Nature Reserve, Kostanay Oblast, Naurzumski Raijon, Karamendy, Kazakhstan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWoody, J. Andrew","contributorId":175103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWoody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braham, Melissa A.","contributorId":199740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braham","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34303,"text":"West Virginia University, Department of Geology & Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doyle, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":175099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178632,"text":"70178632 - 2016 - Concentrations of mineral aerosol from desert to plains across the central Rocky Mountains, western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:13:23","indexId":"70178632","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of mineral aerosol from desert to plains across the central Rocky Mountains, western United States","docAbstract":"Mineral dusts can have profound effects on climate, clouds, ecosystem processes, and human health. Because regional dust emission and deposition in western North America are not well understood, measurements of total suspended particulate (TSP) from 2011 to 2013 were made along a 500-km transect of five remote sites in Utah and Colorado, USA. The TSP concentrations in μg m−3 adjusted to a 24-h period were relatively high at the two westernmost, dryland sites at Canyonlands National Park (mean = 135) and at Mesa Verde National Park (mean = 99), as well as at the easternmost site on the Great Plains (mean = 143). The TSP concentrations at the two intervening montane sites were less, with more loading on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains (Telluride, mean = 68) closest to the desert sites compared with the site on the eastern slope (Niwot Ridge, mean = 58). Dust concentrations were commonly highest during late winter-late spring, when Pacific frontal storms are the dominant causes of regional wind. Low concentrations (<7 wt%) of organic matter indicated that rock-derived mineral particles composed most TSP. Most TSP mass was carried by particle sizes larger than 10 μm (PM>10), as revealed by relatively low average daily concentrations of fine (<5 μg m−3; PM2.5) and coarse (<10 μg m−3; PM2.5–10) fractions monitored at or near four sites. Standard air-quality measurements for PM2.5 and PM10 apparently do not capture the large majority of mineral-particulate pollution in the remote western interior U.S.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.09.001","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Munson, S.M., Fernandez, D., Goldstein, H.L., and Neff, J.C., 2016, Concentrations of mineral aerosol from desert to plains across the central Rocky Mountains, western United States: Aeolian Research, v. 23, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.09.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-067488","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.09.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dce4b04fc80e50736d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, Daniel","contributorId":80588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neff, Jason C.","contributorId":169417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25504,"text":"Univ. of Colorado, Coulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178662,"text":"70178662 - 2016 - Population demographics for the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:02:46","indexId":"70178662","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population demographics for the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel","docAbstract":"The dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon, is a federally endangered freshwater mussel species inhabiting several Atlantic Slope rivers. Studies on population demographics of this species are necessary for status assessment and directing recovery efforts. We conducted qualitative and quantitative surveys for dwarf wedgemussel in the mainstem Delaware River and in four of its tributaries (Big Flat Brook, Little Flat Brook, Neversink River, and Paulinskill River). Population range, relative abundance, size, size structure, and sex ratio were quantified within each river. Total dwarf wedgemussel population size for the surveyed rivers in the Delaware Basin was estimated to be 14,432 individuals (90% confidence limits, 7,961-26,161). Our results suggest that the historically robust Neversink River population has declined, but that this population persists and substantial populations remain in other tributaries. Sex ratios were generally female-biased, and small individuals (<10 mm) found in all rivers indicate recent recruitment. Dwarf wedgemussel was most often found at the surface of the sediment (not buried below) in shallow quadrats (<2.00 m) comprised of small substrate (sand in tributaries; cobble in the mainstem) and minimal aquatic macrophytes. Long-term monitoring, continued surveys for new populations, and assessments of reproductive success are needed to further understand dwarf wedgemussel viability within the Delaware River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/112014-JFWM-084","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H.S., Lellis, W.A., Cole, J.C., Blakeslee, C.J., and St. John White, B., 2016, Population demographics for the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 377-387, https://doi.org/10.3996/112014-JFWM-084.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-075466","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144d9e4b04fc80e507352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"St. John White, Barbara","contributorId":48084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St. John White","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178626,"text":"70178626 - 2016 - Use of structured decision-making to explicitly incorporate environmental process understanding in management of coastal restoration projects: Case study on barrier islands of the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:16:08","indexId":"70178626","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of structured decision-making to explicitly incorporate environmental process understanding in management of coastal restoration projects: Case study on barrier islands of the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Coastal ecosystem management typically relies on subjective interpretation of scientific understanding, with limited methods for explicitly incorporating process knowledge into decisions that must meet multiple, potentially competing stakeholder objectives. Conversely, the scientific community lacks methods for identifying which advancements in system understanding would have the highest value to decision-makers. A case in point is barrier island restoration, where decision-makers lack tools to objectively use system understanding to determine how to optimally use limited contingency funds when project construction in this dynamic environment does not proceed as expected. In this study, collaborative structured decision-making (SDM) was evaluated as an approach to incorporate process understanding into mid-construction decisions and to identify priority gaps in knowledge from a management perspective. The focus was a barrier island restoration project at Ship Island, Mississippi, where sand will be used to close an extensive breach that currently divides the island. SDM was used to estimate damage that may occur during construction, and guide repair decisions within the confines of limited availability of sand and funding to minimize adverse impacts to project objectives. Sand was identified as more limiting than funds, and unrepaired major breaching would negatively impact objectives. Repairing minor damage immediately was determined to be generally more cost effective (depending on the longshore extent) than risking more damage to a weakened project. Key gaps in process-understanding relative to project management were identified as the relationship of island width to breach formation; the amounts of sand lost during breaching, lowering, or narrowing of the berm; the potential for minor breaches to self-heal versus developing into a major breach; and the relationship between upstream nourishment and resiliency of the berm to storms. This application is a prototype for using structured decision-making in support of engineering projects in dynamic environments where mid-construction decisions may arise; highlights uncertainty about barrier island physical processes that limit the ability to make robust decisions; and demonstrates the potential for direct incorporation of process-based models in a formal adaptive management decision framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.078","usgsCitation":"Dalyander, P.S., Meyers, M.B., Mattsson, B., Steyer, G., Godsey, E., McDonald, J., Byrnes, M.R., and Ford, M., 2016, Use of structured decision-making to explicitly incorporate environmental process understanding in management of coastal restoration projects: Case study on barrier islands of the northern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 183, no. 3, p. 497-509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.078.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"509","ipdsId":"IP-068842","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"East Ship Island, West Ship Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.000244140625,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -89.000244140625,\n 30.267370168467806\n ],\n [\n -88.85639190673828,\n 30.267370168467806\n ],\n [\n -88.85639190673828,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -89.000244140625,\n 30.18994745521063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"183","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144dce4b04fc80e507373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872 sdalyander@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":141015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P.","email":"sdalyander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Soupy","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, Michelle B. 0000-0002-5937-1012 mmeyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-1012","contributorId":5608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"Michelle","email":"mmeyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady","contributorId":59692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steyer, Gregory 0000-0001-7231-0110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":27797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Godsey, Elizabeth","contributorId":177095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godsey","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDonald, Justin","contributorId":171407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26898,"text":"University of Auckland, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Byrnes, Mark R.","contributorId":102504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrnes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ford, Mark","contributorId":177097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179640,"text":"70179640 - 2016 - Hydrology of prairie wetlands: Understanding the integrated surface-water and groundwater processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T11:08:12","indexId":"70179640","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology of prairie wetlands: Understanding the integrated surface-water and groundwater processes","docAbstract":"Wetland managers and policy makers need to make decisions based on a sound scientific understanding of hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands. This article presents an overview of the hydrology of prairie wetlands intended for managers, policy makers, and researchers new to this field (e.g., graduate students), and a quantitative conceptual framework for understanding the hydrological functions of prairie wetlands and their responses to changes in climate and land use. The existence of prairie wetlands in the semi-arid environment of the Prairie-Pothole Region (PPR) depends on the lateral inputs of runoff water from their catchments because mean annual potential evaporation exceeds precipitation in the PPR. Therefore, it is critically important to consider wetlands and catchments as highly integrated hydrological units. The water balance of individual wetlands is strongly influenced by runoff from the catchment and the exchange of groundwater between the central pond and its moist margin. Land-use practices in the catchment have a sensitive effect on runoff and hence the water balance. Surface and subsurface storage and connectivity among individual wetlands controls the diversity of pond permanence within a wetland complex, resulting in a variety of eco-hydrological functionalities necessary for maintaining the integrity of prairie-wetland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0797-9","usgsCitation":"Hayashi, M., van der Kamp, G., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2016, Hydrology of prairie wetlands: Understanding the integrated surface-water and groundwater processes: Wetlands, v. 36, no. s2, p. 237-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0797-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"254","ipdsId":"IP-076830","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"s2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5874b0ade4b0a829a320bb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayashi, Masaki","contributorId":173855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayashi","given":"Masaki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16660,"text":"University of Calgary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Kamp, Garth","contributorId":178136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Kamp","given":"Garth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179636,"text":"70179636 - 2016 - mizuRoute version 1: A river network routing tool for a continental domain water resources applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T11:33:05","indexId":"70179636","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1818,"text":"Geoscientific Model Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"mizuRoute version 1: A river network routing tool for a continental domain water resources applications","docAbstract":"This paper describes the first version of a stand-alone runoff routing tool, mizuRoute. The mizuRoute tool post-processes runoff outputs from any distributed hydrologic model or land surface model to produce spatially distributed streamflow at various spatial scales from headwater basins to continental-wide river systems. The tool can utilize both traditional grid-based river network and vector-based river network data. Both types of river network include river segment lines and the associated drainage basin polygons, but the vector-based river network can represent finer-scale river lines than the grid-based network. Streamflow estimates at any desired location in the river network can be easily extracted from the output of mizuRoute. The routing process is simulated as two separate steps. First, hillslope routing is performed with a gamma-distribution-based unit-hydrograph to transport runoff from a hillslope to a catchment outlet. The second step is river channel routing, which is performed with one of two routing scheme options: (1) a kinematic wave tracking (KWT) routing procedure; and (2) an impulse response function – unit-hydrograph (IRF-UH) routing procedure. The mizuRoute tool also includes scripts (python, NetCDF operators) to pre-process spatial river network data. This paper demonstrates mizuRoute's capabilities to produce spatially distributed streamflow simulations based on river networks from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Geospatial Fabric (GF) data set in which over 54 000 river segments and their contributing areas are mapped across the contiguous United States (CONUS). A brief analysis of model parameter sensitivity is also provided. The mizuRoute tool can assist model-based water resources assessments including studies of the impacts of climate change on streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/gmd-9-2223-2016","usgsCitation":"Mizukami, N., Clark, M.P., Sampson, K., Nijssen, B., Mao, Y., McMillan, H., Viger, R.J., Markstrom, S.L., Hay, L.E., Woods, R., Arnold, J.R., and Brekke, L.D., 2016, mizuRoute version 1: A river network routing tool for a continental domain water resources applications: Geoscientific Model Development, v. 9, p. 2223-2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2223-2016.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2223","endPage":"2238","ipdsId":"IP-075055","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2223-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5874b0ade4b0a829a320bb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mizukami, Naoki","contributorId":178120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mizukami","given":"Naoki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":178121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sampson, Kevin","contributorId":178122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sampson","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nijssen, Bart","contributorId":178123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nijssen","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mao, Yixin","contributorId":139783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mao","given":"Yixin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMillan, Hilary","contributorId":176321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMillan","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X rviger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":168799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland","email":"rviger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":146553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Woods, Ross","contributorId":178124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woods","given":"Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Arnold, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":178125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Brekke, Levi D.","contributorId":178126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brekke","given":"Levi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70179546,"text":"70179546 - 2016 - Perspectives on bay-delta science and policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:40:23","indexId":"70179546","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on bay-delta science and policy","docAbstract":"The State of Bay–Delta Science 2008 highlighted seven emerging perspectives on science and management of the Delta. These perspectives had important effects on policy and legislation concerning management of the Delta ecosystem and water exports. From the collection of papers that make up the State of Bay–Delta Science 2016, we derive another seven perspectives that augment those published in 2008. The new perspectives address nutrient and contaminant concentrations in Delta waters, the failure of the Delta food web to support native species, the role of multiple stressors in driving species toward extinction, and the emerging importance of extreme events in driving change in the ecosystem and the water supply. The scientific advances that underpin these new perspectives were made possible by new measurement and analytic tools. We briefly discuss some of these, including miniaturized acoustic fish tags, sensors for monitoring of water quality, analytic techniques for disaggregating complex contaminant mixtures, remote sensing to assess levee vulnerability, and multidimensional hydrodynamic modeling. Despite these new tools and scientific insights, species conservation objectives for the Delta are not being met. We believe that this lack of progress stems in part from the fact that science and policy do not incorporate sufficiently long-term perspectives. Looking forward half a century was central to the Delta Visioning process, but science and policy have not embraced this conceptual breadth. We are also concerned that protection and enhancement of the unique cultural, recreational, natural resource, and agricultural values of the Delta as an evolving place, as required by the Delta Reform Act, has received no critical study and analysis. Adopting wider and longer science and policy perspectives immediately encourages recognition of the need for evaluation, analysis, and public discourse on novel conservation approaches. These longer and wider perspectives also encourage more attention to the opportunities provided by heavily invaded ecosystems. It is past time to turn scientific and policy attention to these issues.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss4art6","usgsCitation":"Healey, M., Dettinger, M.D., and Norgaard, R., 2016, Perspectives on bay-delta science and policy: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 14, no. 4, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss4art6.","productDescription":"Article 6; 25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-077666","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss4art6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1822e4b0f5ce109fcadd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healey, Michael","contributorId":146519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Healey","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norgaard, Richard","contributorId":177948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norgaard","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177078,"text":"70177078 - 2016 - Testing geomorphology-derived rupture histories against the paleoseismic record of the southern San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T10:06:29","indexId":"70177078","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Testing geomorphology-derived rupture histories against the paleoseismic record of the southern San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"Evidence for the 340-km-long Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857 is found at each of the high-resolution paleoseismic sites on the southern San Andreas Fault. Using trenching data from these sites, we find that the assemblage of dated paleoearthquakes recurs quasi-periodically (coefficient of variation, COV, of 0.6, Biasi, 2013) and requires ~80% of ruptures were shorter than the 1857 rupture with an average of Mw7.5. In contrast, paleorupture lengths reconstructed from preserved geomorphic offsets extracted from lidar are longer and have repeating displacements that are quite regular (COV=0.2; Zielke et al., 2015). Direct comparison shows that paleoruptures determined from geomorphic offset populations cannot be reconciled with dated paleoearthquakes. Our study concludes that the 1857 rupture was larger than average, average displacements must be < 5 m, and suggests that fault geometry may play a role in fault behavior.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th PATA Days, 2016","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th International INQUA Workshop on Paleoseismology, Active Tectonics and Archaeoseismology (“PATA Days”) ","conferenceDate":"May 30- June 3, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Crestone, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Crestone Science Center","usgsCitation":"Scharer, K.M., Weldon, R.J., and Bemis, S., 2016, Testing geomorphology-derived rupture histories against the paleoseismic record of the southern San Andreas fault, in Proceedings of the 7th PATA Days, 2016, Crestone, CO, May 30- June 3, 2016, p. 216-219.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"219","ipdsId":"IP-074572","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329683,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthquakegeology.com/index.php?page=publications&s=6"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e60e4b06911a29fa84e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weldon, Ray J.","contributorId":175463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weldon","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemis, Sean","contributorId":175460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bemis","given":"Sean","affiliations":[{"id":27572,"text":"UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192973,"text":"70192973 - 2016 - Evaluating early-warning indicators of critical transitions in natural aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T12:23:53","indexId":"70192973","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating early-warning indicators of critical transitions in natural aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"Ecosystems can show sudden and persistent changes in state despite only incremental changes in drivers. Such critical transitions are difficult to predict, because the state of the system often shows little change before the transition. Early-warning indicators (EWIs) are hypothesized to signal the loss of system resilience and have been shown to precede critical transitions in theoretical models, paleo-climate time series, and in laboratory as well as whole lake experiments. The generalizability of EWIs for detecting critical transitions in empirical time series of natural aquatic ecosystems remains largely untested, however. Here we assessed four commonly used EWIs on long-term datasets of five freshwater ecosystems that have experienced sudden, persistent transitions and for which the relevant ecological mechanisms and drivers are well understood. These case studies were categorized by three mechanisms that can generate critical transitions between alternative states: competition, trophic cascade, and intraguild predation. Although EWIs could be detected in most of the case studies, agreement among the four indicators was low. In some cases, EWIs were detected considerably ahead of the transition. Nonetheless, our results show that at present, EWIs do not provide reliable and consistent signals of impending critical transitions despite using some of the best routinely monitored freshwater ecosystems. Our analysis strongly suggests that a priori knowledge of the underlying mechanisms driving ecosystem transitions is necessary to identify relevant state variables for successfully monitoring EWIs.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1608242113","usgsCitation":"Gsell, A.S., Scharfenberger, U., Ozkundakci, D., Walters, A.W., Hansson, L., Janssen, A., Noges, P., Reid, P., Schindler, D., van Donk, E., Dakos, V., and Adrian, R., 2016, Evaluating early-warning indicators of critical transitions in natural aquatic ecosystems: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 50, p. 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The GTSR also traverses through and under 40 avalanche paths which\npose a hazard to National Park Service (NPS) road crews during the annual spring snow plowing\noperation. Through a joint collaboration between the NPS and the U.S. Geological Survey\n(USGS), a forecasting program primarily dealing with wet snow avalanche problems serves to\naid worker safety. The objective of this case study is to examine the meteorological metrics and\nsnowpack characteristics leading up to a noteworthy wet slab and glide avalanche cycle that occurred\n16-22 April, 2016 during a period of unseasonably warm and sunny weather. Continuous\nabove freezing temperatures at upper elevations with daily maximum values reaching 10-15° C\npersisted for four days. The nearby Flattop Mountain SNOTEL station reported a steady loss of\nSWE of approximately 1.25 cm/day. River height and discharge on the Middle Fork of the Flathead\nRiver (app. 20-35 km away from starting zones) increased from 1.26 m and 139.60 m3/s\n(4930 cfs), respectively, on April 18 to 1.69 m and 267.59 m3/s (9450 cfs) on April 22. The ensuing\navalanche cycle began with three small glide avalanches on 17 April and culminated in three\nlarge wet slab avalanches that released on wet, basal facets. These wet slabs were triggered by\nglide avalanches releasing above and cascading over cliffs. Four of these avalanches crossed\nplowed sections of the road, resulting in a three day delay in plowing operations. Finally, this\nspecific case was compared to previous statistical models for wet snow avalanches in this transportation\ncorridor. Out of 12 avalanche days, the model correctly predicted six of those days as\navalanche days. This case study allowed for a greater understanding of a wet slab and glide avalanche\ncycle that occurred during a prolonged spring warming event and can serve as a reference\nfor future similar cycles.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"October 3-7, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Breckenridge, CO","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, J., Peitzsch, E.H., and Clark, A., 2016, Case study: 2016 Natural glide and wet slab avalanche cycle, Going-to-the-Sun Road, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, in Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop, Breckenridge, CO, October 3-7, 2016, p. 66-73.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-079047","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a48ce4b04df303d9580c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Jacob","contributorId":177528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Adam 0000-0002-8863-1434 amclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-1434","contributorId":177529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Adam","email":"amclark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178940,"text":"70178940 - 2016 - Using resilience and resistance concepts to manage threats to sagebrush ecosystems, Gunnison sage-grouse, and Greater sage-grouse in their eastern range: A strategic multi-scale approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T12:13:12","indexId":"70178940","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-GTR-356","title":"Using resilience and resistance concepts to manage threats to sagebrush ecosystems, Gunnison sage-grouse, and Greater sage-grouse in their eastern range: A strategic multi-scale approach","docAbstract":"This report provides a strategic approach developed by a Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies interagency working group for conservation of sagebrush ecosystems, Greater sage-grouse, and Gunnison sage-grouse. It uses information on (1) factors that influence sagebrush ecosystem resilience to disturbance and resistance to nonnative invasive annual grasses and (2) distribution and relative abundance of sage-grouse populations to address persistent ecosystem threats, such as invasive annual grasses and wildfire, and land use and development threats, such as oil and gas development and cropland conversion, to develop effective management strategies. A sage-grouse habitat matrix links relative resilience and resistance of sagebrush ecosystems with modeled sage-grouse breeding habitat probabilities to help decisionmakers assess risks and determine appropriate management strategies at both landscape and site scales. Areas for targeted management are assessed by overlaying matrix components with Greater sage-grouse Priority Areas for Conservation and Gunnison sage-grouse critical habitat and linkages, breeding bird concentration areas, and specific habitat threats. Decision tools are discussed for determining the suitability of target areas for management and the most appropriate management actions. 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