We observed a breeding Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) pair nesting in a short-grass prairie and agricultural community on the southern Great Plains of the Texas Panhandle in 2004 and 2005. The nesting eagles produced 1 fledgling in 2004 and 2 fledglings in 2005. Our assessment of landcover types within a 5-km radius of the nest indicated that grasslands accounted for most of the area (90%), followed by agricultural lands (8%). Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies occupied 2.5% of the area, and single human residences with associated structures (i.e., barns) occupied <1%. The nearest source of permanent surface water >2.5 ha in surface area was 51 km from the nest. An analysis of regurgitated castings collected near the nest revealed a mammalian-dominated, breeding-season diet with black-tailed prairie dogs occurring in 80.9% of the castings. Other identified prey included cottontails (Sylvilagus spp., 15.9%), black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus, 3.2%), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana, 3.2%), and plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius, 1.6%). Bird remains were also present in 34.9% of the castings. This is the first reported successful nesting of Bald Eagles in the panhandle region of Texas since 1916; the nest is particularly unique because of its distance from any substantial body of water.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[246:SNBABE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Boal, G., Giovanni, M., and Beall, B., 2006, Successful nesting by a Bald Eagle pair in prairie grasslands of the Texas Panhandle: Western North American Naturalist, v. 66, no. 2, p. 246-250, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[246:SNBABE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"250","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol66/iss2/11","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Texas panhandle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -99.931640625,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -99.931640625,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 31.784216884487385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9da4e4b08c986b31d98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, G.W.","contributorId":10194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giovanni, M.D.","contributorId":29631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giovanni","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beall, B.N.","contributorId":99770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beall","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030954,"text":"70030954 - 2006 - Analysis of environmental variation in a Great Plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030954","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of environmental variation in a Great Plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems","docAbstract":"We present a method for spatial interpretation of environmental variation in a reservoir that integrates principal components analysis (PCA) of environmental data with geographic information systems (GIS). To illustrate our method, we used data from a Great Plains reservoir (Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma) with longitudinal variation in physicochemical conditions. We measured 18 physicochemical features, mapped them using GIS, and then calculated and interpreted four principal components. Principal component 1 (PC1) was readily interpreted as longitudinal variation in water chemistry, but the other principal components (PC2-4) were difficult to interpret. Site scores for PC1-4 were calculated in GIS by summing weighted overlays of the 18 measured environmental variables, with the factor loadings from the PCA as the weights. PC1-4 were then ordered into a landscape hierarchy, an emergent property of this technique, which enabled their interpretation. PC1 was interpreted as a reservoir scale change in water chemistry, PC2 was a microhabitat variable of rip-rap substrate, PC3 identified coves/embayments and PC4 consisted of shoreline microhabitats related to slope. The use of GIS improved our ability to interpret the more obscure principal components (PC2-4), which made the spatial variability of the reservoir environment more apparent. This method is applicable to a variety of aquatic systems, can be accomplished using commercially available software programs, and allows for improved interpretation of the geographic environmental variability of a system compared to using typical PCA plots. ?? Copyright by the North American Lake Management Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10402381","usgsCitation":"Long, J., and Fisher, W., 2006, Analysis of environmental variation in a Great Plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 132-140.","startPage":"132","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb11e4b0c8380cd48bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, J.M.","contributorId":88944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, W.L.","contributorId":87713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031176,"text":"70031176 - 2006 - Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T21:45:01.845269","indexId":"70031176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Adams, W., Kallemeyn, L., and Willis, D., 2006, Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 120, no. 1, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rainy Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ],\n [\n -93.40576171875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ],\n [\n -93.40576171875,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4154e4b0c8380cd65495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":23489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kallemeyn, L.W.","contributorId":44864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031178,"text":"70031178 - 2006 - Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr tracers of weathering reactions and hydrologic pathways in a tropical granitoid system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031178","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr tracers of weathering reactions and hydrologic pathways in a tropical granitoid system","docAbstract":"Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr data from primary and secondary minerals, soil waters, and stream waters in a tropical granitoid catchment quantitatively reflect mineral alteration reactions that occur at different levels within the bedrock-saprolite-soil zone. Near the bedrock-saprolite interface, plagioclase to kaolinite reaction yields low Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr. Higher in the regolith column, biotite weathering and kaolinite dissolution drive Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr to high values. Data from streams at base flow sample the bedrock-saprolite interface zone, while at high discharge solutes are derived from upper saprolite-soil zone. Coupled Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr can be effective tools for quantifying the importance of specific weathering reactions, and for geochemical hydrograph separation. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.054","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Derry, L., Pett-Ridge, J.C., Kurtz, A., and Troester, J., 2006, Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr tracers of weathering reactions and hydrologic pathways in a tropical granitoid system: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 271-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.054.","startPage":"271","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.054"},{"id":238756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14f0e4b0c8380cd54c27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Derry, L.A.","contributorId":47162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derry","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, J. C.","contributorId":18574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtz, A.C.","contributorId":89341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Troester, J.W.","contributorId":90750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troester","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030971,"text":"70030971 - 2006 - Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030971","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest","docAbstract":"Soil redox potential (Eh), concentrations of oxygen (O2) and three greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were measured in the soil profile of a coastal forest at ridge, transition, and swamp across a hydrological gradient. The results delineated a distinct boundary in soil Eh and O2 concentration between the ridge and swamp with essentially no overlap between the two locations. Critical soil Eh to initiate significant CH4 production under this field conditions was about +300 mV, much higher than in the homogenous soils (about -150 mV). The strength of CH4 source to the atmosphere was strong for the swamp, minor for the transition, and negligible or even negative (consumption) for the ridge. Maximum N2O concentration in the soils was found at about Eh +250 mV, and the soil N2O emission was estimated to account for less than 4% for the ridge and transition, and almost negligible for the swamp in the cumulative global warming potential (GWP) of these three gases. The dynamic nature of this study site in response to water table fluctuations across a hydrological gradient makes it an ideal model of impact of future sea level rise to coastal ecosystems. Soil carbon (C) sequestration potential due to increasing soil water content upon sea level rise and subsidence in this coastal forest was likely limited and temporal, and at the expense of increasing soil CH4 production and emission. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Yu, K., Faulkner, S., and Patrick, W., 2006, Redox potential characterization and soil greenhouse gas concentration across a hydrological gradient in a Gulf coast forest: Chemosphere, v. 62, no. 6, p. 905-914, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033.","startPage":"905","endPage":"914","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.033"},{"id":238772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3c0e4b0e8fec6cdb961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, K.","contributorId":23756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, W.H. Jr.","contributorId":78540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"W.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031059,"text":"70031059 - 2006 - Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions","docAbstract":"We estimated trends in concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) and the related change in the probabilities of trophic conditions from 1975 to 1994 at 250 nationally representative riverine monitoring locations in the U.S. with drainage areas larger than about 1,000 km2. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) declines were detected in TP and TN concentrations at 44% and 37% of the monitoring sites, and significant increases were detected at 3% and 9% of the sites, respectively. We used a statistical model to assess changes in the probable trophic-state classification of the sites after adjusting for climate-related variability in nutrient concentrations. The probabilistic assessment accounts for current knowledge of the trophic response of streams to nutrient enrichment, based on a recently proposed definition of \"eutrophic,\" \"mesotrophic,\" and \"oligotrophic\" conditions in relation to total nutrient concentrations. Based on these trophic definitions, we found that the trophic state improved at 25% of the monitoring sites and worsened at fewer than 5% of the sites; about 70% of the sites were unchanged. Improvements in trophic-state related to declines in TP were more common in predominantly forested and shrub-grassland watersheds, whereas the trophic state of predominantly agricultural sites was unchanged. Despite the declines in TP concentrations at many sites, about 50% of all monitoring sites, and more than 60% of the sites in predominantly agricultural and urban watersheds, were classified as eutrophic in 1994 based on TP concentrations. Contemporaneous reductions in major nutrient sources to streams, related to wastewater treatment upgrades, phosphate detergent bans, and declines in some agricultural sources, may have contributed to the declines in riverine nutrient concentrations and associated improvements in trophic conditions. ?? 2006, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 2006, Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions, in Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 1 II, p. 639-654.","startPage":"639","endPage":"654","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1 II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb812e4b08c986b327669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031062,"text":"70031062 - 2006 - An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2556,"text":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records","docAbstract":"Qualitative collections of aquatic insects were made at Fort Sill, Lawton, Oklahoma, between 2002 and 2004. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, aquatic Heteroptera, Neuroptera, and Megaloptera were targeted. Additional records are included from a survey that took place in 1999. More than 11,000 specimens from more than 290 collections were examined. Based on the current understanding of aquatic insect systematics, 276 taxa distributed over 8 orders, 46 families, and 141 genera were identified. Twenty-three of the 276 taxa, Plauditus texanus Wiersema, Tricorythodes allectus (Needham), Palmacorixa nana walleyi Hungerford, Climacia chapini Partin and Gurney, Oxyethira forcipata Mosely, Oxyethira janella Denning, Triaenodes helo Milne, Ylodes frontalis (Banks), Acilius fraternus Harris, Coptotomus loticus Hilsenhoff, Coptotomus venustus (Say), Desmopachria dispersa Crotch, Graphoderus liberus (Say), Hydrovatus pustulatus (Melsheimer), Hygrotus acaroides (LeConte), Liodessus flavicollis (LeConte), Uvarus texanus (Sharp), Gyrinus woodruffi Fall, Haliplus fasciatus Aube, Haliplus lewisii Crotch, Haliplus tortilipenis Brigham & Sanderson, Chaetarthria bicolor Sharp, Epimetopus costatus complex, and Hydrochus simplex LeConte are reported from Oklahoma for the first time. The three most diverse orders included Coleoptera (86 species), Odonata (67 species) and Trichoptera (59 species), and the remaining taxa were distributed among Heteroptera, (30 species), Ephemeroptera (21 species), Plecoptera (6 species), Megaloptera (4 species), and Neuroptera (3 species). Based on previous published records, many of the species collected during this study were expected to be found at Fort Sill; however, 276 taxa of aquatic insects identified from such a small geographic area is noteworthy, especially when considering local climatic conditions and the relatively small size of Fort Sill (38,300 ha). Despite agricultural practices in Oklahoma, the dust bowl days, and the development of water-based recreation at Fort Sill, a high percentage of the total known aquatic insect fauna of Oklahoma can be found in a small geographic area. ?? 2006 Kansas Entomological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2317/505.03.1","issn":"00228567","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R., Kondratieff, B., Schmidt, J., Durfee, R., Ruiter, D., and Prather, I., 2006, An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records: Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, v. 79, no. 1, p. 34-54, https://doi.org/10.2317/505.03.1.","startPage":"34","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2317/505.03.1"},{"id":238679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fee4b0c8380cd48592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, J.P.","contributorId":47161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durfee, R.S.","contributorId":76130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durfee","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruiter, D.E.","contributorId":55200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiter","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prather, I.E.","contributorId":33915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prather","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034392,"text":"70034392 - 2006 - Scientific developments ISFD3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034392","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Scientific developments ISFD3","docAbstract":"Highlights, trends, and consensus from the 63 papers submitted to the Scientific Developments theme of the Third International Symposium on Flood Defence (ISFD) are presented. Realizing that absolute protection against flooding can never be guaranteed, trends in flood management have shifted: (1) from flood protection to flood-risk management, (2) from reinforcing structural protection to lowering flood levels, and (3) to sustainable management through integrated problem solving. Improved understanding of watershed responses, climate changes, applications of GIS and remote-sensing technologies, and advanced analytical tools appeared to be the driving forces for renewing flood-risk management strategies. Technical competence in integrating analytical tools to form the basin wide management systems are demonstrated by several large, transnation models. However, analyses from social-economic-environmental points of view are found lag in general. ?? 2006 Taylor & Francis Group.","largerWorkTitle":"Floods, from Defence to Management: Symposium Proceedings - Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Flood Defence","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Symposium on Flood Defence: 'Floods, from Defence to Management'","conferenceDate":"25 May 2005 through 27 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Nijmegen","language":"English","isbn":"0415391199; 9780415391191","usgsCitation":"Schropp, M., and Soong, T., 2006, Scientific developments ISFD3, in Floods, from Defence to Management: Symposium Proceedings - Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Flood Defence, Nijmegen, 25 May 2005 through 27 May 2005, p. 117-122.","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8783e4b08c986b316510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schropp, M.H.I.","contributorId":32015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schropp","given":"M.H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soong, T.W.","contributorId":9427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031190,"text":"70031190 - 2006 - Influence of depositional setting and sedimentary fabric on mechanical layer evolution in carbonate aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031190","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of depositional setting and sedimentary fabric on mechanical layer evolution in carbonate aquifers","docAbstract":"Carbonate aquifers in fold-thrust belt settings often have low-matrix porosity and permeability, and thus groundwater flow pathways depend on high porosity and permeability fracture and fault zones. Methods from sedimentology and structural geology are combined to understand the evolution of fracture controlled flow pathways and determine their spatial distribution. Through this process bed-parallel pressure-solution surfaces (PS1) are identified as a fracture type which influences fragmentation in peritidal and basinal carbonate, and upon shearing provides a major flow pathway in fold - thrust belt carbonate aquifers. Through stratigraphic analysis and fracture mapping, depositional setting is determined to play a critical role in PS1 localization and spacing where peritidal strata have closer spaced and less laterally continuous PS1 than basinal strata. In the peritidal platform facies, units with planar lamination have bed-parallel pressure-solution seams along mudstone laminae. In contrast, burrowed units of peritidal strata have solution seams with irregular and anastamosing geometries. Laminated units with closely spaced bed-parallel solution seams are more fragmented than bioturbated units with anastamosing solution seams. In the deeper-water depositional environment, pelagic settling and turbidity currents are the dominant sedimentation processes, resulting in laterally continuous deposits relative to the peritidal platform environment. To quantify the fracture patterns in the basinal environment, mechanical layer thickness values were measured from regions of low to high bed dip. The results define a trend in which mechanical layer thickness decreases as layer dip increases. A conceptual model is presented that emphasizes the link between sedimentary and structural fabric for the peritidal and basinal environments, where solution seams localize in mud-rich intervals, and the resulting pressure-solution surface geometry is influenced by sedimentary geometry (i.e., stacked fining upward cycles, burrows, planar laminations). In both facies types, laterally continuous PS1 can behave as mechanical layer boundaries. As layer-parallel slip increases to accommodate shear strain in the fold - thrust belt, more PS1 behave as mechanical layer boundaries. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.003","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Graham, W.B., 2006, Influence of depositional setting and sedimentary fabric on mechanical layer evolution in carbonate aquifers: Sedimentary Geology, v. 184, no. 3-4, p. 203-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.003.","startPage":"203","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211549,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.003"},{"id":238851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b21e4b0c8380cd6225e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Wall B.R.","contributorId":105111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Wall","email":"","middleInitial":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031191,"text":"70031191 - 2006 - Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:44:06","indexId":"70031191","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States","docAbstract":"Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, being routinely applied to control weeds in both agricultural and urban settings. Microbial degradation of glyphosate produces aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The high polarity and water-solubility of glyphosate and AMPA has, until recently, made their analysis in water samples problematic. Thus, compared to other herbicides (e.g. atrazine) there are relatively few studies on the environmental occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. In 2002, treated effluent samples were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. Stream samples were collected upstream and downstream of the 10 WWTPs. Two reference streams were also sampled. The results document the apparent contribution of WWTP effluent to stream concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA, with roughly a two-fold increase in their frequencies of detection between stream samples collected upstream and those collected downstream of the WWTPs. Thus, urban use of glyphosate contributes to glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in streams in the United States. Overall, AMPA was detected much more frequently (67.5%) compared to glyphosate (17.5%).
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D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glassmeyer, S.T.","contributorId":100190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031006,"text":"70031006 - 2006 - Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031006","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study","docAbstract":"Fine roots (??? 1mm diameter) are critical in plant water and nutrient absorption, and it is important to understand how rising atmospheric CO2 will affect them as part of terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. This study's objective was to determine effects of elevated CO2 on production, mortality, and standing crops of fine root length over 2 years in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility in the Mojave Desert of southern Nevada, USA. Three replicate 25m diameter FACE rings were maintained at ambient (??? 370 ??mol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (??? 550 ??mol mol-1) atmospheric concentrations. Twenty-eight minirhizotron tubes were placed in each ring to sample three microsite locations: evergreen Larrea shrubs, drought-deciduous Ambrosia shrubs, and along systematic community transects (primarily in shrub interspaces which account for ??? 85% of the area). Seasonal dynamics were similar for ambient and elevated CO2: fine root production peaked in April-June, with peak standing crop occurring about 1 month later, and peak mortality occurring during the hot summer months, with higher values for all three measures in a wet year compared with a dry year. Fine root standing crop, production, and mortality were not significantly different between treatments except standing crop along community transects, where fine root length was significantly lower in elevated CO2. Fine root turnover (annual cumulative mortality/mean standing crop) ranged from 2.33 to 3.17 year-1, and was not significantly different among CO2 treatments, except for community transect tubes where it was significantly lower for elevated CO2. There were no differences in fine root responses to CO2 between evergreen (Larrea) and drought-deciduous (Ambrosia) shrubs. Combined with observations of increased leaf-level water-use efficiency and lack of soil moisture differences, these results suggest that under elevated CO2 conditions, reduced root systems (compared with ambient CO2) appear sufficient to provide resources for modest aboveground production increases across the community, but in more fertile shrub microsites, fine root systems of comparable size with those in ambient CO2 were required to support the greater aboveground production increases. For community transects, development of the difference in fine root standing crops occurred primarily through lower stimulation of fine root production in the elevated CO2 treatment during periods of high water availability. ?? 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Phillips, D., Johnson, M.G., Tingey, D., Catricala, C., Hoyman, T., and Nowak, R., 2006, Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study: Global Change Biology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x"},{"id":238774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dbe4b0c8380cd51452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, D.L.","contributorId":10178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, M. G.","contributorId":22831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tingey, D.T.","contributorId":24991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Catricala, C.E.","contributorId":78148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catricala","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyman, T.L.","contributorId":107094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyman","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030940,"text":"70030940 - 2006 - Effects of water removal on a Hawaiian stream ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:36:25","indexId":"70030940","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water removal on a Hawaiian stream ecosystem","docAbstract":"A 3-year study of Wainiha River on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, was carried out to determine the impact that water removal had on key stream ecosystem parameters and functions. The study area included a diversion dam for a hydroelectric plant that removes water at an elevation of 213 m and returns it to the stream about 6 km downstream at an elevation of 30 m. There were two high-elevation sites, one with undiverted flow and one with reduced flow, and two low-elevation sites, one with reduced flow and one with full flow restored. Monthly samples were taken of instream and riparian invertebrates and plants. When samples from similar elevations were compared, dewatered sites had lower concentrations of benthic photosynthetic pigments than full-flow sites, and benthic ash-free dry mass (AFDM) was higher at the two low-elevation sites regardless of flow. Benthic chlorophyll a (chl a) and AFDM were higher in summer months than in the winter. Benthic invertebrate abundance was highest at the full-flow, low-elevation site and benthic invertebrate biomass was highest at the full-flow, high-elevation site. Season had only marginal effects on abundance and biomass of benthic invertebrates. Diversity of benthic invertebrates was higher at the more-downstream sites. Abundance of drifting invertebrates was highest at the site above the diversion dam and generally higher in winter than in summer months. Biomass of drifting invertebrates was also highest at the above-dam site but there was little seasonal difference. Almost all parameters measured were lowest at the site just downstream of the diversion dam. The biotic parameters responded only weakly to flows that had occurred up to 1 month before the measurements were made. Flow, elevation, and season interact in complex ways that impact ecosystem parameters and functions, but water diversion can override all these environmental factors. ?? 2006 by University of Hawai'i Press All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1353/psc.2005.0058","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Kinzie, R.A., Chong, C., Devrell, J., Lindstrom, D., and Wolff, R., 2006, Effects of water removal on a Hawaiian stream ecosystem: Pacific Science, v. 60, no. 1, p. 1-47, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0058.","startPage":"1","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22546","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269782,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0058"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0837e4b0c8380cd51a19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzie, R. A. III","contributorId":56397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzie","given":"R.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chong, C.","contributorId":16649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devrell, J.","contributorId":32348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devrell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindstrom, D.","contributorId":96478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolff, R.","contributorId":49977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035290,"text":"70035290 - 2006 - CO2 outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035290","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO2 outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Lititz Spring in southeastern Pennsylvania and a nearby domestic well were sampled for 9 months. Although both locations are connected to conduits (as evidenced by a tracer test), most of the year they were saturated with respect to calcite, which is more typical of matrix flow. Geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) was used to explain this apparent paradox and to infer changes in matrix and conduit contribution to flow. The saturation index varied from 0.5 to 0 most of the year, with a few samples in springtime dropping below saturation. The log PCO2 value varied from -2.5 to -1.7. Lower log PCO2 values (closer to the atmospheric value of -3.5) were observed when the solutions were at or above saturation with respect to calcite. In contrast, samples collected in the springtime had high PCO2, low saturation indices, and high water levels. Geochemical modeling showed that when outgassing occurs from a water with initially high PCO2, the saturation index of calcite increases. In the Lititz Spring area, the recharge water travels through the soil zone, where it picks up CO2 from soil gas, and excess CO 2 subsequently is outgassed when this recharge water reaches the conduit. At times of high water level (pipe full), recharge with excess CO 2 enters the system but the outgassing does not occur. Instead the recharge causes dilution, reducing the calcite saturation index. Understanding the temporal and spatial variation in matrix and conduit flow in karst aquifers benefited here by geochemical modeling and calculation of PCO2 values. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(23)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Toran, L., and Roman, E., 2006, CO2 outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 275-282, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(23).","startPage":"275","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(23)"},{"id":242870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d6e4b0c8380cd4b404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toran, L.","contributorId":78519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toran","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, E.","contributorId":59250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031151,"text":"70031151 - 2006 - Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031151","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"We characterize the seasonal variation in the geochemical and isotopic content of the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier (RG5), located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range, USA. Between June and August, the geochemical content of rock glacier outflow does not appear to differ substantially from that of other surface waters in the Green Lakes Valley. Thus, for this alpine ecosystem at this time of year there does not appear to be large differences in water quality among rock glacier outflow, glacier and blockslope discharge, and discharge from small alpine catchments. However, in September concentrations of Mg2+ in the outflow of the rock glacier increased to more than 900 ??eq L-1 compared to values of less than 40 ??eq L-1 at all the other sites, concentrations of Ca2+ were greater than 4,000 ??eq L-1 compared to maximum values of less than 200 ??eq L-1 at all other sites, and concentrations of SO42- reached 7,000 ??eq L-1, compared to maximum concentrations below 120 ??eq L-1 at the other sites. Inverse geochemical modelling suggests that dissolution of pyrite, epidote, chlorite and minor calcite as well as the precipitation of silica and goethite best explain these elevated concentrations of solutes in the outflow of the rock glacier. Three component hydrograph separation using end-member mixing analysis shows that melted snow comprised an average of 30% of RG5 outflow, soil water 32%, and base flow 38%. Snow was the dominant source water in June, soil water was the dominant water source in July, and base flow was the dominant source in September. Enrichment of ?? 18O from - 10??? in the outflow of the rock glacier compared to -20??? in snow and enrichment of deuterium excess from +17.5??? in rock glacier outflow compared to +11??? in snow, suggests that melt of internal ice that had undergone multiple melt/freeze episodes was the dominant source of base flow. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ppp.535","issn":"10456740","usgsCitation":"Williams, M., Knauf, M., Caine, N., Liu, F., and Verplanck, P., 2006, Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 17, no. 1, p. 13-33, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.535.","startPage":"13","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.535"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16e0e4b0c8380cd552c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, M.W.","contributorId":15565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knauf, M.","contributorId":77360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knauf","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, N.","contributorId":34881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, F.","contributorId":14150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030975,"text":"70030975 - 2006 - Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030975","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area, has caused the occasional loss of human life and millions of dollars in damage to property. The effective management of the hazzard requires an understanding of the rainfall conditions that result in landslides. We present an empirical approach to quantify the antecedent moisture conditions and rainstorm intensity and duration that have triggered shallow landsliding using 25 years of hourly rainfull data and a complementary record of landslide occurrence. Our approach combines a simple water balance to estimate the antecedent moisture conditions of hillslope materials and a rainfall intensity-duration threshold to identify periods when shallow landsliding can be expected. The water balance is calibrated with field-monitoring data and combined with the rainfall intensity-duration threshold using a decision tree. Results are cast in terms of a hypothetical landslide warning system. Two widespread landslide events are correctly identified by the warning scheme; however, it is less accurate for more isolated landsliding. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1237","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Godt, J., Baum, R., and Chleborad, A., 2006, Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 31, no. 1, p. 97-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1237.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1237"},{"id":238837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a945be4b0c8380cd81363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chleborad, A.F.","contributorId":17990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031193,"text":"70031193 - 2006 - Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031193","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis","docAbstract":"We used satellite telemetry, remotely sensed data (bathymetry, chlorophyll a (chl a), sea-surface temperature (SST), wind speed) and first-passage time (FPT) analysis to determine the distribution, movement patterns, and habitat associations of short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) during the non-breeding season, 2002 and 2003. Satellite transmitters were deployed on birds immediately prior to their departure from a breeding colony at Torishima, Japan (n = 11), or at-sea in the Aleutian Islands (n = 3). Tracking durations ranged from 51 to 138 days for a total of 6709 locations after filtering (131 - 808 per bird). FPT (time required to transit a circle of given radius) revealed the location and spatial scale of area-restricted search (ARS) patterns along flight paths. On average, ARS occurred within 70 km radii. Consequently, the fit of the habitat use models increased at spatial scales beyond a 40 km FPT radius (R2 = 0.31) and stabilized for scales of 70 km and larger (R2=0.40- 0.51). At all scales, wind speed, depth or depth gradient, and chl a or chl a gradient had a significant effect on FPT (i.e., residence time). FPT increased within regions of higher gradients of depth and chl a. In contrast, FPT decreased within regions of greater depth and wind speed, with a significant interaction of wind speed and depth at some scales. Sea-surface temperature or its interactions were only significant at large spatial scales (???160 km FPT radius). Albatrosses engaged in ARS activities primarily over the shelf break and slope, including Kuroshio and Oyashio regions off the western subarctic gyre. Occasionally, birds transited the northern boundary of the Kuroshio Extension while in-route to the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, but overall spent little time in the western gyre. In the Aleutian Islands, ARS occurred within straits, particularly along the central and western part of the archipelago. In the Bering Sea, ARS occurred along the northern continental shelf break, the Kamchatka Current region, and east of the Commander Islands. Non-breeding short-tailed albatross concentrate foraging in oceanic areas characterized by gradients in topography and water column productivity. This study provides an understanding of the foraging ecology for a highly migratory, imperiled seabird, and confirms the importance of shelf break and slope regions as hot spots for a variety of top marine predators in the North Pacific.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., Sato, F., Balogh, G., David, H., Sievert, P., and Ozaki, K., 2006, Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of short-tailed albatrosses: A multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 370-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012.","startPage":"370","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211550,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.012"},{"id":238852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12f7e4b0c8380cd54482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sato, F.","contributorId":34718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balogh, G.R.","contributorId":74349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, Hyrenbach K.","contributorId":38358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Hyrenbach K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ozaki, K.","contributorId":103470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozaki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031203,"text":"70031203 - 2006 - Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70031203","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":915,"text":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS)","docAbstract":"The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observed Phoebe, Iapetus, Titan and Saturn's rings during Cassini's approach and orbital insertion. Phoebe's surface contains water ice, CO2, and ferrous iron. lapetus contains CO2 and organic materials. Titan's atmosphere shows methane fluorescence, and night-side atmospheric emission that may be CO2 and CH3D. As determined from cloud motions, the winds at altitude 25-30 km in the south polar region of Titan appear to be moving in a prograde direction at velocity ???1 m s-1. Circular albedo features on Titan's surface, seen at 2.02 ??m, may be palimpsests remaining from the rheological adjustment of ancient impact craters. As such, their long-term persistence is of special interest in view of the expected precipitation of liquids and solids from the atmosphere. Saturn's rings have changed little in their radial structure since the Voyager flybys in the early 1980s. Spectral absorption bands tentatively attributed to Fe2+ suggest that iron-bearing silicates are a source of contamination of the C ring and the Cassini Division. ?? ESO 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361:20053054","issn":"00046361","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Buratti, B.J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R.N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Baugh, N., Griffith, C., Hansen, G.B., Hibbitts, C.A., Momary, T., and Showalter, M., 2006, Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS): Astronomy and Astrophysics, v. 446, no. 2, p. 707-716, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053054.","startPage":"707","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477721,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053054","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053054"},{"id":238948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"446","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a7de4b0c8380cd741c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Baugh, N.","contributorId":38360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baugh","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Momary, T.W.","contributorId":40405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Showalter, M.R.","contributorId":24992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70035598,"text":"70035598 - 2006 - From wetlands to wet spots: Environmental tracking and the fate of carboniferous elements in early permian tropical fl oras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035598","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From wetlands to wet spots: Environmental tracking and the fate of carboniferous elements in early permian tropical fl oras","docAbstract":"Diverse wetland vegetation flourished at the margins of the Midland Basin in north-central Texas during the Pennsylvanian Period. Extensive coastal swamps and an ever-wet, tropical climate supported lush growth of pteridosperm, marattialean fern, lycopsid, and calamite trees, and a wide array of ground cover and vines. As the Pennsylvanian passed into the Permian, the climate of the area became drier and more seasonal, the great swamps disappeared regionally, and aridity spread. The climatic inferences are based on changes in sedimentary patterns and paleosols as well as the general paleobotanical trends. The lithological patterns include a change from a diverse array of paleosols, including Histosols (ever-wet waterlogged soils), in the late Pennsylvanian to greatly diminished paleosol diversity with poorly developed Vertisols by the Early-Middle Permian transition. In addition, coal seams were present with wide areal distribution in the late Pennsylvanian whereas beds of evaporates were common by the end of the Early Permian. During this climatic transition, wetland plants were confi ned to shrinking \"wet spots\" found along permanent streams where the vegetation they constituted remained distinct if increasingly depauperate in terms of species richness. By Leonardian (late Early Permian) time, most of the landscape was dominated by plants adapted to seasonal drought and a deep water table. Wetland elements were reduced to scattered pockets, dominated primarily by weedy forms and riparian specialists tolerant of flooding and burial. By the Middle Permian, even these small wetland pockets had disappeared from the region. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2399(11)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"DiMichele, W.A., Tabor, N., Chaney, D., and Nelson, W., 2006, From wetlands to wet spots: Environmental tracking and the fate of carboniferous elements in early permian tropical fl oras: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 399, p. 223-248, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2399(11).","startPage":"223","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2399(11)"},{"id":244039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"399","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1400e4b0c8380cd54879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiMichele, William A.","contributorId":97631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMichele","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabor, N.J.","contributorId":107525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaney, D.S.","contributorId":47106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031044,"text":"70031044 - 2006 - The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031044","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements","docAbstract":"We examined the allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR; kJ day-1) and body mass (kg) in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) by regressing RMR on body mass using species means from data obtained from published literature (18 sources, 54 measurements, 24 species; all data from captive birds). There was no significant difference among measurements from the rest (night; n = 37), active (day; n = 14), and unspecified (n = 3) phases of the daily cycle (P > 0.10), and we pooled these measurements for analysis. The resulting power function (aMassb) for all waterfowl (swans, geese, and ducks) had an exponent (b; slope of the regression) of 0.74, indistinguishable from that determined with commonly used general equations for nonpasserine birds (0.72-0.73). In contrast, the mass proportionality coefficient (b; y-intercept at mass = 1 kg) of 422 exceeded that obtained from the nonpasserine equations by 29%-37%. Analyses using independent contrasts correcting for phylogeny did not substantially alter the equation. Our results suggest the waterfowl equation provides a more appropriate estimate of RMR for bioenergetics analyses of waterfowl than do the general nonpasserine equations. When adjusted with a multiple to account for energy costs of free living, the waterfowl equation better estimates daily energy expenditure. Using this equation, we estimated that the extent of wetland habitat required to support wintering waterfowl populations could be 37%-50% higher than previously predicted using general nonpasserine equations. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0166:TARBRM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., and Eadie, J.M., 2006, The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements: Condor, v. 108, no. 1, p. 166-177, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0166:TARBRM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"166","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477419,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0166:tarbrm]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211565,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0166:TARBRM]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9b6e4b08c986b32245b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J. McA","contributorId":92206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"McA","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031046,"text":"70031046 - 2006 - Trace element geochemistry and surface water chemistry of the Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031046","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element geochemistry and surface water chemistry of the Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee","docAbstract":"Mean contents of trace elements and ash in channel, bench-column, and dump samples of the abandoned Bon Air coal (Lower Pennsylvanian) in Franklin County, Tennessee are similar to Appalachian COALQUAL mean values, but are slightly lower for As, Fe, Hg, Mn, Na, Th, and U, and slightly higher for ash, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, REEs, Sr, and V, at the 95% confidence level. Compared to channel samples, dump sample means are slightly lower in chalcophile elements (As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, and V) and slightly higher in clay or heavy-mineral elements (Al, K, Mn, REEs, Th, Ti, U, and Y), but at the 95% confidence level, only As and Fe are different. Consistent abundances of clay or heavy-mineral elements in low-Br, high-S, high-ash benches that are relatively enriched in quartz and mire-to-levee species like Paralycopodites suggest trace elements are largely fluvial in origin. Factor analysis loadings and correlation coefficients between elements suggest that clays host most Al, Cr, K, Ti, and Th, significant Mn and V, and some Sc, U, Ba, and Ni. Heavy accessory minerals likely house most REEs and Y, lesser Sc, U, and Th, and minor Cr, Ni, and Ti. Pyrite appears to host As, some V and Ni, and perhaps some Cu, but Cu probably exists largely as chalcopyrite. Data suggest that organic debris houses most Be and some Ni and U, and that Pb and Sb occur as Pb-Sb sulfosalt(s) within organic matrix. Most Hg, and some Mn and Y, appear to be hosted by calcite, suggesting potential Hg remobilization from original pyrite, and Hg sorption by calcite, which may be important processes in abandoned coals. Most Co, Zn, Mo, and Cd, significant V and Ni, and some Mn probably occur in non-pyritic sulfides; Ba, Sr, and P are largely in crandallite-group phosphates. Selenium does not show organic or \"clausthalite\" affinities, but Se occurrence is otherwise unclear. Barium, Mn, Ni, Sc, U, and V, with strongly divided statistical affinities, likely occur subequally in multiple modes. For study area surface waters, highest levels of most trace elements occur in mine-adit or mine-dump drainage. Effluent flow rates strongly affect both acidity and trace element levels. Adit drainages where flow is only a trickle have the most acidic waters (pH 3.78-4.80) and highest trace element levels (up to two orders of magnitude higher than in non-mine site waters). Nonetheless, nearly all surface waters have low absolute concentrations of trace elements of environmental concern, and all waters sampled meet U.S. EPA primary drinking water standards and aquatic life criteria for all elements analyzed. Secondary drinking water standards are also met for all parameters except Al, pH, Fe, and Mn, but even in extreme cases (mine waters with pH as low as 3.78 and up to 1243 ppb Al, 6280 ppb Fe, and 721 ppb Mn, and non-mine dam-outflow waters with up to 18,400 ppb Fe and 1540 ppb Mn) downslope attenuation is apparently rapid, as down-drainage plateau-base streams show background levels for all these parameters. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.005","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Shaver, S., Hower, J., Eble, C., McLamb, E., and Kuers, K., 2006, Trace element geochemistry and surface water chemistry of the Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 47-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.005.","startPage":"47","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.005"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb63be4b08c986b326b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaver, S.A.","contributorId":34719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaver","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLamb, E.D.","contributorId":94093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLamb","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuers, K.","contributorId":70183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuers","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030976,"text":"70030976 - 2006 - Future trends in transport and fate of diffuse contaminants in catchments, with special emphasis on stable isotope applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030976","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future trends in transport and fate of diffuse contaminants in catchments, with special emphasis on stable isotope applications","docAbstract":"A summary is provided of the first of a series of proposed Integrated Science Initiative workshops supported by the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. The workshop brought together hydrologists, environmental chemists, microbiologists, stable isotope specialists and natural resource managers with the purpose of communicating new ideas on ways to assess microbial degradation processes and reactive transport at catchment scales. The focus was on diffuse contamination at catchment scales and the application of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in the assessment of biological degradation processes of agrochemicals. Major outcomes were identifying the linkage between water residence time distribution and rates of contaminant degradation, identifying the need for better information on compound specific microbial degradation isotope fractionation factors and the potential of CSIA in identifying key degradative processes. In the natural resource management context, a framework was developed where CSIA techniques were identified as practically unique in their capacity to serve as distributed integrating indicators of process across a range of scales (micro to diffuse) of relevance to the problem of diffuse pollution assessment. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6074","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Turner, J., Albrechtsen, H., Bonell, M., Duguet, J., Harris, B., Meckenstock, R., McGuire, K., Moussa, R., Peters, N., Richnow, H., Sherwood-Lollar, B., Uhlenbrook, S., and van, L.H., 2006, Future trends in transport and fate of diffuse contaminants in catchments, with special emphasis on stable isotope applications: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 1, p. 205-213, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6074.","startPage":"205","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6074"},{"id":238838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1438e4b0c8380cd54960","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, J.","contributorId":24565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albrechtsen, H.-J.","contributorId":20150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albrechtsen","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonell, M.","contributorId":82041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duguet, J.-P.","contributorId":97703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duguet","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, B.","contributorId":67723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meckenstock, R.","contributorId":84560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckenstock","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGuire, K.","contributorId":63219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moussa, R.","contributorId":72199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moussa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peters, N.","contributorId":91297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Richnow, H.H.","contributorId":70997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richnow","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sherwood-Lollar, B.","contributorId":8674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood-Lollar","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Uhlenbrook, S.","contributorId":24169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhlenbrook","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"van, Lanen H.","contributorId":6658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van","given":"Lanen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70033346,"text":"70033346 - 2006 - Sediment and nutrient accumulation within lowland bottomland ecosystems: An example from the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033346","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sediment and nutrient accumulation within lowland bottomland ecosystems: An example from the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Sediment and nutrient deposition, storage, and transformations are important environmental functions of riverine forested wetland ecosystems, yet documentation and interpretation of sedimentation/nutrient processes remain incomplete. Our studies located in the Coastal Plain of southeastern USA, including the Atchafalaya Basin, La. (a distributary of the Mississippi River) serve as example for detailed discussion of sediment and nutrient accumulation in lowland systems. The Atchafalaya Basin is the largest contiguously forested riparian wetland in North America and is incurring high sediment loads and hypoxic zones in backswamp settings. We established several floodplain transects, located to reflect major depositional environments within the Basin, to monitor general and local sediment deposition patterns over a multi-year period. Deposition rate and loss on ignition (LOI) data were collected above artificial markers (clay pads) at multiple stations along each transect. Mean floodplain sedimentation rates ranged from about 2 to 42 mm/yr and mean percent organic material ranged from about 7 to 28 percent. The transects were categorized into statistically different deposition groups based on sedimentation rate; most of these groups could be coherently interpreted based on a suite of parameters that includes hydroperiod (elevation), source(s) of sediment-laden water, hydraulic connectivity, flow stagnation, and location in transect (levee versus backswamp). Low elevatic (long hydroperiod), high hydraulic connectivity to multiple sources of sediment-laden water, and hydraulic damming (flow stagnation) lead to the highest amounts of sediment trapping; the converse in any of these factors may diminish sediment trapping. Based on aerial extent of deposition groups, the study area (about 500 km 2) potentially traps 6.72+109 kg of sediment, annually, of which 12 percent or 8.20.108 kg are organic material. This accumulated sediment contains a coarsely estimated 5% and 27% of the annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads to the Atchafalaya Basin, respectively, and 3.7+108 kg C. Thus, the Atchafalaya Basin plays an important role in sediment storage, including the sequestration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands - Proceeding of the International Conference","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands","conferenceDate":"8 April 2006 through 12 April 2006","conferenceLocation":"New Bern, NC","language":"English","isbn":"1892769530; 9781892769534","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C., and Noe, G., 2006, Sediment and nutrient accumulation within lowland bottomland ecosystems: An example from the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana, in Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands - Proceeding of the International Conference, New Bern, NC, 8 April 2006 through 12 April 2006, p. 175-187.","startPage":"175","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8954e4b08c986b316da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030972,"text":"70030972 - 2006 - Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:38:39","indexId":"70030972","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","docAbstract":"A portable chamber was used to separate evapotranspiration (ET) from a sparse, mixed‐species shrub canopy in southeastern Arizona, United States, into vegetation and soil components. Chamber measurements were made of ET from the five dominant species, and from bare soil, on 3 days during the monsoon season when the soil surface was dry. The chamber measurements were assembled into landscape ET using a simple geometric model of the vegetated land surface. Chamber estimates of landscape ET were well correlated with, but about 26% greater than, simultaneous eddy‐correlation measurements. Excessive air speed inside the chamber appears to be the primary cause of the overestimate. Overall, transpiration accounted for 84% of landscape ET, and bare soil evaporation for 16%. Desert zinnia, a small (∼0.1 m high) but abundant species, was the greatest water user, both per unit area of shrub and of landscape. Partitioning of ETinto components varied as a function of air temperature and shallow soil moisture. Transpiration from shorter species was more highly correlated with air temperature whereas transpiration from taller species was more highly correlated with shallow soil moisture. Application of these results to a full drying cycle between rainfalls at a similar site suggests that during the monsoon, ET at such sites may be about equally partitioned between transpiration and bare soil evaporation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004251","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., and Weltz, M.A., 2006, Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 2, W02413; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004251.","productDescription":"W02413; 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753ee4b0c8380cd77a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltz, Mark A.","contributorId":75790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weltz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031138,"text":"70031138 - 2006 - Sources of variation in survival of breeding female wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031138","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in survival of breeding female wood ducks","docAbstract":"In waterfowl, reproduction is physiologically demanding and females are exposed to varying risks of mortality at different periods of the breeding cycle. Moreover, differences among females may influence survival within breeding periods. We captured and fitted female Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) with radio-transmitters before nest initiation during two breeding seasons to estimate survival and investigate sources of variation in survival. We partitioned the breeding season into three periods (preincubation, incubation, postnesting) according to breeding status of individual females, and used information-theoretic methods to compare models in which daily survival varied among periods, between successful and failed nesting females, and with parameters describing individual heterogeneity. Our analysis suggested that daily survival was best modeled as a function of breeding period, differences between successful and failed nesting females during postnesting, and early incubation body condition of successful females during post-nesting. Model-averaged daily survival was 0.9988 (95% CL: 0.9963-0.9996) during preincubation and 1.0 during incubation. Postnesting daily survival was 1.0 for failed nesting females and 0.9948 (0.9773-0.9988) for successful females, suggesting a trade-off between current reproduction and survival. Female age, body condition at capture, nest initiation date, and brood size generally were not useful for explaining variation in survival. Only early incubation body condition was important for modeling survival of successful females during postnesting; however, weight of evidence was limited and the effect on survival was weak. Mortality was greatest for females during preincubation and for females that nested successfully. Results support the hypothesis that brood care is costly for females. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:SOVISO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Hartke, K.M., Grand, J., Hepp, G.R., and Folk, T., 2006, Sources of variation in survival of breeding female wood ducks: Condor, v. 108, no. 1, p. 201-210, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:SOVISO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"201","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477421,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:soviso]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:SOVISO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93a0e4b08c986b31a5d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartke, Kevin M.","contributorId":84048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartke","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hepp, Gary R.","contributorId":8191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepp","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Folk, T.H.","contributorId":50688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folk","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}