From 2003 through 2005, continuous and discrete waterquality data were collected at two stations on the Anacostia River in Maryland: Northeast Branch at Riverdale, Maryland (U.S. Geological Survey Station 01649500) and Northwest Branch near Hyattsville, Maryland (Station 01651000). Both stations are above the heads of tide for the river, and measurements approximately represent contributions of chemicals from the nontidal watersheds in the Anacostia River. This study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Prince George’s County Department of Environmental Resources, the Maryland Department of the Environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and George Mason University. Samples were collected for suspended sediment, nutrients, and trace metals; data were used to calculate loads of selected chemical parameters, and to evaluate the sources and transport processes of contaminants. Enrichment factors were calculated for some trace metals and used to interpret patterns of occurrence over different flow regimes. Some metals, such as cadmium, lead, and zinc, were slightly enriched as compared to global averages for shales; overall, median values of enrichment factors for all metals were approximately 15 to 35.
Stepwise linear regression models were developed on log-transformed concentrations to estimate the concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from continuous data of discharge and turbidity. The use of multiple explanatory variables improved the predictions over traditional rating curves that use only streamflow as the explanatory variable, because other variables such as turbidity measure the hysteretic effects of fine-grained suspended sediment over storm hydrographs. Estimates of the concentrations of suspended sediment from continuous discharge and turbidity showed coefficients of determination for the predictions (multiple R2) of 0.95 and biases of less than 4 percent. Models to estimate the concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen had lower values of multiple R2 than suspended sediment, but the estimated bias for all the models was similar. The models for total nitrogen and total phosphorus tended to under-predict high concentrations and to over-predict low concentrations as compared to measured values.
Annual yields (loads per square area in kilograms per year per square kilometer) were estimated for suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus using the U.S. Geological Survey models ESTIMATOR and LOADEST. The model LOADEST used hourly time steps and allowed the use of turbidity, which is strongly correlated to concentrations of suspended sediment, as a predictor variable. Annual yields for total nitrogen and total phosphorus were slightly higher but similar to previous estimates for other watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay, but annual yields for suspended sediment were higher by an order of magnitude for the two Anacostia River stations. Annual yields of suspended sediment at the two Anacostia River stations ranged from 131,000 to 248,000 kilograms per year per square kilometer for 2004 and 2005. LOADEST estimates were similar to those determined with ESTIMATOR, but had reduced errors associated with the estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Prince George's County Department of Environmental Resources, the Maryland Department of the Environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and George Mason University","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.V., Gutierrez-Magness, A.L., Feit Majedi, B.L., and Foster, G.D., 2007, Water quality in the upper Anacostia River, Maryland: Continuous and discrete monitoring with simulations to estimate concentrations and yields, 2003-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5142, vii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075142.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10315,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463454,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81856.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"upper Anacostia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,38 ], [ -77.5,39.5 ], [ -76,39.5 ], [ -76,38 ], [ -77.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Cherie V. 0000-0001-7765-5919 cvmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-5919","contributorId":863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Cherie","email":"cvmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutierrez-Magness, Angelica L.","contributorId":36995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez-Magness","given":"Angelica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feit Majedi, Brenda L.","contributorId":99243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feit Majedi","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Gregory D.","contributorId":18020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80493,"text":"ofr20071308 - 2007 - Development of an Impervious-Surface Database for the Little Blackwater River Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20071308","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1308","title":"Development of an Impervious-Surface Database for the Little Blackwater River Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland","docAbstract":"Many agricultural and forested areas in proximity to National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) are under increasing economic pressure for commercial or residential development. The upper portion of the Little Blackwater River watershed - a 27 square mile area within largely low-lying Dorchester County, Maryland, on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay - is important to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) because it flows toward the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR), and developmental impacts of areas upstream from the BNWR are unknown.\r\n\r\nOne of the primary concerns for the Refuge is how storm-water runoff may affect living resources downstream. The Egypt Road project (fig. 1), for which approximately 600 residential units have been approved, has the potential to markedly change the land use and land cover on the west bank of the Little Blackwater River. In an effort to limit anticipated impacts, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (Maryland DNR) recently decided to purchase some of the lands previously slated for development. Local topography, a high water table (typically 1 foot or less below the land surface), and hydric soils present a challenge for the best management of storm-water flow from developed surfaces.\r\n\r\nA spatial data coordination group was formed by the Dorchester County Soil and Conservation District to collect data to aid decisionmakers in watershed management and on the possible impacts of development on this watershed. Determination of streamflow combined with land cover and impervious-surface baselines will allow linking of hydrologic and geologic factors that influence the land surface. This baseline information will help planners, refuge managers, and developers discuss issues and formulate best management practices to mitigate development impacts on the refuge.\r\n\r\nIn consultation with the Eastern Region Geospatial Information Office, the dataset selected to be that baseline land cover source was the June-July 2005 National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) 1-meter resolution orthoimagery of Maryland. This publicly available, statewide dataset provided imagery corresponding to the closest in time to the installation of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Discipline gaging station on the Little Blackwater River. It also captures land cover status just before major residential development occurs. This document describes the process used to create a database of impervious surfaces for the Little Blackwater watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071308","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L., Jones, J., and Barlow, R.A., 2007, Development of an Impervious-Surface Database for the Little Blackwater River Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1308, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071308.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10317,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65df59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milheim, Lesley E.","contributorId":100951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Roger A. rbarlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":2824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Roger","email":"rbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80477,"text":"sir20075081 - 2007 - Analyses of Water-Level Differentials and Variations in Recharge between the Surficial and Upper Floridan Aquifers in East-Central and Northeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"sir20075081","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5081","title":"Analyses of Water-Level Differentials and Variations in Recharge between the Surficial and Upper Floridan Aquifers in East-Central and Northeast Florida","docAbstract":"Continuous (daily) water-level data collected at 29 monitoring-well cluster sites were analyzed to document variations in recharge between the surficial (SAS) and Floridan (FAS) aquifer systems in east-central and northeast Florida. According to Darcy's law, changes in the water-level differentials (differentials) between these systems are proportional to changes in the vertical flux of water between them. Variations in FAS recharge rates are of interest to water-resource managers because changes in these rates affect sensitive water resources subject to minimum flow and water-level restrictions, such as the amount of water discharged from springs and changes in lake and wetland water levels.\r\n\r\nMean daily differentials between 2000-2004 ranged from less than 1 foot at a site in east-central Florida to more than 114 feet at a site in northeast Florida. Sites with greater mean differentials exhibited lower percentage-based ranges in fluctuations than did sites with lower mean differentials. When averaged for all sites, differentials (and thus Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) recharge rates) decreased by about 18 percent per site between 2000-2004. This pattern can be associated with reductions in ground-water withdrawals from the UFA that occurred after 2000 as the peninsula emerged from a 3-year drought. Monthly differentials exhibited a well-defined seasonal pattern in which UFA recharge rates were greatest during the dry spring months (8 percent above the 5-year daily mean in May) and least during the wetter summer/early fall months (4 percent below the 5-year daily mean in October). In contrast, differentials exceeded the 5-year daily mean in all but 2 months of 2000, indicative of relatively high ground-water withdrawals throughout the year. On average, the UFA received about 6 percent more recharge at the project sites in 2000 than between 2000-2004.\r\n\r\nNo statistically significant correlations were detected between monthly differentials and precipitation at 27 of the 29 sites between 2000-2004. For longer periods of record, double-mass plots of differentials and precipitation indicate the UFA recharge rate increased by about 34 percent at a site in west Orange County between the periods of 1974-1983 and 1983-2004. Given the absence of a trend in rainfall, the increase can likely be attributed to ground-water development. At a site in south Lake County, double-mass plots indicate that dredging of the Palatlakaha River and other nearby drainage improvements may have reduced recharge rates to the UFA by about 30 percent from the period between 1960-1965 to 1965-1970.\r\n\r\nWater-level differentials were positively correlated with land-surface altitude. The correlation was particularly strong for the 11 sites located in physiographically-defined ridge areas (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.89). Weaker yet statistically significant negative correlations were detected between differentials and the model-calibrated leakance and thickness of the intermediate confining unit (ICU).\r\n\r\nRecharge to the UFA decreased by about 14 percent at the Charlotte Street monitoring-well site in Seminole County between 2000-2004. The decrease can be attributed to a reduction in nearby pumpage, from 57 to 49 million gallons per day over the 5-year period, with a subsequent recovery in UFA water levels that exceeded those in the SAS.\r\n\r\nDifferentials at Charlotte were influenced by system memory of both precipitation and pumpage. While not statistically correlated with monthly precipitation, monthly differentials were well correlated with the 9-month moving average of precipitation. Similarly, differentials were best correlated with the 2-month moving average of pumpage. The polynomial function that quantifies the correlation between differentials and the 2-month moving average of pumpage indicates that, in terms of UFA recharge rates, the system was closer to a steady-state condition in 2000 when pumpage rates were high, than from 2001-2004 when p","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Murray, L.C., 2007, Analyses of Water-Level Differentials and Variations in Recharge between the Surficial and Upper Floridan Aquifers in East-Central and Northeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5081, viii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075081.","productDescription":"viii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5081.jpg"},{"id":10305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,27 ], [ -83,31 ], [ -80,31 ], [ -80,27 ], [ -83,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68382d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Louis C. Jr.","contributorId":19980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179469,"text":"70179469 - 2007 - Wind River watershed restoration: Annual Report April 2004 - March 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T13:34:11","indexId":"70179469","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Wind River watershed restoration: Annual Report April 2004 - March 2005","docAbstract":"During 2004, researchers from U.S. Geological Survey’s Columbia River Research Laboratory (USGS-CRRL) collected temperature, flow, and habitat data to characterize physical habitat condition and variation within and among tributaries and mainstem sections in the Wind River subbasin. Juvenile salmonid population surveys were conducted within select study areas throughout the subbasin. We expanded our survey coverage of the mainstem Wind River to a reach in the vicinity of Carson National Fish Hatchery to assess effects of non-indigenous Chinook on native steelhead. These efforts add to a database of habitat and fish data collected in the Wind River since 1996. This research contributes to the Wind River Restoration Project, which includes active stream habitat restoration and monitoring of adult and juvenile steelhead populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., and Jezorek, I., 2007, Wind River watershed restoration: Annual Report April 2004 - March 2005, iv., A 1-59, B 1-65.","productDescription":"iv., A 1-59, B 1-65","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wind River watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 45.97310596610018\n ],\n [\n -122.19200134277342,\n 45.908166581916824\n ],\n [\n -122.21466064453125,\n 45.85510821010423\n ],\n [\n -121.88438415527344,\n 45.696588248373764\n ],\n [\n -121.64749145507814,\n 45.71241257706918\n ],\n [\n -121.79786682128905,\n 45.97406038956237\n ],\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 45.97310596610018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc699e4b0f5ce109fa961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jezorek, I.G.","contributorId":80913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"I.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80473,"text":"sir20075074 - 2007 - Concentrations and Loads of Nutrients and Suspended Sediments in Englesby Brook and Little Otter Creek, Lake Champlain Basin, Vermont, 2000-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20075074","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5074","title":"Concentrations and Loads of Nutrients and Suspended Sediments in Englesby Brook and Little Otter Creek, Lake Champlain Basin, Vermont, 2000-2005","docAbstract":"The effectiveness of best-management practices (BMPs) in improving water quality in Lake Champlain tributaries was evaluated from 2000 through 2005 on the basis of analysis of data collected on concentrations of total phosphorus and suspended sediment in Englesby Brook, an urban stream in Burlington, and Little Otter Creek, an agricultural stream in Ferrisburg. Data also were collected on concentrations of total nitrogen in the Englesby Brook watershed. In the winter of 2001-2002, one of three planned structural BMPs was installed in the urban watershed. At approximately the same time, a set of barnyard BMPs was installed in the agricultural watershed; however, the other planned BMPs, which included streambank fencing and nutrient management, were not implemented within the study period.\r\n\r\nAt Englesby Brook, concentrations of phosphorus ranged from 0.024 to 0.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L) during base-flow and from 0.032 to 11.8 mg/L during high-flow conditions. Concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 3 to 189 mg/L during base-flow and from 5 to 6,880 mg/L during high-flow conditions. An assessment of the effectiveness of an urban BMP was made by comparing concentrations and loads of phosphorus and suspended sediment before and after a golf-course irrigation pond in the Englesby Brook watershed was retrofitted with the objective of reducing sediment transport. Results from a modified paired watershed study design showed that the BMP reduced concentrations of phosphorus and suspended sediment during high-flow events - when average streamflow was greater than 3 cubic feet per second. While construction of the BMP did not reduce storm loads of phosphorus or suspended sediment, an evaluation of changes in slope of double-mass curves showing cumulative monthly streamflow plotted against cumulative monthly loads indicated a possible reduction in cumulative loads of phosphorus and suspended sediment after BMP construction.\r\n\r\nResults from the Little Otter Creek assessment of agricultural BMPs showed that concentrations of phosphorus ranged from 0.016 to 0.141 mg/L during base-flow and from 0.019 to 0.565 mg/L during high-flow conditions at the upstream monitoring station. Concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 2 to 13 mg/L during base-flow and from 1 to 473 mg/L during high-flow conditions at the upstream monitoring station. Concentrations of phosphorus ranged from 0.018 to 0.233 mg/L during base-flow and from 0.019 to 1.95 mg/L during high-flow conditions at the downstream monitoring station. Concentrations of suspended sediment ranged from 10 to 132 mg/L during base-flow and from 8 to 1,190 mg/L during high-flow conditions at the downstream monitoring station.\r\n\r\nAnnual loads of phosphorus at the downstream monitoring station were significantly larger than loads at the upstream monitoring station, and annual loads of suspended sediment at the downstream monitoring station were larger than loads at the upstream monitoring station for 4 out of 6 years. On a monthly basis, loads of phosphorus and suspended sediment at the downstream monitoring station were significantly larger than loads at the upstream monitoring station. Pairs of concentrations of phosphorus and monthly loads of phosphorus and suspended sediment from the upstream and downstream monitoring stations were evaluated using the paired watershed study design. The only significant reduction between the calibration and treatment periods was for monthly loads of phosphorus; all other evaluations showed no change between periods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, City of Burlington, and Lake Champlain Basin Program","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., 2007, Concentrations and Loads of Nutrients and Suspended Sediments in Englesby Brook and Little Otter Creek, Lake Champlain Basin, Vermont, 2000-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5074, viii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075074.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p.","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5074.jpg"},{"id":10301,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80471,"text":"sir20075118 - 2007 - Historical Changes in Precipitation and Streamflow in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin, 1915-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T19:01:34","indexId":"sir20075118","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5118","title":"Historical Changes in Precipitation and Streamflow in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin, 1915-2004","docAbstract":"The total amount of water in the Great Lakes Basin is important in the long-term allocation of water to human use and to riparian and aquatic ecosystems. The water available during low-flow periods is particularly important because the short-term demands for the water can exceed the supply.\r\n\r\nPrecipitation increased over the last 90 years in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin. Total annual precipitation increased by 4.5 inches from 1915 to 2004 (based on the average of 34 U.S. Historical Climatology Network stations), 3.5 inches from 1935 to 2004 (average of 34 stations), and 4.2 inches from 1955 to 2004 (average of 37 stations). Variability in precipitation from year to year was large, but there were numerous years with relatively low precipitation in the 1930s and 1960s and many years with relatively high precipitation after about 1970.\r\n\r\nAnnual runoff increased over the last 50 years in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin. Mean annual runoff increased by 2.6 inches, based on the average of 43 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations from 1955 to 2004 on streams that were relatively free of human influences. Variability in runoff from year to year was large, but on average runoff was relatively low from 1955 to about 1970 and relatively high from about 1970 to 1995. Runoff increased at all stations in the basin except in and near the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where relatively small runoff decreases occurred. Changes in annual runoff for the 16 stations with data from 1935 to 2004 were similar to the changes from 1955 to 2004. The mean annual 7-day low runoff (the lowest annual average of 7 consecutive days of runoff) increased from 1955 to 2004 by 0.048 cubic feet per second per square mile based on the average of 27 stations.\r\n\r\nRunoff in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin from 1955 to 2004 increased for all months except April. November through January and July precipitation and runoff increased by similar amounts. There were differences between precipitation and runoff changes for February, March, and April, which were likely due to lower ratios of snowfall to rain and earlier snowmelt runoff in recent years. Increases in precipitation were larger than increases in runoff for May, June, August, September, and October. Some of this difference could be due to the different locations of the precipitation and streamflow stations in the basin. Part of the difference may be explained by changes in evapotranspiration.\r\n\r\nSome of the few highly urbanized and highly regulated stations analyzed in this report had larger increases in annual 7-day low-runoff from 1955 to 2004 than any of the stations in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin that are on streams relatively free of human influences. This demonstrates the human influence over time on very low streamflows.\r\n\r\nChanges-even over periods as long as 90 years-can be part of longer cycles. Previous studies of Great Lakes Basin precipitation and St. Lawrence River streamflow, using data from the mid-1800s to the late-1900s, showed low precipitation and streamflow in the late 1800s and early 1900s relative to earlier and later periods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075118","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., Dudley, R.W., and Aichele, S., 2007, Historical Changes in Precipitation and Streamflow in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin, 1915-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5118, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075118.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":448,"text":"National Water Availability and Use Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10298,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,40.5 ], [ -95,49 ], [ -72,49 ], [ -72,40.5 ], [ -95,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a87ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80398,"text":"sir20075037 - 2007 - Occurrence of Uranium and 222Radon in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers in the Northern United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20075037","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5037","title":"Occurrence of Uranium and 222Radon in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers in the Northern United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Water-quality data collected from 1,426 wells during 1993-2003 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program were evaluated to characterize the water quality in glacial and bedrock aquifers of the northern United States. One of the goals of the NAWQA program is to synthesize data from individual studies across the United States to gain regional- and national-scale information about the behavior of contaminants. This study focused on the regional occurrence and distribution of uranium and 222radon in ground water in the glacial aquifer system of the United States as well as in the Cambrian-Ordovician and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer systems that underlie the glacial aquifer system. The occurrence of uranium and 222radon in ground water has long been a concern throughout the United States. In the glacial aquifers, as well as the Cambrian-Ordovician and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer systems of the United States, concentrations of uranium and 222radon were highly variable. High concentrations of uranium and 222radon affect ground water used for drinking water and for agriculture.\r\n\r\nA combination of information or data on (1) national-scale ground-water regions, (2) regional-scale glacial depositional models, (3) regional-scale geology, and (4) national-scale terrestrial gamma-ray emissions were used to confirm and(or) refine the regions used in the analysis of the water-chemistry data. Significant differences in the occurrence of uranium and 222radon, based primarily on geologic information were observed and used in this report. In general, uranium was highest in the Columbia Plateau glacial, West-Central glacial, and the New York and New England crystalline aquifer groups (75th percentile concentrations of 22.3, 7.7, and 2.9 micrograms per liter (ug/L), respectively). In the Columbia Plateau glacial and the West-Central glacial aquifer groups, more than 10 percent of wells sampled had concentrations of uranium that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level of 30 ug/L; in the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group, 4 percent exceeded 30 ug/L.\r\n\r\nGround-water samples with high concentrations of uranium were commonly linked to geologic sources rich in uranium. In eight of nine aquifer groups defined for this study, concentrations of uranium correlated significantly with concentrations of sulfate in ground water (Spearman's rho = 0.20 to 0.56; p < 0.05). In the Columbia Plateau, glacial aquifers were derived in part from basaltic lava flows, some felsic volcanic rocks, and some paleo-lake bed materials that may be rich in uranium. In the Columbia Plateau and West-Central glacial aquifer groups, uranium correlated with total dissolved solids, bicarbonate, boron, lithium, selenium, and strontium. In the West-Central glacial aquifer group, rocks such as Cretaceous marine shales, which are abundant in uranium, probably contribute to the high concentrations in ground water; in the southern part of this group, which extends into Nebraska, the glacial or glacial-related sediment may be interbedded with uranium-rich materials that originated to the north and west and in the Rocky Mountains. In New England, crystalline bedrock that is granitic, such as two-mica granites, as well as other high-grade metamorphic rocks, has abundant uranium that is soluble in the predominantly oxic to sub-oxic geochemical conditions. This appears to contribute to high uranium concentrations in ground water.\r\n\r\nThe highest 222radon concentrations were present in samples from wells completed in the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group; the median value (2,122 picocurries per liter (pCi/L)) was about 10 times the median values of all other aquifer groups. More than 25 percent of the samples from the New York and New England crystalline aquifer group wells had 222radon concentrations that exceeded the USEPA Alternative","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075037","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Flanagan, S., and Morrow, W.S., 2007, Occurrence of Uranium and 222Radon in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers in the Northern United States, 1993-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5037, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075037.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80393,"text":"sir20075100 - 2007 - Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:07:46.482531","indexId":"sir20075100","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5100","title":"Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida","docAbstract":"The transient response of a hydrologic system can be of concern to water-resource managers, because it is often extreme relatively short-lived events, such as floods or droughts, that profoundly influence the management of the resource. The water available to a hydrologic system for stream flow and aquifer recharge is determined by the difference of precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET). As such, temporal variations in precipitation and ET determine the degree of influence each has on the transient response of the hydrologic system.\r\n\r\nMeteorological, ET, and hydrologic data collected from 1993 to 2003 and spanning 1- to 3 2/3 -year periods were used to develop a hydrologic model for each of five sites in central Florida. The sensitivities of simulated water levels and flows to simple approximations of ET were quantified and the adequacy of each ET approximation was assessed. ET was approximated by computing potential ET, using the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor equations, and applying vegetation coefficients to adjust the potential ET values to actual ET. The Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor ET approximations were used in the calibrated hydrologic models while leaving all other model characteristics and parameter values unchanged.\r\n\r\nTwo primary factors that influence how the temporal variability of ET affects hydrologic simulation in central Florida were identified: (1) stochastic character of precipitation and ET and (2) the ability of the local hydrologic system to attenuate variability in input stresses. Differences in the stochastic character of precipitation and ET, both the central location and spread of the data, result in substantial influence of precipitation on the quantity and timing of water available to the hydrologic system and a relatively small influence of ET. The temporal variability of ET was considerably less than that of precipitation at each site over a wide range of time scales (from daily to annual). However, when precipitation and ET are of similar magnitude, small errors in ET can produce relatively large errors in available water, and accurate estimates of actual ET are more important. Local hydrologic conditions can also be an important factor influencing the hydrologic response to ET variability. Various points along a flow path in a hydrologic system respond differently to temporal variations in ET. For example, soil moisture contents in the root zone are sensitive to daily variations in ET, whereas spring flow responds to only longer term variations in ET.\r\n\r\nBoth the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor equations for potential ET, when applied with an annually invariant monthly vegetation coefficient derived from comparison of measured ET with computed potential ET values, can be used with a hydrologic model to produce reasonable predictions of water levels and flows. Baseline-adjusted modified coefficients of efficiency for simulated water levels ranged from 0.0, indicating that water levels were simulated equally as well with approximated ET as with actual ET values, to -0.6, indicating that water levels were simulated better with actual ET values. Simulations using the Hargreaves approximation consistently yielded larger absolute and relative errors than the Priestley-Taylor approximation. However, the differences between the Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor simulations generally were much smaller than differences between these simulations and the simulations using actual ET. This suggests that the simpler Hargreaves equation may be an adequate substitute for the more complex Priestley-Taylor equation, depending on the level of accuracy required to satisfy the particular modeling objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., 2007, Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5100, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075100.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415473,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81794.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8208,\n 27.5611\n ],\n [\n -80.3333,\n 27.5611\n ],\n [\n -80.3333,\n 29.7289\n ],\n [\n -82.8208,\n 29.7289\n ],\n [\n -82.8208,\n 27.5611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6103cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80394,"text":"ofr20071163 - 2007 - Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T21:49:28.787524","indexId":"ofr20071163","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1163","title":"Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","docAbstract":"A geophysical investigation was undertaken as part of an effort to characterize the geologic framework influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah. New gravity data were combined with existing aeromagnetic, drill-hole, and geologic data to help determine basin geometry, infer structural features, estimate depth to pre-Cenozoic basement rocks, and further constrain the horizontal extents of exposed and buried plutons. In addition, a three-dimensional (3D) geologic model was constructed to help illustrate the often complex geometries of individual basins and aid in assessing the connectivity of adjacent basins. In general, the thirteen major valleys within the study area have axes oriented north-south and frequently contain one or more sub-basins. These basins are often asymmetric and typically reach depths of 2 km. Analysis of gravity data helped delineate geophysical lineaments and accommodation zones. Structural complexities may further compartmentalize ground-water flow within basins and the influence of tectonics on basin sedimentation further complicates their hydrologic properties.\r\n\r\nThe horizontal extent of exposed and, in particular, buried plutons was estimated over the entire study area. The location and subsurface extents of these plutons will be very important for regional water resource assessments, as these features may act as either barriers or pathways for groundwater flow. A previously identified basement gravity low strikes NW within the study area and occurs within a highly extended terrane between the Butte and Confusion synclinoria. Evidence from geophysical, geologic, and seismic reflection data suggests relatively lower density plutonic rocks may extend to moderate crustal depths and rocks of similar composition may be the source of the entire basement gravity anomaly.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)","usgsCitation":"Watt, J.T., Ponce, D.A., and Wallace, A., 2007, Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1163, Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071163.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402190,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81795.htm"},{"id":10217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":8564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":287598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan R.","affiliations":[{"id":61619,"text":"USGS emeritus, not in Active Directory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80378,"text":"ofr20061355 - 2007 - Marl prairie vegetation response to 20th century hydrologic change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T15:24:53.06258","indexId":"ofr20061355","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1355","title":"Marl prairie vegetation response to 20th century hydrologic change","docAbstract":"We conducted geochronologic and pollen analyses from sediment cores collected in solution holes within marl prairies of Big Cypress National Preserve to reconstruct vegetation patterns of the last few centuries and evaluate the stability and longevity of marl prairies within the greater Everglades ecosystem. Based on radiocarbon dating and pollen biostratigraphy, these cores contain sediments deposited during the last ~300 years and provide evidence for plant community composition before and after 20th century water management practices altered flow patterns throughout the Everglades. Pollen evidence indicates that pre-20th century vegetation at the sites consisted of sawgrass marshes in a peat-accumulating environment; these assemblages indicate moderate hydroperiods and water depths, comparable to those in modern sawgrass marshes of Everglades National Park. During the 20th century, vegetation changed to grass-dominated marl prairies, and calcitic sediments were deposited, indicating shortening of hydroperiods and occurrence of extended dry periods at the site. These data suggest that the presence of marl prairies at these sites is a 20th century phenomenon, resulting from hydrologic changes associated with water management practices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061355","usgsCitation":"Marl Prairie Vegetation Response to 20th Century Hydrologic Change; 2007; OFR; 2006-1355; Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Willard, Debra A.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1355/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1355/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"169 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-355"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 26.70489837770232\n ],\n [\n -81.81504185065552,\n 26.70489837770232\n ],\n [\n -81.81504185065552,\n 25.09416821042484\n ],\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 25.09416821042484\n ],\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 26.70489837770232\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Ground water from the Upper Floridan aquifer is the sole source of water supply for Tallahassee, Florida, and the surrounding area. The City of Tallahassee (the City) currently operates 28 water-supply wells; 26 wells are distributed throughout the City and 2 are located in Woodville, Florida. Most of these wells yield an ample supply of potable water; however, water from several wells has low levels of tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The City removes the PCE from the water by passing it through granular-activated carbon units before distribution. To ensure that water-supply wells presently free of contamination remain clean, it is necessary to understand the ground-water flow system in sufficient detail to protect the contributing areas.
Ground-water samples collected from four public-supply wells were analyzed for tritium (3H), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Using data for the CFC compounds, apparent ground-water ages ranged from 7 to 31 years. For SF6, the apparent ages tended to be about 5 to 10 years younger than those from CFCs. Apparent ages based on the tritium/tritiogenic helium-3 (3H/3Hetrit) method ranged from 26 to 33 years. The three dating methods indicate that the apparent age of ground water generally decreases from northern to southern Leon County. This southward trend of decreasing ages is consistent with increasing amounts of recharge that occur as ground water moves from north to south.
The ground-water age data derived by geochemical and tracer analyses were used in combination with the flow model and particle tracking to determine an effective porosity for the Hawthorn clays and Upper Floridan aquifer. The effective porosities for the Upper Floridan aquifer that resulted in best model matches were averaged to produce an effective porosity of 7 percent, and the effective porosities for the Hawthorn clays that resulted in a match were averaged to produce an effective porosity of 22 percent.
Probabilistic contributing areas were determined for 26 City wells using MODFLOW and MODPATH. For each probabilistic contributing area delineated, the model was run 100 times and the results were analyzed statistically. For each of the 100 runs, a different hydraulic conductivity for each of the zones was assigned to the Upper Floridan aquifer. The hydraulic conductivities were generated randomly assuming a lognormal probability distribution; the mean of the distribution was equal to the hydraulic conductivity from the calibrated model.
The 5-year time-dependent capture zones (TDCZs), assuming effective porosities of 0.1, 1, and 7 percent for four representative wells, were delineated. The higher probabilities of capture (greater than 40, 60, and 80 percent) were similar for all effective porosities, and the TDCZ delineated using a 7-percent porosity was slightly smaller; the lower probabilities of capture (greater than 10 and 20 percent) showed a large range of variability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Tallahassee","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., and Katz, B.G., 2007, Hydrogeologic investigation, water chemistry analysis, and model delineation of contributing areas for City of Tallahassee public-supply wells, Tallahassee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5070, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075070.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":423458,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81672.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tallahassee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.58350936320234,\n 30.642563666390814\n ],\n [\n -84.58350936320234,\n 30.274755026160804\n ],\n [\n -84.05381802164686,\n 30.274755026160804\n ],\n [\n -84.05381802164686,\n 30.642563666390814\n ],\n [\n -84.58350936320234,\n 30.642563666390814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J. Hal","contributorId":53832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J. 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The COM lava field is the largest, predominantly Holocene lava field in the conterminous United States. The northwest corner of the map shows older sedimentary, intrusive, and volcanic rocks that range in age from Ordovician to Miocene. These rocks provide evidence of compressional fold and thrust events of the Antler and Sevier orogenies. Compression was followed by voluminous volcanism represented by the Challis Volcanic Group. Basin-and-Range faulting followed in Neogene time.\r\n\r\nThe COM lava field covers about 1,600 square kilometers and contains about 30 cubic kilometers of lava flows and associated vent deposits. Stratigraphic relationships, paleomagnetic studies, and radiocarbon ages indicate that the field formed during eight eruptive periods designated as H, the oldest, to A, the youngest. Each eruptive period was several hundred years or less in duration and separated from other eruptive periods by non-eruptive recurrence intervals of several hundred to about 3,000 years. The first eruptive period began about 15,000 carbon-14 years ago and the latest one ended about 2,100 carbon-14 years ago.\r\n\r\nAll available field, paleomagnetic, radiocarbon, and argon-40/argon-39 data are incorporated in this map and they quantitatively refine the volcanic and paleomagnetic history of the pre-Holocene lava fields and the COM lava field. In a sense, these data determine the 'pulse rate' for Pleistocene and Holocene basaltic volcanism in the area of this map.\r\n\r\nTwenty-three new argon-40/argon-39 geochronologic data reveal a fairly complete and continuous record of basaltic volcanism in the Craters of the Moon 30 x 60 minute quadrangle for the last 500 ka. The ages cluster into age groupings at ~30 ka, 50-70 ka, 100-125 ka, 260-290 ka, 320-340 ka, and 475 ka. There are apparent periods of ~30 to 60 ka duration when little or no volcanic activity took place between groups.\r\n\r\nMagnetic polarity and remanent inclination and declination directions for most lava flows in the quadrangle have normal magnetic polarity; they were emplaced during the Brunhes Normal Polarity Chron and are younger than 780,000 years. Directions of remanent magnetization and the new argon-40/argon-39 ages were used to correlate and approximately date lava flows and lava fields for this map.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2969","isbn":"9781411318564","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Kuntz, M., Skipp, B., Champion, D.E., Gans, P.B., VanSistine, D., and Snyders, S.R., 2007, Geologic map of the Craters of the Moon 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2969, Plate: 56 x 44 inches; Pamphlet: iv, 64 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2969.","productDescription":"Plate: 56 x 44 inches; Pamphlet: iv, 64 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110739,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81653.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81653"},{"id":10079,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2969/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":361703,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2969/downloads/pdf/2969_map.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"5.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361704,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2969/downloads/pdf/2969_pamphlet_508.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361705,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2969/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,43 ], [ -114,43.5 ], [ -113,43.5 ], [ -113,43 ], [ -114,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":6446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, Betty","contributorId":51268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Betty","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gans, Philip B.","contributorId":66791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gans","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":30783,"text":"Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":292117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"VanSistine, D. Paco 0000-0003-1166-2547","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2547","contributorId":61906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanSistine","given":"D. Paco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snyders, Scott R.","contributorId":33792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyders","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80239,"text":"ofr20071180 - 2007 - Organic geochemistry of sediments in nearshore areas of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers: I. General organic characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T21:49:49.594137","indexId":"ofr20071180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1180","title":"Organic geochemistry of sediments in nearshore areas of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers: I. General organic characterization","docAbstract":"This report presents results on the general organic characteristics of sediment cores collected from the coastal zone of the Mississippi River system, including distributions of the important nutrient elements (C, N, P, and S). This was part of a larger study conducted from 2001-2005 to examine the delivery of sediment-associated contaminants to the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River system, funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Companion reports emphasize organic contaminants (Rosenbauer and others, 2006), and metals (Swarzenski and others, 2006). The level of contamination within the deltaic system of the Mississippi River system was determined through the collection of sediment cores from interdistributary bays, and offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, including the zone of hypoxia. Results provide the basis for reconstructing contaminant inventories from which to develop historic perspectives on nutrient loading and hypoxia, and to better understand how sediment-hosted contaminants either directly or indirectly move through biota and ultimately affect ecosystem health.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of C, N, P, and S in sediments varied by a factor of 10 between sites, and in down core profiles. Nearshore cores collected in 2001 proved to have erratic downcore C, N, P, and S profiles and sediment deposition rates, suggesting a high energy regime controlled more by variability in river flow rather than by geochemical processes and reactions within the system. These results focused further coring activities further offshore. Atomic C/N ratios suggest that organic matter deposited at all sites is a mix of microbial (algal) and terrestrial (vascular plant) remains, but with algal material dominant. Concentrations of total sulfur in sediments from cores in the zone of hypoxia were often higher than those in nearby zones with oxic water columns. Corresponding atomic C/S ratios were typically lower in sediments from sites in the zone of hypoxia compared to nearby sites with oxic water columns, and thus atomic C/S values may be useful as a proxy for identifying sites impacted by hypoxic conditions in the water column and for examining historical trends in hypoxia. At one site examined in this study, maximum hypoxic conditions were observed in the mid 1960's. The organic elemental composition (C, N, P, and S) of sediments was also used to guide sample selection for contaminant analysis, and to normalize the contaminant data to organic C content of the sediments.\r\n\r\nDissolved hydrocarbon gases in sediments showed a dominance of methane, but identifiable concentrations of ethane and hexane, and trace concentrations of propane, butane, and pentane were also detected. All dissolved gases except hexane were dominated by 'bound' gas, gas released only after agitation of the sediment in a blender. Hexane, in contrast was observed mostly as free gas, determined by headspace analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071180","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Rosenbauer, R.J., Swarzenski, P.W., Lerch, H.E., Corum, M., and Bates, A.L., 2007, Organic geochemistry of sediments in nearshore areas of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers: I. General organic characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1180, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071180.","productDescription":"67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402570,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81622.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -88.802490234375,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -88.802490234375,\n 29.92637417863576\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 29.92637417863576\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 28.8927788645183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lerch, Harry E. tlerch@usgs.gov","contributorId":600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"Harry","email":"tlerch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bates, Anne L. 0000-0002-4875-4675 abates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-4675","contributorId":2789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Anne","email":"abates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}