Earthquakes are one of the most costly natural hazards faced by the Nation, posing a significant risk to 75 million Americans in 39 States. The risks that earthquakes pose to society, including death, injury, and economic loss, can be greatly reduced by (1) better planning, construction, and mitigation practices before earthquakes happen, and (2) providing critical and timely information to improve response after they occur. As part of the multi-agency National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has the lead Federal responsibility to provide notification of earthquakes in order to enhance public safety and to reduce losses through effective forecasts based on the best possible scientific information.
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remarkable flooding brought by Hurricane Katrina, which caused more than \\$ 200 billion in losses, constituted the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. 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Waste-management practices during operation and decommissioning of the former Depot resulted in soil and ground-water contamination. Ground-water models have been used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide information on the fate and transport of contaminants on the former Depot site. During September 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District, conducted a pilot study to collect two-dimensional direct-current resistivity data on the site along six profiles near existing monitoring wells. The inversion results of field data from five of the six two-dimensional direct-current resistivity profiles display distinct electrical stratigraphy consistent with three resistivity units (low resistivity, high resistivity, and low resistivity). These three resistivity units correlate with rock-stratigraphic or hydrogeologic units described prior to this study. To interpret the resistivity profiles, additional data extending through the lower confining unit into the underlying Niobrara Formation could be used with the existing data to construct forward models for data analysis and interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds172","usgsCitation":"Kress, W.H., Ball, L.B., Teeple, A., and Turco, M.J., 2006, Two-dimensional direct-current resistivity survey to supplement borehole data in ground-water models of the former Blaine Naval Ammunition Depot, Hastings, Nebraska, September 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 172, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds172.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds172.PNG"},{"id":7512,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Adams County, Clay County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.1,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -98.1,\n 40.4\n ],\n [\n -98.36,\n 40.52\n ],\n [\n -98.36,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -98.1,\n 40.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62393c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turco, Michael J. mjturco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"Michael","email":"mjturco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":73883,"text":"fs20063023 - 2006 - Tsunami hazards— A national threat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-15T19:36:07.602371","indexId":"fs20063023","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3023","title":"Tsunami hazards— A national threat","docAbstract":"In December 2004, when a tsunami killed more than 200,000 people in 11 countries around the Indian Ocean, the United States was reminded of its own tsunami risks.\r\n\r\nIn fact, devastating tsunamis have struck North America before and are sure to strike again. Especially vulnerable are the five Pacific States--Hawaii, Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California--and the U.S. Caribbean islands.\r\n\r\nIn the wake of the Indian Ocean disaster, the United States is redoubling its efforts to assess the Nation's tsunami hazards, provide tsunami education, and improve its system for tsunami warning.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is helping to meet these needs, in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and with coastal States and counties.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20063023","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Tsunami hazards— A national threat: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3023, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063023.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3023.jpg"},{"id":7961,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/hazards.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76683.htm"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.3095703125,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 49.23912083246698\n ],\n [\n -127.3095703125,\n 49.23912083246698\n ],\n [\n -127.3095703125,\n 32.39851580247402\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.87011718749997,\n 50.819818262156545\n ],\n [\n -129.638671875,\n 50.819818262156545\n ],\n [\n -129.638671875,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -171.87011718749997,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -171.87011718749997,\n 50.819818262156545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62434c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73593,"text":"ofr20061006 - 2006 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, May 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20061006","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1006","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, May 2005","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThis map depicts the potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 2005. Potentiometric contours are based on water level measurements collected at 598 \r\nwens during the period May 5 - 31, near the end of the dry season. Some contours are inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate upper Floridan \r\naquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground water withdrawals. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward \r\nleakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kinnaman, S.L., 2006, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, May 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1006, 1 Sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061006.","productDescription":"1 Sheet","temporalStart":"2005-05-01","temporalEnd":"2005-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7425,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.5,26 ], [ -83.5,31.5 ], [ -80,31.5 ], [ -80,26 ], [ -83.5,26 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db68329d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnaman, Sandra L. 0000-0003-0271-6187 kinnaman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6187","contributorId":1757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnaman","given":"Sandra","email":"kinnaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73363,"text":"sir20055287 - 2006 - Development and application of a regression equation for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water beneath agricultural areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20055287","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5287","title":"Development and application of a regression equation for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water beneath agricultural areas of the United States","docAbstract":"Results from 52 ground-water studies throughout the United States were used to examine relations between the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water in agricultural settings and explanatory variables that describe the natural setting, agricultural-management practices, and the type and amount of development in each area. The explanatory variables that were found to be correlated with atrazine occurrence were soil-infiltration rates, presence of artificial drainage (tile drains or trenches), available water-holding capacity of soils, soil permeability, amount of study area using ground water for irrigation source (as percentage of total area), amount of agricultural land (as percentage of total area), and intensity of atrazine use. Ordinary least-squares regression equations that used one or more of these explanatory variables describe as much as 58 percent of the variation in atrazine-detection frequencies. Application of a multivariate equation to unmonitored agricultural areas across the conterminous United States illustrates that atrazine use alone is insufficient for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water. Instead, areas in which soil characteristics and agricultural-management practices favor the movement of water from land surface to the water table and that also have intensive atrazine use are the most vulnerable to atrazine contamination.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055287","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Gilliom, R.J., Wolock, D.M., and Hitt, K.J., 2006, Development and application of a regression equation for estimating the occurrence of atrazine in shallow ground water beneath agricultural areas of the United States (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5287, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055287.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie J.","contributorId":54565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":73423,"text":"ds156 - 2006 - Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"ds156","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"156","title":"Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds156","usgsCitation":"White, J.S., and Mathes, M.V., 2006, Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water in West Virginia, 1997-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 156, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds156.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-1501-1074 jswhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1074","contributorId":3905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jswhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, Melvin V.","contributorId":77571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73443,"text":"ds169 - 2006 - Chemical and isotopic database of water and gas from hydrothermal systems with an emphasis for the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:22:29","indexId":"ds169","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"169","title":"Chemical and isotopic database of water and gas from hydrothermal systems with an emphasis for the western United States","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotope data accumulated by two USGS Projects (led by I. Barnes and R. Mariner) over a time period of about 40 years can now be found using a basic web search or through an image search (left). The data are primarily chemical and isotopic analyses of waters (thermal, mineral, or fresh) and associated gas (free and/or dissolved) collected from hot springs, mineral springs, cold springs, geothermal wells, fumaroles, and gas seeps. Additional information is available about the collection methods and analysis procedures.
The chemical and isotope data are stored in a MySQL database and accessed using PHP from a basic search form below. Data can also be accessed using an Open Source GIS called WorldKit by clicking on the image to the left. Additional information is available about WorldKit including the files used to set up the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds169","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Venezky, D., and Hurwitz, S., 2006, Chemical and isotopic database of water and gas from hydrothermal systems with an emphasis for the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 169, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds169.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7502,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Venezky, D.Y.","contributorId":64331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venezky","given":"D.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73413,"text":"sir20065005 - 2006 - Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20065005","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5005","title":"Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides in agricultural irrigation-return flow from four drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 2002-04, and comparison with historical data","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples were collected from sites in four irrigation return-flow drainage basins in the Columbia Basin Project from July 2002 through October 2004. Ten samples were collected throughout the irrigation season (generally April through October) and two samples were collected during the non-irrigation season. Samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and a suite of 107 pesticides and pesticide metabolites (pesticide transformation products) and to document the occurrence, distribution, and pesticides transport and pesticide metabolites.\r\n\r\nThe four drainage basins vary in size from 19 to 710 square miles. Percentage of agricultural cropland ranges from about 35 percent in Crab Creek drainage basin to a maximum of 75 percent in Lind Coulee drainage basin. More than 95 percent of cropland in Red Rock Coulee, Crab Creek, and Sand Hollow drainage basins is irrigated, whereas only 30 percent of cropland in Lind Coulee is irrigated. \r\n\r\nForty-two pesticides and five metabolites were detected in samples from the four irrigation return-flow drainage basins. The most compounds detected were in samples from Sand Hollow with 37, followed by Lind Coulee with 33, Red Rock Coulee with 30, and Crab Creek with 28. Herbicides were the most frequently detected pesticides, followed by insecticides, metabolites, and fungicides. Atrazine, bentazon, diuron, and 2,4-D were the most frequently detected herbicides and chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl were the most frequently detected insecticides. \r\n\r\nA statistical comparison of pesticide concentrations in surface-water samples collected in the mid-1990s at Crab Creek and Sand Hollow with those collected in this study showed a statistically significant increase in concentrations for diuron and a statistically significant decrease for ethoprophos and atrazine in Crab Creek. Statistically significant increases were in concentrations of bromacil, diuron, and pendimethalin at Sand Hollow and statistically significant decreases were in concentrations of 2,6-diethylanaline, alachlor, atrazine, DCPA, and EPTC. A seasonal Kendall trend test on data from Lind Coulee indicated no statistically significant trends for any pesticide for 1994 through 2004. \r\n\r\nA comparison of pesticide concentrations detected in this study with those detected in previous U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment studies of the Central Columbia Plateau, Yakima River basin, and national agricultural studies indicated that concentrations in this study generally were in the middle to lower end of the concentration spectrum for the most frequently detected herbicides and insecticides, but that the overall rate of detection was near the high end.\r\n\r\nThirty-one of the 42 herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides detected in surface-water samples were applied to the major agricultural crops in the drainage basins, and 11 of the detected pesticides are sold for residential application. Eight of the pesticides detected in surface-water samples were not reported as having any agricultural or residential use. The overall pattern of pesticide use depends on which crops are grown in each drainage basin. Drainage basins with predominantly more orchards have higher amounts of insecticides applied, whereas basins with larger percentages of field crops tend to have more herbicides applied. Pesticide usage was most similar in Crab Creek and Sand Hollow, where the largest total amounts applied were the insecticides azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, and chlorpyrifos and the herbicide EPTC. In Red Rock Coulee basin, DCPA was the most heavily applied herbicide, followed by the fungicide chlorothalonil, the herbicide EPTC, and the insecticides chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl. In Lind Coulee, which has a large percentage of dryland agricultural area, the herbicides 2,4-D and EPTC were applied in the largest amount, followed by the fungicide chlorothalonil. 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When a compound has been qualitatively identified in an environmental sample (whether above or below its reporting level [RL]), it is assessed in context with associated field and laboratory blanks, field and laboratory replicates, and other data, such as appropriate laboratory reagent spikes. An environmental concentration is calculated only after determining that field and laboratory procedures did not contaminate the samples. The concentrations are then calculated from 5- to 8-point calibration curves using internal standard quantitation. Our lowest calibration standard is intentionally much lower than the RL, typically 10 times lower. The most abundant molecular or fragment ion is used for quantitation, and, for the two LC/MS methods, at least one, and where possible two, qualifier ions are used for confirmation. For the GC/MS method, with its greater degree of fragmentation, one quantitation and two qualifier ions are used. When any of the abovementioned qualitative identification criteria are not met, the analyte is considered not present and is reported as “less than” the RL.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.012","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S.D., Henderson, A.K., and Reissman, D.B., 2006, Response to comment on “Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-water-treatment plant”: Science of the Total Environment, v. 354, no. 1, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.012.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"354","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263de4b014cc3a3d34ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henderson, Alden K.","contributorId":187696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reissman, Dori B.","contributorId":187697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reissman","given":"Dori","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207772,"text":"70207772 - 2006 - Changes in the C storage in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (PNTD) in the last 1000 years [Cambios en el almacenamiento de C en el Parque Nacional de Las Tablas de Daimiel (PNTD) en los últimos 1000 años]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T17:11:48.630654","indexId":"70207772","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-09T15:55:45","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1065,"text":"Boletin Geologico y Minero","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the C storage in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (PNTD) in the last 1000 years [Cambios en el almacenamiento de C en el Parque Nacional de Las Tablas de Daimiel (PNTD) en los últimos 1000 años]","docAbstract":"Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park has suffered too many modifications throughout its history, natural as well as anthropic, which have affected the carbon storage in different ways. The study of those variations has been carried out by the analysis of sedimentary record and historical data. The sedimentary record has been studied from the core Ciguela 4. It was sampled with a systematic high resolution method (0.7 cm thickness average) to analyze geochemistry and pollen. The analysis of all data shows that the natural changes (linked with the climate) have more variation ranges than the anthropic ones, are directly related with the climate and not with the concentration of the atmospheric CO2, showing a natural cyclicity with a fast mitigation (decades) of the variations. In the other hand the anthropogenic impacts depend on the proximity and intensity of the impact. The usage changes produced during the second half of the 19th century were an indirect impact with medium intensity. The environment had the capacity to recover the values of a normal storage in less than 50 years. Nevertheless the dissication and overexploitation of the groundwater (second half of 20th century) were direct and high intensity impacts. These impacts caused a fast loss of the water table and the salinization of the environment. Due to that the ecosystem lost capacity to store C. recovery of the normal values by a natural way is difficult now.
","language":"Castilian","publisher":"Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana","issn":"0366-0176","usgsCitation":"Dominguez-Castro, F., Santisteban, J., Mediavilla, R., Dean, W.E., Lopez-Pamo, E., Ruiz-Zapata, M.B., and Gil-Garcia, M.J., 2006, Changes in the C storage in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (PNTD) in the last 1000 years [Cambios en el almacenamiento de C en el Parque Nacional de Las Tablas de Daimiel (PNTD) en los últimos 1000 años]: Boletin Geologico y Minero, v. 117, p. 537-544.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -3.779983520507812,\n 39.10182458484289\n ],\n [\n -3.64471435546875,\n 39.10182458484289\n ],\n [\n -3.64471435546875,\n 39.19448036993607\n ],\n [\n -3.779983520507812,\n 39.19448036993607\n ],\n [\n -3.779983520507812,\n 39.10182458484289\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dominguez-Castro, F.","contributorId":82996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez-Castro","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santisteban, J.I.","contributorId":56118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santisteban","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mediavilla, R.","contributorId":43240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mediavilla","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopez-Pamo, Enrique","contributorId":221636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Pamo","given":"Enrique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruiz-Zapata, Maria Blanca","contributorId":221637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Zapata","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Blanca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gil-Garcia, Maria Jose","contributorId":221638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gil-Garcia","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Jose","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046923,"text":"dsNE3071 - 2006 - Drainage areas for selected stream-sampling stations, Missouri River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T13:00:39","indexId":"dsNE3071","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-09T12:49:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NE-3071","title":"Drainage areas for selected stream-sampling stations, Missouri River Basin","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA), an investigation of the Missouri River Basin is being conducted to document trends in surface-water quality, specifically for trends in nutrients and suspended sediment. Surface-water samples were collected from streams at specific sampling stations. Water-quality characteristics at each station are influenced by the natural and cultural characteristics of the drainage area upstream from the sampling station. Efficient quantification of the drainage area characteristics requires a digital map of the drainage area boundary that may be processed, together with other digital thematic maps (such as geology or land use), in a geographic information system (GIS). Digital drainage-area boundary data for one stream-sampling station in the Missouri River Basin (MRB4) study area is included in this data release. The drainage divides were identified chiefly using 1:24,000-scale hypsography.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dsNE3071","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Drainage areas for selected stream-sampling stations, Missouri River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series NE-3071, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dsNE3071.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Iowa;Kansas;Montana;Nebraska;North Dakota;South Dakota;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.452497,44.539797 ], [ -110.452497,45.238318 ], [ -109.799224,45.238318 ], [ -109.799224,44.539797 ], [ -110.452497,44.539797 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30e9e4b0f72b44719c6c"} ,{"id":70189441,"text":"70189441 - 2006 - The toxicological geochemistry of Earth materials: An overview of processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T09:34:45","indexId":"70189441","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The toxicological geochemistry of Earth materials: An overview of processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them","docAbstract":"A broad spectrum of earth materials have been linked to, blamed for, and/or debated as sources for disease. In some cases, the links are clear. For example, excessive exposures to mineral dusts have long been recognized for their role in diseases such as: asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung cancers (asbestos); silicosis and lung cancer (silica dusts); and coal-workers pneumoconiosis (coal dust). Lead poisoning, particularly in toddlers and young children, has been conclusively linked to involuntary ingestion of soils or other materials contaminated with lead-rich paint particles, leaded gasoline combustion byproducts, and some types of lead-rich mine wastes or smelter particulates. Waters with naturally elevated arsenic contents are common in many regions of the globe, and consumption of these waters has been documented as the source of arsenic-related diseases affecting thousands of people in south Asia and other regions. Exposure to dusts or soils containing pathogens has been documented as the cause of regionally common diseases such as valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) and much rarer diseases such as anthrax. Links between many other earth materials and specific diseases, although suspected, are less clear or are debated. For example, it has been suggested that geographic clusters of diseases such as leukemia are related to exposures to waters or atmospheric particulates containing organic or metal contaminants; however, for many clusters the exact causal relationships between disease and environmental exposure are difficult to prove conclusively. Even for many diseases in which the causal relationship is clear, such as in asbestosis and mesothelioma triggered by asbestos exposure, the minimum exposures needed to trigger disease, the influence of genetic factors, and the exact mechanisms of toxicity are still incompletely understood and are the focus of considerable debate within the public health community. Hence, understanding the health effects resulting from occupational and environmental exposures to a wide variety of earth materials remains a very active and fruitful area of research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2006.64.2","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Morman, S.A., and Ziegler, T.L., 2006, The toxicological geochemistry of Earth materials: An overview of processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 64, no. 1, p. 5-57, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.64.2.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a3e4b0d1f9f05f59d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Thomas L.","contributorId":20381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}