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The objective of this study is to quantify the accuracy of two engineering models for dune erosion (SBEACH and EDUNE), and to determine which of the two models is best suited for predicting barrier island vulnerability due to extreme storm events. The first model, SBEACH, computes sediment transport using empirically derived equations from two large wave tank experiments. The second model, EDUNE, theoretically relates excess wave energy dissipation in the surf zone to sediment transport. The first mechanism for model comparison is sensitivity testing, which describes the response of the model to empirical, physical, and hydrodynamic variables. Through sensitivity tests, it is possible to determine if responses to physical variables (e.g. grain size) and hydrodynamic variables (e.g. wave height) are consistent with theoretical expectations, and whether the function of each variable is properly specified within the governing equations.

With respect to empirical parameters, model calibrations are performed on multiple study sites in order to determine whether or not the empirical parameters are properly constrained. Finally, error statistics are generated on four study sites in order to compare model accuracy. Cross-shore profiles of dune elevation are extracted from coastal lidar (light detecting and ranging) surveys flown before and after the impact of major storm events. Three study sites are taken from 1998 lidar surveys of Assateague Island, MD in response to two large northeasters that produced significant erosion along the Assateague shoreline. Two additional study sites are obtained from 2003 lidar surveys of Hatteras Island, NC in response to erosion caused by Hurricane Isabel. Error statistics generated on these study sites suggest that the models are statistically equivalent in their ability to hindcast dune erosion due to extreme storm events.

","publisher":"University of South Florida","usgsCitation":"Fauver, L.A., and Advised by Howard, P.A., 2005, Toward predicting barrier island vulnerability: Simple models for dune erosion, xv, 159 p.","productDescription":"xv, 159 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2877/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island, Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 36.89719446989036\n ],\n [\n -73.58642578125,\n 36.89719446989036\n ],\n [\n -73.58642578125,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 36.89719446989036\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263de4b014cc3a3d34b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fauver, Laura A.","contributorId":105384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fauver","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by Howard, Peter A.","contributorId":187712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Advised by Howard","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198257,"text":"70198257 - 2005 - Birth of the lower Colorado River–Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence for its inception near the conjunction of Nevada, Arizona, and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-24T10:05:34","indexId":"70198257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5478,"text":"Geological Society of America Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Birth of the lower Colorado River–Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence for its inception near the conjunction of Nevada, Arizona, and California","docAbstract":"

A detailed record of the late Cenozoic history of the lower Colorado River can be inferred from alluvial and (likely) lacustrine stratigraphy exposed in dissected alluvial basins below the mouth of the Grand Canyon. Numerous sites in Mohave, Cottonwood, and Detrital valleys contain stratigraphic records that directly bear on the mode, timing, and consequences of the river’s inception and integration in the latest Miocene–early Pliocene and its subsequent evolution through the Pleistocene. This field trip guide describes and illustrates many of these key stratigraphic relationships and, in particular, highlights evidence that supports the hypothesis of cascading lake-overflow as the principal formative mechanism of the river’s course downstream from the Grand Canyon.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Interior Western United States: Geological Society of America Field Guide","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2005.fld006(17)","usgsCitation":"House, K., Howard, K.A., Bell, J.W., Perkins, M.E., Faulds, J.E., and Brock, A., 2005, Birth of the lower Colorado River–Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence for its inception near the conjunction of Nevada, Arizona, and California, chap. of Interior Western United States: Geological Society of America Field Guide: Geological Society of America Field Guides, v. 6, p. 357-387, https://doi.org/10.1130/2005.fld006(17).","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c6b1e4b0702d0e8462db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, J. W.","contributorId":54288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faulds, J. E.","contributorId":84854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulds","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brock, A.","contributorId":107838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189653,"text":"70189653 - 2005 - Guidelines 13 and 14—Prediction uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:59","indexId":"70189653","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":" Guidelines 13 and 14—Prediction uncertainty","docAbstract":"

An advantage of using optimization for model development and calibration is that optimization provides methods for evaluating and quantifying prediction uncertainty. Both deterministic and statistical methods can be used. Guideline 13 discusses using regression and post-audits, which we classify as deterministic methods. Guideline 14 discusses inferential statistics and Monte Carlo methods, which we classify as statistical methods.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/9780470041086.ch14","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2005, Guidelines 13 and 14—Prediction uncertainty, chap. of Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty, p. 337-344, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.ch14.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"337","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189658,"text":"70189658 - 2005 - Appendix D: Selected statistical tables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:43","indexId":"70189658","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Appendix D: Selected statistical tables","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470041086.app4","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2005, Appendix D: Selected statistical tables, chap. of Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty, p. 399-406, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.app4.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"399","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fe0e4b0d1f9f065ab27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189659,"text":"70189659 - 2005 - Appendix B: Calculation details of the modified Gauss-Newton Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:33","indexId":"70189659","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Appendix B: Calculation details of the modified Gauss-Newton Method","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/9780470041086.app2","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2005, Appendix B: Calculation details of the modified Gauss-Newton Method, chap. of Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty, p. 383-390, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.app2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"383","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.app2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189661,"text":"70189661 - 2005 - Calibrating transient and transport models and recalibrating existing models ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:23","indexId":"70189661","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Calibrating transient and transport models and recalibrating existing models ","docAbstract":"

The methods presented in Chapters 3 to 8 are applicable to models of any system. However, there are special considerations when applying the methods to certain types of models. This chapter discusses three types of models that are of special interest to many scientific and engineering fields: transient models, transport models, and existing models that are to be recalibrated.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/9780470041086.ch9","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2005, Calibrating transient and transport models and recalibrating existing models , chap. of Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty, p. 213-259, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.ch9.","productDescription":"47 p. ","startPage":"213","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72788,"text":"sir20055217 - 2005 - Base flow in the Great Lakes Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T12:55:17","indexId":"sir20055217","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5217","title":"Base flow in the Great Lakes Basin","docAbstract":"Hydrograph separations were performed using the PART, HYSEP 1, 2, and 3, BFLOW and UKIH methods on 104,293 years of daily streamflow records from 3,936 streamflow-gaging stations in Ontario, Canada and the eight Great Lakes States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin to estimate base-flow index (BFI) and base flow. BFI ranged an average of 0.24 BFI depending on which hydrograph-separation method was used. BFI data from 959 selected streamflow-gaging stations with a combined 28,784 years of daily streamflow data were used to relate BFI to surficial geology and the proportion of surface water within the gaged watersheds. This relation was then used to derive estimates of BFI throughout the Great Lakes, Ottawa River, and upper St. Lawrence River Basins at a scale of 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) watersheds for the U.S. and tertiary watersheds in Canada. This process was repeated for each of the six hydrograph-separation methods used. When applied to gaged watersheds, model results predicted observed base flow within 0.2 BFI up to 94 percent of the time. Estimates of long-term (length of streamflow record) average annual streamflow in each HUC and tertiary watershed were calculated and used to determine average annual base flow from BFI estimates. 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-74.794921875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6492a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, B.P.","contributorId":92759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, S.M.","contributorId":41425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piggott, A.R.","contributorId":34600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piggott","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72787,"text":"sir20055273 - 2005 - Simulation of conservative-constituent transport in the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:33:42","indexId":"sir20055273","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5273","title":"Simulation of conservative-constituent transport in the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2003-04","docAbstract":"

Population growth along with possible future droughts in the Red River of the North (Red River) Basin will create an increasing need for reliable water supplies. Therefore, as a result of the Dakota Water Resources Act of 2000, the Bureau of Reclamation identified eight water-supply alternatives (including a no-action alternative) to meet future water needs in the basin. Because of concerns about the possible effects of the alternatives on water quality in the Red River and the Sheyenne River and in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, the Bureau of Reclamation needs to prepare an environmental impact statement that describes the specific environmental effects of each alternative. To provide information for the environmental impact statement, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, conducted a study to develop and apply a water-quality model, hereinafter referred to as the Red River water-quality model, to part of the Red River and the Sheyenne River to simulate conservative-constituent transport in the Red River Basin. The Red River water-quality model is a one-dimensional, steady-state flow and transport model for selected constituents in the Red River and the Sheyenne River. The model simulates the flow and transport of total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride during steady-state conditions. The physical model domain includes the Red River from the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail Rivers to the Red River at Emerson, Manitoba, and the Sheyenne River from above Harvey, N. Dak., to the confluence with the Red River.

 The Red River water-quality model was calibrated and tested using data collected at 34 sites from September 15 through 16, 2003, and from May 10 through 13, 2004. Water-quality samples were collected during low, steady-flow conditions from September 15 through 16, 2003, and during medium, unsteady-flow conditions from May 10 through 13, 2004. The simulated total dissolved-solids, sulfate, and chloride concentrations generally were within 5 percent of the measured concentrations.

 The Red River water-quality model was used to simulate conservative-constituent transport in the Red River and the Sheyenne River for the eight water-supply alternatives identified by the Bureau of Reclamation. For the first set of eight simulations, September 2003 streamflows were used with projected 2050 return flows and withdrawals. For the second set of eight simulations, the September 2003 streamflows were reduced by 25 percent. The simulated concentrations for three of the alternatives generally were lower than for the no-action alternative. Of those alternatives, one would result in a decrease in concentrations for two constituents, one would result in a decrease in concentrations for all three constituents, and one would result in a decrease in concentrations for one constituent and an increase in concentrations for another constituent. For four of the alternatives, the differences between the mean simulated concentrations were less than calibration errors, indicating the effects of those alternatives on water quality in the rivers is uncertain. The effects of reduced streamflow on simulated total dissolved-solids, sulfate, and chloride concentrations were greatest for alternative 2. Reduced streamflow probably has an effect on simulated total dissolved-solids concentrations for alternatives 2, 3, 5, and 7 and on simulated sulfate concentrations for alternatives 2 and 5. Except for alternative 2, reduced streamflow had little effect on simulated chloride concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055273","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., and Bales, J.D., 2005, Simulation of conservative-constituent transport in the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2003-04 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5273, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055273.","productDescription":"89 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352373,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5273/pdf/sir20055273.pdf"},{"id":7282,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5273/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,45.833333333333336 ], [ -100,49 ], [ -94.83333333333333,49 ], [ -94.83333333333333,45.833333333333336 ], [ -100,45.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a2e4b07f02db5bebb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72785,"text":"sir20055202 - 2005 - Assessment, water-quality trends, and options for remediation of acidic drainage from abandoned coal mines near Huntsville, Missouri, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"sir20055202","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5202","title":"Assessment, water-quality trends, and options for remediation of acidic drainage from abandoned coal mines near Huntsville, Missouri, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"Water from abandoned underground coal mines acidifies receiving streams in the Sugar Creek Basin and Mitchell Mine Basin near Huntsville, Missouri. A 4.35-kilometer (2.7-mile) reach of Sugar Creek has been classified as impaired based on Missouri's Water Quality Standards because of small pH values [< (less than) 6.5]. Samples collected from Sugar Creek from July 2003 to June 2004 did not have pH values outside of the specified range of 6.5 to 9.0. However, large concentrations of iron [416 to 2,320 mg/L (milligrams per liter)], manganese (8.36 to 33.5 mg/L), aluminum (0.870 to 428 mg/L), and sulfate (2,990 to 13,700 mg/L) in acidic mine drainage (AMD) from two mine springs as well as small and diffuse seeps were observed to have an effect on water quality in Sugar Creek. Metal and sulfate loads increased and pH decreased immediately downstream from Sugar Creek's confluence with the Calfee Slope and Huntsville Gob drainages that discharge AMD into Sugar Creek. Similar effects were observed in the Mitchell Mine drainage that receives AMD from a large mine spring. Comparisons of water-quality samples from this study and two previous studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1987-1988 and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources in 2000-2002 indicate that AMD generation in the Sugar Creek Basin and Mitchell Mine Basin is declining, but the data are insufficient to quantify any trends or time frame. AMD samples from the largest mine spring in the Calfee Slope subbasin indicated a modest but significant increase in median pH from 4.8 to 5.2 using the Wilcoxan rank-sum test (p <0.05) and a decrease in median specific conductance from 5,000 to 3,540 ?S/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius) during a 17-year period. AMD samples from the largest mine spring in the Mitchell Mine Basin indicated an increase in median pH values from 5.6 to 6.0 and a decrease in median specific conductance from 3,050 to 2,450 ?S/cm during the same period.\r\n\r\nRemediation of AMD at or near the sites of the three largest mine springs is geochemically feasible based on alkalinity addition rates and increased pH determined by cubitainer experiments and geochemical mixing experiments using the computer model PHREEQCI. Alkalinity values for seven cubitainer experiments conducted to simulate anoxic treatment options exceeded the targeted value for alkalinity [90 mg/L as calcium carbonate (CaCO3)] specified in Missouri's Total Maximum Daily Load program by 18 percent or more, but maximum pH values were between 6.2 and 6.3, which is less than the targeted pH value of 6.5. Treatment of AMD by mixing with stream water or sewage effluent can further increase pH as indicated by geochemical modeling, but will not totally achieve water-quality goals because of limited discharges. A combination of treatments including settling ponds, oxic or anoxic limestone drains, and possibly successive alkalinity producing systems to remediate AMD will likely be required in the Sugar Creek Basin and Mitchell Mine Basin to consistently meet Missouri's Water Quality Standards.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055202","usgsCitation":"Christensen, E.D., 2005, Assessment, water-quality trends, and options for remediation of acidic drainage from abandoned coal mines near Huntsville, Missouri, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5202, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055202.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7283,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Eric D. echriste@usgs.gov","contributorId":4230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Eric","email":"echriste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72797,"text":"ofr20051223 - 2005 - Historical development of the U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1949 to 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"ofr20051223","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1223","title":"Historical development of the U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1949 to 2001","docAbstract":"This report is a summary of the historical development, from 1949 to 2001, of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The report covers the USGS's water-level monitoring program, water-quality sampling program, geophysical program, geologic framework program, drilling program, modeling program, surface-water program, and unsaturated-zone program. The report provides physical information about the wells and information about the frequencies of sampling and measurement. Summaries of USGS published reports with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) report numbers also are provided in an appendix. This report was prepared by the USGS in cooperation with the DOE.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051223","usgsCitation":"Knobel, L.L., Bartholomay, R.C., and Rousseau, J.P., 2005, Historical development of the U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1949 to 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1223, viii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051223.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,43.25 ], [ -114.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -114.25,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eabb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202246,"text":"70202246 - 2005 - Petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-alumina basalts: Implications from ion microprobe analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T09:28:54","indexId":"70202246","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-15T09:26:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-alumina basalts: Implications from ion microprobe analyses","docAbstract":"

In this study, ion microprobe analyses of individual minerals are used to investigate the petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts. We use trace element concentrations from individual minerals in the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts to evaluate both endogenic and exogenic models. The data show that if the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts were produced by melting within the lunar mantle, these basalts cannot be related to one another by closed-system fractional crystallization of a single basaltic melt. Rather, the trace element data show that variable amounts of a KREEP component were added to the basalts by either assimilation, mixing into mantle sources, or impact melting. Single-stage assimilation–fractional crystallization models can only explain the data from this study if an excessively large mass of urKREEP is assimilated into the parent magma before olivine crystallization. Alternatively, the trace element data can be explained if the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts were produced by melting multiple Al-rich mantle sources that contain different amounts of urKREEP. Finally, for impact melting to be a relevant process, the data require that multiple large impact melts be formed from mixed KREEP-rich target lithologies. The resulting impact melts must then crystallize to produce basalts with igneous textures, high Al2O3 concentrations, uniform major element compositions, and a wide range of incompatible trace element concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.008","usgsCitation":"Hagerty, J., Shearer, C.K., and Papike, J.J., 2005, Petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-alumina basalts: Implications from ion microprobe analyses: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 24, p. 5831-5845, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.008.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5831","endPage":"5845","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearer, Charles K.","contributorId":111575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papike, James J.","contributorId":213331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Papike","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72765,"text":"sir20055230 - 2005 - Simulation of flow and sediment mobility using a multidimensional flow model for the White Sturgeon critical-habitat reach, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20055230","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5230","title":"Simulation of flow and sediment mobility using a multidimensional flow model for the White Sturgeon critical-habitat reach, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","docAbstract":"In 1994, the Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) was listed as an Endangered Species as a direct result of two related observations. First, biologists observed that the white sturgeon population in the Kootenai River was declining. Second, they observed a decline in recruitment of juvenile sturgeon beginning in the 1950s with an almost total absence of recruitment since 1974, following the closure of Libby Dam in 1972. This second observation was attributed to changes in spawning and (or) rearing habitat resulting from alterations in the physical habitat, including flow regime, sediment-transport regime, and bed morphology of the river. The Kootenai River White Sturgeon Recovery Team was established to find and implement ways to improve spawning and rearing habitat used by white sturgeon. They identified the need to develop and apply a multidimensional flow model to certain reaches of the river to quantify physical habitat in a spatially distributed manner. The U.S. Geological Survey has addressed these needs by developing, calibrating, and validating a multidimensional flow model used to simulate streamflow and sediment mobility in the white sturgeon critical-habitat reach of the Kootenai River. This report describes the model and limitations, presents the results of a few simple simulations, and demonstrates how the model can be used to link physical characteristics of streamflow to biological or other habitat data. This study was conducted in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho along a 23-kilometer reach of the Kootenai River, including the white sturgeon spawning reach near Bonners Ferry, Idaho that is about 108 to 131 kilometers below Libby Dam.\r\n\r\nU.S. Geological Survey's MultiDimensional Surface-Water Modeling System was used to construct a flow model for the critical-habitat reach of the Kootenai River white sturgeon, between river kilometers 228.4 and 245.9. Given streamflow, bed roughness, and downstream water-surface elevation, the model computes the velocity field, water-surface elevations, and boundary shear stress throughout the modeled reach. The 17.5 kilometer model reach was subdivided into two segments on the basis of predominant grain size: a straight reach with a sand, gravel, and cobble substrate located between the upstream model boundary at river kilometer 245.9 and the upstream end of Ambush Rock at river kilometer 244.6, and a meandering reach with a predominately sand substrate located between upstream end of Ambush Rock and the downstream model boundary at river kilometer 228.4. Model cell size in the x and y (horizontal) dimensions is 5 meters by 5 meters along the computational grid centerline with 15 nodes in the z (vertical) dimension. The model was calibrated to historical streamflows evenly distributed between 141.6 and 2,548.9 cubic meters per second. The model was validated by comparing simulated velocities with velocities measured at 15 cross sections during steady streamflow. These 15 cross sections were each measured multiple (7-13) times to obtain velocities suitable for comparison to the model results. Comparison of modeled and measured velocities suggests that the model does a good job of reproducing flow patterns in the river, although some discrepancies were noted.\r\n\r\nThe model was used to simulate water-surface elevation, depth, velocity, bed shear stress, and sediment mobility for Kootenai River streamflows of 170, 566, 1,130, 1,700, and 2,270 cubic meters per second (6,000, 20,000, 40,000, 60,000, and 80,000 cubic feet per second). The three lowest streamflow simulations represent a range of typical river conditions before and since the construction of Libby Dam, and the highest streamflow simulation (2,270 cubic meters per second) is approximately equal to the annual median peak streamflow prior to emplacement of Libby Dam in 1972. Streamflow greater than 566 cubic meters per second were incrementally increased by 570 cubic meters per second. For each ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055230","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., McDonald, R.R., Nelson, J.M., and Dinehart, R.L., 2005, Simulation of flow and sediment mobility using a multidimensional flow model for the White Sturgeon critical-habitat reach, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055230.","productDescription":"64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7234,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72774,"text":"sir20055205 - 2005 - Two-dimensional resistivity investigation of the North Cavalcade Street site, Houston, Texas, August 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T12:46:43","indexId":"sir20055205","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5205","title":"Two-dimensional resistivity investigation of the North Cavalcade Street site, Houston, Texas, August 2003","docAbstract":"

The North Cavalcade Street site was first developed for wood treating in 1946. By 1955, pentachlorophenol wood preservation services and other support facilities, such as creosote ponds, pentachlorophenol and creosote storage structures, various tanks, lumber sheds, a treatment facility, and other buildings had been added. In 1961, the property was closed. To protect public health and welfare and the environment from release or threatened releases of hazardous substances, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency added the North Cavalcade Street site to the National Priorities List on October 5, 1984. Between September 1985 and November 1987, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted a remedial investigation which, through exploratory drilling, determined the locations of two contaminated source areas and a normal fault. During August 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted a two-dimensional (2D) resistivity investigation at the North Cavalcade Street site to provide additional characterization of the dense non-aqueous phase liquids and the lithologies that can influence contaminant migration. The 2D resistivity investigation used a capacitively coupled (CC) resistivity method as a reconnaissance tool to locate geophysical anomalies that could be associated with possible areas of creosote contamination. The inversion results of the CC resistivity survey identified resistive anomalies in the subsurface near the eastern and western contaminated source areas. A direct-current (DC) resistivity survey conducted near the CC resistivity survey confirmed the occurrence of subsurface resistive anomalies. The inversion results of the DC resistivity survey were used to define the subsurface distribution of resistivity at each line.

\n

Forward modeling was used as an interpretative tool to relate the subsurface distribution of resistivity from four DC resistivity lines to known, assumed, and hypothetical information on subsurface lithologies. The final forward models were used as an estimate of the true resistivity structure for the field data. The forward models and the inversion results of the forward models show the depth, thickness, and extent of strata as well as the resistive anomalies occurring along the four lines and the displacement of strata resulting from the Pecore Fault along two of the four DC resistivity lines. Ten additional DC resistivity lines show similarly distributed shallow subsurface lithologies of silty sand and clay strata. Eight priority areas of resistive anomalies were identified for evaluation in future studies. The interpreted DC resistivity data allowed subsurface stratigraphy to be extrapolated between existing boreholes resulting in an improved understanding of lithologies that can influence contaminant migration.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055205","usgsCitation":"Kress, W.H., and Teeple, A., 2005, Two-dimensional resistivity investigation of the North Cavalcade Street site, Houston, Texas, August 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5205, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055205.","productDescription":"34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327267,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5205/pdf/sir2005-5205.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201155,"text":"70201155 - 2005 - The manly map: the English construction of gender in early modern cartography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T09:48:05","indexId":"70201155","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-04T12:37:35","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The manly map: the English construction of gender in early modern cartography","docAbstract":"

Questions of gender in cartography most often focus on the sex of people involved in the cartographic process. These areas of research include the history of women cartographers (Tyner 1997: 46; Ritzlin 1989: 5; Hudson 1989: 29), the cartography of issues centered on women (Seager and Olson 1986; Seager et al. 1997; Rocheleau et al. 1995: 62), and women in the cartographic labor force (McHaffie 1996). Such studies examine the experiences of men and women in map-making, but not the map itself. When studies have addressed gender and contemporary map design qualities, the focus has been on cognitive aspects of and potential differences between the sexes in the cartographic process of making, analyzing, or reading maps (Golledge and Gilmartin 1986; Gilmartin and Patton 1984). Such studies tend to polarize the experience of gender in cartography as either male or female, when in fact people display properties of both genders. This paper examines facets of the historical basis of contemporary cartographic design principles, especially where these principles are gendered. By examining gender as social constructions of femininity and masculinity and how they have been incorporated into mapping, instead of as the interaction of individuals with maps (although sexual stereotypes act predominantly on individuals on the basis of their sex), we more closely approach the complex array of skills and relationships within which people live, while gaining insight into the stereotypical experiences of individuals. The premise is that early modern map design was not gender neutral in terms of broader social forces shaping gender identity. Historical evidence suggests that modern cartographic design principles originated along the lines of ideals of masculinity.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gender and landscape : Renegotiating morality and space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","publisherLocation":"London","isbn":"0415339499","usgsCitation":"Varanka, D.E., 2005, The manly map: the English construction of gender in early modern cartography, chap. of Gender and landscape : Renegotiating morality and space, p. 223-239.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781134300839/chapters/10.4324/9780203449196-23"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c064ee4e4b0815414cecb16","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dowler, Lorraine","contributorId":211015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowler","given":"Lorraine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carubia, Josephine M.","contributorId":211016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carubia","given":"Josephine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szczygiel, Bonj","contributorId":211017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szczygiel","given":"Bonj","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72757,"text":"ofr20051412 - 2005 - Input data used to generate one-dimensional burial history models, central Alberta, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:19:02","indexId":"ofr20051412","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1412","title":"Input data used to generate one-dimensional burial history models, central Alberta, Canada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051412","usgsCitation":"Roberts, L.N., Higley, D.K., and Henry, M.E., 2005, Input data used to generate one-dimensional burial history models, central Alberta, Canada (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1412, 14 p. : ill., 2 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051412.","productDescription":"14 p. : ill., 2 plates","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1412/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d99e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Laura N.R.","contributorId":79530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"N.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Mitchell E.","contributorId":57447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70258654,"text":"70258654 - 2005 - The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-19T16:59:45.348328","indexId":"70258654","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-01T11:53:18","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4.8","title":"The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coupled models for the hydrological cycle: Integrating atmosphere, biosphere, and pedosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/3-540-27325-5_4","usgsCitation":"Pielke, R.A., Marshall, C., Walko, R.L., Steyaert, L.T., Vidale, P., Liston, G.E., Lyons, W., and Chase, T.N., 2005, The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida, chap. 4.8 of Coupled models for the hydrological cycle: Integrating atmosphere, biosphere, and pedosphere, p. 259-263, https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27325-5_4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"263","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.03522469682876,\n 24.556856883517654\n ],\n [\n -80.08345947859941,\n 25.260715266856792\n ],\n [\n -79.85202929957174,\n 26.421021852899017\n ],\n [\n -80.56730823905066,\n 28.721869095499258\n ],\n [\n -82.81709467658871,\n 28.591778756240032\n ],\n [\n -82.8808756853212,\n 27.709079129336445\n ],\n [\n -82.26540962484465,\n 26.586411066873637\n ],\n [\n -81.49395434200777,\n 25.621246426720234\n ],\n [\n -81.2959323230392,\n 24.988981333899602\n ],\n [\n -81.03522469682876,\n 24.556856883517654\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pielke, Roger A. Sr.","contributorId":32762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pielke","given":"Roger","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, Curtis","contributorId":344343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Curtis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walko, R. L.","contributorId":25521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walko","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vidale, P.L.","contributorId":35690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liston, Glen E.","contributorId":26244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liston","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, W.A.","contributorId":83691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chase, Thomas N.","contributorId":344344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chase","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70259129,"text":"70259129 - 2005 - Evaluating MODIS data to estimate irrigated crop production in Afghanistan using a thermal-based ET fraction approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T16:35:10.848076","indexId":"70259129","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-01T11:26:23","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating MODIS data to estimate irrigated crop production in Afghanistan using a thermal-based ET fraction approach","docAbstract":"

Accurate crop performance monitoring and production estimation is critical for timely assessment of the food balance of several countries in the world. Recently, the Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) has been monitoring crop performance and to some extent relative production using satellite derived data and simulation models in Africa, Central America and Afghanistan where ground based monitoring is limited due to the scarcity of weather stations. The commonly used crop monitoring models use a crop water balance algorithm with inputs from satellite-derived rainfall. While these models provide useful monitoring for rain-fed agriculture, they are ineffective for irrigated areas. Over 80% of the agricultural production in Afghanistan is from irrigated agriculture. In this study, we implemented a thermal-based ET fraction approach to monitor and assess the performance of irrigated agriculture in Afghanistan using the combination of 250-m NDVI and 1-km Land Surface Temperature (LST) data from MODIS. Six images per year were used to estimate seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) from irrigated lands in a given growing season between 2000 and 2004. Seasonal ET estimates from the different years were used as relative indicators of year-to-year production magnitude differences. The results were comparable to field reports and crop water balance based estimates for irrigated watersheds in that 2003 was a good year for crop production in Afghanistan. The advantage of this method over crop water balance method is that it helps identify irrigated areas directly and thus helps estimate total irrigated area and its spatial distribution in a given region.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global priorities in land remote sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing, 16th","conferenceDate":"October 23-27, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Budde, M., Rowland, J., and Verdin, J.P., 2005, Evaluating MODIS data to estimate irrigated crop production in Afghanistan using a thermal-based ET fraction approach, in Global priorities in land remote sensing, Sioux Falls, SD, October 23-27, 2005, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Conference-Proceedings.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budde, Michael 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":166756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, J.","contributorId":18539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70259528,"text":"70259528 - 2005 - Analysis of multi-temporal geospatial data sets to assess the landscape effects of surface mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-10T16:40:09.669805","indexId":"70259528","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-01T11:23:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis of multi-temporal geospatial data sets to assess the landscape effects of surface mining","docAbstract":"

Geospatial data sets, especially digital elevation data, have proven useful for characterizing and analyzing land surface conditions. Digital elevation models are routinely used for describing the morphology of the land surface in terms of slope gradient and aspect. Additionally, the elevation data are useful for deriving parameters that describe the local drainage conditions such as watersheds and stream channels. When the element of time is added to the analysis through the use of multi-temporal topographic data, the effects of changes to the physical shape of the land surface may be studied. Such is the case with analysis of historical (pre-mining) and recent (post-mining) topographic and other geospatial data sets, including land cover maps derived from remote sensing. Nationwide geospatial data sets now exist with the required spatial and temporal resolution that allow for assessment of the effects of surface mining operations. Changes to the local landscape morphology are readily identified, and the effects to the surface drainage features are quantifiable, such as changes to local relief and drainage pattern and the total length of affected streams. Additionally, the visual impact of the movement of rock and soil materials may be assessed through viewshed analysis. Examples in both Appalachian and Western coalfields show the usefulness of analyzing detailed historical and recent geospatial data sets to better map and describe the effects of surface mining.

","conferenceTitle":"Annual National Conference, 22nd","conferenceDate":"June 19-23, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Breckenridge, CO","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mining and Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., 2005, Analysis of multi-temporal geospatial data sets to assess the landscape effects of surface mining, Annual National Conference, 22nd, Breckenridge, CO, June 19-23, 2005, p. 415-432.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asrs.us/past-asrs-meetings/2005-brekenridge-co-member/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Perry County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.51228609749789,\n 37.433869813899946\n ],\n [\n -83.51228609749789,\n 37.226507045303904\n ],\n [\n -83.15978645381992,\n 37.226507045303904\n ],\n [\n -83.15978645381992,\n 37.433869813899946\n ],\n [\n -83.51228609749789,\n 37.433869813899946\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70253055,"text":"pp1688B - 2005 - Petrography, structure, age, and thermal history of granitic coastal plain basement in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70253055,"text":"pp1688B - 2005 - Petrography, structure, age, and thermal history of granitic coastal plain basement in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia","indexId":"pp1688B","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Petrography, structure, age, and thermal history of granitic coastal plain basement in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T16:13:00.895736","indexId":"pp1688B","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-01T11:07:33","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1688","chapter":"B","title":"Petrography, structure, age, and thermal history of granitic coastal plain basement in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia","docAbstract":"

The USGS-NASA Langley corehole at Hampton, Va., was drilled in 2000 and was the first corehole to reach coastal plain basement in the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The Langley core provided samples of granite that had been concealed by 626.3 meters (2,054.7 feet) of preimpact, synimpact, and postimpact sediments. The granite, here named the Langley Granite, is pale red, medium grained, massive, and homogeneous in composition and fabric. It has a peraluminous composition (alumina saturation index 1.1) and a seriate-inequigranular, hypidiomorphic, isotropic fabric. A pervasive secondary mineral assemblage of chlorite + albite + clinozoisite is consistent with either deuteric alteration or lower greenschist-facies metamorphism. Chlorite, the principal mafic mineral, occurs as tabular masses that suggest pseudomorphous replacement of biotite. The top of the granite is weathered but not saprolitized and is nonconformably overlain by Lower Cretaceous clastic sediments. A SHRIMP 206Pb/238U weighted average zircon age of 612±10 Ma (2σ) indicates Neoproterozoic crystallization of the Langley Granite. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of microcline and plagioclase are consistent with regional cooling and uplift after the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny. Zircon and apatite fission-track cooling ages of 375±44 Ma and 184±32 Ma (2σ), respectively, indicate no discernible impact-related thermal disturbance at the Langley corehole location in the annular trough of the structure about 19 kilometers (12 miles) outside the margin of the central crater. Modeling the apatite fission-track data places upper limits on the impact-related heating at this location. For an impact-related thermal disturbance equivalent to a modeled thermal spike having a duration of 1 to 0.1 million years, temperatures in this part of the impact structure could not have been higher than about 100°C-120°C. Most fractures, faults, and veins in the Langley Granite contain lower greenschist-facies minerals and are inferred to predate the impact. No shock-metamorphosed minerals or other features clearly attributable to the impact were found in the granite. Studies of the granite provide a glimpse into the nature of crystalline terranes beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Chesapeake Bay and provide limits on the geographic extent of impact-generated shock and thermal effects.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys (Professional Paper 1688)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1688B","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., Powars, D.S., and Gohn, G., 2005, Petrography, structure, age, and thermal history of granitic coastal plain basement in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USGS-NASA Langley core, Hampton, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1688, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1688B.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.63787841796875,\n 36.9806150652861\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 36.9806150652861\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 37.293720520228696\n ],\n [\n -76.63787841796875,\n 37.293720520228696\n ],\n [\n -76.63787841796875,\n 36.9806150652861\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70253054,"text":"pp1688A - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - Introduction and discussion","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70253054,"text":"pp1688A - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - Introduction and discussion","indexId":"pp1688A","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - Introduction and discussion"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T16:05:24.680947","indexId":"pp1688A","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-01T11:00:52","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1688","chapter":"A","title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - Introduction and discussion","docAbstract":"

The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure on the Atlantic margin of Virginia is the largest known impact crater in the United States, and it may be the Earth's best preserved example of a large impact crater that formed on a predominantly siliciclastic continental shelf. The 85-kilometer-wide (53-milewide) crater also coincides with a region of saline ground water. It has a profound influence on ground-water quality and flow in an area of urban growth. The USGS-NASA Langley corehole at Hampton, Va., is the first in a series of new coreholes being drilled in the crater, and it is the first corehole to penetrate the entire crater-fill section and uppermost crystalline basement rock. The Langley corehole is located in the southwestern part of the crater's annular trough. A comprehensive effort to understand the crater's materials, architecture, geologic history, and formative processes, as well as its influence on ground water, includes the drilling of coreholes accompanied by high-resolution seismic-reflection and seismic-refraction surveys, audio-magnetotelluric surveys, and related multidisciplinary research. The studies of the core presented in this volume provide detailed information on the outer part of the crater, including the crystalline basement, the overlying impact-modified and impact-generated sediments (physical geology, paleontology, shocked minerals, and crystalline ejecta), and the upper Eocene to Quaternary postimpact sedimentary section (stratigraphy, paleontology, and paleoenvironments). The USGS-NASA Langley corehole has a total depth below land surface of 635.1 meters (m; 2,083.8 feet (ft)). The deepest unit in the corehole is the Neoproterozoic Langley Granite. The top of this granite at 626.3 m (2,054.7 ft) depth is overlain by 390.6 m (1,281.6 ft) of impact-modified and impact-generated siliciclastic sediments. These crater-fill materials are preserved beneath a 235.6-m-thick (773.12-ft-thick) blanket of postimpact sediments. A high-resolution seismic-reflection and seismic-refraction profile that crosses the Langley drill site is tied to the core by borehole geophysical logs, and it reveals the details of extensional collapse structures in the western annular trough. Electrical cross sections based on audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) soundings image a nearly vertical zone of high resistivity at the outer margin of the annular trough, possibly indicating fresh ground water at that location, and they show impedance trends that match the curvature of the structure. They also image the subsurface contact between conductive sediments and resistive crystalline basement, showing that the depth to crystalline basement is relatively constant in the western part of the annular trough. Chemical and isotopic data indicate that saline ground water of the Virginia inland saltwater wedge or bulge is a mixture of freshwater and seawater, and evidence for a mixing zone at the crater's outer margin supports the concept of differential flushing of residual seawater to create the bulge. Ground-water brine in the central part of the crater was produced by evaporation, and brine production from the heat of the impact is at least theoretically possible.

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Individual-based models (IBMs) allow the explicit inclusion of individual variation in greater detail than do classical differential-equation and difference-equation models. Inclusion of such variation is important for continued progress in ecological and evolutionary theory. We provide a conceptual basis for IBMs by describing five major types of individual variation in IBMs: spatial, ontogenetic, phenotypic, cognitive, and genetic. IBMs are now used in almost all subfields of ecology and evolutionary biology. We map those subfields and look more closely at selected key papers on fish recruitment, forest dynamics, sympatric speciation, metapopulation dynamics, maintenance of diversity, and species conservation. Theorists are currently divided on whether IBMs represent only a practical tool for extending classical theory to more complex situations, or whether individual-based theory represents a radically new research program. We feel that the tension between these two poles of thinking can be a source of creativity in ecology and evolutionary theory.

","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152644","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., and Mooij, W.M., 2005, Individual-based modeling of ecological and evolutionary processes: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 36, p. 147-168, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152644.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"168","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e4914e4b0e7a44bc419e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooij, Wolf M.","contributorId":94169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooij","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155970,"text":"70155970 - 2005 - Monitoring boreal forest leaf area index across a Siberian burn chronosequence: A MODIS validation study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T12:47:39.093671","indexId":"70155970","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring boreal forest leaf area index across a Siberian burn chronosequence: A MODIS validation study","docAbstract":"

Landscapes containing differing amounts of ecological disturbance provide an excellent opportunity to validate and better understand the emerging Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) vegetation products. Four sites, including 1‐year post‐fire coniferous, 13‐year post‐fire deciduous, 24‐year post‐fire deciduous, and >100 year old post‐fire coniferous forests, were selected to serve as a post‐fire chronosequence in the central Siberian region of Krasnoyarsk (57.3°N, 91.6°E) with which to study the MODIS leaf area index (LAI) and vegetation index (VI) products. The collection 4 MODIS LAI product correctly represented the summer site phenologies, but significantly underestimated the LAI value of the >100 year old coniferous forest during the November to April time period. Landsat 7‐derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) performed better than normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to separate the deciduous and conifer forests, and both indices contained significant correlation with field‐derived LAI values at coniferous forest sites (r 2 = 0.61 and r 2 = 0.69, respectively). The reduced simple ratio (RSR) markedly improved LAI prediction from satellite measurements (r 2 = 0.89) relative to NDVI and EVI. LAI estimates derived from ETM+ images were scaled up to evaluate the 1 km resolution MODIS LAI product; from this analysis MODIS LAI overestimated values in the low LAI deciduous forests (where LAI<5) and underestimated values in the high LAI conifer forests (where LAI>6). Our results indicate that further research on the MODIS LAI product is warranted to better understand and improve remote LAI quantification in disturbed forest landscapes over the course of the year.

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This report describes the Great Lakes hydrologic system and methods used to quantify individual components of the water balance. Potential sources of uncertainty are identified and, where appropriate, alternate or additional data, models, and estimation methods suitable for reducing uncertainties are discussed. Finally, approximate uncertainties of all components are identified, compared, and assessed within the context of net basin supply. Results indicate that average uncertainties in monthly estimates of individual water-balance components may range from 1.5 percent to 45 percent. These uncertainties may cause uncertainties in monthly net basin supply estimates of approximately 2,600 ft3/s to 33,500 ft3/s for individual Great Lakes.

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P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72731,"text":"sir20045203 - 2005 - Remote sensing characterization of the Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado, by AVIRIS imaging spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:58","indexId":"sir20045203","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5203","title":"Remote sensing characterization of the Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado, by AVIRIS imaging spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Visible-wavelength and near-infrared image cubes of the Animas River watershed in southwestern Colorado have been acquired by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Airborne Visible and InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument and processed using the U.S. Geological Survey Tetracorder v3.6a2 implementation. The Tetracorder expert system utilizes a spectral reference library containing more than 400 laboratory and field spectra of end-member minerals, mineral mixtures, vegetation, manmade materials, atmospheric gases, and additional substances to generate maps of mineralogy, vegetation, snow, and other material distributions. Major iron-bearing, clay, mica, carbonate, sulfate, and other minerals were identified, among which are several minerals associated with acid rock drainage, including pyrite, jarosite, alunite, and goethite. Distributions of minerals such as calcite and chlorite indicate a relationship between acid-neutralizing assemblages and stream geochemistry within the watershed. Images denoting material distributions throughout the watershed have been orthorectified against digital terrain models to produce georeferenced image files suitable for inclusion in Geographic Information System databases. Results of this study are of use to land managers, stakeholders, and researchers interested in understanding a number of characteristics of the Animas River watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045203","usgsCitation":"Dalton, J., Bove, D.J., and Mladinich, C., 2005, Remote sensing characterization of the Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado, by AVIRIS imaging spectroscopy (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5203, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045203.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, J.B.","contributorId":77251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mladinich, C.S.","contributorId":61095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72740,"text":"sir20055179 - 2005 - Hydrogeology and quality of ground water in the upper Arkansas River basin from Buena Vista to Salida, Colorado, 2000-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20055179","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5179","title":"Hydrogeology and quality of ground water in the upper Arkansas River basin from Buena Vista to Salida, Colorado, 2000-2003","docAbstract":"The upper Arkansas River Basin between Buena Vista and Salida, Colorado, is a downfaulted basin, the Buena Vista-Salida structural basin, located between the Sawatch and Mosquito Ranges. The primary aquifers in the Buena Vista-Salida structural basin consist of poorly consolidated to unconsolidated Quaternary-age alluvial and glacial deposits and Tertiary-age basin-fill deposits. Maximum thickness of the alluvial, glacial, and basin-fill deposits is about 5,000 feet, but 95 percent of the water-supply wells in Chaffee County are no more than 300 feet deep. Hydrologic conditions in the 149-square mile study area are described on the basis of hydrologic and geologic data compiled and collected during September 2000 through September 2003. The principal aquifers described in this report are the alluvial-outwash and basin-fill aquifers. \r\n\r\nAn estimated 3,443 wells pumped about 690 to 1,240 acre-feet for domestic and household use in Chaffee County during 2003. By 2030, projected increases in the population of Chaffee County, Colorado, may require use of an additional 4,000 to 5,000 wells to supply an additional 800 to 1,800 acre-feet per year of ground water for domestic and household supply. \r\n\r\nThe estimated specific yield of the upper 300 feet of the alluvial-outwash and basin-fill aquifers ranged from about 0.02 to 0.2. Current (2003) and projected (2030) ground-water withdrawals by domestic and household wells are less than 1 percent of the estimated 472,000 acre-feet of drainable ground water in the upper 300 feet of the subsurface. Locally, little water is available in the upper 300 feet. In densely populated areas, well interference could result in decreased water levels and well yields, which may require deepening or replacement of wells. \r\n\r\nInfiltration of surface water diverted for irrigation and from losing streams is the primary source of ground-water recharge in the semiarid basin. Ground-water levels in the alluvial-outwash and basin-fill aquifers vary seasonally with maximum water levels occurring in the early summer after snowmelt runoff peaks. Because of the drought during 2002, relatively large declines in ground-water levels occurred in about one-half of the monitored wells. Differences in water-level altitudes in shallow and deep wells indicate the potential for downward flow in upland areas and support results of preliminary cross-sectional models of ground-water flow. The apparent mean age of ground-water recharge ranged from about 1 to more than 48 years before 2001. The older (pre-1953) water was from wells that were located in ground-water discharge areas. Ground-water flow in the Buena Vista-Salida structural basin drains eastward toward the Arkansas River and, locally, toward the South Arkansas River. \r\n\r\nGround water in the alluvial-outwash and basin-fill aquifers generally is calcium-bicarbonate water type with less than 250 milligrams per liter dissolved solids. Nitrate concentrations generally were less than 1 to 2 milligrams per liter and do not indicate widespread contamination of ground water from surface sources.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055179","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.R., 2005, Hydrogeology and quality of ground water in the upper Arkansas River basin from Buena Vista to Salida, Colorado, 2000-2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5179, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055179.","productDescription":"61 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7177,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a34d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R. krwatts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"krwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}