A fundamental problem in the simulation of karst ground-water flow and solute transport is how best to represent aquifer heterogeneity as defined by the spatial distribution of porosity, permeability, and storage. Combined analyses of cyclostratigraphy, including lithofacies and depositional environments, and borehole-geophysical logs, has improved the conceptualization of porosity, permeability, and storage within the triple-porosity karstic Biscayne aquifer in an approximately 95-square-mile study area of Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida. The triple porosity of the Biscayne aquifer is principally: (1) matrix of interparticle and separate-vug porosity, providing much of the storage, and under dynamic conditions, diffuse-carbonate flow; (2) touching-vug porosity creating stratiform ground-water flow passageways; and (3) less common conduit porosity composed mainly of bedding-plane vugs, thin solution pipes, and cavernous vugs. These three conduit porosity types are all pathways for conduit ground-water flow.
To develop an accurate three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the Biscayne aquifer in the study area, a detailed analysis of data was conducted that include continuously drilled cores, digital borehole images, borehole-fluid conductivity and temperature logs, and borehole-flowmeter measurements from 25 wells that fully penetrate the Biscayne aquifer. Six depositional environments for major lithologic components of the Biscayne aquifer--the Tamiami Formation, Fort Thompson Formation, and Miami Limestone--include: (1) middle ramp, (2) platform margin-to-outer platform, (3) open-marine platform interior, (4) restricted platform interior, (5) brackish platform interior, and (6) freshwater terrestrial environments. High-frequency cycles form the fundamental building blocks of the rocks composing the Biscayne aquifer. Vertical lithofacies successions, which have stacking patterns that reoccur, fit within the high-frequency cycles. Upward-shallowing subtidal cycles, upward-shallowing paralic cycles, and aggradational subtidal cycles define three types of ideal high-frequency cycles that occur within the Fort Thompson Formation and Miami Limestone. Based on vertical cycle patterns, high-frequency cycles group into two cycle sets: an older progradational cycle set and an overlying younger aggradational cycle.
A primary observation is that a predictable vertical pattern of porosity and permeability commonly exists within the three ideal cycles because the porosity and permeability relate directly to lithofacies. Sixteen major lithofacies of the Fort Thompson Formation and Miami Limestone have been assigned to one of three pore classes (I, II, and III). Touching-vug porosity and conduit porosity characterize pore class I, which commonly comprises the lower part of upward-shallowing cycles within the Fort Thompson Formation and an upper aggradational cycle of the Miami Limestone. Matrix porosity distinguishes pore class II, which commonly occurs in the upper part of the upward-shallowing subtidal cycles and middle part of the upward-shallowing paralic cycles. Micrite-dominated, leaky, low-permeability lithologies are characteristic of pore class III, which commonly caps upward-shallowing paralic cycles and occurs throughout much of a lower aggradational cycle of the Miami Limestone. These relations among lithofacies, cyclicity, and aquifer attributes (porosity, permeability, and storage) are crucial features of the architecture of a three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the karstic Biscayne aquifer. This study shows that development of these relations is critical to producing a realistic cycle-based karstic aquifer framework for the Biscayne aquifer and for karst aquifers within other platform carbonates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055235","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., Wacker, M.A., Robinson, E., Dixon, J.F., and Wingard, G.L., 2006, A cyclostratigraphic and borehole-geophysical approach to development of a three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the karstic Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5235, Report: vi, 69 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055235.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 69 p.; Database","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5235.jpg"},{"id":7015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110631,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75769.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"75769"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 25.06569718553588\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 25.21488107113259\n ],\n [\n -80.1507568359375,\n 25.903703303407667\n ],\n [\n -80.57922363281249,\n 25.849336891707605\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 25.363882272740256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70140091,"text":"70140091 - 2006 - Impacts on water quality and biota from natural acid rock drainage in Colorado's Lake Creek watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T13:49:16","indexId":"70140091","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-16T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impacts on water quality and biota from natural acid rock drainage in Colorado's Lake Creek watershed","docAbstract":"Colorado's Lake Creek watershed hosts natural acid rock drainage that significantly impacts surface water, streambed sediment, and aquatic life. The source of the ARD is a group of iron-rich springs that emerge from intensely hydrothermally altered, unexploited, low-grade porphyry copper mineralization in the Grizzly Peak Caldera. Source water chemistry includes pH of 2.5 and dissolved metal concentrations of up to 277 mg/L aluminum, 498 mg/L iron, and 10 mg/L copper. From the hydrothermally altered area downstream for 27 kilometers to Twin Lakes Reservoir, metal concentrations in streambed sediment are elevated and the watershed experiences locally severe adverse impacts to aquatic life due to the acidic, metal-laden water. The water and sediment quality of Twin Lakes Reservoir is sufficiently improved that the reservoir supports a trout fishery, and remnants of upstream ARD are negligible.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage","conferenceDate":"March 26, 2006","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mining and Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Lexington, KY","usgsCitation":"Bird, D., Sares, M.A., Policky, G.A., Schmidt, T., and Church, S.E., 2006, Impacts on water quality and biota from natural acid rock drainage in Colorado's Lake Creek watershed, in Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, St. Louis, MO, March 26, 2006, p. 158-126.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bd1e4b08de9379b34f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, D.A.","contributorId":53989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sares, Matthew A.","contributorId":139021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sares","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Policky, Greg A.","contributorId":139022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Policky","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":75573,"text":"fs20053099 - 2006 - Age-dating ground water beneath Tinker Air Force Base, Midwest City, Oklahoma, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T16:17:26","indexId":"fs20053099","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3099","title":"Age-dating ground water beneath Tinker Air Force Base, Midwest City, Oklahoma, 2003-04","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053099","usgsCitation":"Christenson, S., Parkhurst, D., Hunt, A.G., and Athay, D., 2006, Age-dating ground water beneath Tinker Air Force Base, Midwest City, Oklahoma, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3099, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053099.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3099.jpg"},{"id":7516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma ","city":"Midwest City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.44461059570312,\n 35.38513141280172\n ],\n [\n -97.34161376953125,\n 35.38513141280172\n ],\n [\n -97.34161376953125,\n 35.48247900534352\n ],\n [\n -97.44461059570312,\n 35.48247900534352\n ],\n [\n -97.44461059570312,\n 35.38513141280172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christenson, Scott","contributorId":59128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David","contributorId":33588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Athay, Denae","contributorId":48449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athay","given":"Denae","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":75563,"text":"fs20063031 - 2006 - Assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources of northern Afghanistan, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T11:49:17.989593","indexId":"fs20063031","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3031","title":"Assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources of northern Afghanistan, 2006","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063031","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources of northern Afghanistan, 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3031, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063031.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3031.jpg"},{"id":7515,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[61.21082,35.65007],[62.23065,35.27066],[62.98466,35.40404],[63.19354,35.85717],[63.9829,36.00796],[64.54648,36.31207],[64.74611,37.11182],[65.58895,37.30522],[65.74563,37.66116],[66.21738,37.39379],[66.51861,37.36278],[67.07578,37.35614],[67.83,37.14499],[68.13556,37.02312],[68.85945,37.34434],[69.19627,37.15114],[69.51879,37.609],[70.11658,37.58822],[70.27057,37.73516],[70.3763,38.1384],[70.80682,38.48628],[71.34813,38.25891],[71.2394,37.95327],[71.54192,37.90577],[71.44869,37.06564],[71.84464,36.73817],[72.19304,36.94829],[72.63689,37.04756],[73.26006,37.49526],[73.9487,37.42157],[74.98,37.41999],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.57589,37.02084],[74.06755,36.83618],[72.92002,36.72001],[71.84629,36.50994],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.15677,34.34891],[70.8818,33.98886],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.68715,33.1055],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.31776,31.90141],[68.92668,31.62019],[68.55693,31.71331],[67.79269,31.58293],[67.68339,31.30315],[66.93889,31.30491],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.34647,29.88794],[65.04686,29.47218],[64.35042,29.56003],[64.148,29.34082],[63.55026,29.46833],[62.54986,29.31857],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.78122,30.73585],[61.69931,31.37951],[60.94194,31.54807],[60.86365,32.18292],[60.53608,32.98127],[60.9637,33.52883],[60.52843,33.67645],[60.80319,34.4041],[61.21082,35.65007]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Afghanistan\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":75493,"text":"ds150 - 2006 - Ground-water-quality data in Pennsylvania: A compilation of computerized [electronic] databases, 1979-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T17:46:30","indexId":"ds150","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"150","title":"Ground-water-quality data in Pennsylvania: A compilation of computerized [electronic] databases, 1979-2004","docAbstract":"This study, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP), provides a compilation of ground-water-quality data for a 25-year period (January 1, 1979, through August 11, 2004) based on water samples from wells. The data are from eight source agencies唯orough of Carroll Valley, Chester County Health Department, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection-Ambient and Fixed Station Network, Montgomery County Health Department, Pennsylvania Drinking Water Information System, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The ground-water-quality data from the different source agencies varied in type and number of analyses; however, the analyses are represented by 12 major analyte groups:biological (bacteria and viruses), fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, major ions, minor ions (including trace elements), nutrients (dominantly nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen), pesticides, radiochemicals (dominantly radon or radium), volatile organic compounds, wastewater compounds, and water characteristics (dominantly field pH, field specific conductance, and hardness).
A summary map shows the areal distribution of wells with ground-water-quality data statewide and by major watersheds and source agency. Maps of 35 watersheds within Pennsylvania are used to display the areal distribution of water-quality information. Additional maps emphasize the areal distribution with respect to 13 major geolithologic units in Pennsylvania and concentration ranges of nitrate (as nitrogen). Summary data tables by source agency provide information on the number of wells and samples collected for each of the 35 watersheds and analyte groups.
The number of wells sampled for ground-water-quality data varies considerably across Pennsylvania. Of the 8,012 wells sampled, the greatest concentration of wells are in the southeast (Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties), in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, and in the northwest (Erie County). The number of wells sampled is relatively sparse in south-central (Adams, Cambria, Cumberland, and Franklin Counties), central (Centre, Indiana, and Snyder Counties), and north-central (Bradford, Potter, and Tioga Counties) Pennsylvania. Little to no data are available for approximately one-third of the state. Water characteristics and nutrients were the most frequently sampled major analyte groups; approximately 21,000 samples were collected for each group. Major and minor ions were the next most-frequently sampled major analyte groups; approximately 17,000 and 12,000 samples were collected, respectively. For the remaining eight major analyte groups, the number of samples collected ranged from a low of 307 samples (wastewater compounds) to a high of approximately 3,000 samples (biological).
The number of samples that exceeded a maximum contaminant level (MCL) or secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) by major analyte group also varied. Of the 2,988 samples in the biological analyte group, 53 percent had water that exceeded an MCL. Almost 2,500 samples were collected and analyzed for volatile organic compounds; 14 percent exceeded an MCL. Other major analyte groups that frequently exceeded MCLs or SMCLs included major ions (17,465 samples and a 33.9 percent exceedence), minor ions (11,905 samples and a 17.1 percent exceedence), and water characteristics (21,183 samples and a 20.3 percent exceedence). Samples collected and analyzed for fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides (4,062 samples), radiochemicals (1,628 samples), wastewater compounds (307 samples), and nutrients (20,822 samples) had the lowest exceedences of 0.3, 8.4, 0.0, and 8.8 percent, respectively.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1284","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., 2006, State of the watershed: Water quality of Boulder Creek, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1284, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1284.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415193,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75715.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 40.1083\n ],\n [\n -105.6742,\n 40.1083\n ],\n [\n -105.6742,\n 39.855\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 39.855\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 40.1083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":75463,"text":"fs20063009 - 2006 - Sustainability of the Ground-Water Resources in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T13:09:17.71274","indexId":"fs20063009","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3009","title":"Sustainability of the Ground-Water Resources in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20063009","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, R.J., and Bolton, D.W., 2006, Sustainability of the Ground-Water Resources in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3009, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063009.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3009.jpg"},{"id":8954,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolton, David W.","contributorId":49874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":75393,"text":"sir20065051 - 2006 - Wetland delineation with IKONOS high-resolution satellite imagery, Fort Custer Training Center, Battle Creek, Michigan, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T19:15:41","indexId":"sir20065051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5051","title":"Wetland delineation with IKONOS high-resolution satellite imagery, Fort Custer Training Center, Battle Creek, Michigan, 2005","docAbstract":"The Michigan Army National Guard’s Fort Custer Training Center (FCTC) in Battle Creek, Mich., has the responsibility to protect wetland resources on the training grounds while providing training opportunities, and for future development planning at the facility. The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data have been the primary wetland-boundary resource, but a check on scale and accuracy of the wetland boundary information for the Fort Custer Training Center was needed. In cooperation with the FCTC, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used an early spring IKONOS pan-sharpened satellite image to delineate the wetlands and create a more accurate wetland map for the FCTC. The USGS tested automated approaches (supervised and unsupervised classifications) to identify the wetland areas from the IKONOS satellite image, but the automated approaches alone did not yield accurate results. To ensure accurate wetland boundaries, the final wetland map was manually digitized on the basis of the automated supervised and unsupervised classifications, in combination with NWI data, field verifications, and visual interpretation of the IKONOS satellite image. The final wetland areas digitized from the IKONOS satellite imagery were similar to those in NWI; however, the wetland boundaries differed in some areas, a few wetlands mapped on the NWI were determined not to be wetlands from the IKONOS image and field verification, and additional previously unmapped wetlands not recognized by the NWI were identified from the IKONOS image.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065051","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Army National Guard’s Fort Custer Training Center, Battle Creek, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., Morgan, T., and Aichele, S., 2006, Wetland delineation with IKONOS high-resolution satellite imagery, Fort Custer Training Center, Battle Creek, Michigan, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5051, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065051.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065051.JPG"},{"id":7005,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Battle Creek","otherGeospatial":"Fort Custer Training Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.38110733032227,\n 42.28188103446502\n ],\n [\n -85.35106658935547,\n 42.28251604436822\n ],\n [\n -85.34059524536133,\n 42.281500025451145\n ],\n [\n -85.31896591186523,\n 42.27654669861049\n ],\n [\n -85.29338836669922,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -85.28549194335938,\n 42.28365904606614\n ],\n [\n -85.27999877929686,\n 42.2884848246275\n ],\n [\n -85.27948379516602,\n 42.294960946434664\n ],\n [\n -85.28034210205077,\n 42.30295994228175\n ],\n [\n -85.29424667358398,\n 42.30283298203012\n ],\n [\n -85.29407501220703,\n 42.31679707488094\n ],\n [\n -85.28429031372069,\n 42.31679707488094\n ],\n [\n -85.28514862060547,\n 42.326316271104325\n ],\n [\n -85.29253005981445,\n 42.32733156703218\n ],\n [\n -85.30128479003906,\n 42.3280930282246\n ],\n [\n -85.30506134033203,\n 42.330377356498\n ],\n [\n -85.3091812133789,\n 42.33266160181509\n ],\n [\n -85.3091812133789,\n 42.33545334454514\n ],\n [\n -85.32840728759766,\n 42.33380369336488\n ],\n [\n -85.32909393310547,\n 42.328473755364335\n ],\n [\n -85.33132553100586,\n 42.32504712815144\n ],\n [\n -85.33149719238281,\n 42.32073185059923\n ],\n [\n -85.33527374267578,\n 42.31755866357688\n ],\n [\n -85.33201217651367,\n 42.314131441861775\n ],\n [\n -85.33149719238281,\n 42.30753034083487\n ],\n [\n -85.34111022949219,\n 42.30867288862955\n ],\n [\n -85.34299850463867,\n 42.30854593989868\n ],\n [\n -85.34969329833984,\n 42.30295994228175\n ],\n [\n -85.35449981689453,\n 42.30283298203012\n ],\n [\n -85.37664413452148,\n 42.297754362032734\n ],\n [\n -85.38076400756836,\n 42.298135272741206\n ],\n [\n -85.38110733032227,\n 42.28188103446502\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, T.R.","contributorId":104152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31362,"text":"ofr00444 - 2000 - Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database","indexId":"ofr00444","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary maps of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility, nine-county San Francisco Bay region, California: a digital database"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":75273,"text":"ofr20061037 - 2006 - Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","indexId":"ofr20061037","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T17:05:14","indexId":"ofr20061037","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1037","title":"Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California","docAbstract":"This report presents a map and database of Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility for the urban core of the San Francisco Bay region. It supercedes the equivalent area of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-444 (Knudsen and others, 2000), which covers the larger 9-county San Francisco Bay region. The report consists of (1) a spatial database, (2) two small-scale colored maps (Quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility), (3) a text describing the Quaternary map and liquefaction interpretation (part 3), and (4) a text introducing the report and describing the database (part 1). All parts of the report are digital; part 1 describes the database and digital files and how to obtain them by downloading across the internet. The nine counties surrounding San Francisco Bay straddle the San Andreas fault system, which exposes the region to serious earthquake hazard (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 1999). Much of the land adjacent to the Bay and the major rivers and streams is underlain by unconsolidated deposits that are particularly vulnerable to earthquake shaking and liquefaction of water-saturated granular sediment. This new map provides a consistent detailed treatment of the central part of the 9-county region in which much of the mapping of Open-File Report 00-444 was either at smaller (less detailed) scale or represented only preliminary revision of earlier work. Like Open-File Report 00-444, the current mapping uses geomorphic expression, pedogenic soils, inferred depositional environments, and geologic age to define and distinguish the map units. Further scrutiny of the factors controlling liquefaction susceptibility has led to some changes relative to Open-File Report 00-444: particularly the reclassification of San Francisco Bay mud (Qhbm) to have only MODERATE susceptibility and the rating of artificial fills according to the Quaternary map units inferred to underlie them (other than dams - adf). The two colored maps provide a regional summary of the new mapping at a scale of 1:200,000, a scale that is sufficient to show the general distribution and relationships of the map units but not to distinguish the more detailed elements that are present in the database. The report is the product of cooperative work by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, William Lettis and & Associates, Inc. (WLA), and the California Geological Survey. An earlier version was submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey by WLA as a final report for a NEHRP grant (Witter and others, 2005). The mapping has been carried out by WLA geologists under contract to the NEHRP Earthquake Program (Grant 99-HQ-GR-0095) and by the California Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., Knudsen, K.L., Sowers, J.M., Wentworth, C.M., Koehler, R., Randolph, C.E., Brooks, S.K., and Gans, K.D., 2006, Maps of quaternary deposits and liquefaction susceptibility in the Central San Francisco Bay Region, California (Version 1.1 Revised May 2006, Supersedes Area of OFR 00-444): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1037, Report: 12 p.; Maps; Data files; GIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061037.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; Maps; Data files; GIS files","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110620,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75358.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"75358"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,37.1175 ], [ -123,38.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,37.1175 ], [ -123,37.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1 Revised May 2006, Supersedes Area of OFR 00-444","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knudsen, Keith L. 0000-0003-2826-5812 kknudsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-5812","contributorId":3758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Keith","email":"kknudsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sowers, Janet M.","contributorId":51318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koehler, Richard D.","contributorId":76993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Randolph, Carolyn E.","contributorId":33581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Suzanna K.","contributorId":77183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Suzanna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gans, Kathleen D. 0000-0002-7545-9655 kgans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7545-9655","contributorId":5403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gans","given":"Kathleen","email":"kgans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":75283,"text":"ofr20061042 - 2006 - Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"ofr20061042","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1042","title":"Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report contains 10 interpretive cross sections and an integrated text describing the geology of parts of the Colorado, White River, and Death Valley regional ground-water flow systems, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. The primary purpose of the report is to provide geologic framework data for input into a numerical ground-water model. Therefore, the stratigraphic and structural summaries are written in a hydrogeologic context.\r\n\r\nThe oldest rocks (basement) are Early Proterozoic metamorphic and intrusive crystalline rocks that are considered confining units because of their low permeability. Late Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian clastic units overlie the crystalline rocks and are also considered confining units within the regional flow systems. Above the clastic units are Middle Cambrian to Lower Permian carbonate rocks that are the primary aquifers in the flow systems. The Middle Cambrian to Lower Permian carbonate rocks are overlain by a sequence of mainly clastic rocks of late Paleozoic to Mesozoic age that are mostly considered confining units, but they may be permeable where faulted.\r\n\r\nTertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks are exposed in the northern and southern parts of the study area. In the Clover and Delamar Mountains, these rocks are highly deformed by north- and northwest-striking normal and strike-slip faults that are probably important conduits in transmitting ground water from the basins in the northern Colorado and White River flow systems to basins in the southern part of the flow systems.\r\n\r\nThe youngest rocks in the region are Tertiary to Quaternary basin-fill deposits. These rocks consist of middle to late Tertiary sediments consisting of limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, tuff, and gypsum, and younger Quaternary surficial units consisting of alluvium, colluvium, playa deposits, and eolian deposits. Basin-fill deposits are both aquifers and aquitards.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061042","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2006, Gravity and magnetic data in the vicinity of Virgin Valley, southern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1042, iii, 15 p.: ill.; maps; data files, GIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061042.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.: ill.; maps; data files, GIS files","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a26c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":75073,"text":"sir20065033 - 2006 - Hydraulic and geomorphic monitoring of experimental bridge scour mitigation at selected bridges in Utah, 2003-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T10:19:08","indexId":"sir20065033","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5033","title":"Hydraulic and geomorphic monitoring of experimental bridge scour mitigation at selected bridges in Utah, 2003-05","docAbstract":"Unique bridge scour mitigation designs using concrete A-Jacks were developed by the Utah Department of Transportation and installed at the Colorado River Bridge at State Road 191 and the Green River Bridge at State Road 19. The U.S. Geological Survey monitored stream reaches at these sites by collecting streambed-topography and water-velocity data from 2003 through 2005. These data were acquired annually from a moving boat with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and a differential global positioning system. Raw unordered data were processed and readied for interpolation into organized datasets with DopplerMacros, a set of computer programs. Processed streambed topography data were geostatistically interpolated by using Ordinary Kriging, and inverse distance weighting interpolation was used in the development of the two-dimensional velocity datasets. These organized datasets of topography and velocity were developed for each survey of the two bridge sites. A comparison of the riverbed topography data for each survey was done. An increase in bed elevation related to the installation of the A-Jacks scour countermeasures is evident at the Colorado River Bridge at State Road 191. 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U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/
In the decade following documented volcanic activity on the East Pacific Rise near 9°50′N, we monitored hydrothermal vent fluid temperature variations in conjunction with approximately yearly vent fluid sampling to better understand the processes and physical conditions that govern the evolution of seafloor hydrothermal systems. The temperature of both diffuse flow (low-temperature) and focused flow (high-temperature) vent fluids decreased significantly within several years of eruptions in 1991 and 1992. After mid-1994, focused flow vents generally exhibited periods of relatively stable, slowly varying temperatures, with occasional high- and low-temperature excursions lasting days to weeks. One such positive temperature excursion was associated with a crustal cracking event. Another with both positive and negative excursions demonstrated a subsurface connection between adjacent focused flow and diffuse flow vents. Diffuse flow vents exhibit much greater temperature variability than adjacent higher-temperature vents. On timescales of a week or less, temperatures at a given position within a diffuse flow field often varied by 5°–10°C, synchronous with near-bottom currents dominated by tidal and inertial forcing. On timescales of a week and longer, diffuse flow temperatures varied slowly and incoherently among different vent fields. At diffuse flow vent sites, the conceptual model of a thermal boundary layer immediately above the seafloor explains many of the temporal and spatial temperature variations observed within a single vent field. The thermal boundary layer is a lens of warm water injected from beneath the seafloor that is mixed and distended by lateral near-bottom currents. The volume of the boundary layer is delineated by the position of mature communities of sessile (e.g., tubeworms) and relatively slow-moving organisms (e.g., mussels). Vertical flow rates of hydrothermal fluids exiting the seafloor at diffuse vents are less than lateral flow rates of near-bottom currents (5–10 cm/s). The presence of a subsurface, shallow reservoir of warm hydrothermal fluids can explain differing temperature behaviors of adjacent diffuse flow and focused flow vents at 9°50′N. Different average temperatures and daily temperature ranges are explained by variable amounts of mixing of hydrothermal fluids with ambient seawater through subsurface conduits that have varying lateral permeability.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The quality of our Nation’s waters – Pesticides in the Nation’s steams and ground water, 1992-2001","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Boxall, A., Sinclair, C., and Koplin, D.W., 2006, Potential risks of pesticide degradates to aquatic life, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"81","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70162939.JPG"},{"id":315225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/1291/pdf/circ1291.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b6de4b0403299f53a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boxall, Alistair","contributorId":152697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boxall","given":"Alistair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinclair, C.","contributorId":98476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koplin, Dana W.","contributorId":82174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koplin","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224655,"text":"5224655 - 2006 - Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T15:40:33.925376","indexId":"5224655","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-01T12:18:30","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio)","title":"Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio)","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the potential effects of different concentrations of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluent (B/UKME) on several reproductive endpoints in adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The kraft mill studied produces a 50/50 mix of bleached/unbleached market pulp with an estimated release of 36 million gal of effluent/day. Bleaching sequences were C90d10EopHDp and CEHD for softwood (pines) and hardwoods (mainly tupelo, gums, magnolia, and water oaks), respectively. Bass were exposed to different effluent concentrations (0 [controls, exposed to well water], 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for either 28 or 56 days. At the end of each exposure period, fish were euthanized, gonads collected for histological evaluation and determination of gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma was analyzed for 17β-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and vitellogenin (VTG). Largemouth bass exposed to B/UKME responded with changes at the biochemical level (decline in sex steroids in both sexes and VTG in females) that were usually translated into tissue/organ-level responses (declines in GSI in both sexes and in ovarian development in females). Although most of these responses occurred after exposing fish to 40% B/UKME concentrations or greater, some were observed after exposures to 20% B/UKME. These threshold concentrations fall within the 60% average yearly concentration of effluent that exists in the stream near the point of discharge (Rice Creek), but are above the <10% effluent concentration present in the St. Johns River. The chemical(s) responsible for such changes as well as their mode(s) of action remain unknown at this time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1007/s002440010274","usgsCitation":"Nemeth, N.M., Hahn, D., Gould, D.H., and Bowen, R.A., 2006, Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio): Avian Diseases, v. 50, no. 2, p. 252-258, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010274.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.16125488281249,\n 28.270520445825415\n ],\n [\n -80.738525390625,\n 28.270520445825415\n ],\n [\n -80.738525390625,\n 30.5764500266181\n ],\n [\n -82.16125488281249,\n 30.5764500266181\n ],\n [\n -82.16125488281249,\n 28.270520445825415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemeth, Nicole M","contributorId":270049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nemeth","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":342253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, D. Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":26055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D. Caldwell","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, D. H.","contributorId":24471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242730,"text":"70242730 - 2006 - Closure to “One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models” by Jack A. Puleo, Oleg Mouraenko, and Daniel M. Hanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T14:25:04.4966","indexId":"70242730","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-01T09:21:40","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8957,"text":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Closure to “One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models” by Jack A. Puleo, Oleg Mouraenko, and Daniel M. Hanes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Puleo, J., Mouraenko, O., and Hanes, D.M., 2006, Closure to “One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models” by Jack A. Puleo, Oleg Mouraenko, and Daniel M. Hanes: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, v. 132, no. 2, p. 141-142.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puleo, Jack A.","contributorId":108287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puleo","given":"Jack A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mouraenko, O.","contributorId":37510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouraenko","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184343,"text":"70184343 - 2006 - The influence of hydrous Mn–Zn oxides on diel cycling of Zn in an alkaline stream draining abandoned mine lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:48:41","indexId":"70184343","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of hydrous Mn–Zn oxides on diel cycling of Zn in an alkaline stream draining abandoned mine lands","docAbstract":"Many mining-impacted streams in western Montana with pH near or above neutrality display large (up to 500%) diel cycles in dissolved Zn concentrations. The streams in question typically contain boulders coated with a thin biofilm, as well as black mineral crusts composed of hydrous Mn–Zn oxides. Laboratory mesocosm experiments simulating diel behavior in High Ore Creek (one of the Montana streams with particularly high Zn concentrations) show that the Zn cycles are not caused by 24-h changes in streamflow or hyporheic exchange, but rather to reversible in-stream processes that are driven by the solar cycle and its attendant influence on pH and water temperature (T). Laboratory experiments using natural Mn–Zn precipitates from the creek show that the mobilities of Zn and Mn increase nearly an order of magnitude for each unit decrease in pH, and decrease 2.4-fold for an increase in T from 5 to 20 °C. The response of dissolved metal concentration to small changes in either pH or T was rapid and reversible, and dissolved Zn concentrations were roughly an order of magnitude higher than Mn. These observations are best explained by sorption of Zn2+ and Mn2+ onto the secondary Mn–Zn oxide surfaces. From the T-dependence of residual metal concentrations in solution, approximate adsorption enthalpies of +50 kJ/mol (Zn) and +46 kJ/mol (Mn) were obtained, which are within the range of enthalpy values reported in the literature for sorption of divalent metal cations onto hydrous metal oxides. Using the derived pH- and T-dependencies from the experiments, good agreement is shown between predicted and observed diel Zn cycles for several historical data sets collected from High Ore Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.11.004","usgsCitation":"Shope, C.L., Xie, Y., and Gammons, C.H., 2006, The influence of hydrous Mn–Zn oxides on diel cycling of Zn in an alkaline stream draining abandoned mine lands: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 3, p. 476-491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.11.004.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"476","endPage":"491","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4fee4b014cc3a3ba530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shope, Christopher L. cshope@usgs.gov","contributorId":5016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"Christopher","email":"cshope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xie, Ying","contributorId":187619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xie","given":"Ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gammons, Christopher H.","contributorId":7822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammons","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179556,"text":"70179556 - 2006 - White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam, Annual Progress Report April 2004 - March 2005. Report C ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:26:32","indexId":"70179556","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam, Annual Progress Report April 2004 - March 2005. Report C ","docAbstract":"River discharge and water temperatures that occurred during April through July 2004 provided conditions suitable for spawning by white sturgeon downstream from Bonneville, The Dalles, John Day, and McNary dams. Optimal spawning temperatures in the four tailraces occurred for 3-4 weeks and coincided with the peak of the river hydrograph. However, the peak of the hydrograph was relatively low compared to past years, which is reflected in the relatively low monthly and annual indices of suitable spawning habitat. Bottom-trawl sampling in the Bonneville Reservoir revealed the presence of young-of-theyear (YOY) white sturgeon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., and Kofoot, P., 2006, White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam, Annual Progress Report April 2004 - March 2005. Report C , 15 p. .","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"73","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1836e4b0f5ce109fcb39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kofoot, P.","contributorId":177790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kofoot","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":74533,"text":"sir20055269 - 2006 - Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States and implications for ground-water management and assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055269","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5269","title":"Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States and implications for ground-water management and assessments","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055269","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., and Moran, M.J., 2006, Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States and implications for ground-water management and assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5269, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055269.","productDescription":"40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, Paul J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Michael J. mjmoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":1047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"mjmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":74523,"text":"sir20055268 - 2006 - Occurrence and implications of selected chlorinated solvents in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 northeast and mid-Atlantic states, 1993-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055268","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5268","title":"Occurrence and implications of selected chlorinated solvents in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 northeast and mid-Atlantic states, 1993-2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055268","usgsCitation":"Moran, M.J., 2006, Occurrence and implications of selected chlorinated solvents in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 northeast and mid-Atlantic states, 1993-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5268, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055268.","productDescription":"70 p.","numberOfPages":"70","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7576,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Michael J. mjmoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":1047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"mjmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":74543,"text":"sir20065041 - 2006 - Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20065041","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5041","title":"Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system","docAbstract":"Recharge is a vital component of the ground-water budget and methods for estimating it range from extremely complex to relatively simple. The most commonly used techniques, however, are limited by the scale of application. One method that can be used to estimate ground-water recharge includes process-based models that compute distributed water budgets on a watershed scale. These models should be evaluated to determine which model parameters are the dominant controls in determining ground-water recharge. \r\n\r\nSeven existing watershed models from different humid regions of the United States were chosen to analyze the sensitivity of simulated recharge to model parameters. Parameter sensitivities were determined using a nonlinear regression computer program to generate a suite of diagnostic statistics. The statistics identify model parameters that have the greatest effect on simulated ground-water recharge and that compare and contrast the hydrologic system responses to those parameters.\r\n\r\nSimulated recharge in the Lost River and Big Creek watersheds in Washington State was sensitive to small changes in air temperature. The Hamden watershed model in west-central Minnesota was developed to investigate the relations that wetlands and other landscape features have with runoff processes. Excess soil moisture in the Hamden watershed simulation was preferentially routed to wetlands, instead of to the ground-water system, resulting in little sensitivity of any parameters to recharge. Simulated recharge in the North Fork Pheasant Branch watershed, Wisconsin, demonstrated the greatest sensitivity to parameters related to evapotranspiration. Three watersheds were simulated as part of the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX). Parameter sensitivities for the MOPEX watersheds, Amite River, Louisiana and Mississippi, English River, Iowa, and South Branch Potomac River, West Virginia, were similar and most sensitive to small changes in air temperature and a user-defined flow routing parameter. \r\n\r\nAlthough the primary objective of this study was to identify, by geographic region, the importance of the parameter value to the simulation of ground-water recharge, the secondary objectives proved valuable for future modeling efforts. The value of a rigorous sensitivity analysis can (1) make the calibration process more efficient, (2) guide additional data collection, (3) identify model limitations, and (4) explain simulated results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065041","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., 2006, Analysis of sensitivity of simulated recharge to selected parameters for seven watersheds modeled using the precipitation-runoff modeling system (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5041, vi, 21 p.: ill.; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065041.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.: ill.; maps","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68016b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}